John Opie: Difference between revisions
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In 1781,<ref>Earland 1911, p.26</ref> having gained considerable experience as a portraitist travelling around Cornwall,<ref>Earland 1911, pp.20-1</ref> Opie moved to London with Wolcot. There they lived together, having entered into a formal profit-sharing agreement.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /> Although Opie had received a considerable artistic education from Wolcot, the doctor chose to present him as a self-taught prodigy;<ref>Earland 1911, p.12</ref> a portrait of a boy shown at the Society of Artists the previous year, had been described in the catalogue as "an instance of Genius, not having ever seen a picture."<ref>Earland 1911, p.26; the artist's name is given as "Master Oppy".</ref> Wolcot introduced the "Cornish wonder" to leading artists, including Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]], who was to compare him to [[Caravaggio]] and [[Diego Velázquez|Velazquez]], and to prospective patrons.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /> The business arrangement with Wolcot lasted for a year, after which Opie informed the doctor that he now wished to go it alone, leading to the estrangement of the two former partners.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /><ref name="dnb">{{cite DNB|no-icon=1|prescript=|pages=230-233|url=https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfNationalBiographyVolume42_630/page/n241/mode/2up|title=Opie, John}}</ref> |
In 1781,<ref>Earland 1911, p.26</ref> having gained considerable experience as a portraitist travelling around Cornwall,<ref>Earland 1911, pp.20-1</ref> Opie moved to London with Wolcot. There they lived together, having entered into a formal profit-sharing agreement.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /> Although Opie had received a considerable artistic education from Wolcot, the doctor chose to present him as a self-taught prodigy;<ref>Earland 1911, p.12</ref> a portrait of a boy shown at the Society of Artists the previous year, had been described in the catalogue as "an instance of Genius, not having ever seen a picture."<ref>Earland 1911, p.26; the artist's name is given as "Master Oppy".</ref> Wolcot introduced the "Cornish wonder" to leading artists, including Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]], who was to compare him to [[Caravaggio]] and [[Diego Velázquez|Velazquez]], and to prospective patrons.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /> The business arrangement with Wolcot lasted for a year, after which Opie informed the doctor that he now wished to go it alone, leading to the estrangement of the two former partners.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /><ref name="dnb">{{cite DNB|no-icon=1|prescript=|pages=230-233|url=https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfNationalBiographyVolume42_630/page/n241/mode/2up|title=Opie, John}}</ref> |
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Through the influence of "a [[Frances Boscawen|Mrs Boscawen]]", Wolcot managed to have Opie introduced at the court of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]].<ref>Earland 1911, pp. 31–2</ref> The king purchased one of his pictures and commissioned him to produce a portrait of [[Mary Delany]]. He also received commissions to paint |
Through the influence of "a [[Frances Boscawen|Mrs Boscawen]]", Wolcot managed to have Opie introduced at the court of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]].<ref>Earland 1911, pp. 31–2</ref> The king purchased one of his pictures and commissioned him to produce a portrait of [[Mary Delany]]. He also received commissions to paint [[Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh]], both the nephew and son-in-law of [[George III|King George III]].<ref>{{cite web |title=William Frederick (1776–1834), 2nd Duke of Gloucester - by John Opie [held] at Trinity College, Cambridge |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/william-frederick-17761834-2nd-duke-of-gloucester-134780/search/actor:opie-john-17611807/page/3/view_as/grid |publisher=Art UK® is a registered trade mark of the Public Catalogue Foundation |access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> Opie also painted the portraits of Lady Salisbury, [[John Chetwynd-Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot|Lady Charlotte Talbot]], [[William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt|Lady Harcourt]] and other ladies of the court. Opie's residence at "Orange Court", Castle Street, [[Leicester Fields]], was said to be "crowded with rank and fashion every day" and he was the talk of the town.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /><ref name="dnb"/> In 1782 he first exhibited at the [[Royal Academy]] and in December of that year was married to Mary Bunn. The match, however, proved to be an unhappy one and they were eventually divorced in 1796 after her elopement.<ref name="dnb"/> |
