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{{short description|Genus of worms}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Obama''
| taxon = Obama
| image = Obama nungara (Geoplanidae) from France MNHN JL57 - white background.jpg
| image = Obama nungara (Geoplanidae) from France MNHN JL57 - white background.jpg
| image_caption = ''Obama nungara''
| image_caption = ''Obama nungara''
| display_parents = 3
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| authority = Carbayo et al., 2013
| phylum = [[Platyhelminthes]]
⚫
| type_species = ''Obama fryi''
| classis = [[Rhabditophora]]
| subclassis =
| superordo =
| ordo = [[Tricladida]]
| subordo = [[Continenticola]]
| infraordo =
| unranked_familia =
| superfamilia =
| familia = [[Geoplanidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Geoplaninae]]
| genus = '''''Obama'''''
⚫
| genus_authority = Carbayo et al., 2013
⚫
| type_species = ''[[Obama fryi|Geoplana fryi]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899
| type_species_authority = [[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
Line 31: Line 19:


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
The name ''Obama'' is formed by a composition of the [[Tupi language|Tupi]] words ''oba'' (leaf) and ''ma'' (animal), being a reference to the body shape of species in this genus.<ref name="Carbayo2013" />
The name ''Obama'' is formed by a composition of the [[Tupi language|Tupi]] words ''oba'' (leaf) and ''ma'' (animal), being a reference to the body shape of species in this genus.<ref name="Carbayo2013" /> Unlike ''[[Baracktrema obamai]]'', it is not named after [[Barack Obama]] and the similarity between the names is pure coincidence.


