Baiera: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Extinct genus of seed plants in the family Ginkgoaceae}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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{{Automatic_taxobox |
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| name = ''Baiera'' |
| name = ''Baiera'' |
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| image = Baiera gracilis.jpg |
| image = Baiera gracilis.jpg |
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| taxon = Baiera |
| taxon = Baiera |
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| authority = {{ill|Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun|de|lt=Braun}}, 1843 |
| authority = {{ill|Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun|de|lt=Braun}}, 1843 |
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| fossil_range = {{fossil range|298.9|94.3|PS=<ref>{{Cite web|url= |
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|298.9|94.3|PS=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=288241|title=Fossilworks: Baiera|website=fossilworks.org}}</ref>}} [[Permian]]–[[Cretaceous]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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| subdivision = †''Baiera africana''<br/>†''Baiera darleyensis''<br/>†''Baiera digitata''<br/>†''Baiera gracilis''<br/>†''Baiera mansfeldensis''<br/>{{extinct}}''Baiera muensteriana'' |
| subdivision = †''Baiera africana''<br/>†''Baiera darleyensis''<br/>†''Baiera digitata''<br/>†''Baiera gracilis''<br/>†''Baiera mansfeldensis''<br/>{{extinct}}''Baiera muensteriana'' |
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'''''Baiera''''' is a genus of prehistoric [[gymnosperm]]s in the order [[Ginkgoales]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url= |
'''''Baiera''''' is a genus of prehistoric [[gymnosperm]]s in the order [[Ginkgoales]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=288241|title=Fossilworks: Baiera|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> It is one of the oldest fossil foliage types of Ginkgoales,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2019-09-01|title=Cuticle ultrastructure of Baiera furcata from Northeast China and its implication in taxonomy and paleoenvironment|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666719300077|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|language=en|volume=268|pages=95–108|doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.006|issn=0034-6667|last1=Guignard|first1=Gaëtan|last2=Yang|first2=Xiao-Ju|last3=Wang|first3=Yong-Dong|bibcode=2019RPaPa.268...95G |s2cid=199103806 }}</ref> and is related to the genera ''[[Ginkgo]]'' and ''[[Ginkgoites]]''. Fossils of ''Baiera'' are found worldwide, and have been known from the [[Permian]] to the [[Cretaceous]]. |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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[[File:Baiera.jpg|thumb|Artist's reconstruction of ''Baiera''.]] |
[[File:Baiera.jpg|thumb|Artist's reconstruction of ''Baiera''.]] |
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''Baiera'' species are characterized by fan-shaped leaves<ref name=":0">Pott, Christian & Burgh, J. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Johanna. (2016). New Ginkgophytes from the Upper Triassic–Lower Cretaceous of Spitsbergen and Edgeøya (Svalbard, Arctic Norway): The History of Ginkgoales on Svalbard. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177. 175-197. 10.1086/684194.</ref> |
''Baiera'' species are characterized by fan-shaped leaves,<ref name=":0">Pott, Christian & Burgh, J. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Johanna. (2016). New Ginkgophytes from the Upper Triassic–Lower Cretaceous of Spitsbergen and Edgeøya (Svalbard, Arctic Norway): The History of Ginkgoales on Svalbard. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177. 175-197. 10.1086/684194.</ref> are deeply lobed into four segments,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ginkgophyte {{!}} plant division|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/ginkgophyte#ref411068|access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> deeply incised into slender segments,<ref name=":0" /> and are distinguished from ''[[Sphenobaiera]]'' by a petiole.<ref name=":0" /> |
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⚫ | ''B. africana'' is characterized by its symmetrical and triangular leaves.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barboni|first1=Ronaldo|last2=Dutra|first2=Tânia Lindner|date=November 2015|title=First record of ''Ginkgo''-related fertile organs (''Hamshawvia'', ''Stachyopitys'') and leaves (''Baiera'', ''Sphenobaiera'') in the Triassic of Brazil, Santa Maria formation |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=63|pages=417–435|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2015.08.001 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2015JSAES..63..417B }}</ref> |
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⚫ | ''B. africana'' is characterized by its symmetrical and triangular leaves.<ref>{{Cite journal| |
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== Classification == |
== Classification == |
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Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun first introduced the name ''Baiera'' in 1843 to refer to fossils in Germany that he interpreted as ginkgophytes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal| |
Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun first introduced the name ''Baiera'' in 1843 to refer to fossils in Germany that he interpreted as ginkgophytes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Bauer|first1=K.|last2=Kustatscher|first2=E.|last3=Krings|first3=M.|date=2013|title=The ginkgophytes from the German Kupferschiefer (Permian), with considerations on the taxonomic history and use of Baiera and Sphenobaiera|url=https://core.ac.uk/display/194458482?recSetID=|journal=Bulletin of Geosciences|pages=539–556|language=en-gb|doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.1394|via=Core|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1936, [[Carl Rudolf Florin]] used ''Baiera'' to refer to leaves with a distinct stalk or petiole and with a semicircular or triangular shape.<ref name=":3" /> |
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=== Placement of ''Baiera'' === |
=== Placement of ''Baiera'' === |
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Gerd Dietl and Günter Schweigert (2011) place ''Baiera'' in the family [[Ginkgoaceae]]<ref name=":2" /> |
Gerd Dietl and Günter Schweigert (2011) place ''Baiera'' in the family [[Ginkgoaceae]],<ref name=":2" /> while a 2015 classification by Andriy Novikoff and Beata Barabasz-Krasny places it in the [[Karkeniaceae]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=IRMNG - Baiera C.F.W. Braun, 1843 †|url=https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1314580|access-date=2021-05-09|website=www.irmng.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Novikoff|first1=Andrew|url=http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164|title=Modern plant systematics|last2=Barabasz-Krasny|first2=Beata|date=2015|publisher=Liga-Pres|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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[[Category:Ginkgophyta]] |
[[Category:Ginkgophyta]] |
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[[Category:Prehistoric |
[[Category:Prehistoric gymnosperm genera]] |
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[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1843]] |
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{{paleo-gymnosperm-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 06:27, 18 November 2024
Baiera Temporal range: Permian–Cretaceous
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Baiera gracilis fossil | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Gymnospermae |
Division: | Ginkgophyta |
Class: | Ginkgoopsida |
Order: | Ginkgoales |
Family: | Ginkgoaceae |
Genus: | †Baiera Braun , 1843 |
Species | |
†Baiera africana |
Baiera is a genus of prehistoric gymnosperms in the order Ginkgoales.[2] It is one of the oldest fossil foliage types of Ginkgoales,[3] and is related to the genera Ginkgo and Ginkgoites. Fossils of Baiera are found worldwide, and have been known from the Permian to the Cretaceous.
Description
[edit]Baiera species are characterized by fan-shaped leaves,[4] are deeply lobed into four segments,[5] deeply incised into slender segments,[4] and are distinguished from Sphenobaiera by a petiole.[4]
B. africana is characterized by its symmetrical and triangular leaves.[6]
Classification
[edit]Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun first introduced the name Baiera in 1843 to refer to fossils in Germany that he interpreted as ginkgophytes.[7] In 1936, Carl Rudolf Florin used Baiera to refer to leaves with a distinct stalk or petiole and with a semicircular or triangular shape.[7]
Placement of Baiera
[edit]Gerd Dietl and Günter Schweigert (2011) place Baiera in the family Ginkgoaceae,[2] while a 2015 classification by Andriy Novikoff and Beata Barabasz-Krasny places it in the Karkeniaceae.[8][9]
References
[edit]- ^ "Fossilworks: Baiera". fossilworks.org.
- ^ a b "Fossilworks: Baiera". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ Guignard, Gaëtan; Yang, Xiao-Ju; Wang, Yong-Dong (2019-09-01). "Cuticle ultrastructure of Baiera furcata from Northeast China and its implication in taxonomy and paleoenvironment". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 268: 95–108. Bibcode:2019RPaPa.268...95G. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.006. ISSN 0034-6667. S2CID 199103806.
- ^ a b c Pott, Christian & Burgh, J. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Johanna. (2016). New Ginkgophytes from the Upper Triassic–Lower Cretaceous of Spitsbergen and Edgeøya (Svalbard, Arctic Norway): The History of Ginkgoales on Svalbard. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177. 175-197. 10.1086/684194.
- ^ "Ginkgophyte | plant division". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
- ^ Barboni, Ronaldo; Dutra, Tânia Lindner (November 2015). "First record of Ginkgo-related fertile organs (Hamshawvia, Stachyopitys) and leaves (Baiera, Sphenobaiera) in the Triassic of Brazil, Santa Maria formation". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 63: 417–435. Bibcode:2015JSAES..63..417B. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2015.08.001.
- ^ a b Bauer, K.; Kustatscher, E.; Krings, M. (2013). "The ginkgophytes from the German Kupferschiefer (Permian), with considerations on the taxonomic history and use of Baiera and Sphenobaiera". Bulletin of Geosciences: 539–556. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1394 – via Core.
- ^ "IRMNG - Baiera C.F.W. Braun, 1843 †". www.irmng.org. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
- ^ Novikoff, Andrew; Barabasz-Krasny, Beata (2015). Modern plant systematics. Liga-Pres. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164.