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In 1799, Opie painted ([[oil painting|oils]]) a portrait of [[Charlotte, Princess Royal]], daughter of [[George III]].<ref>{{cite book |title=National Portrait Gallery London |date=2023 |publisher=© 2023 National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/personextended?linkid=mp00846&tab=portraits&tab=iconography |access-date=2 August 2023 |quote=1799 Oil by Opie, probably of Princess Charlotte, listed in Ada Earland, John Opie and his Circle, 1911, p 268.}}</ref> |
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Opie painted the portraits of [[celebrities]] associated with the [[Blue Stockings Society]] including [[Mary Delany]], [[Hannah Moore]], [[Samuel Johnson]], [[Mary Wollstonecraft]] and his own wife [[Amelia Opie|Amelia]] who was also associated with the society's members.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eger |first1=E. |title=Bluestockings Displayed: Portraiture, Performance and... |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=62 |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Bluestockings_Displayed/5QIMBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=blue+stockings+portraits+opie&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover |quote=The bluestockings actively participated in this project of promoting female learning through visual culture. ... Frances Boscawen commissioned John Opie's 1786 portrait of Hannah More, while another ...[he painted Mrs Delany, Samuel Johnson, Mary Wollstonecraft and his own wife Amelia]...}}</ref> |
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Although socially reticent,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eraland |first1=A. |title=John Opie and His Circle |date=1911 |publisher=Hutichinson and Company |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76g5AAAAMAAJ&q=john+opie+not+enjoy+social+life |access-date=23 July 2023 |quote=But Opie's love for his wife led him to desire her constant presence . Devoted as ever to his work , he was not willing to enter into society more than could be helped , while she , full of the joy of living , delighted in gaiety of all ...}}</ref> Opie was part of the "[[Strawberry Hill House|Strawberry Hill]] Set", the [[Gothic architecture|Gothick]] villa owned by [[Horace Walpole]] who would play host to the [[Blue Stockings Society]]. Opie painted many of the society's members including [[Mary Delany]], [[Henry Fuseli]], [[Hannah More]], [[Samuel Johnson]], [[Mary Wollstonecraft]] and, later on in his career, his own wife [[Amelia Opie|Amelia]] who was associated with the society.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eger |first1=E. |title=Bluestockings Displayed: Portraiture, Performance and... |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=62 |isbn=9781316154250 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5QIMBAAAQBAJ&dq=blue+stockings+portraits+opie&pg=PA62 |quote=The bluestockings actively participated in this project of promoting female learning through visual culture. ... Frances Boscawen commissioned John Opie's 1786 portrait of Hannah More, while another ...[he painted Mrs Delany, Samuel Johnson, Mary Wollstonecraft and his own wife Amelia]...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tait |first1=D. |title=Cornwall: Romans to Victorians |date=2018 |publisher=Pen and Sword Books |isbn=9781526721716 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9LPNDwAAQBAJ&dq=horace+walpole+john+opie&pg=PT46 |access-date=8 June 2023 |quote=The 2nd Baron, Richard (1716–1761) was a close friend of Horace Walpole as was his brother, George, the 1st Earl (1721–1795). George was also friends with Joshua Reynolds, David Garrick and John Opie and became part of the 'Strawberry Hill' set...}}</ref> |
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[[File:John Opie - Winter's Tale, Act II. Scene III.jpg|thumb|''[[The Winter's Tale|Winter's Tale]]'', Act II, scene III, (engraving after Opie for the [[Boydell Shakespeare Gallery]])]] |
[[File:John Opie - Winter's Tale, Act II. Scene III.jpg|thumb|''[[The Winter's Tale|Winter's Tale]]'', Act II, scene III, (engraving after Opie for the [[Boydell Shakespeare Gallery]])]] |
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After the initial burst of popularity, Opie's style rapidly fell out of fashion.<ref>Earland 1911, p.50</ref> In response to this he began to work on improving his technique, while at the same time seeking to supplement his early education by the study of [[Latin]], French and [[English literature]], and to polish his provincial manners by mixing in cultivated and learned circles.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /><ref name="dnb" /> |