== Species ==
== Species ==
{{commons category|Obama (Geoplanidae)|Obama (genus)}}
{{commons category|Obama (Geoplanidae)|Obama (genus)}}
There are 41 species assigned to the genus ''Obama'':
There are 45 species assigned to the genus ''Obama'', making it the largest genus in the subfamily Geoplaninae:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Obama allandra]]'' <small>Marques, Rossi, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2018</small><ref name="Marques2018" />
*''[[Obama allandra]]'' <small>Marques, Rossi, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2018</small><ref name="Marques2018" />
⚫
*''[[Obama apeva]]'' <small>(Froehlich, 1959)</small>
⚫
*''[[Obama applanata]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''[[Obama anthropophila]]'' <small>Amaral, Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2015</small>
*''[[Obama anthropophila]]'' <small>Amaral, Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2015</small>
*''[[Obama argus]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''Obama apeva'' <small>(Froehlich, 1959)</small>
*''[[Obama assu]]'' <small>(Froehlich, 1959)</small>
*''[[Obama apiguara]]'' <small>Oliveira, Almeida & Carbayo, 2020</small>
*''[[Obama baptistae]]'' <small>(Leal-Zanchet & Oliveira, 2012)</small>
*''Obama applanata'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''[[Obama braunsi]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''Obama argus'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''[[Obama burmeisteri]]'' <small>(Schultze & Müller, 1857)</small>
*''Obama assu'' <small>(Froehlich, 1959)</small>
*''[[Obama aureolineata]]'' <small>Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021</small><ref name="Iturralde2021">{{cite journal | last1 = Iturralde | first1 = Giuly G. | last2 = Allgayer | first2 = Heloísa | last3 = Valiati | first3 = Victor H. | last4 = Leal-Zanchet | first4 = Ana M. | title = Seeing the true colours: three new species of Obama (Platyhelminthes : Continenticola) from remnants of Atlantic forest in southern Brazil based on an integrative approach | journal = Invertebrate Systematics | volume = 34 | year = 2021 | pages = 312–331 | doi = 10.1071/IS20043}}</ref>
⚫
*''[[Obama carbayoi]]'' <small>(Oliveira & Leal-Zanchet, 2012)</small>
*''[[Obama carinata]]'' <small>(Riester, 1938)</small>
*''[[Obama autumna]]'' <small>Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021</small><ref name="Iturralde2021" />
*''[[Obama carrierei]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1897)</small>
*''Obama baptistae'' <small>(Leal-Zanchet & Oliveira, 2012)</small>
*''[[Obama catharina]]'' <small>(Hyman, 1957)</small>
*''Obama braunsi'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''Obama burmeisteri'' <small>(Schultze & Müller, 1857)</small>
⚫
*''Obama carbayoi'' <small>(Oliveira & Leal-Zanchet, 2012)</small>
*''Obama carinata'' <small>(Riester, 1938)</small>
⚫
*''Obama carrierei'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1897)</small>
*''Obama catharina'' <small>(Hyman, 1957)</small>
*''[[Obama decidualis]]'' <small>Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2015</small>
*''[[Obama decidualis]]'' <small>Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2015</small>
*''[[Obama dictyonota]]'' <small>(Riester, 1938)</small>
*''Obama dictyonota'' <small>(Riester, 1938)</small>
*''[[Obama divae]]'' <small>(Marcus, 1951)</small>
*''Obama divae'' <small>(Marcus, 1951)</small>
*''[[Obama eudoxiae]]'' <small>(Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990)</small>
*''Obama eudoxiae'' <small>(Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990)</small>
*''[[Obama eudoximariae]]'' <small>(Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990)</small>
*''Obama eudoximariae'' <small>(Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990)</small>
*''[[Obama evelinae]]'' <small>(Marcus, 1951)</small>
*''Obama evelinae'' <small>(Marcus, 1951)</small>
*''[[Obama ferussaci]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1897)</small>
*''Obama ferussaci'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1897)</small>
*''[[Obama ficki]]'' <small>(Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2012)</small>
*''[[Obama ficki]]'' <small>(Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2012)</small>
*''[[Obama fryi]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''Obama fryi'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''[[Obama glieschi]]'' <small>(Froehlich, 1959)</small>
*''Obama glieschi'' <small>(Froehlich, 1959)</small>
*''[[Obama itatiayana]]'' <small>(Schirch, 1929)</small>
*''Obama itatiayana'' <small>(Schirch, 1929)</small>
*''[[Obama josefi]]'' <small>(Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2001)</small>
*''[[Obama josefi]]'' <small>(Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2001)</small>
*''[[Obama ladislavii]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''[[Obama ladislavii]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''[[Obama livia]]'' <small>(E. M. Froehlich, 1955)</small>
*''[[Obama leticiae]]'' <small>Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021</small><ref name="Iturralde2021" />
⚫
*''Obama livia'' <small>(E. M. Froehlich, 1955)</small>
*''[[Obama maculatentis]]'' <small>Negrete, Gira & Brusa, 2019</small><ref name="Negrete2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Negrete | first1 = Lisandro | last2 = Gira | first2 = Rafael Díaz |last3 = Brusa | first3 = Francisco | title = Two new species of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from protected areas in the southern extreme of the Paranaense Rainforest, Argentina | journal = Zoologischer Anzeiger | volume = 279 | year = 2019 | pages = 38–51 | issn = 00445231 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.01.002}}</ref>
*''[[Obama maculatentis]]'' <small>Negrete, Gira & Brusa, 2019</small><ref name="Negrete2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Negrete | first1 = Lisandro | last2 = Gira | first2 = Rafael Díaz |last3 = Brusa | first3 = Francisco | title = Two new species of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from protected areas in the southern extreme of the Paranaense Rainforest, Argentina | journal = Zoologischer Anzeiger | volume = 279 | year = 2019 | pages = 38–51 | issn = 00445231 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.01.002}}</ref>
*''[[Obama maculipunctata]]'' <small>Rossi, Amaral, Ribeiro, Cauduro, Fick, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2015</small>
*''[[Obama maculipunctata]]'' <small>Rossi, Amaral, Ribeiro, Cauduro, Fick, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2015</small>
*''[[Obama marmorata]]'' <small>(Schultze & Müller, 1857)</small>
*''Obama marmorata'' <small>(Schultze & Müller, 1857)</small>
*''[[Obama metzi]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''Obama metzi'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''[[Obama nungara]]'' <small>Carbayo, Álvarez-Presas, Jones & Riutort, 2016</small> <ref name="Carbayo2016a" />
*''[[Obama nungara]]'' <small>Carbayo, Álvarez-Presas, Jones & Riutort, 2016</small> <ref name="Carbayo2016a" />
*''[[Obama otavioi]]'' <small>Carbayo, 2016</small>
*''Obama otavioi'' <small>Carbayo, 2016</small>
*''[[Obama poca]]'' <small>(Froehlich, 1958)</small>
*''Obama poca'' <small>(Froehlich, 1958)</small>
*''[[Obama polyophthalma]]'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''Obama polyophthalma'' <small>([[Ludwig von Graff|Graff]], 1899)</small>
*''[[Obama riesteri]]'' <small>(Froehlich, 1955)</small>
*''Obama riesteri'' <small>(Froehlich, 1955)</small>
*''[[Obama rufiventris]]'' <small>(Schultze & Müller, 1857)</small>
*''Obama rufiventris'' <small>(Schultze & Müller, 1857)</small>
*''[[Obama ruiva]]'' <small>(E. M. Froehlich, 1972)</small>
*''Obama ruiva'' <small>(E. M. Froehlich, 1972)</small>
*''[[Obama schubarti]]'' <small>(Froehlich, 1958)</small>
*''Obama schubarti'' <small>(Froehlich, 1958)</small>
*''[[Obama tribalis]]'' <small>Marques, Rossi, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2018</small><ref name="Marques2018" />
*''[[Obama tribalis]]'' <small>Marques, Rossi, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2018</small><ref name="Marques2018" />
*''[[Obama trigueira]]'' <small>(E. M. Froehlich, 1955)</small>
*''Obama trigueira'' <small>(E. M. Froehlich, 1955)</small>
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


