Article-level metrics: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Measurements designed to measure scholarly article impact}} |
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'''Article-level metrics''' are [[citation metrics]] which measure the usage and impact of individual [[scholarly article]]s. |
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{{Citation metrics}} |
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'''Article-level metrics''' are [[citation metrics]] which measure the usage and impact of individual [[scholarly article]]s. The most common article-level citation metric is the number of citations.<ref name="i555">{{cite journal | last=Tahamtan | first=Iman | last2=Safipour Afshar | first2=Askar | last3=Ahamdzadeh | first3=Khadijeh | title=Factors affecting number of citations: a comprehensive review of the literature | journal=Scientometrics | volume=107 | issue=3 | date=2016 | issn=0138-9130 | doi=10.1007/s11192-016-1889-2 | pages=1195–1225}}</ref> |
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Field-weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) by [[Scopus]] divides the total citations by the average number of citations for an article in the [[Branches of science|scientific field]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooke |first1=Bec |title=Guides: Research Metrics: Field-Weighted Citation Impact |url=https://libguides.usc.edu.au/researchmetrics/researchmetrics-field-weighted-citation-impact |website=libguides.usc.edu.au |language=en}}</ref> |
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Alternative article-level metrics include the CD index, a measure of the [[disruptive innovation|disruptiveness]] of an article.<ref name="u950">{{cite journal | last=Funk | first=Russell J. | last2=Owen-Smith | first2=Jason | title=A Dynamic Network Measure of Technological Change | journal=Management Science | volume=63 | issue=3 | date=2017 | issn=0025-1909 | doi=10.1287/mnsc.2015.2366 | pages=791–817}}</ref><ref name="w782">{{cite journal | last=Park | first=Michael | last2=Leahey | first2=Erin | last3=Funk | first3=Russell J. | title=Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time | journal=Nature | volume=613 | issue=7942 | date=5 January 2023 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05543-x | doi-access=free | pages=138–144}}</ref> |
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==Adoption== |
==Adoption== |
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Traditionally, [[bibliometrics]] have been used to evaluate the usage and impact of research, but have usually been focused on journal-level metrics such as the [[impact factor]] or researcher-level metrics such as the [[h-index]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Article-Level Metrics|url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/initiatives/article-level-metrics|work=SPARC| |
Traditionally, [[bibliometrics]] have been used to evaluate the usage and impact of research, but have usually been focused on journal-level metrics such as the [[impact factor]] or researcher-level metrics such as the [[h-index]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Article-Level Metrics|url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/initiatives/article-level-metrics|work=SPARC|access-date=13 March 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325033941/http://www.sparc.arl.org/initiatives/article-level-metrics|url-status=dead}}</ref> Article-level metrics, on the other hand, may demonstrate the impact of an individual article. This is related to, but distinct from, [[altmetrics]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Article-Level Metrics: A Sparc Primer|url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/sites/default/files/sparc-alm-primer.pdf|work=SPARC|access-date=13 March 2014|date=April 2013|archive-date=13 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313155739/http://www.sparc.arl.org/sites/default/files/sparc-alm-primer.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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Starting in March 2009, the [[Public Library of Science]] introduced article-level metrics for all articles.<ref>{{cite |
Starting in March 2009, the [[Public Library of Science]] introduced article-level metrics for all articles.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.plosone.org/enwiki/static/almInfo.action |title=Article-Level Metrics Information |journal=Lagotto |publisher=PLoS ONE |date=2005-07-01 |access-date=2012-05-29|last1=Fenner |first1=Martin }}</ref> |
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The [[open access]] publisher [[PLOS]] provides article level metrics for all of its journals<ref>{{cite web|title=Overview|url=http://article-level-metrics.plos.org/alm-info/|work=PLOS: Article-Level Metrics| |
The [[open access]] publisher [[PLOS]] provides article level metrics for all of its journals<ref>{{cite web|title=Overview|url=http://article-level-metrics.plos.org/alm-info/|work=PLOS: Article-Level Metrics|access-date=13 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214044604/http://article-level-metrics.plos.org/alm-info/|archive-date=14 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> including downloads, citations, and altmetrics.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pattinson|first=Damian|title=The future is open: opportunities for publishers and institutions|journal=Insights|date=March 2014|volume=27|issue=1|doi=10.1629/2048-7754.139|pages=38–44|doi-access=free}}</ref> In March 2014 it was announced that COUNTER statistics, which measure usage of online scholarly resources, are now available at the article level.<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction to Release 1 of the COUNTER Code of Practice for Articles|url=http://www.projectcounter.org/counterarticles.html|work=COUNTER|access-date=21 March 2014|archive-date=22 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322043103/http://www.projectcounter.org/counterarticles.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==The Individual Impact Index Statistic (i³)== |
