Faber-Castell: Difference between revisions

Faber-Castell AG
	Faber-Castell-Werk in Stein
Formerly	A.W. Faber Company
Company type	Joint stock company (Aktiengesellschaft)
Industry	Stationery
Predecessor	None
Founded	1761; 263 years ago
Founder	Kaspar Faber
Headquarters	Stein, Bavaria, Germany
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Stefan Leitz (CEO); Constantin Neubeck (CFO); Simon Hauser (CTO); Dirk Engehausen (Chairman of the Supervisory Board);
Products	Art materials, Writing instruments
Brands	Graf von Faber-Castell
Revenue	€ 649.2 million (2022/2023)
Number of employees	6,500 (2024)
Website	faber-castell.com

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Faber-Castell AG is a German multinational manufacturer of pens, pencils, other office supplies (e.g., staplers, slide rules, erasers, rulers)^[1] and art supplies,^[2] as well as high-end writing instruments and luxury leather goods. Headquartered in Stein, Germany, it operates 14 factories and 20 sales units throughout the globe. The Faber-Castell Group employs a staff of approximately 6,500 and does business in more than 120 countries.^[3] The House of Faber-Castell is the family which founded and continues to exercise leadership within the corporation. Faber-Castell manufactures about 2 billion pencils in more than 120 different colors every year.^[4]

History

Founding, Family Ownership, and Early Expansion (1761-1896)

Faber-Castell was founded in 1761 in Stein, Germany, by cabinet maker Kaspar Faber (1730–1784) as the A.W. Faber Company. It has remained in the Faber family for eight generations. The company expanded under Kaspar Faber's great-grandson, Johann Lothar Freiherr von Faber (1817–1896), and his wife Ottilie.^[5]^[6]^[7] Lothar opened branches in New York (1849), London (1851), Paris (1855), and expanded into Vienna (1872) and St. Petersburg (1874). The company also began offering products other than pencils, opening a factory in Geroldsgrün, Bavaria, where slide rules were produced, a slate factory in Geroldsgrün, and producing ink and paint in Noisy-le-Sec, near Paris.^[8]^[9]

Securing Global Recognition

To combat counterfeit A.W. Faber products, Lothar petitioned the Reichstag to put in place trademark protections in Germany. As a result, the Act on Trade Mark Protection came into effect in 1875, and protections were expanded in the 1894 Act on the Protection of Trade Marks. Lothar's first trademark was registered in 1894, with the registration number DE 43.^[10]^[9]^[11] Outside of Germany, the trademark was also registered in the United States (where it was one of the earliest ever registered), Russia, England, Spain, France, and Italy during Lothar's time as the head of the company.^[8]

The Rise of "Castell" Pencils and the Jousting Knights Motif (1898-1908)

In 1898, Lothar's granddaughter and heiress, Ottilie "Tilly" von Faber, married Count Alexander zu Castell-Rüdenhausen, and the couple became progenitors of the Faber-Castell family.^[7] Seven years later, the company began producing a new line of pencils, called "Castell"; over the next few years, this line developed recognizable branding, featuring the green color of the pencils (chosen to match the color of Alexander's military regiment), a logo depicting a castle, and the motif of two jousting knights, which was used on packaging and in advertising. This motif originated with a painting, commissioned by Alexander, of two knights jousting with pencils, and would eventually become the inspiration behind the company's current logo.^[12]^[13] 1908 saw the release of the Polychromos coloured pencils, which continue to be made and widely used today.^[12]

World War I

As a German company, several of the Faber-Castell's foreign subsidiaries and branches in Allied countries were confiscated during World War I. Among them, the Faber-Castell properties in New York and Paris were eventually sold off.^[13]^[14] Nevertheless, the company survived and saw further growth following the war with the construction of new, expanded manufacturing facilities and new company acquisitions. The company's name was also officially changed following Alexander's death in 1928, becoming A.W. Faber "Castell" Bleistiftfabrik (Pencil Company).^[13]

The Great Depression and World War II

As the Great Depression cast its long shadow over the global economy in the early 1930s, Alexander's son, Roland von Faber-Castell, inherited the leadership of the company. Facing economic hardship, Roland sought strategic partnerships to weather the storm. In 1932, a collaboration with Johann Faber, a rival pencil company founded by Lothar Faber's brother, was established.^[15] The two shared resources in an effort to operate more efficiently and bring down their costs. In the following years, Roland gradually bought up shares of Johann Faber until it was fully acquired (along with its Brazilian subsidiary) in 1942. This strategic move brought the popular Goldfaber colored pencil line under the Faber-Castell umbrella. During this period, further expansion came through the acquisition of the renowned fountain pen maker, Osmia.^[15]^[16]

In 1939, the Third Reich seized the Stein Castle near Nuremberg, previously owned by Count Roland von Faber-Castell, a seventh-generation head of the Faber-Castell pencil manufacturing company.^[17] The Nazis removed Count Faber-Castell from his leadership position and reportedly used the castle's bell tower for Allied bombing raid interception.^[17] Count Roland von Faber-Castell was drafted into the German military, which resulted in a shift in leadership for the Faber-Castell company. At this time, the first non-family CEO was appointed by the Nazi party.^[18] Amidst managerial changes, Count Roland's wife, Nina, converted the company into a sole proprietorship, effectively regaining control. By 1942, the company had been renamed A. W. Faber-Castell.^[13]^[18]