Line 84: Line 76:
The genus ''Obama'' was erected after a study of [[molecular phylogeny]] with the subfamily Geoplaninae revealed that the genus ''[[Geoplana]]'', originally containing more than a hundred species, was [[polyphyletic]].<ref name="Carbayo2013" /> One of the monophyletic clades revealed by the study was separate from ''Geoplana'' as the new genus ''Obama''. All species within the new genus share a similar morphology, including the leaf-shaped body, the presence of a permanent penis papilla, [[reproductive system of planarians|ovovitelline ducts]] entering the female atrium dorsally and dorsal eyes of two types: mono- and trilobulated.<ref name="Carbayo2013" />
The genus ''Obama'' was erected after a study of [[molecular phylogeny]] with the subfamily Geoplaninae revealed that the genus ''[[Geoplana]]'', originally containing more than a hundred species, was [[polyphyletic]].<ref name="Carbayo2013" /> One of the monophyletic clades revealed by the study was separate from ''Geoplana'' as the new genus ''Obama''. All species within the new genus share a similar morphology, including the leaf-shaped body, the presence of a permanent penis papilla, [[reproductive system of planarians|ovovitelline ducts]] entering the female atrium dorsally and dorsal eyes of two types: mono- and trilobulated.<ref name="Carbayo2013" />


The sister-group of ''Obama'' seems to be the genus ''[[Cratera (genus)|Cratera]]'', which has a very similar appearance but lacks trilobulated eyes.<ref name="Carbayo2013" /><ref name="Rossi2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Rossi | first1 = Ilana | last2 = Amaral | first2 = Silvana Vargas | last3 = Ribeiro | first3 = Giovana Gamino | last4 = Cauduro | first4 = Guilherme Pinto | last5 = Fick | first5 = Israel | last6 = Valiati | first6 = Victor Hugo | last7 = Leal-Zanchet | first7 = Ana Maria | title = Two new Geoplaninae species (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from Southern Brazil based on an integrative taxonomic approach | journal = Journal of Natural History | volume = 50 | issue = 13–14 | year = 2015 | pages = 787–815 | issn = 0022-2933 | doi = 10.1080/00222933.2015.1084057| s2cid = 86172935 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/3990049 }}</ref>
The sister-group of ''Obama'' seems to be the genus ''[[Cratera (flatworm)|Cratera]]'', which has a very similar appearance but lacks trilobulated eyes.<ref name="Carbayo2013" /><ref name="Rossi2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Rossi | first1 = Ilana | last2 = Amaral | first2 = Silvana Vargas | last3 = Ribeiro | first3 = Giovana Gamino | last4 = Cauduro | first4 = Guilherme Pinto | last5 = Fick | first5 = Israel | last6 = Valiati | first6 = Victor Hugo | last7 = Leal-Zanchet | first7 = Ana Maria | title = Two new Geoplaninae species (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from Southern Brazil based on an integrative taxonomic approach | journal = Journal of Natural History | volume = 50 | issue = 13–14 | year = 2015 | pages = 787–815 | issn = 0022-2933 | doi = 10.1080/00222933.2015.1084057| s2cid = 86172935 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/3990049 }}</ref>


