Maria Laskarina: Difference between revisions

Maria Laskarina
Maria Laskarina
	Stephen is crowned as rex iunior by his parents, King Béla IV and Queen Maria, as depicted in the Illuminated Chronicle
Queen consort of Hungary
Tenure	1235–1270
Born	c. 1206
Died	16 July or 24 June 1270
Spouse	Béla IV of Hungary
Issue	Margaret de Saint-Omer,; Saint Kinga, Queen of Poland; Anna, Baness of Slavonia; Catherine of Hungary (died young); Elisabeth, Duchess of Bavaria; Constance, Queen of Galicia; Yolande, Duchess of Greater Poland; Stephen V of Hungary,; Saint Margaret of Hungary; Béla, Duke of Slavonia;
House	Laskaris
Father	Theodore I Laskaris
Mother	Anna Angelina

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Maria Laskarina (Hungarian: Laszkarisz Mária, c. 1206 – 16 July or 24 June 1270) was a Greek Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to King Béla IV of Hungary. She was the daughter of Theodore I Laskaris and Anna Komnena Angelina.^[1]

Life

She was a younger sister of Irene Lascarina, first Empress consort of John III Doukas Vatatzes. Theodore married his eldest daughter to his designated heir in 1212. Theodore was widowed in the same year and proceeded to marriages with Philippa of Armenia and Marie de Courtenay.^[1] However John was never displaced in succession.

As a younger daughter, the marriage of Maria was not intended to add a potential husband in the line of succession to the throne. Instead it secured a marital alliance with the Kingdom of Hungary.

In 1218, Maria was married to prince Béla of Hungary,^[1] and became Roman Catholic, converting from Greek Orthodoxy, her religion by birth. Bride and groom were about twelve-years-old. Her husband was the eldest son of Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania.^[2]

King Andrew II of Hungary died on 21 September 1235. The crown prince succeeded him as King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria became queen consort. Béla reigned for thirty-five years and died on 3 May 1270. Maria survived him by about two months. According to the 15th-century Formulary Book of Somogyvár, she died on 23 July 1270 and was buried in the church of the Franciscans in Esztergom.

During the Mongol Invasion of Hungary, Maria and her children were sent by Béla to the Fortress of Klis, Split, along with many other Hungarian noblewomen who had been widowed by the Tatars.^[3] She supported her husband against their son Stephen during the 1260s civil wars.

Children

Maria and Béla IV of Hungary had:

Saint Kinga of Hungary (5 March 1224 – 24 July 1292), also known as Kunigunda. She was married to King Boleslaus V of Poland,^[4] after his death becoming a nun and abbess; she was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1999.
Margaret of Hungary (c. 1225 – 20 April 1242).^[4] Betrothed to William of Saint Omer.^[5]
Anna of Hungary (c. 1226 – after 1270). Married Rostislav of Slavonia, Duke of Chernigov^[4]
Catherine of Hungary (c. 1229–1242). She died while fleeing with her family following the Battle of Mohi.
Blessed Yolanda of Hungary (c. 1235–1298) married Boleslaus of Greater Poland,^[4] later became a nun and abbess, who has been declared as a candidate for sainthood.
Elizabeth of Hungary (c. 1236 – 24 October 1271). Married Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria^[4]
Constance of Hungary (c. 1237 – after 1252). Married Leo I of Halych^[4]
Stephen V of Hungary (December 1239 – 6 August 1272)^[4]
Saint Margaret of Hungary (27 January 1242 – 18 January 1271)^[4] Named after an older sister. Canonized by the Roman Catholic Church in 1943, for whom Margaret Island in Budapest is named, having been the place where a royal monastery was established by her parents for her.
Béla, Duke of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia (c. 1249–1269). Married Kunigunde of Brandenburg,^[4] a daughter of Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg. His widow married Waleran IV of Limburg.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Maria Laskarina