In the years following World War II, the company expanded internationally into Ireland, Austria, Brazil, Peru, Australia, and Argentina, as well as re-acquiring several subsidiaries which had been lost in wartime.^[16] It also began offering new products, such as a mechanical pencil, ballpoint pens, plastic slide rules (instead of wood), and an India ink drawing pen.^[15] The Faber-Castell logo was changed in 1950 to an oval design, incorporating the Faber-Castell family crest and the green color which the company had been using since 1905.^[15]^[13]

Today, the company operates 10 factories and 22 sales units, with six in Europe, four in Asia, three in North America, five in South America, and one each in Australia and New Zealand. The Faber-Castell Group employs a staff of approximately 8,000 and does business in more than 120 countries.^[3]

Products

Malaysian tri-Grip pencils with eraser caps and a sharpener

Erasers

Polychromos pencil line

Slide rule

Ballpoint pens

Compass and technical pen

Beginning in the 1850s Faber started to use graphite from Siberia and cedar wood from Florida to produce its pencils.^[4]

Faber-Castell is well known for its brand of PITT Artist pens. The pens, used by comic and manga artists such as Adam Hughes,^[19] contain an India ink that is both acid-free and archival^{[clarification needed]}, and come in a variety of colors.^[20]

The following chart contains all the Faber-Castell product lines.^[21]

Category	Products
Professional Art and Graphic (Green Line)	Pencils (graphite and color), pastels, charcoals, erasers, sharpeners
Kids & School Art and Graphic (Red Line)	Pencils, watercolors, brushes, markers, crayons, erasers, sharpeners, modeling dough, oil pastels, papers, connector pens
Technical Drawing (Green Line)	Mechanical pencils, refills
Pens	Fountain pens, ballpoint pens, refills
Luxury Pens	Fountain pens, ballpoint pen
Papers	Notebooks, diaries, creative papers, reams, calendars

From about 1880 to 1975 Faber-Castell was also one of the world's major manufacturers of slide rules, the best known of which was the 2/83N.

Manufacturing

There are about 16 manufacturing plants (in 10 countries) which mainly manufacture writing instruments.^[22]

Country	Plant name	Year incorporated	Products manufactured
Costa Rica	Neily	1996	Pencils (graphite and colour)
Peru	Lima	1965	Erasers, rules and writing equipment, and finetip and colour markers
Colombia	Bogotá	1976	Wax crayons and drawing accessories
Brazil	Prata	1989	Nurseries for pine trees and sawmill
Brazil	Manaus	1989	Erasers, rules and writing equipment
Brazil	São Carlos	1950s	Pencils (graphite and colour), makeup, school line (pencils, sharpeners, poster and finger paints, crayons, markers) technical and fine arts line (permanent markers), office line (highlighter, executive and promotional pens), notebooks and creative papers
India	Goa	1998	Erasers, rules and writing equipment, and finetip and colour markers
Austria	Engelhartszell	1963	Highlighters and permanent-ink markers (manufacturing, assembly and paints)
Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	1978	Research & Development, Asia and Pacific office Sales, school line (pencils, erasers and writing products)
Nigeria	Enugu	1961	Makeup Products
China	Guangzhou	2000	school line (sharpeners, erasers and writing instruments)
Indonesia	Bekasi	1990	Pencils (graphite and colour)
Germany	Stein	1761	Research & Development, global sales and marketing office, school line (pencils, erasers and writing products), premium line (pencils, erasers and writing products)

References

^ Faber-Castell International. Office Products Archived 2009-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ Faber-Castell International. Products for FineArts and FineWriting Archived 2009-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b "Faber-Castell International: Facts & Figures". faber-castell.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Inside the oldest pencil company in the world". CNN. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
^ "History" Archived 2019-04-17 at the Wayback Machine. Faber-Castell International. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
^ "Baroness Ottilie von Faber (1831-1903): "Life is fleeting like a dream"". Faber-Castell. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b "The sixth generation". Faber-Castell. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Baron Lothar von Faber". Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Baron Lothar von Faber (1817 - 1896)". Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ "The Imperial Patent Office from 1891 to 1900". Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
^ "Marken - Registerauskunft". DPMAregister. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Compte Alexander von Faber-Castell". Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Count Alexander von Faber-Castell (1866–1928)". Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ "1881, usine A.W Faber de Noisy-le-Sec". Noisy le sec histoire (in French). 20 February 2016. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Comte Roland von Faber-Castell". Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Count Roland von Faber-Castell (1905–1978)". Faber-Castell. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b Nuremberg, Alex Ralph in (2024-02-18). "The blue blood that runs through the world's oldest pencils". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
^ ^a ^b "Faber-Castell: Pens, Pencils and a Whole lot of History!". www.hamiltonpens.com. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
^ Coulson, Steve. "Adam Hughes – Anatomy of a sketch, Pt3 – The Tools" Archived 2019-05-09 at the Wayback Machine YouTube; May 15, 2006, Accessed September 8, 2010
^ "Basic techniques with Pitt Artist Pens". Faber-Castell Canada. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
^ "Faber Castell products". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14.
^ Müller, Nicole. "The international Faber-Castell Production Sites". Faber-Castell. Archived from the original on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2016-05-15.