The following phylogenetic tree shows the relationship of several species of ''Obama'' after several molecular studies:<ref name="Carbayo2016a" /><ref name="Carbayo2013" /><ref name="Carbayo2016" /><ref name="Rossi2015" />
The following phylogenetic tree shows the relationship of several species of ''Obama'' after several molecular studies:<ref name="Carbayo2016a" /><ref name="Carbayo2013" /><ref name="Carbayo2016" /><ref name="Rossi2015" />

Latest revision as of 04:31, 18 November 2024

Obama
Obama nungara
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Order: Tricladida
Superfamily: Geoplanoidea
Family: Geoplanidae
Subfamily: Geoplaninae
Genus: Obama
Carbayo et al., 2013
Type species
Obama fryi
Graff, 1899

Obama /ˈoʊbəmə/ is a genus of land planarians from South America. It contains several species adapted to human-disturbed environments,[1] including the only invasive land planarian native to the Neotropical realm, Obama nungara, which has been accidentally introduced in Europe.[2]

Description

[edit]

The genus Obama is characterized by having a leaf-shaped body. Most species are about 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long, but some may reach over 20 centimetres (7.9 in). The hundreds of eyes distributed along the body are of two types: monolobulated, which are simple and circular, and trilobulated, which have three lobes.[3]

The copulatory apparatus of Obama has a protrusible penis occupying the entire male atrium or most of it.[4] Morphologically the genus can be divided in two subgroups depending on the shape of the penis papilla, which may be symmetrical or asymmetrical. The group with an asymmetrical penis papilla includes 10 species (O. anthropophilla, O. carbayoi, O. carrierei, O. decidualis, O. josefi, O. ladislavii, O. marmorata, O. nungara, O. otavioi and O. ruiva) and seems to form a monophyletic clade within Obama.[5] On the other hand, the group with a symmetrical penis papilla is paraphyletic, indicating that this is the ancestral state within the genus.[5]

Etymology

[edit]

The name Obama is formed by a composition of the Tupi words oba (leaf) and ma (animal), being a reference to the body shape of species in this genus.[3] Unlike Baracktrema obamai, it is not named after Barack Obama and the similarity between the names is pure coincidence.

Species

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Obama (genus).

There are 45 species assigned to the genus Obama, making it the largest genus in the subfamily Geoplaninae:

  • Obama allandra Marques, Rossi, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2018[4]
  • Obama anthropophila Amaral, Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2015
  • Obama apeva (Froehlich, 1959)
  • Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida & Carbayo, 2020
  • Obama applanata (Graff, 1899)
  • Obama argus (Graff, 1899)
  • Obama assu (Froehlich, 1959)
  • Obama aureolineata Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021[6]
  • Obama autumna Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021[6]
  • Obama baptistae (Leal-Zanchet & Oliveira, 2012)
  • Obama braunsi (Graff, 1899)
  • Obama burmeisteri (Schultze & Müller, 1857)
  • Obama carbayoi (Oliveira & Leal-Zanchet, 2012)
  • Obama carinata (Riester, 1938)
  • Obama carrierei (Graff, 1897)
  • Obama catharina (Hyman, 1957)
  • Obama decidualis Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2015
  • Obama dictyonota (Riester, 1938)
  • Obama divae (Marcus, 1951)
  • Obama eudoxiae (Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990)
  • Obama eudoximariae (Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990)
  • Obama evelinae (Marcus, 1951)
  • Obama ferussaci (Graff, 1897)
  • Obama ficki (Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2012)
  • Obama fryi (Graff, 1899)
  • Obama glieschi (Froehlich, 1959)
  • Obama itatiayana (Schirch, 1929)
  • Obama josefi (Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2001)
  • Obama ladislavii (Graff, 1899)
  • Obama leticiae Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021[6]
  • Obama livia (E. M. Froehlich, 1955)
  • Obama maculatentis Negrete, Gira & Brusa, 2019[7]
  • Obama maculipunctata Rossi, Amaral, Ribeiro, Cauduro, Fick, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2015
  • Obama marmorata (Schultze & Müller, 1857)
  • Obama metzi (Graff, 1899)
  • Obama nungara Carbayo, Álvarez-Presas, Jones & Riutort, 2016 [2]
  • Obama otavioi Carbayo, 2016
  • Obama poca (Froehlich, 1958)
  • Obama polyophthalma (Graff, 1899)
  • Obama riesteri (Froehlich, 1955)
  • Obama rufiventris (Schultze & Müller, 1857)
  • Obama ruiva (E. M. Froehlich, 1972)
  • Obama schubarti (Froehlich, 1958)
  • Obama tribalis Marques, Rossi, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2018[4]
  • Obama trigueira (E. M. Froehlich, 1955)