4. Manuel Laskaris

2. Theodore I Laskaris

5. Ioanna Karatzaina

1. Maria Laskarina

24. Constantine Angelos

12. Andronikos Doukas Angelos

25. Theodora Komnene

6. Alexios III Angelos

13. Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa

3. Anna Komnene Angelina

7. Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Angold 2011, p. 52.
^ Klaniczay 2002, p. 438.
^ "'Spurred on by the Fear of Death': Refugees and Displaced Populations during the Mongol Invasion of Hungary » de Re Militari".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Klaniczay 2002, p. 439.
^ Bon, Antoine (1969). La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe, 707

Sources

Angold, Michael (2011). "The Latin Empire of Constantinople, 1204–1261: Marriage Strategies". Identities and Allegiances in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 47–68. ISBN 9781409410980.
Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. London & New York: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781850439776.
Klaniczay, Gábor (2002). Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe. Translated by Palmai, Eva. Cambridge University Press.
Moravcsik, Gyula (1970). Byzantium and the Magyars. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

External links

Marek, Miroslav. "Euweb/Arpad Genealogy". Genealogy.EU.

Royal titles
Maria Laskarina Laskarid dynasty Born: c. 1206 Died: 1270
Preceded by Beatrice D'Este	Queen consort of Hungary 1235–1270	Succeeded by Elizabeth the Cuman

[FOOTNOTEAngold201152-1] Angold 2011, p. 52.

[FOOTNOTEKlaniczay2002438-2] Klaniczay 2002, p. 438.

[3] "'Spurred on by the Fear of Death': Refugees and Displaced Populations during the Mongol Invasion of Hungary » de Re Militari".

[FOOTNOTEKlaniczay2002439-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Klaniczay 2002, p. 439.

[5] Bon, Antoine (1969). La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe, 707

