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{{Short description|Extinct genus of seed plants in the family Ginkgoaceae}}
{{Taxobox
{{Distinguish|text=two unaccepted genera with a similar name, [[Baeria (disambiguation)|Baeria]]}}
⚫
| image = Baiera.jpg
{{Italic title}}
⚫
| image_caption = Artist's reconstruction of ''Baiera''
{{Automatic taxobox
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| name = ''Baiera''
| divisio = [[Ginkgophyta]]
⚫
| image = Baiera gracilis.jpg
| classis = [[Ginkgoopsida]]
| image_caption = ''Baiera gracilis'' fossil
| ordo = [[Ginkgoales]]
| taxon = Baiera
| familia = [[Ginkgoaceae]]
| authority = {{ill|Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun|de|lt=Braun}}, 1843
| genus = [[Extinction|†]]'''''Baiera'''''
⚫
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|298.9|94.3|PS=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=288241|title=Fossilworks: Baiera|website=fossilworks.org}}</ref>}} [[Permian]]–[[Cretaceous]]
| genus_authority = Braun, 1843
⚫
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|298.9|94.3|PS=<ref>http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=taxonInfo&taxon_no=288241#</ref>}} [[Permian]]–[[Cretaceous]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = †''Baiera digitata''<br/>†''Baiera mansfeldensis''<br/>
| subdivision = †''Baiera africana''<br/>†''Baiera darleyensis''<br/>†''Baiera digitata''<br/>†''Baiera gracilis''<br/>†''Baiera mansfeldensis''<br/>{{extinct}}''Baiera muensteriana''
}}
}}


'''''Baiera''''' is a genus of prehistoric [[gymnosperm]]s in the order ''[[Ginkgoales]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=taxonInfo&taxon_no=288241|title=Fossilworks: Baiera|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> It is related to the genera ''[[Ginkgo]]'' and ''[[Ginkgoites]]''. It is lobed into four segments and has no stalk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/ginkgophyte#ref411068|title=Ginkgophyte {{!}} plant division|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-02-03|language=en}}</ref> Fossils of ''Baiera'' have been known from the [[Permian]] to the [[Cretaceous]].
'''''Baiera''''' is a genus of prehistoric [[gymnosperm]]s in the order [[Ginkgoales]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=288241|title=Fossilworks: Baiera|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> It is one of the oldest fossil foliage types of Ginkgoales,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2019-09-01|title=Cuticle ultrastructure of Baiera furcata from Northeast China and its implication in taxonomy and paleoenvironment|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666719300077|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|language=en|volume=268|pages=95–108|doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.006|issn=0034-6667|last1=Guignard|first1=Gaëtan|last2=Yang|first2=Xiao-Ju|last3=Wang|first3=Yong-Dong|bibcode=2019RPaPa.268...95G |s2cid=199103806 }}</ref> and is related to the genera ''[[Ginkgo]]'' and ''[[Ginkgoites]]''. Fossils of ''Baiera'' are found worldwide, and have been known from the [[Permian]] to the [[Cretaceous]].

== Description ==
⚫
[[File:Baiera.jpg|thumb|Artist's reconstruction of ''Baiera''.]]
''Baiera'' species are characterized by fan-shaped leaves,<ref name=":0">Pott, Christian & Burgh, J. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Johanna. (2016). New Ginkgophytes from the Upper Triassic–Lower Cretaceous of Spitsbergen and Edgeøya (Svalbard, Arctic Norway): The History of Ginkgoales on Svalbard. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177. 175-197. 10.1086/684194.</ref> are deeply lobed into four segments,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ginkgophyte {{!}} plant division|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/ginkgophyte#ref411068|access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> deeply incised into slender segments,<ref name=":0" /> and are distinguished from ''[[Sphenobaiera]]'' by a petiole.<ref name=":0" />

''B. africana'' is characterized by its symmetrical and triangular leaves.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barboni|first1=Ronaldo|last2=Dutra|first2=Tânia Lindner|date=November 2015|title=First record of ''Ginkgo''-related fertile organs (''Hamshawvia'', ''Stachyopitys'') and leaves (''Baiera'', ''Sphenobaiera'') in the Triassic of Brazil, Santa Maria formation |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=63|pages=417–435|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2015.08.001 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2015JSAES..63..417B }}</ref>

== Classification ==
Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun first introduced the name ''Baiera'' in 1843 to refer to fossils in Germany that he interpreted as ginkgophytes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Bauer|first1=K.|last2=Kustatscher|first2=E.|last3=Krings|first3=M.|date=2013|title=The ginkgophytes from the German Kupferschiefer (Permian), with considerations on the taxonomic history and use of Baiera and Sphenobaiera|url=https://core.ac.uk/display/194458482?recSetID=|journal=Bulletin of Geosciences|pages=539–556|language=en-gb|doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.1394|via=Core|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1936, [[Carl Rudolf Florin]] used ''Baiera'' to refer to leaves with a distinct stalk or petiole and with a semicircular or triangular shape.<ref name=":3" />

