Tau gallicum: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Letter of the Latin alphabet}} |
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{{Refimprove|date=November 2020}} |
{{Refimprove|date=November 2020}} |
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[[File:Tau gallic CourDOr Metz 3147.jpg|thumb|The name |
[[File:Tau gallic CourDOr Metz 3147.jpg|thumb|The name ARAꟇꟇOVNA on a Gallic tomb.]] |
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'''Tau gallicum''' ([[File:Latin_capital_letter_Tau_gallicum.svg|12x12px]] [[File:Latin small letter d with middle stroke.svg|12x12px]] |
'''Tau gallicum''', or '''D with short stroke overlay''' in [[Unicode]], ([[majuscule]]: Ꟈ ([[File:Latin_capital_letter_Tau_gallicum.svg|12x12px]]), [[minuscule]]: ꟈ ([[File:Latin small letter d with middle stroke.svg|12x12px]])) is a letter that was used to write the [[Gaulish language]].<ref name=":0">[https://unicode.org/wg2/docs/n5044-tau-gallicum.pdf Proposal for the addition of four Latin characters to the UCS]. [[Michael Everson]] and [[Chris_Lilley_(computer_scientist)|Chris Lilley]], 2019.</ref> It is a D with the horizontal bar from the Greek letter [[Θ]].<ref name=":0" /> It likely represented a {{IPAslink|t͡s}} or {{IPA|/st/}} sound,<ref name=":0" /> like the '''ts''' in ca'''ts''' or the '''st''' in '''st'''op. |
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== Name == |
== Name == |
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The Latin phrase |
The Latin phrase {{lang|la|tau gallicum}} literally means "[[Gauls|Gallic]] [[tau]]". The only known mention of the letter is found in [[Appendix Vergiliana|Catalepton]], a set of epigrams attributed to [[Virgil]] and collected after his death in [[Appendix Vergiliana]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Frank|first=Tenney|date=1935|title=Tau Gallicum, Vergil, Catalepton II, 4|journal=The American Journal of Philology|volume=56|issue=3|pages=254–256|doi=10.2307/289677|issn=0002-9475|jstor=289677}}</ref> The second epigram contains the following text: |
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{{Poem quote|text=Corinthiorum amator iste uerborum, |
{{Poem quote|text={{lang|la|Corinthiorum amator iste uerborum, |
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iste iste rhetor, namque quatenus totus |
iste iste rhetor, namque quatenus totus |
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[[Thucydides]], tyrannus Atticae febris: |
[[Thucydides]], tyrannus Atticae febris: |
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tau Gallicum, min et sphin ut male illisit, |
tau Gallicum, min et sphin ut male illisit, |
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ita omnia ista uerba miscuit fratri. |
ita omnia ista uerba miscuit fratri.}}|sign=Virgil|source=''Catalepton'' II}} |
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It is not known, however, whether the sound described by [[Virgil]] is the same as that for which the term is currently used. |
It is not known, however, whether the sound described by [[Virgil]] is the same as that for which the term is currently used. |
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== Letter == |
== Letter == |
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After using the [[Greek alphabet]], the [[Gauls]] adopted the [[Latin alphabet]] to transcribe their language. However, |
After using the [[Greek alphabet]], the [[Gauls]] adopted the [[Latin alphabet]] to transcribe their language. However, to note a sound unknown to the second, they introduced the additional letter tau gallicum, said to have been inspired by the Greek letter Θ ([[theta]]). Its spelling is varies between {{angbr|Ꟈ}} and {{angbr|ꟉꟉ}}.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The letter can be found in the initial of the name of the Celtic goddess [[Sirona]], whose name is written as: ''Sirona'', '' |
The letter can be found in the initial of the name of the Celtic goddess [[Sirona (goddess)|Sirona]], whose name is written as: ''Sirona'', ''Ꟈirona'' or ''Thirona'', highlighting the difficulty of noting the initial sound in the Latin alphabet. |
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The letter is also present in the [[Chamalières tablet|lead of Chamalières]], a lead tablet discovered in 1971 in [[Chamalières]] and written in the [[Gaulish language|Gallic language]] with Latin cursive letters: |
The letter is also present in the [[Chamalières tablet|lead of Chamalières]], a lead tablet discovered in 1971 in [[Chamalières]] and written in the [[Gaulish language|Gallic language]] with Latin cursive letters: snIeꟈꟈdic, aꟈꟈedillI. |