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Queen consort of Hungary (c. 1206 – 1270)}}
 {{Infobox royalty
 | name = Maria Laskarina
@@ Line 9: / Line 10: @@
 | issue          = {{plainlist|
 * Margaret de Saint-Omer,
-* [[Kinga of Poland|Saint Kinga, Queen of Poland]],
+* [[Kinga of Poland|Saint Kinga, Queen of Poland]]
-* [[Anna of Hungary, Baness of Slavonia|Anna, Baness of Slavonia]],
+* [[Anna of Hungary, Baness of Slavonia|Anna, Baness of Slavonia]]
-* Catherine of Hungary (died young),
+* Catherine of Hungary (died young)
-* [[Elisabeth of Hungary (d.1271)|Elisabeth, Duchess of Bavaria]],
+* [[Elisabeth of Hungary (d.1271)|Elisabeth, Duchess of Bavaria]]
 * [[Constance of Hungary, Queen of Galicia | Constance, Queen of Galicia]]
-* [[Jolenta of Poland|Yolande, Duchess of Greater Poland]],
+* [[Jolenta of Poland|Yolande, Duchess of Greater Poland]]
 * [[Stephen V of Hungary]],
-* [[Saint Margaret of Hungary]],
+* [[Saint Margaret of Hungary]]
 * [[Béla, Duke of Slavonia]]
 }}
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 |spouse = [[Béla IV of Hungary]]}}
-'''Maria Laskarina''' (c. 1206 – 16 July or 24 June 1270) was a [[Greeks|Greek]] Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to [[Béla IV of Hungary]]. She was the daughter of [[Theodore I Laskaris]] and [[Anna Komnena Angelina]].{{sfn|Angold|2011|p=52}}
+'''Maria Laskarina''' ({{langx|hu|Laszkarisz Mária}}, c. 1206 – 16 July or 24 June 1270) was a [[Greeks|Greek]] Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to King [[Béla IV of Hungary]]. She was the daughter of [[Theodore I Laskaris]] and [[Anna Komnena Angelina]].{{sfn|Angold|2011|p=52}}
 ==Life==
@@ Line 35: / Line 36: @@
 As a younger daughter, the marriage of Maria was not intended to add a potential husband in the line of succession to the throne. Instead it secured a marital alliance with the [[Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages|Kingdom of Hungary]].
+[[File:Laszkarisz Mária királyné pecsétje - 1270.jpg|alt=Queen consort Maria Laskarina, royal, seal, Hungary, double cross, Hungarian coat of arm|left|thumb|The seal (1270) of Queen consort Maria Laskarina]]
+In 1218, Maria was married to prince [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla of Hungary]],{{sfn|Angold|2011|p=52}} and became Roman Catholic, converting from Greek Orthodoxy, her religion by birth. Bride and groom were about twelve-years-old. Her husband was the eldest son of [[Andrew II of Hungary]] and [[Gertrude of Merania]].{{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=438}}
-In 1218, Maria was married to prince [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla of Hungary]],{{sfn|Angold|2011|p=52}} and became Roman Catholic, converting from Greek Orthodoxy, her religion by birth. Bride and groom were about twelve-years-old. Her husband was the eldest son of [[Andrew II of Hungary]] and [[Gertrude of Merania]].
+King [[Andrew II of Hungary]] died on 21 September 1235. The crown prince succeeded him as King [[Béla IV of Hungary]] and Maria became queen consort. Béla reigned for thirty-five years and died on 3 May 1270. Maria survived him by about two months. According to the 15th-century [[Formulary Book of Somogyvár]], she died on 23 July 1270 and was buried in the church of the [[Franciscans]] in [[Esztergom]].
-Andrew II died on 26 October 1235. The crown prince succeeded him as Béla IV and Maria became queen. Béla reigned for thirty-five years and died on 3 May 1270. Maria survived him by about two months. According to the 15th-century [[Formulary Book of Somogyvár]], she died on 23 July 1270 and was buried in the church of the [[Franciscans]] in [[Esztergom]].
 During the Mongol Invasion of Hungary, Maria and her children were sent by Béla to the [[Fortress of Klis]], [[Split, Croatia|Split]], along with many other Hungarian noblewomen who had been widowed by the Tatars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://deremilitari.org/2014/08/spurred-on-by-the-fear-of-death-refugees-and-displaced-populations-during-the-mongol-invasion-of-hungary/|title = 'Spurred on by the Fear of Death': Refugees and Displaced Populations during the Mongol Invasion of Hungary » de Re Militari}}</ref> She supported her husband against their son Stephen during the [[Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265)|1260s civil wars]].
 ==Children==
-Maria and [[Béla IV of Hungary]] had ten children:
+Maria and [[Béla IV of Hungary]] had:
-*Saint [[Kinga of Poland|Kunegunda of Hungary]] (5 March 1224 – 24 July 1292), also known as Kinga. She was married to King [[Boleslaus V of Poland]], after his death becoming a nun and abbess; she was [[canonization|canonized]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in 1999.
+*Saint [[Kinga of Poland|Kinga of Hungary]] (5 March 1224 – 24 July 1292), also known as Kunigunda. She was married to King [[Boleslaus V of Poland]],{{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}} after his death becoming a nun and abbess; she was [[canonization|canonized]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in 1999.
-*Margaret of Hungary (c. 1225 – 20 April 1242).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Klaniczay|first=Gábor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz12J0Eb9eUC&q=Maria+and+B%C3%A9la+IV+of+Hungary+had+ten+children%3A+marget&pg=PA205|title=Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe|date=2002-03-14|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-42018-1|language=en}}</ref> Betrothed to [[William of Saint Omer (son of Nicholas I)|William of Saint Omer]].<ref>Bon, Antoine (1969). La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe, 707</ref>