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In 1786 he exhibited his first important historical subject, the ''Assassination of James I'', and in the following year the ''Murder of Rizzio'', a work whose merit was recognized by his immediate election as associate of the [[Royal Academy]], of which he became a full member in 1788. He painted five subjects for [[John Boydell]]'s [[Boydell Shakespeare Gallery|Shakespeare Gallery]]; and until his death, his practice alternated between portraiture and historical work. In May 1798 he married [[Amelia Opie|Amelia Alderson]]<ref name="Brittanica1911" /><ref name="dnb" /> whom he had met at parties in Norwich, including one at [[Holkham Hall]] where he had gone to carry out some commissions for Holkham's owner, [[Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester (seventh creation)|Thomas Coke]]. The commission included doing portraits of Coke's [[Whig (British political party)|Whig]] friends.<ref name="earland_2">Earland, 1911, p. 124.</ref> John and Amelia lived at 8 [[Berners Street]], [[London]] where Opie had moved in 1791. This proved a happy marriage, lasting for Opie's last nine years of life.<ref name="Brittanica1911" /><ref name="dnb" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The Magazine Antiques |date=1984 |publisher=Straight Enterprises |page=1390 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJM6AQAAIAAJ&q=Holkham+hall+John+OPie |access-date=4 July 2023 |quote=The cash book is in the Holkham Hall ... Mr. Robinson points out that Coke of Norfolk commissioned a number of paintings of his Whig friends, such as John Opie's painting of Charles James Fox which also now hangs at Holkham.}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Opie painted many notable men and women including [[Mary Wollstonecraft]], [[Samuel Johnson]],<ref>[http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=779&Desc=Dr-Johnson-|-John-Opie-RA Dr. Samuel Johnson] (Philip Mould Fine Paintings).</ref> [[Francesco Bartolozzi]],<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw00374/Francesco-Bartolozzi?sText=Francesco+Bartolozzi&submitSearchTerm_x=14&submitSearchTerm_y=4&search=ss&OConly=true&firstRun=true&LinkID=mp00284&role=sit&rNo=3 Portrait of F. Bartolozzi] (National Portrait Gallery, London).</ref> [[John Bannister (actor)|John Bannister]], [[Joseph Shepherd Munden|Joseph Munden]],<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw39686/Joseph-Shepherd-Munden?search=sp&sText=Munden+OPie&firstRun=true&rNo=0 Portrait of J S Munden] (National Portrait Gallery).</ref> [[Charles James Fox]],<ref>[http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=801&Desc=Charles-James-Fox-|-John-Opie-RA Charles james Fox] (Philip Mould Fine Paintings).</ref> [[William Henry West Betty|William Betty]],<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw00547/William-Henry-West-Betty?search=ss&firstRun=true&sText=William+Betty&LinkID=mp00406&role=sit&rNo=0 William Betty as "The Young Roscius"] ([[National Portrait Gallery, London]]).</ref> [[Edmund Burke]], [[John Crome]], [[James Northcote]], [[Henry Fuseli]], [[Thomas Girtin]], [[Robert Southey]], [[Samuel Parr]], [[Elizabeth Inchbald]] and [[Mary Shelley]]; 508 portraits in all, mostly in oil, and 252 other pictures.<ref name="dnb" /> Opie painted the portrait of Captain Mark Oates whom he had seen paint a butterfly when both men were young.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Earland |first1=A. |title=John Opie and His Circle |date=1911 |publisher=Hutchinson & Company |page=296 |url=https://ia904700.us.archive.org/21/items/johnopiehiscircl00earliala/johnopiehiscircl00earliala.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blackwood |first1=James |title=Men who have made themselves... |publisher=J. Blackwood, Paternoster Row |pages=311 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rW1ZAAAAcAAJ&dq=captain+mark+oates+john+opie+companion&pg=PA311 |access-date=2 January 2024 |quote=...he saw Mark Oates, an elder companion and afterwards captain of marines ..draw a butterfly}}</ref> Opie painted the portrait of [[George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend]] who, in February 1792 became [[Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk]] - the county from which Opie's wife hailed.<ref>{{cite web |title=John Opie |url=https://www.artnet.com/artists/john-opie-2/3 |publisher=Artnet Worldwide Corporation |access-date=17 March 2024 |date=2024 |quote=John Opie Portrait of George 1st Marquess Townshend (..., 1767 Sale Date: April 26, 2018 Auction Closed}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=13389|date=14 February 1792|page=109}}</ref> |