External links

[office-1] Faber-Castell International. Office Products Archived 2009-12-16 at the Wayback Machine

[arts-2] Faber-Castell International. Products for FineArts and FineWriting Archived 2009-12-15 at the Wayback Machine

[facts-3] "Faber-Castell International: Facts & Figures". faber-castell.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.

[CNN-4] "Inside the oldest pencil company in the world". CNN. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019.

[OfficialHistory-5] "History" Archived 2019-04-17 at the Wayback Machine. Faber-Castell International. Retrieved February 18, 2019.

[Tilly_PDF-6] "Baroness Ottilie von Faber (1831-1903): "Life is fleeting like a dream"". Faber-Castell. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[The_Sixth_Generation-7] "The sixth generation". Faber-Castell. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[250Ans_Lothar-8] "Baron Lothar von Faber". Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[Lothar_PDF-9] "Baron Lothar von Faber (1817 - 1896)". Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[Patent_Office_History-10] "The Imperial Patent Office from 1891 to 1900". Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.

[First_Faber_Trademark-11] "Marken - Registerauskunft". DPMAregister. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.

[250Ans_Alexander-12] "Compte Alexander von Faber-Castell". Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[Alexander_PDF-13] "Count Alexander von Faber-Castell (1866–1928)". Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[Noisy_History-14] "1881, usine A.W Faber de Noisy-le-Sec". Noisy le sec histoire (in French). 20 February 2016. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[250Ans_Roland-15] "Comte Roland von Faber-Castell". Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.

[Roland_PDF-16] "Count Roland von Faber-Castell (1905–1978)". Faber-Castell. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[:0-17] Nuremberg, Alex Ralph in (2024-02-18). "The blue blood that runs through the world's oldest pencils". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2024-02-18.

[:1-18] "Faber-Castell: Pens, Pencils and a Whole lot of History!". www.hamiltonpens.com. Retrieved 2024-02-18.

[YouTubePart3-19] Coulson, Steve. "Adam Hughes – Anatomy of a sketch, Pt3 – The Tools" Archived 2019-05-09 at the Wayback Machine YouTube; May 15, 2006, Accessed September 8, 2010

[20] "Basic techniques with Pitt Artist Pens". Faber-Castell Canada. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.

[21] "Faber Castell products". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14.