Phylogeny

[edit]
Three specimens of Obama of different species in a Petri dish. From top to bottom: O. ladislavii, O. anthropophila and O. nungara

The genus Obama was erected after a study of molecular phylogeny with the subfamily Geoplaninae revealed that the genus Geoplana, originally containing more than a hundred species, was polyphyletic.[3] One of the monophyletic clades revealed by the study was separate from Geoplana as the new genus Obama. All species within the new genus share a similar morphology, including the leaf-shaped body, the presence of a permanent penis papilla, ovovitelline ducts entering the female atrium dorsally and dorsal eyes of two types: mono- and trilobulated.[3]

The sister-group of Obama seems to be the genus Cratera, which has a very similar appearance but lacks trilobulated eyes.[3][8]

The following phylogenetic tree shows the relationship of several species of Obama after several molecular studies:[2][3][5][8]

Obama baptistae

Obama braunsi

Obama apeva

Obama ficki

Obama fryi

Obama eudoximariae

Obama carinata

Obama itatiayana

Obama burmeisteri

Obama maculipunctata

Obama applanata

Obama argus sensu Graff, 1899

Obama argus sensu Schirch, 1929

Obama ladislavii

Obama nungara

Obama otavioi

Obama josefi

Obama marmorata

Obama anthropophila

Obama decidualis

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Boll, Piter Kehoma; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2016). "Preference for different prey allows the coexistence of several land planarians in areas of the Atlantic Forest". Zoology. 119 (3): 162–168. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2016.04.002. ISSN 0944-2006. PMID 27156235.
  2. ^ a b c Carbayo, Fernando; Álvarez-Presas, Marta; Jones, Hugh D.; Riutort, Marta (2016). "The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (1): 5–28. doi:10.1111/zoj.12358. ISSN 0024-4082.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Carbayo, F.; Álvarez-Presas, M.; Olivares, C. U. T.; Marques, F. P. L.; Froehlich, E. X. M.; Riutort, M. (2013). "Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (5): 508–528. doi:10.1111/zsc.12019.
  4. ^ a b c Marques, Alessandro; Rossi, Ilana; Valiati, Victor Hugo; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2018). "Integrative approach reveals two new species of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the South-Brazilian Atlantic Forest". Zootaxa. 4455 (1): 99–126. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4455.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 30314222.
  5. ^ a b c Carbayo, Fernando; Francoy, Tiago M.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2016). "Non-destructive imaging to describe a new species of Obama land planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)". Zoologica Scripta. 45 (5): 566–578. doi:10.1111/zsc.12175. ISSN 0300-3256.
  6. ^ a b c Iturralde, Giuly G.; Allgayer, Heloísa; Valiati, Victor H.; Leal-Zanchet, Ana M. (2021). "Seeing the true colours: three new species of Obama (Platyhelminthes : Continenticola) from remnants of Atlantic forest in southern Brazil based on an integrative approach". Invertebrate Systematics. 34: 312–331. doi:10.1071/IS20043.
  7. ^ Negrete, Lisandro; Gira, Rafael Díaz; Brusa, Francisco (2019). "Two new species of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from protected areas in the southern extreme of the Paranaense Rainforest, Argentina". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 279: 38–51. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2019.01.002. ISSN 0044-5231.
  8. ^ a b Rossi, Ilana; Amaral, Silvana Vargas; Ribeiro, Giovana Gamino; Cauduro, Guilherme Pinto; Fick, Israel; Valiati, Victor Hugo; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2015). "Two new Geoplaninae species (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from Southern Brazil based on an integrative taxonomic approach". Journal of Natural History. 50 (13–14): 787–815. doi:10.1080/00222933.2015.1084057. ISSN 0022-2933. S2CID 86172935.
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