=== Placement of ''Baiera'' ===
Gerd Dietl and Günter Schweigert (2011) place ''Baiera'' in the family [[Ginkgoaceae]],<ref name=":2" /> while a 2015 classification by Andriy Novikoff and Beata Barabasz-Krasny places it in the [[Karkeniaceae]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=IRMNG - Baiera C.F.W. Braun, 1843 †|url=https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1314580|access-date=2021-05-09|website=www.irmng.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Novikoff|first1=Andrew|url=http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164|title=Modern plant systematics|last2=Barabasz-Krasny|first2=Beata|date=2015|publisher=Liga-Pres|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q48816806}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11077339}}


[[Category:Ginkgophyta]]
[[Category:Ginkgophyta]]
[[Category:Prehistoric plant taxa]]
[[Category:Prehistoric gymnosperm genera]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1843]]




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Latest revision as of 06:27, 18 November 2024

Not to be confused with two unaccepted genera with a similar name, Baeria.

Baiera
Temporal range: 298.9–94.3 Ma [1] Permian–Cretaceous
Baiera gracilis fossil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Ginkgophyta
Class: Ginkgoopsida
Order: Ginkgoales
Family: Ginkgoaceae
Genus: †Baiera
Braun [de], 1843
Species

†Baiera africana
†Baiera darleyensis
†Baiera digitata
†Baiera gracilis
†Baiera mansfeldensis
†Baiera muensteriana

Baiera is a genus of prehistoric gymnosperms in the order Ginkgoales.[2] It is one of the oldest fossil foliage types of Ginkgoales,[3] and is related to the genera Ginkgo and Ginkgoites. Fossils of Baiera are found worldwide, and have been known from the Permian to the Cretaceous.

Description

[edit]
Artist's reconstruction of Baiera.

Baiera species are characterized by fan-shaped leaves,[4] are deeply lobed into four segments,[5] deeply incised into slender segments,[4] and are distinguished from Sphenobaiera by a petiole.[4]

B. africana is characterized by its symmetrical and triangular leaves.[6]

Classification

[edit]

Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun first introduced the name Baiera in 1843 to refer to fossils in Germany that he interpreted as ginkgophytes.[7] In 1936, Carl Rudolf Florin used Baiera to refer to leaves with a distinct stalk or petiole and with a semicircular or triangular shape.[7]

Placement of Baiera

[edit]

Gerd Dietl and Günter Schweigert (2011) place Baiera in the family Ginkgoaceae,[2] while a 2015 classification by Andriy Novikoff and Beata Barabasz-Krasny places it in the Karkeniaceae.[8][9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Fossilworks: Baiera". fossilworks.org.
  2. ^ a b "Fossilworks: Baiera". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  3. ^ Guignard, Gaëtan; Yang, Xiao-Ju; Wang, Yong-Dong (2019-09-01). "Cuticle ultrastructure of Baiera furcata from Northeast China and its implication in taxonomy and paleoenvironment". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 268: 95–108. Bibcode:2019RPaPa.268...95G. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.006. ISSN 0034-6667. S2CID 199103806.
  4. ^ a b c Pott, Christian & Burgh, J. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Johanna. (2016). New Ginkgophytes from the Upper Triassic–Lower Cretaceous of Spitsbergen and Edgeøya (Svalbard, Arctic Norway): The History of Ginkgoales on Svalbard. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177. 175-197. 10.1086/684194.
  5. ^ "Ginkgophyte | plant division". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  6. ^ Barboni, Ronaldo; Dutra, Tânia Lindner (November 2015). "First record of Ginkgo-related fertile organs (Hamshawvia, Stachyopitys) and leaves (Baiera, Sphenobaiera) in the Triassic of Brazil, Santa Maria formation". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 63: 417–435. Bibcode:2015JSAES..63..417B. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2015.08.001.
  7. ^ a b Bauer, K.; Kustatscher, E.; Krings, M. (2013). "The ginkgophytes from the German Kupferschiefer (Permian), with considerations on the taxonomic history and use of Baiera and Sphenobaiera". Bulletin of Geosciences: 539–556. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1394 – via Core.
  8. ^ "IRMNG - Baiera C.F.W. Braun, 1843 †". www.irmng.org. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  9. ^ Novikoff, Andrew; Barabasz-Krasny, Beata (2015). Modern plant systematics. Liga-Pres. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164.


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