[22] Müller, Nicole. "The international Faber-Castell Production Sites". Faber-Castell. Archived from the original on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2016-05-15.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Infobox company
 | name = Faber-Castell AG
 | former_names = A.W. Faber Company
 | logo = Faber-Castell.svg
 | logo_size =
 | image = Stein_Faber-Castell.jpg
 | image_size =
 | image_caption = Faber-Castell-Werk in Stein
 | type = [[Joint stock company]] (''[[Aktiengesellschaft]]'')
 | fate =
 | industry = [[Stationery]]
+| predecessor = None
 | foundation = {{Start date and age|1761|df=yes}}
 | founder = [[Kaspar Faber]]
@@ Line 17: / Line 18: @@
 | location_country = [[Germany]]
 | area_served = Worldwide
-| key_people = {{ubl|Stefan Leitz ([[CEO]])|Constantin Neubeck ([[CFO]])|Countess Mary von [[Faber-Castell family|Faber-Castell]]}}
+| key_people = {{ubl|Stefan Leitz ([[CEO]])|Constantin Neubeck ([[CFO]])|Simon Hauser ([[Chief technology officer|CTO]])|Dirk Engehausen (Chairman of the Supervisory Board)}}
 | products = [[Art materials]], [[Writing instrument]]s
 | owner =
 | parent =
 | subsid =
 | brands = [[Graf von Faber-Castell]]
-| num_employees = 8,000 (2020)
+| num_employees = 6,500 (2024)
-| revenue = [[Euro|€]]555 million (2020)
+| revenue = [[Euro|€]] 649.2 million (2022/2023)
-| homepage = {{url|https://www.faber-castell.com/|faber-castell.com}}
+| homepage = {{URL|https://www.faber-castell.com/|faber-castell.com}}
 }}
-'''Faber-Castell AG''' is a manufacturer of [[pen]]s, [[pencil]]s, other [[office supplies]] (e.g., [[stapler]]s, [[slide rule]]s, [[eraser]]s, [[ruler]]s)<ref name="office">Faber-Castell International. [https://www.faber-castell.com/fields-of-competence/general-writing-marking Office Products] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216162606/http://www.faber-castell.de/13123/Products/Office-Products/index_news.aspx |date=2009-12-16 }}</ref> and [[art supplies]],<ref name="arts">Faber-Castell International. [https://www.faber-castell.com/fields-of-competence/art-graphic Products for FineArts and FineWriting] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215112036/http://www.faber-castell.de/21364/Products/Products-for-Fineart-and-Design/ART-GRAPHIC/index.aspx |date=2009-12-15 }}</ref> as well as high-end writing instruments and luxury leather goods. Headquartered in [[Stein, Bavaria|Stein]], Germany, it operates 14 factories and 20 sales units throughout the globe. The Faber-Castell Group employs a staff of approximately 8,000 and does business in more than 120 countries.<ref name="facts">{{cite web |title=Faber-Castell International: Facts & Figures |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/corporate/facts-figures |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407023106/https://www.faber-castell.com/corporate/facts-figures |archive-date=7 April 2022 |url-status=live |website=faber-castell.com |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref> The [[Faber-Castell family|House of Faber-Castell]] is the family which founded and continues to exercise leadership within the corporation. Faber-Castell manufactures about 2 billion pencils in more than 120 different colors every year.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web|title=Inside the oldest pencil company in the world|date=31 October 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2018/10/31/on-germany-faber-castell-factory-lon-orig.cnn-business/video/playlists/business-on-germany/|access-date=February 18, 2019|archive-date=5 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160750/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2018/10/31/on-germany-faber-castell-factory-lon-orig.cnn-business/video/playlists/business-on-germany/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+'''Faber-Castell AG''' is a German [[multinational corporation|multinational]] manufacturer of [[pen]]s, [[pencil]]s, other [[office supplies]] (e.g., [[stapler]]s, [[slide rule]]s, [[eraser]]s, [[ruler]]s)<ref name="office">Faber-Castell International. [https://www.faber-castell.com/fields-of-competence/general-writing-marking Office Products] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216162606/http://www.faber-castell.de/13123/Products/Office-Products/index_news.aspx |date=2009-12-16 }}</ref> and [[art supplies]],<ref name="arts">Faber-Castell International. [https://www.faber-castell.com/fields-of-competence/art-graphic Products for FineArts and FineWriting] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215112036/http://www.faber-castell.de/21364/Products/Products-for-Fineart-and-Design/ART-GRAPHIC/index.aspx |date=2009-12-15 }}</ref> as well as high-end writing instruments and luxury leather goods. Headquartered in [[Stein, Bavaria|Stein]], Germany, it operates 14 factories and 20 sales units throughout the globe. The Faber-Castell Group employs a staff of approximately 6,500 and does business in more than 120 countries.<ref name="facts">{{cite web |title=Faber-Castell International: Facts & Figures |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/corporate/facts-figures |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407023106/https://www.faber-castell.com/corporate/facts-figures |archive-date=7 April 2022 |url-status=live |website=faber-castell.com |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref> The [[Faber-Castell family|House of Faber-Castell]] is the family which founded and continues to exercise leadership within the corporation. Faber-Castell manufactures about 2 billion pencils in more than 120 different colors every year.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web|title=Inside the oldest pencil company in the world|date=31 October 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2018/10/31/on-germany-faber-castell-factory-lon-orig.cnn-business/video/playlists/business-on-germany/|access-date=February 18, 2019|archive-date=5 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160750/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2018/10/31/on-germany-faber-castell-factory-lon-orig.cnn-business/video/playlists/business-on-germany/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 == History ==
 [[File:Wappen_Faber-Castell.jpg|thumb|right|Coat of arms of Counts von Faber-Castell]]