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[[Jane Beetham Read]] was the only female student that Opie ever taught. He painted her portrait between 1790 and 1800, and asked for her hand in marriage around 1796, but her father rejected the marriage. |
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⚫ | Opie painted many notable men and women including [[Mary Wollstonecraft]], [[Samuel Johnson]],<ref>[http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=779&Desc=Dr-Johnson-|-John-Opie-RA Dr. Samuel Johnson] (Philip Mould Fine Paintings).</ref> [[Francesco Bartolozzi]],<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw00374/Francesco-Bartolozzi?sText=Francesco+Bartolozzi&submitSearchTerm_x=14&submitSearchTerm_y=4&search=ss&OConly=true&firstRun=true&LinkID=mp00284&role=sit&rNo=3 Portrait of F. Bartolozzi] (National Portrait Gallery, London).</ref> [[John Bannister (actor)|John Bannister]], [[Joseph Shepherd Munden|Joseph Munden]],<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw39686/Joseph-Shepherd-Munden?search=sp&sText=Munden+OPie&firstRun=true&rNo=0 Portrait of J S Munden] (National Portrait Gallery).</ref> [[Charles James Fox]],<ref>[http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=801&Desc=Charles-James-Fox-|-John-Opie-RA Charles james Fox] (Philip Mould Fine Paintings).</ref> [[William Henry West Betty|William Betty]],<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw00547/William-Henry-West-Betty?search=ss&firstRun=true&sText=William+Betty&LinkID=mp00406&role=sit&rNo=0 William Betty as "The Young Roscius"] ([[National Portrait Gallery, London]]).</ref> [[Edmund Burke]], [[John Crome]], James Northcote, [[Henry Fuseli]], [[Thomas Girtin]], [[Robert Southey]], [[Samuel Parr]], [[Elizabeth Inchbald]] and [[Mary Shelley]]; 508 portraits in all, mostly in oil, and 252 other pictures.<ref name="dnb" /> |
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==Teaching and writing== |
==Teaching and writing== |
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==Death== |
==Death== |
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Opie died in April 1807, aged |
Opie died in April 1807, aged 45, at his home in Berners Street, and was buried at [[St Paul's Cathedral]], in the crypt next to [[Joshua Reynolds]], as he had wished.<ref>"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral" [[William Sinclair (Archdeacon of London)|Sinclair, W.]] p. 465: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.</ref> Royal etiquete allowed for [[Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester]] to follow the Opie funeral procession in his carriages to St Paul's Cathedral. Opie's last portrait was of the Prince with whom Opie's wife, Amelia, shared a great interest in [[Abolitionism]]. Amongst the mourners at Opie's funeral were [[Thomas Lawrence|Sir Thomas Lawrence]], [[J.M.W. Turner]], [[Peter Finch Martineau]] and [[Henry Bone]]. Opie had no children.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hendra|first=Viv|title=The Cornish Wonder - A Portrait of John Opie|publisher=Truran|location=Truro|year=2007|pages=173|chapter=The Funeral|isbn=978-1-85022-216-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Farrant |first1=Ann |title=Martineau Society - Amelia Opie |date=2015 |publisher=Martineau Society |page=20,21,22,23 |url=https://martineausociety.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/MS-Newsletter-37-Sept-2015-Final.pdf |access-date=10 June 2023 |quote=This was Prince William Frederick, the Duke of Gloucester, a staunch advocate of the abolition of slavery. Amelia had first met him in the 1790s, when he was a guest of the Gurneys of Earlham on several occasions. Louisa and Richenda Gurney wrote glowing accounts of him in their journals, describing him as sociable and agreeable. John Opie’s last portrait was of the Duke; it was completed just before his death. The Duke wrote a letter of sympathy to Amelia and said he was glad Royal etiquette allowed him to follow the Opie funeral procession in his carriage to St. Paul’s Cathedral...Writing to W.J. Fox in May 1832, she [Harriet Martineau] mentioned Demerara, her short story set on a West Indies plantation: ‘I have sent Demerara to the Duke of Gloucester through Mrs. Opie who knows him [Prince William, Duke of Gloucester] well and has taken me up vehemently.’}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FUNERAL OF THE LATE J. OPIE, ESQ. R. A |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=opie%20%20henry%20bone&from=1773&to=1809 |access-date=26 December 2023 |publisher=Norfolk Chronicle Norfolk, England |date=25 April 1807 |quote=Thomas Lawrence,esq.,... J. M. W. Turner, James Northcote, esq.,... Peter Martineau...• ASSOCIATES Henry Bone...}}</ref> |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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*Edwards, B. B. & Bulfinch, S. G. ''[https://archive.org/details/biographyofselft00edwaiala Biography of self-taught men: with an introductory essay]'' (Boston: J.E. Tilton and company, 1859) pp. 191–201. |