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== Pronunciation == |
== Pronunciation == |
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The precise value of the sound transcribed by the Gallic tau is not known. It is supposed that it denotes |
The precise value of the sound transcribed by the Gallic tau is not known. It is supposed that it denotes an alveolar affricate {{IPA|/t͡s/}}, in free variation with {{IPA|[st]}} in initial position. |
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==Use on computers== |
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The letter is encoded into [[Unicode]] as {{Unichar|A7C7}} and {{Unichar|A7C8}} respectively. |
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{{charmap |
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|A7C7|name1=LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY |
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|A7C8|name2=LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY |
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}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Latin script|D |
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| show diacritic = stroke |
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| show letter = |
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| show pairs = no |
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}} |
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[[Category:Latin letters with diacritics|D stroke]] |
[[Category:Latin letters with diacritics|D stroke]] |
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[[Category:Palaeography]] |
[[Category:Palaeography]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:44, 17 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2020) |
Tau gallicum, or D with short stroke overlay in Unicode, (majuscule: Ꟈ (
), minuscule: ꟈ (
)) is a letter that was used to write the Gaulish language.[1] It is a D with the horizontal bar from the Greek letter Θ.[1] It likely represented a /t͡s/ or /st/ sound,[1] like the ts in cats or the st in stop.
Name
[edit]The Latin phrase tau gallicum literally means "Gallic tau". The only known mention of the letter is found in Catalepton, a set of epigrams attributed to Virgil and collected after his death in Appendix Vergiliana.[2] The second epigram contains the following text:
Corinthiorum amator iste uerborum,
iste iste rhetor, namque quatenus totus
Thucydides, tyrannus Atticae febris:
tau Gallicum, min et sphin ut male illisit,
ita omnia ista uerba miscuit fratri.— Virgil, Catalepton II
It is not known, however, whether the sound described by Virgil is the same as that for which the term is currently used.
Letter
[edit]After using the Greek alphabet, the Gauls adopted the Latin alphabet to transcribe their language. However, to note a sound unknown to the second, they introduced the additional letter tau gallicum, said to have been inspired by the Greek letter Θ (theta). Its spelling is varies between ⟨Ꟈ⟩ and ⟨ꟉꟉ⟩.[1]
The letter can be found in the initial of the name of the Celtic goddess Sirona, whose name is written as: Sirona, Ꟈirona or Thirona, highlighting the difficulty of noting the initial sound in the Latin alphabet.
The letter is also present in the lead of Chamalières, a lead tablet discovered in 1971 in Chamalières and written in the Gallic language with Latin cursive letters: snIeꟈꟈdic, aꟈꟈedillI.
Pronunciation
[edit]The precise value of the sound transcribed by the Gallic tau is not known. It is supposed that it denotes an alveolar affricate /t͡s/, in free variation with [st] in initial position.
Use on computers
[edit]The letter is encoded into Unicode as U+A7C7 Ꟈ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY and U+A7C8 ꟈ LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY respectively.
| Preview | Ꟈ | ꟈ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY | LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 42951 | U+A7C7 | 42952 | U+A7C8 |
| UTF-8 | 234 159 135 | EA 9F 87 | 234 159 136 | EA 9F 88 |
| Numeric character reference | Ꟈ |
Ꟈ |
ꟈ |
ꟈ |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Proposal for the addition of four Latin characters to the UCS. Michael Everson and Chris Lilley, 2019.
- ^ Frank, Tenney (1935). "Tau Gallicum, Vergil, Catalepton II, 4". The American Journal of Philology. 56 (3): 254–256. doi:10.2307/289677. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 289677.