-Faber-Castell was founded in 1761 in Stein, [[Germany]], by cabinet maker [[Kaspar Faber]] (1730–1784) as the A.W. Faber Company. It has remained in the Faber family for eight generations. The company expanded under Kaspar Faber's great-grandson, [[Johann Lothar Freiherr von Faber]] (1817–1896), and his wife, Ottilie.<ref name=OfficialHistory>[http://www.fabercastell.com/company/history "History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417162319/http://www.fabercastell.com/company/history |date=2019-04-17 }}. Faber-Castell International. Retrieved February 18, 2019.</ref><ref name="Tilly PDF">{{cite web |title=Baroness Ottilie von Faber (1831-1903): "Life is fleeting like a dream" |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Ottilie-sen-EN.ashx |website=Faber-Castell |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205151042/https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Ottilie-sen-EN.ashx |archive-date=5 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The Sixth Generation">{{cite web |title=The sixth generation |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/corporate/history/familiy/ottilie-alexander |website=Faber-Castell |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205021010/https://www.faber-castell.com/corporate/history/familiy/ottilie-alexander |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en-Glob |url-status=live}}</ref> Lothar opened branches in New York (1849), London (1851), Paris (1855), and expanded into Vienna (1872) and St. Petersburg (1874). The company also began offering products other than pencils, opening a factory in [[Geroldsgrün]], [[Bavaria]], where slide rules were produced, a slate factory in [[Geroldsgrün]], and producing ink and paint in [[Noisy-le-Sec]], near Paris.<ref name = "250Ans Lothar">{{cite book |title=Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell |url=https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205155128/https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en |chapter=Baron Lothar von Faber}}</ref><ref name = "Lothar PDF">{{cite web |title=Baron Lothar von Faber (1817 - 1896) |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Lothar-EN.ashx |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028055119/https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Lothar-EN.ashx |archive-date=28 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+=== Founding, Family Ownership, and Early Expansion (1761-1896) ===
-To combat counterfeit A.W. Faber products, Lothar Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart String Quartet No.15 In D Minor, K.421 -     2.Andante petitioned the [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] to put in place trademark protections in Germany. As a result, the Act on Trade Mark Protection came into effect in 1875, and protections were expanded in the 1894 Act on the Protection of Trade Marks. Lothar's first trademark was registered in 1894, with the registration number DE 43.<ref name = "Patent Office History">{{cite web |title=The Imperial Patent Office from 1891 to 1900 |url=https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/about_us/history/140yearsofthepatentoffice/1891-1900/index.html |website=Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt |access-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206175228/https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/about_us/history/140yearsofthepatentoffice/1891-1900/index.html |archive-date=6 December 2022 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name = "Lothar PDF"/><ref name = "First Faber Trademark">{{cite web |title=Marken - Registerauskunft |url=https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/marke/register/43/DE |website=DPMAregister |access-date=6 December 2022 |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206175643/https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/marke/register/43/DE |url-status=live }}</ref> Outside of Germany, the trademark was also registered in the United States (where it was one of the earliest ever registered), Russia, England, Spain, France, and Italy during Lothar's time at the head of the company. <ref name = "250Ans Lothar"/>
+Faber-Castell was founded in 1761 in Stein, [[Germany]], by cabinet maker [[Kaspar Faber]] (1730–1784) as the A.W. Faber Company. It has remained in the Faber family for eight generations. The company expanded under Kaspar Faber's great-grandson, [[Johann Lothar Freiherr von Faber]] (1817–1896), and his wife Ottilie.<ref name="OfficialHistory">[http://www.fabercastell.com/company/history "History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417162319/http://www.fabercastell.com/company/history |date=2019-04-17 }}. Faber-Castell International. Retrieved February 18, 2019.</ref><ref name="Tilly PDF">{{cite web |title=Baroness Ottilie von Faber (1831-1903): "Life is fleeting like a dream" |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Ottilie-sen-EN.ashx |website=Faber-Castell |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205151042/https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Ottilie-sen-EN.ashx |archive-date=5 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The Sixth Generation">{{cite web |title=The sixth generation |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/corporate/history/familiy/ottilie-alexander |website=Faber-Castell |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205021010/https://www.faber-castell.com/corporate/history/familiy/ottilie-alexander |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en-Glob |url-status=live}}</ref> Lothar opened branches in New York (1849), London (1851), Paris (1855), and expanded into Vienna (1872) and St. Petersburg (1874). The company also began offering products other than pencils, opening a factory in [[Geroldsgrün]], [[Bavaria]], where slide rules were produced, a slate factory in [[Geroldsgrün]], and producing ink and paint in [[Noisy-le-Sec]], near Paris.<ref name="250Ans Lothar">{{cite book |title=Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell |url=https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205155128/https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en |chapter=Baron Lothar von Faber|date=5 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Lothar PDF">{{cite web |title=Baron Lothar von Faber (1817 - 1896) |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Lothar-EN.ashx |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028055119/https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Lothar-EN.ashx |archive-date=28 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+==== Securing Global Recognition ====