*Edwards, B. B. & Bulfinch, S. G. ''[https://archive.org/details/biographyofselft00edwaiala Biography of self-taught men: with an introductory essay]'' (Boston: J.E. Tilton and company, 1859) pp. 191–201. |
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*[[Walter Hawken Tregellas|Tregellas, Walter Hawken]]. ''[https://archive.org/details/cornishworthiess02tregiala Cornish worthies: sketches of some eminent Cornish men and families, volume 2]'' (London: E. Stock, 1884) pp. 243–278. |
*[[Walter Hawken Tregellas|Tregellas, Walter Hawken]]. ''[https://archive.org/details/cornishworthiess02tregiala Cornish worthies: sketches of some eminent Cornish men and families, volume 2]'' (London: E. Stock, 1884) pp. 243–278. |
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* Earland, Ada. ''[https://archive.org/details/johnopiehiscircl00earliala John Opie and his circle] (London : Hutchinson & co., 1911). |
* Earland, Ada. ''[https://archive.org/details/johnopiehiscircl00earliala John Opie and his circle]'' (London : Hutchinson & co., 1911). |
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* [[Rogers, John Jope]]. ''[https://archive.org/details/opiehisworksbein00rogeiala Opie and his works]'' (London: P. and D. Colnaghi and co. etc., 1878). |
* [[Rogers, John Jope]]. ''[https://archive.org/details/opiehisworksbein00rogeiala Opie and his works]'' (London: P. and D. Colnaghi and co. etc., 1878). |
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* {{cite ODNB|first = Robin|last = Simon|title =Opie, John (1761–1807)|id=20800}} |
* {{cite ODNB|first = Robin|last = Simon|title =Opie, John (1761–1807)|id=20800}} |
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*[http://www.artnet.com/artists/john-opie-2/ John Opie on Artnet] |
*[http://www.artnet.com/artists/john-opie-2/ John Opie on Artnet] |
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*Portraits of: [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=97&Desc=Maria-Godsal-|-John-Opie-RA Maria Godsal]; [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=104&Desc=Young-woman-in-a-white-dress-|-John-Opie-RA Young woman in a white dress]; [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=216&Desc=A-boy-|-John-Opie-RA A young boy]; [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=239&Desc=A-young-boy-with-a-staff-|-John-Opie-RA A Boy with a Staff]; [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=401&Desc=A-beggar-boy-|-John-Opie-RA A beggar boy] (Philip Mould Fine Paintings - accessed 23 Feb 2011) |
*Portraits of: [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=97&Desc=Maria-Godsal-|-John-Opie-RA Maria Godsal]; [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=104&Desc=Young-woman-in-a-white-dress-|-John-Opie-RA Young woman in a white dress]; [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=216&Desc=A-boy-|-John-Opie-RA A young boy]; [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=239&Desc=A-young-boy-with-a-staff-|-John-Opie-RA A Boy with a Staff]; [http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=401&Desc=A-beggar-boy-|-John-Opie-RA A beggar boy] (Philip Mould Fine Paintings - accessed 23 Feb 2011) |
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{{Cornwall}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:18th-century English painters]] |
[[Category:18th-century English painters]] |
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[[Category:19th-century English painters]] |
[[Category:19th-century English painters]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:English landscape painters]] |
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[[Category:Burials at St Paul's Cathedral]] |
[[Category:Burials at St Paul's Cathedral]] |
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[[Category:Painters from Cornwall]] |
[[Category:Painters from Cornwall]] |
Latest revision as of 05:00, 18 November 2024
John Opie | |
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Born | |
Died | 9 April 1807 Westminster, Middlesex, England | (aged 45)
Known for | Historical painting, portraits |
Spouse | Amelia Alderson |
Awards | Royal Academician |
Patron(s) | John Wolcot |
John Opie RA (16 May 1761 – 9 April 1807)[1] was an English historical and portrait painter. He painted many great men and women of his day, including members of the British Royal Family, and others who were notable in the artistic and literary professions.