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Reliable article-level metrics are not widespread, and are often reserved to non-standardized characteristics of individual articles, such as views, citations, downloads, and mentions in social and news media. These characteristics are known as “altmetrics”. However, when the number of views and citations are similar between two articles, no discriminating measure currently exists with which to assess and compare each article’s individual impact. Given the modern exponentially-growing scientific literature, scientists and readers of science need reliable, objective methods for managing, measuring and comparing research outputs and publications. This is where the "Individual Impact Index" Statistic, or i³ for short, comes in. The Individual Impact Index Statistic is a weighted algorithm that takes into account the scientific source and domain of the publication, the number of citations, as well as the provenance of those citations in order to yield a standardized and readily comparable measure of impact and dissemination for scholarly publications<ref>https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.08806.pdf</ref>. The i³ was developed in Montreal by Dr. Jacques Balayla. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Author-level metrics]] |
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*[[Journal-level metrics]] |
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*[[Bibliometrics]] |
*[[Bibliometrics]] |
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*[[Scientometrics]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/initiatives/article-level-metrics |title=SPARC - Article level metrics}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/initiatives/article-level-metrics |title=SPARC - Article level metrics |access-date=2013-12-19 |archive-date=2013-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205154841/http://sparc.arl.org/initiatives/article-level-metrics |url-status=dead }} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/sites/default/files/sparc-alm-primer.pdf |title=SPARC Primer}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/sites/default/files/sparc-alm-primer.pdf |title=SPARC Primer |access-date=2013-12-19 |archive-date=2014-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313155739/http://www.sparc.arl.org/sites/default/files/sparc-alm-primer.pdf |url-status=dead }} |
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* {{cite journal |title=Article-Level Metrics and the Evolution of Scientific Impact |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000242 | pmid=19918558 | volume=7 |date=Nov 2009 |journal= |
* {{cite journal |title=Article-Level Metrics and the Evolution of Scientific Impact |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000242 | pmid=19918558 | volume=7 |date=Nov 2009 |journal=PLOS Biol |pages=e1000242 |pmc=2768794|last1=Neylon |first1=Cameron |last2=Wu |first2=Shirley |issue=11 |ref=none |doi-access=free }} |
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{{Academic publishing}} |
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[[Category:Academic publishing]] |
[[Category:Academic publishing]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:39, 17 November 2024
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Article-level metrics are citation metrics which measure the usage and impact of individual scholarly articles. The most common article-level citation metric is the number of citations.[1] Field-weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) by Scopus divides the total citations by the average number of citations for an article in the scientific field.[2]
Alternative article-level metrics include the CD index, a measure of the disruptiveness of an article.[3][4]
Adoption
[edit]Traditionally, bibliometrics have been used to evaluate the usage and impact of research, but have usually been focused on journal-level metrics such as the impact factor or researcher-level metrics such as the h-index.[5] Article-level metrics, on the other hand, may demonstrate the impact of an individual article. This is related to, but distinct from, altmetrics.[6]
Starting in March 2009, the Public Library of Science introduced article-level metrics for all articles.[7] The open access publisher PLOS provides article level metrics for all of its journals[8] including downloads, citations, and altmetrics.[9] In March 2014 it was announced that COUNTER statistics, which measure usage of online scholarly resources, are now available at the article level.[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Tahamtan, Iman; Safipour Afshar, Askar; Ahamdzadeh, Khadijeh (2016). "Factors affecting number of citations: a comprehensive review of the literature". Scientometrics. 107 (3): 1195–1225. doi:10.1007/s11192-016-1889-2. ISSN 0138-9130.
- ^ Cooke, Bec. "Guides: Research Metrics: Field-Weighted Citation Impact". libguides.usc.edu.au.
- ^ Funk, Russell J.; Owen-Smith, Jason (2017). "A Dynamic Network Measure of Technological Change". Management Science. 63 (3): 791–817. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2015.2366. ISSN 0025-1909.
- ^ Park, Michael; Leahey, Erin; Funk, Russell J. (5 January 2023). "Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time". Nature. 613 (7942): 138–144. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05543-x. ISSN 0028-0836.
- ^ "Article-Level Metrics". SPARC. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
- ^ "Article-Level Metrics: A Sparc Primer" (PDF). SPARC. April 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
- ^ Fenner, Martin (2005-07-01). "Article-Level Metrics Information". Lagotto. PLoS ONE. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
- ^ "Overview". PLOS: Article-Level Metrics. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
- ^ Pattinson, Damian (March 2014). "The future is open: opportunities for publishers and institutions". Insights. 27 (1): 38–44. doi:10.1629/2048-7754.139.
- ^ "Introduction to Release 1 of the COUNTER Code of Practice for Articles". COUNTER. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
Further reading
[edit]- "SPARC - Article level metrics". Archived from the original on 2013-12-05. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
- "SPARC Primer" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
- Neylon, Cameron; Wu, Shirley (Nov 2009). "Article-Level Metrics and the Evolution of Scientific Impact". PLOS Biol. 7 (11): e1000242. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000242. PMC 2768794. PMID 19918558.