-In 1898, Lothar's granddaughter and heiress, Ottilie "Tilly" von Faber, married Count Alexander zu [[Counts of Castell|Castell-Rüdenhausen]], and the couple became progenitors of the [[Faber-Castell family]].<ref name="The Sixth Generation"/> Seven years later, the company began producing a new line of pencils, called "Castell"; over the next few years, this line developed recognizable branding, featuring the green color of the pencils (chosen to match the color of Alexander's military regiment), a logo depicting a castle, and the motif of two jousting knights, which was used on packaging and in advertising. This motif originated with a painting, commissioned by Alexander, of two knights jousting with pencils, and would eventually become the inspiration behind the company's current logo.<ref name="250Ans Alexander">{{cite book |title=Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell |url=https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205155128/https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en |chapter=Compte Alexander von Faber-Castell}}</ref><ref name="Alexander PDF">{{cite web |title=Count Alexander von Faber-Castell (1866–1928) |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Alexander-EN.ashx |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205020952/https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Alexander-EN.ashx |archive-date=5 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> 1908 saw the release of the Polychromos coloured pencils, which continue to be made and widely used today.<ref name="250Ans Alexander"/>
+To combat counterfeit A.W. Faber products, Lothar petitioned the [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] to put in place trademark protections in Germany. As a result, the Act on Trade Mark Protection came into effect in 1875, and protections were expanded in the 1894 Act on the Protection of Trade Marks. Lothar's first trademark was registered in 1894, with the registration number DE 43.<ref name = "Patent Office History">{{cite web |title=The Imperial Patent Office from 1891 to 1900 |url=https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/about_us/history/140yearsofthepatentoffice/1891-1900/index.html |website=Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt |access-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206175228/https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/about_us/history/140yearsofthepatentoffice/1891-1900/index.html |archive-date=6 December 2022 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name = "Lothar PDF"/><ref name = "First Faber Trademark">{{cite web |title=Marken - Registerauskunft |url=https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/marke/register/43/DE |website=DPMAregister |access-date=6 December 2022 |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206175643/https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/marke/register/43/DE |url-status=live }}</ref> Outside of Germany, the trademark was also registered in the United States (where it was one of the earliest ever registered), Russia, England, Spain, France, and Italy during Lothar's time as the head of the company.<ref name = "250Ans Lothar"/>
+=== The Rise of "Castell" Pencils and the Jousting Knights Motif (1898-1908) ===
-As a German company, several of the Faber-Castell's foreign subsidiaries and branches in [[Allies of World War I|Allied countries]] were confiscated during [[World War I]]. Among them, the Faber-Castell properties in New York and Paris were eventually sold off.<ref name="Alexander PDF"/><ref name = "Noisy History">{{cite web |title=1881, usine A.W Faber de Noisy-le-Sec |url=http://www.noisylesec-histoire.fr/2016/02/1881-usine-a-w-faber-de-noisy-le-sec/ |website=Noisy le sec histoire |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205221401/http://www.noisylesec-histoire.fr/2016/02/1881-usine-a-w-faber-de-noisy-le-sec/ |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=fr-FR |date=20 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nevertheless, the company survived and saw further growth following the war with the construction of new, expanded manufacturing facilities and new company acquisitions. The company's name was also officially changed following Alexander's death in 1928, becoming A.W. Faber "Castell" Bleistiftfabrik (Pencil Company). <ref name="Alexander PDF"/> Alexander's son, Roland von Faber-Castell, took over as head of the company after his father's death, at the beginning of the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s. To mitigate the effects of this downturn, the company entered into an agreement with Johann Faber, the eponymous pencil company founded by Lothar's brother, in 1932. <ref name="250Ans Roland">{{cite book |title=Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell |url=https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |access-date=7 December 2022 |chapter=Comte Roland von Faber-Castell |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205155128/https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |url-status=live }}</ref> The two shared resources in an effort to operate more efficiently and bring down their costs. In the following years, Roland gradually bought up shares of Johann Faber until it was fully acquired (along with its Brazilian subsidiary) in 1942. Johann Faber was the company which originally produced the Goldfaber line of colored pencils, which were made by Faber-Castell following the acquisition. Faber-Castell also acquired the [[fountain pen]] maker Osmia during this period.<ref name = "250Ans Roland/><ref name="Roland PDF">{{cite web |title=Count Roland von Faber-Castell (1905–1978) |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Roland-EN.ashx |website=Faber-Castell |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205012826/https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Roland-EN.ashx |archive-date=5 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Also in 1942, the company went through another name change, becoming A. W. Faber-Castell. <ref name = "Alexander PDF"/>