Life and work
[edit]Opie was born in Harmony Cottage, Trevellas, between St Agnes and Perranporth in Cornwall, UK.[2] He was the youngest of the five children of Edward Opie, a master carpenter, and his wife Mary (née Tonkin). He showed a precocious talent for drawing and mathematics, and by the age of twelve, he had mastered Euclid and opened an evening school for poor children where he taught reading, writing, and arithmetic. His father, however, did not encourage his abilities, and apprenticed him to his own trade of carpentry.[3]
Opie's artistic abilities eventually came to the attention of local physician and satirist, Dr John Wolcot (Peter Pindar), who visited him at the sawmill where he was working in 1775. Recognising a great talent, Wolcot became Opie's mentor, buying him out of his apprenticeship and insisting that he come to live at his home in Truro.[3] Wolcot provided invaluable encouragement, advice, tuition and practical help in the advancement of his early career, including obtaining many commissions for work.[4][5]
London
[edit]In 1781,[6] having gained considerable experience as a portraitist travelling around Cornwall,[7] Opie moved to London with Wolcot. There they lived together, having entered into a formal profit-sharing agreement.[5] Although Opie had received a considerable artistic education from Wolcot, the doctor chose to present him as a self-taught prodigy;[8] a portrait of a boy shown at the Society of Artists the previous year, had been described in the catalogue as "an instance of Genius, not having ever seen a picture."[9] Wolcot introduced the "Cornish wonder" to leading artists, including Sir Joshua Reynolds, who was to compare him to Caravaggio and Velazquez, and to prospective patrons.[5] The business arrangement with Wolcot lasted for a year, after which Opie informed the doctor that he now wished to go it alone, leading to the estrangement of the two former partners.[5][10]
Through the influence of "a Mrs Boscawen", Wolcot managed to have Opie introduced at the court of King George III.[11] The king purchased one of his pictures and commissioned him to produce a portrait of Mary Delany. He also received commissions to paint Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, both the nephew and son-in-law of King George III.[12] Opie also painted the portraits of Lady Salisbury, Lady Charlotte Talbot, Lady Harcourt and other ladies of the court. Opie's residence at "Orange Court", Castle Street, Leicester Fields, was said to be "crowded with rank and fashion every day" and he was the talk of the town.[5][10] In 1782 he first exhibited at the Royal Academy and in December of that year was married to Mary Bunn. The match, however, proved to be an unhappy one and they were eventually divorced in 1796 after her elopement.[10]
In 1799, Opie painted (oils) a portrait of Charlotte, Princess Royal, daughter of George III.[13]
Although socially reticent,[14] Opie was part of the "Strawberry Hill Set", the Gothick villa owned by Horace Walpole who would play host to the Blue Stockings Society. Opie painted many of the society's members including Mary Delany, Henry Fuseli, Hannah More, Samuel Johnson, Mary Wollstonecraft and, later on in his career, his own wife Amelia who was associated with the society.[15][16]
After the initial burst of popularity, Opie's style rapidly fell out of fashion.[17] In response to this he began to work on improving his technique, while at the same time seeking to supplement his early education by the study of Latin, French and English literature, and to polish his provincial manners by mixing in cultivated and learned circles.[5][10]
In 1786 he exhibited his first important historical subject, the Assassination of James I, and in the following year the Murder of Rizzio, a work whose merit was recognized by his immediate election as associate of the Royal Academy, of which he became a full member in 1788. He painted five subjects for John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery; and until his death, his practice alternated between portraiture and historical work. In May 1798 he married Amelia Alderson[5][10] whom he had met at parties in Norwich, including one at Holkham Hall where he had gone to carry out some commissions for Holkham's owner, Thomas Coke. The commission included doing portraits of Coke's Whig friends.[18] John and Amelia lived at 8 Berners Street, London where Opie had moved in 1791. This proved a happy marriage, lasting for Opie's last nine years of life.[5][10][19]
Opie painted many notable men and women including Mary Wollstonecraft, Samuel Johnson,[20] Francesco Bartolozzi,[21] John Bannister, Joseph Munden,[22] Charles James Fox,[23] William Betty,[24] Edmund Burke, John Crome, James Northcote, Henry Fuseli, Thomas Girtin, Robert Southey, Samuel Parr, Elizabeth Inchbald and Mary Shelley; 508 portraits in all, mostly in oil, and 252 other pictures.[10] Opie painted the portrait of Captain Mark Oates whom he had seen paint a butterfly when both men were young.[25][26] Opie painted the portrait of George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend who, in February 1792 became Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk - the county from which Opie's wife hailed.[27][28]
Jane Beetham Read was the only female student that Opie ever taught. He painted her portrait between 1790 and 1800, and asked for her hand in marriage around 1796, but her father rejected the marriage.