+*Margaret of Hungary (c. 1225 – 20 April 1242).{{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}} Betrothed to [[William of Saint Omer (son of Nicholas I)|William of Saint Omer]].<ref>Bon, Antoine (1969). La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe, 707</ref>
-*[[Anna of Hungary, Baness of Slavonia|Anna of Hungary]] (c. 1226 – after 1270). Married [[Rostislav of Slavonia]].
+*[[Anna of Hungary, Baness of Slavonia|Anna of Hungary]] (c. 1226 – after 1270). Married [[Rostislav of Slavonia]], Duke of Chernigov{{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}}
 *Catherine of Hungary (c. 1229–1242). She died while fleeing with her family following the [[Battle of Mohi]].
+*Blessed [[Jolenta of Poland|Yolanda of Hungary]] (c. 1235–1298) married [[Boleslaus of Greater Poland]],{{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}} later became a nun and abbess, who has been declared as a candidate for [[saint]]hood.
-*[[Elisabeth of Hungary (d.1271)|Elizabeth of Hungary]] (c. 1236 – 24 October 1271). Married [[Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria]].
-*[[Constance of Hungary, Queen of Galicia|Constance of Hungary]] (c. 1237 – after 1252). Married [[Leo I of Halych]].
+*[[Elisabeth of Hungary (d.1271)|Elizabeth of Hungary]] (c. 1236 – 24 October 1271). Married [[Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria]]{{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}}
+*[[Constance of Hungary, Queen of Galicia|Constance of Hungary]] (c. 1237 – after 1252). Married [[Leo I of Halych]]{{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}}
-*Blessed [[Jolenta of Poland|Yolanda of Hungary]] (c. 1238–1298). Married [[Boleslaus of Greater Poland]]. Later became a nun and abbess, who has been declared as a candidate for [[saint]]hood.
-*[[Stephen V of Hungary]] (December 1239 – 6 August 1272).
+*[[Stephen V of Hungary]] (December 1239 – 6 August 1272){{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}}
-*[[Saint Margaret of Hungary]] (27 January 1242 – 18 January 1271). Named after an older sister. Canonized by the Roman Catholic Church in 1943, for whom [[Margitsziget|Margaret Island]] in [[Budapest]] is named, having been the place where a royal monastery was established by her parents for her.
+*[[Saint Margaret of Hungary]] (27 January 1242 – 18 January 1271){{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}} Named after an older sister. Canonized by the Roman Catholic Church in 1943, for whom [[Margitsziget|Margaret Island]] in [[Budapest]] is named, having been the place where a royal monastery was established by her parents for her.
-*[[Béla, Duke of Slavonia|Béla, Duke of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia]] (c. 1243–1269). Married Kunigunde of Brandenburg, a daughter of [[Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg]]. His widow married [[Waleran IV of Limburg]].
+*[[Béla, Duke of Slavonia|Béla, Duke of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia]] (c. 1249–1269). Married Kunigunde of Brandenburg,{{sfn|Klaniczay|2002|p=439}} a daughter of [[Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg]]. His widow married [[Waleran IV of Limburg]].
 ==Ancestors==
@@ Line 82: / Line 84: @@
 ==Sources==
 {{refbegin|2}}
-* {{Cite book|last=Engel|first=Pál|title=The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526|year=2001|location=London & New York|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781850439776|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vEJNBqanT_8C}}
 * {{Cite book|last=Angold|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Angold|chapter=The Latin Empire of Constantinople, 1204–1261: Marriage Strategies|title=Identities and Allegiances in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204|year=2011|location=Farnham|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited|pages=47–68|isbn=9781409410980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_mazcfdpVIC}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Engel|first=Pál|title=The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526|year=2001|location=London & New York|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781850439776|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vEJNBqanT_8C}}
+* {{cite book |title=Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe |first=Gábor |last=Klaniczay |translator-first=Eva |translator-last=Palmai |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 }}
 * {{Cite book|last=Moravcsik|first=Gyula|authorlink=Gyula Moravcsik|title=Byzantium and the Magyars|year=1970|location=Budapest|publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyAiAAAAMAAJ}}
 * {{Cite book|last=Ostrogorsky|first=George|authorlink=George Ostrogorsky|year=1956|title=History of the Byzantine State|location=Oxford|publisher=Basil Blackwell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ}}
@@ Line 108: / Line 111: @@
 [[Category:13th-century Byzantine women]]
 [[Category:13th-century Hungarian women]]
-[[Category:Byzantine queens consort]]
+[[Category:Eastern Orthodox saints]]
-[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy]]
+[[Category:Queens consort of Hungary]]
-[[Category:Former Greek Orthodox Christians]]
-[[Category:Greek Roman Catholics]]
-[[Category:Hungarian queens consort]]
 [[Category:Laskarid dynasty|Maria]]
 [[Category:House of Árpád]]
 [[Category:Greek expatriates in Hungary]]
 [[Category:Daughters of Byzantine emperors]]
-[[Category:Queen mothers]]
+[[Category:Hungarian queen mothers]]

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