+In 1898, Lothar's granddaughter and heiress, Ottilie "Tilly" von Faber, married Count Alexander zu [[Counts of Castell|Castell-Rüdenhausen]], and the couple became progenitors of the [[Faber-Castell family]].<ref name="The Sixth Generation" /> Seven years later, the company began producing a new line of pencils, called "Castell"; over the next few years, this line developed recognizable branding, featuring the green color of the pencils (chosen to match the color of Alexander's military regiment), a logo depicting a castle, and the motif of two [[jousting]] knights, which was used on packaging and in advertising. This motif originated with a painting, commissioned by Alexander, of two knights jousting with pencils, and would eventually become the inspiration behind the company's current logo.<ref name="250Ans Alexander">{{cite book |title=Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell |url=https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205155128/https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en |chapter=Compte Alexander von Faber-Castell|date=5 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Alexander PDF">{{cite web |title=Count Alexander von Faber-Castell (1866–1928) |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Alexander-EN.ashx |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205020952/https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Alexander-EN.ashx |archive-date=5 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> 1908 saw the release of the Polychromos [[Colored pencil|coloured pencils]], which continue to be made and widely used today.<ref name="250Ans Alexander" />
+=== World War I ===
-In the years following [[World War II]], the company expanded internationally into Ireland, Austria, Peru, Australia, and Argentina, as well as re-acquiring several subsidiaries which had been lost in wartime. <ref name = "Roland PDF"/> It also began offering new products, such as a mechanical pencil, ballpoint pens, plastic slide rules (instead of wood), and an India ink drawing pen.<ref name = "250Ans Roland"/> The Faber-Castell logo was changed in 1950 to an oval design, incorporating the Faber-Castell family crest and the green color which the company had been using since 1905.<ref name = "250Ans Roland"/><ref name = "Alexander PDF"/>
+As a German company, several of the Faber-Castell's foreign subsidiaries and branches in [[Allies of World War I|Allied countries]] were confiscated during [[World War I]]. Among them, the Faber-Castell properties in New York and Paris were eventually sold off.<ref name="Alexander PDF" /><ref name="Noisy History">{{cite web |title=1881, usine A.W Faber de Noisy-le-Sec |url=http://www.noisylesec-histoire.fr/2016/02/1881-usine-a-w-faber-de-noisy-le-sec/ |website=Noisy le sec histoire |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205221401/http://www.noisylesec-histoire.fr/2016/02/1881-usine-a-w-faber-de-noisy-le-sec/ |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=fr-FR |date=20 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nevertheless, the company survived and saw further growth following the war with the construction of new, expanded manufacturing facilities and new company acquisitions. The company's name was also officially changed following Alexander's death in 1928, becoming A.W. Faber "Castell" Bleistiftfabrik (Pencil Company).<ref name="Alexander PDF" />
+=== The Great Depression and World War II ===
+As the [[Great Depression]] cast its long shadow over the global economy in the early 1930s, Alexander's son, Roland von Faber-Castell, inherited the leadership of the company. Facing economic hardship, Roland sought strategic partnerships to weather the storm. In 1932, a collaboration with Johann Faber, a rival pencil company founded by Lothar Faber's brother, was established.<ref name="250Ans Roland">{{cite book |url=https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |title=Les 250 Ans de Faber-Castell |chapter=Comte Roland von Faber-Castell |date=5 July 2011 |access-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205155128/https://issuu.com/faber-castell/docs/magazine_anniversaire |archive-date=5 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The two shared resources in an effort to operate more efficiently and bring down their costs. In the following years, Roland gradually bought up shares of Johann Faber until it was fully acquired (along with its Brazilian subsidiary) in 1942. This strategic move brought the popular Goldfaber colored pencil line under the Faber-Castell umbrella. During this period, further expansion came through the acquisition of the renowned [[fountain pen]] maker, Osmia.<ref name="250Ans Roland" /><ref name="Roland PDF">{{cite web |title=Count Roland von Faber-Castell (1905–1978) |url=https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Roland-EN.ashx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205012826/https://www.faber-castell.com/-/media/Faber-Castell-new/Corporate/History/family/corporate-kit/EN/Roland-EN.ashx |archive-date=5 December 2022 |access-date=5 December 2022 |website=Faber-Castell}}</ref>
+In 1939, the Third Reich seized the Stein Castle near Nuremberg, previously owned by Count Roland von Faber-Castell, a seventh-generation head of the Faber-Castell pencil manufacturing company.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Nuremberg |first=Alex Ralph in |date=2024-02-18 |title=The blue blood that runs through the world's oldest pencils |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-blue-blood-that-runs-through-the-worlds-oldest-pencils-r80ms65gfbn |access-date=2024-02-18 |language=en |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> The Nazis removed Count Faber-Castell from his leadership position and reportedly used the castle's bell tower for [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] bombing raid interception.<ref name=":0" /> Count Roland von Faber-Castell was drafted into the German military, which resulted in a shift in leadership for the Faber-Castell company. At this time, the first non-family CEO was appointed by the Nazi party.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Faber-Castell: Pens, Pencils and a Whole lot of History! |url=https://www.hamiltonpens.com/blogs/articles/faber-castell-pens-pencils-and-a-whole-lot-of-history |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=www.hamiltonpens.com |language=en}}</ref> Amidst managerial changes, Count Roland's wife, Nina, converted the company into a [[sole proprietorship]], effectively regaining control. By 1942, the company had been renamed A. W. Faber-Castell.<ref name="Alexander PDF" /><ref name=":1" />
+In the years following [[World War II]], the company expanded internationally into Ireland, Austria, Brazil, Peru, Australia, and Argentina, as well as re-acquiring several subsidiaries which had been lost in wartime.<ref name="Roland PDF" /> It also began offering new products, such as a [[mechanical pencil]], [[ballpoint pen]]s, [[Slide rule|plastic slide rules]] (instead of wood), and an [[India ink]] drawing pen.<ref name="250Ans Roland" /> The Faber-Castell logo was changed in 1950 to an oval design, incorporating the Faber-Castell family crest and the green color which the company had been using since 1905.<ref name="250Ans Roland" /><ref name="Alexander PDF" />