Teaching and writing
[edit]In 1805, Opie was appointed a professor at the Royal Academy and from May 1806 gave a series of four lectures which were published as a book after his death, with a memoir by his widow Amelia Opie, in 1809.[29] His students at the academy included Henry Thomson. Opie was also known as a writer on art by his Life of Reynolds in Wolcot's edition of Matthew Pilkington's Dictionary of Painters and his Letter on the Cultivation of the Fine Arts in England, in which he advocated the formation of a national gallery.[5]
Death
[edit]Opie died in April 1807, aged 45, at his home in Berners Street, and was buried at St Paul's Cathedral, in the crypt next to Joshua Reynolds, as he had wished.[30] Royal etiquete allowed for Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester to follow the Opie funeral procession in his carriages to St Paul's Cathedral. Opie's last portrait was of the Prince with whom Opie's wife, Amelia, shared a great interest in Abolitionism. Amongst the mourners at Opie's funeral were Sir Thomas Lawrence, J.M.W. Turner, Peter Finch Martineau and Henry Bone. Opie had no children.[31][32][33]
Gallery
[edit]-
Amelia Opie by John Opie, 1798
-
Henry Fuseli by John Opie
-
Philip Beaver, c.1805
References
[edit]- ^ Hendra, Viv (2007). The Cornish Wonder, A Portrait of John Opie. Truro: Truran. pp. 3, 165. ISBN 978-1-85022-216-3.
- ^ "St Agnes". The Cornishman. No. 105. 15 July 1880. p. 5.
- ^ a b Earland 1911, pp. 1–8.
- ^ Rogers, 1878, pp. 10-14
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 129.
- ^ Earland 1911, p.26
- ^ Earland 1911, pp.20-1
- ^ Earland 1911, p.12
- ^ Earland 1911, p.26; the artist's name is given as "Master Oppy".
- ^ a b c d e f g "Opie, John". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. pp. 230–233.
- ^ Earland 1911, pp. 31–2
- ^ "William Frederick (1776–1834), 2nd Duke of Gloucester - by John Opie [held] at Trinity College, Cambridge". Art UK® is a registered trade mark of the Public Catalogue Foundation. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ^ National Portrait Gallery London. © 2023 National Portrait Gallery. 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
1799 Oil by Opie, probably of Princess Charlotte, listed in Ada Earland, John Opie and his Circle, 1911, p 268.
- ^ Eraland, A. (1911). John Opie and His Circle. Hutichinson and Company. p. 147. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
But Opie's love for his wife led him to desire her constant presence . Devoted as ever to his work , he was not willing to enter into society more than could be helped , while she , full of the joy of living , delighted in gaiety of all ...
- ^ Eger, E. (2013). Bluestockings Displayed: Portraiture, Performance and... Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 9781316154250.
The bluestockings actively participated in this project of promoting female learning through visual culture. ... Frances Boscawen commissioned John Opie's 1786 portrait of Hannah More, while another ...[he painted Mrs Delany, Samuel Johnson, Mary Wollstonecraft and his own wife Amelia]...
- ^ Tait, D. (2018). Cornwall: Romans to Victorians. Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 9781526721716. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
The 2nd Baron, Richard (1716–1761) was a close friend of Horace Walpole as was his brother, George, the 1st Earl (1721–1795). George was also friends with Joshua Reynolds, David Garrick and John Opie and became part of the 'Strawberry Hill' set...
- ^ Earland 1911, p.50
- ^ Earland, 1911, p. 124.
- ^ The Magazine Antiques. Straight Enterprises. 1984. p. 1390. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
The cash book is in the Holkham Hall ... Mr. Robinson points out that Coke of Norfolk commissioned a number of paintings of his Whig friends, such as John Opie's painting of Charles James Fox which also now hangs at Holkham.
- ^ Dr. Samuel Johnson (Philip Mould Fine Paintings).
- ^ Portrait of F. Bartolozzi (National Portrait Gallery, London).
- ^ Portrait of J S Munden (National Portrait Gallery).
- ^ Charles james Fox (Philip Mould Fine Paintings).
- ^ William Betty as "The Young Roscius" (National Portrait Gallery, London).
- ^ Earland, A. (1911). John Opie and His Circle (PDF). Hutchinson & Company. p. 296. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Blackwood, James. Men who have made themselves... J. Blackwood, Paternoster Row. p. 311. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
...he saw Mark Oates, an elder companion and afterwards captain of marines ..draw a butterfly
- ^ "John Opie". Artnet Worldwide Corporation. 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
John Opie Portrait of George 1st Marquess Townshend (..., 1767 Sale Date: April 26, 2018 Auction Closed
- ^ "No. 13389". The London Gazette. 14 February 1792. p. 109.
- ^ Opie, John Lectures on painting, delivered at the Royal Academy of Arts (London, Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1809).
- ^ "Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral" Sinclair, W. p. 465: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.
- ^ Hendra, Viv (2007). "The Funeral". The Cornish Wonder - A Portrait of John Opie. Truro: Truran. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-85022-216-3.
- ^ Farrant, Ann (2015). Martineau Society - Amelia Opie (PDF). Martineau Society. p. 20,21,22,23. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
This was Prince William Frederick, the Duke of Gloucester, a staunch advocate of the abolition of slavery. Amelia had first met him in the 1790s, when he was a guest of the Gurneys of Earlham on several occasions. Louisa and Richenda Gurney wrote glowing accounts of him in their journals, describing him as sociable and agreeable. John Opie's last portrait was of the Duke; it was completed just before his death. The Duke wrote a letter of sympathy to Amelia and said he was glad Royal etiquette allowed him to follow the Opie funeral procession in his carriage to St. Paul's Cathedral...Writing to W.J. Fox in May 1832, she [Harriet Martineau] mentioned Demerara, her short story set on a West Indies plantation: 'I have sent Demerara to the Duke of Gloucester through Mrs. Opie who knows him [Prince William, Duke of Gloucester] well and has taken me up vehemently.'
- ^ "FUNERAL OF THE LATE J. OPIE, ESQ. R. A". Norfolk Chronicle Norfolk, England. 25 April 1807. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
Thomas Lawrence,esq.,... J. M. W. Turner, James Northcote, esq.,... Peter Martineau...• ASSOCIATES Henry Bone...
Further reading
[edit]An exhaustive list of Opie's exhibited works, private commissions etc. can be found in Ada Earland's book "John Opie and his circle" (1911, p. 251 ff.).
- Cole's old English masters. Wikisource. – via
- Edwards, B. B. & Bulfinch, S. G. Biography of self-taught men: with an introductory essay (Boston: J.E. Tilton and company, 1859) pp. 191–201.
- Tregellas, Walter Hawken. Cornish worthies: sketches of some eminent Cornish men and families, volume 2 (London: E. Stock, 1884) pp. 243–278.
- Earland, Ada. John Opie and his circle (London : Hutchinson & co., 1911).
- Rogers, John Jope. Opie and his works (London: P. and D. Colnaghi and co. etc., 1878).
- Simon, Robin. "Opie, John (1761–1807)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20800. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
External links
[edit]- Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections
- John Opie on Artcyclopedia
- The Cornish wonder: John Opie R.A. Archived 23 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine (Official website of the book of the same name by Viv Hendra)
- 198 artworks by or after John Opie at the Art UK site
- John Opie on Artnet
- Portraits of: Maria Godsal; Young woman in a white dress; A young boy; A Boy with a Staff; A beggar boy (Philip Mould Fine Paintings - accessed 23 Feb 2011)
- 1761 births
- 1807 deaths
- 18th-century English painters
- 19th-century English painters
- English landscape painters
- Burials at St Paul's Cathedral
- Painters from Cornwall
- English male painters
- English portrait painters
- People from St Agnes, Cornwall
- Royal Academicians
- 19th-century English male artists
- 18th-century English male artists