 Today, the company operates 10 factories and 22 sales units, with six in Europe, four in Asia, three in North America, five in South America, and one each in Australia and New Zealand. The Faber-Castell Group employs a staff of approximately 8,000 and does business in more than 120 countries.<ref name="facts"/>
@@ Line 62: / Line 73: @@
 Beginning in the 1850s Faber started to use [[graphite]] from Siberia and [[Cedar (plant)|cedar]] wood from Florida to produce its pencils.<ref name=CNN/>
-Faber-Castell is well known for its Johann Pachelbel - Canon In D Major brand of PITT Artist [[pen]]s. The pens, used by [[comics|comic]] and [[manga]] artists such as [[Adam Hughes]],<ref name=YouTubePart3>Coulson, Steve. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrzZffdJD_k "Adam Hughes – Anatomy of a sketch, Pt3 – The Tools"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509174104/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrzZffdJD_k |date=2019-05-09 }} [[YouTube]]; May 15, 2006, Accessed September 8, 2010</ref> contain an [[India ink]] that is both acid-free and [[archive|archival]]{{clarify|date=November 2022}}, and come in a variety of colors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Basic techniques with Pitt Artist Pens |url=https://www.faber-castell.ca/tutorials/Artists/basic-technique-pitt-artist-pen |website=Faber-Castell Canada |access-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205001209/https://www.faber-castell.ca/tutorials/Artists/basic-technique-pitt-artist-pen |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en-CA |url-status=live}}</ref>
+Faber-Castell is well known for its brand of PITT Artist [[pen]]s. The pens, used by [[comics|comic]] and [[manga]] artists such as [[Adam Hughes]],<ref name=YouTubePart3>Coulson, Steve. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrzZffdJD_k "Adam Hughes – Anatomy of a sketch, Pt3 – The Tools"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509174104/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrzZffdJD_k |date=2019-05-09 }} [[YouTube]]; May 15, 2006, Accessed September 8, 2010</ref> contain an [[India ink]] that is both acid-free and [[archive|archival]]{{clarify|date=November 2022}}, and come in a variety of colors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Basic techniques with Pitt Artist Pens |url=https://www.faber-castell.ca/tutorials/Artists/basic-technique-pitt-artist-pen |website=Faber-Castell Canada |access-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205001209/https://www.faber-castell.ca/tutorials/Artists/basic-technique-pitt-artist-pen |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en-CA |url-status=live}}</ref>
 The following chart contains all the Faber-Castell product lines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faber-castell.us/19244/Products/Refills/index_ebene2.aspx |title=Faber Castell products |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714140128/http://www.faber-castell.us/19244/Products/Refills/index_ebene2.aspx |archivedate=2011-07-14 }}</ref>
@@ Line 85: / Line 96: @@
 ==Manufacturing==
-There are about 16 manufacturing plants Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart String Quartet No.23 In F Major, K.590 “Prussian No.3” - 4.Allegro (in 10 countries) which mainly manufacture writing instruments.<ref>{{cite web |first=Nicole |last=Müller |title=The international Faber-Castell Production Sites |url=http://www.faber-castell.com.au/44895/The-Company/The-international-Faber-Castell-Production-Sites/fcv2_index.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611105427/http://www.faber-castell.com.au/44895/The-Company/The-international-Faber-Castell-Production-Sites/fcv2_index.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-11 |url-status=dead |publisher=Faber-Castell |access-date=2016-05-15}}</ref>
+There are about 16 manufacturing plants (in 10 countries) which mainly manufacture writing instruments.<ref>{{cite web |first=Nicole |last=Müller |title=The international Faber-Castell Production Sites |url=http://www.faber-castell.com.au/44895/The-Company/The-international-Faber-Castell-Production-Sites/fcv2_index.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611105427/http://www.faber-castell.com.au/44895/The-Company/The-international-Faber-Castell-Production-Sites/fcv2_index.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-11 |url-status=dead |publisher=Faber-Castell |access-date=2016-05-15}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
@@ Line 95: / Line 106: @@
 | Peru || [[Lima]] || 1965 || Erasers, rules and writing equipment, and finetip and colour markers
 |-
-| Colombia || [[Bogotá]] || 1976 || Wax crayons and drawing accessories
+| Colombia || [[Bogotá]] || 1976 || [[Crayon|Wax crayons]] and drawing accessories
 |-
 | Brazil || [[Prata (Minas Gerais)|Prata]] || 1989 || Nurseries for pine trees and sawmill
@@ Line 101: / Line 112: @@
 | Brazil|| [[Manaus]] || 1989 ||  Erasers, rules and writing equipment
 |-
-| Brazil|| [[São Carlos]] || 1950s ||  Pencils (graphite and colour), makeup, school line (pencils, sharpeners, poster and finger paints, crayons,markers) technical and fine arts line (permanent markers), office line (highlighter, executive and promotional pens),notebooks and creative papers
+| Brazil|| [[São Carlos]] || 1950s ||  Pencils (graphite and colour), [[Cosmetics|makeup]], school line (pencils, sharpeners, poster and finger paints, crayons, markers) technical and fine arts line (permanent markers), office line ([[highlighter]], executive and promotional pens), notebooks and creative papers
 |-
 | India || [[Goa]] || 1998 || Erasers, rules and writing equipment, and finetip and colour markers
@@ Line 122: / Line 133: @@
 * [[Graf von Faber-Castell]]
 * [[Faber-Castell family]]
+* [[Eberhard Faber]]
 * [[Staedtler]]
 * [[Rotring]]
@@ Line 132: / Line 144: @@
 * {{Official website}}
 * [https://www.graf-von-faber-castell.com/ Graf von Faber-Castell – Luxury writing instruments]
-* [http://www.sliderulemuseum.com/isrm/hmd Faber-Castell slide rule collection]
+* [http://www.sliderulemuseum.com/isrm/hmd Faber-Castell slide rule collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319134017/https://www.sliderulemuseum.com/isrm/hmd/ |date=2021-03-19 }}
 * [http://www.economist.com/node/17043890?story_id=17043890&CFID=148350506&CFTOKEN=68721964 Faber-Castell: The future of the pencil]
 * [http://www.erasersworld.com/eng/faber.htm Faber-Castell's eraser collection]

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