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{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Dénes Kőnig
| name = Dénes Kőnig
| image = Dénes König.jpg
| image = Denes Konig 1928.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption = In 1928
| birth_date = {{birth date|1884|09|21}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1884|09|21}}
| birth_place = [[Budapest]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| birth_place = [[Budapest]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1944|10|19|1884|09|21}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1944|10|19|1884|09|21}}
| death_place = Budapest, [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]]
| death_place = Budapest, Hungary
| nationality = [[Kingdom of Hungary]]
| nationality = Hungarian
| fields = [[Mathematics]]
| fields = [[Mathematics]]
| workplaces = [[Technical University of Budapest]]
| workplaces = [[Technical University of Budapest]]
Line 17: Line 17:
*[[Hermann Minkowski]]}}
*[[Hermann Minkowski]]}}
| doctoral_students = [[Tibor Gallai]]
| doctoral_students = [[Tibor Gallai]]
| known_for =
| known_for = Publishing the first textbook on [[Graph theory]]
| awards =
| awards =
| father = [[Gyula Kőnig]]
}}
}}
'''Dénes Kőnig''' (September 21, 1884 – October 19, 1944) was a Hungarian [[mathematician]] of [[Hungarian Jews|Jewish]] heritage who worked in and wrote the first textbook on the field of [[graph theory]].
'''Dénes Kőnig''' (September 21, 1884 – October 19, 1944) was a Hungarian mathematician of Hungarian Jewish heritage who worked in and wrote the first textbook on the field of [[graph theory]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Kőnig was born in [[Budapest]], the son of mathematician [[Gyula Kőnig]]. In 1907, he received his doctorate<ref name="Richard McCoart">{{cite book|first=Dénes|last=Kőnig|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/theoryoffinitein0000koni/page/423 423]|url=https://archive.org/details/theoryoffinitein0000koni/page/423}} Translated by Richard McCoart; with commentary by W.T. Tutte.</ref> at, and joined the faculty of the Royal Joseph University in Budapest (today [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]]). His classes were visited by [[Paul Erdős]], who, as a first year student, solved one of his problems. Kőnig became a full professor there in 1935.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> To honor his fathers' death in 1913, Kőnig and his brother György created the [[Gyula Kőnig]] prize in 1918.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> This prize was meant to be an endowment for young mathematicians, however was later devaluated. But the prize remained as a medal of high scientific recognition. In 1899, he published his first work while still attending High School<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> in a journal ''Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok''. After his graduation in 1902, he won first place in a mathematical competition "Eötvös Loránd".<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> Shortly after he wrote the first of two book collections ''Matematikai Mulatságok'' (Mathematical Entertainments). He spent four semesters at the university in Budapest and his last five in Göttingen, during which he studied under the famous mathematicians [[József Kürschák]] and [[Hermann Minkowski]]. He then received his doctorate <ref name="Richard McCoart" /> in 1907 due to his dissertation in geometry, that same year he began working for the Technische Hochschule in [[Budapest]] and remained a part of the faculty till his death in 1944. At first he started as an assistant in problem sessions, in 1910 he was promoted to "oberassistant",<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> and then promoted to "Privatdocent" <ref name="Richard McCoart" /> in 1911 teaching [[nomography]], analysis situs (later to be known as [[topology]]), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory (the name "[[graph theory]]" didn't appear in the university catalogue until 1927). During this time he would be a guest speaker giving mathematics lecture for architecture and chemistry students, in 1920 these lectures made their way into book form.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> at the Technische Hochschule.
Kőnig was born in [[Budapest]], the son of mathematician [[Gyula Kőnig]]. In 1907, he received his doctorate<ref name="Richard McCoart">{{cite book|first=Dénes|last=Kőnig|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/theoryoffinitein0000koni/page/423 423]|url=https://archive.org/details/theoryoffinitein0000koni/page/423}} Translated by Richard McCoart; with commentary by W.T. Tutte.</ref> at, and joined the faculty of the Royal Joseph University in Budapest (today [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]]). His classes were visited by [[Paul Erdős]], who, as a first year student, solved one of his problems. Kőnig became a full professor there in 1935.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> To honor his fathers' death in 1913, Kőnig and his brother György created the [[Gyula Kőnig]] prize in 1918.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> This prize was meant to be an endowment for young mathematicians, however was later devaluated. But the prize remained as a medal of high scientific recognition. In 1899, he published his first work while still attending High School<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> in a journal ''Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok''. After his graduation in 1902, he won first place in a mathematical competition "Eötvös Loránd".<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> Shortly after he wrote the first of two book collections ''Matematikai Mulatságok'' (Mathematical Entertainments). He spent four semesters at the university in Budapest and his last five in Göttingen, during which he studied under the famous mathematicians [[József Kürschák]] and [[Hermann Minkowski]]. He then received his doctorate <ref name="Richard McCoart" /> in 1907 due to his dissertation in geometry, that same year he began working for the Technische Hochschule in Budapest and remained a part of the faculty till his death in 1944. At first he started as an assistant in problem sessions, in 1910 he was promoted to "oberassistant",<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> and then promoted to "Privatdocent" <ref name="Richard McCoart" /> in 1911 teaching [[nomography]], analysis situs (later to be known as [[topology]]), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory (the name "[[graph theory]]" didn't appear in the university catalogue until 1927). During this time he would be a guest speaker giving mathematics lecture for architecture and chemistry students, in 1920 these lectures made their way into book form.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> at the Technische Hochschule.


[[File:Dénes König.jpg|thumb|260px|The young Kőnig]]
From 1915 to 1942 he was on a committee to judge school contests in mathematics, collecting problems for these contests, and organizing them.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> Then in 1933 he was elected as secretary of the society <ref name="Richard McCoart" /> and in 1942 he became the chairman of this committee.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> He then decided to make edits in the society's journal during his time on the committee till his death.
From 1915 to 1942 he was on a committee to judge school contests in mathematics, collecting problems for these contests, and organizing them.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> Then in 1933 he was elected as secretary of the society <ref name="Richard McCoart" /> and in 1942 he became the chairman of this committee.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> He then decided to make edits in the society's journal during his time on the committee till his death.


Kőnig's activities and lectures played a vital role in the growth of graph theoretical work of: László Egyed, [[Paul Erdős]], [[Tibor Gallai]], [[György Hajós]], József Kraus, [[Tibor Szele]], [[Pál Turán]], Endre Vázsonyi, and many others.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> He went on to write the first book on [[graph theory]] ''Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen'' in 1936.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> This marked the beginning of graph theory as its own branch of mathematics. Then in 1958, [[Claude Berge]] wrote the second book on graph theory, ''Théorie des Graphes et ses applications'',<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> following Kőnig.
Kőnig's activities and lectures played a vital role in the growth of graph theoretical work of: László Egyed, [[Paul Erdős]], [[Tibor Gallai]], [[György Hajós]], József Kraus, [[Tibor Szele]], [[Pál Turán]], Endre Vázsonyi, and many others.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> He went on to write the first book on graph theory ''Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen'' in 1936.<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> This marked the beginning of graph theory as its own branch of mathematics. Then in 1958, [[Claude Berge]] wrote the second book on graph theory, ''Théorie des Graphes et ses applications'',<ref name="Richard McCoart" /> following Kőnig.


After the [[Operation Margarethe|occupation of Hungary]] by [[Nazi Germany]], he worked to help persecuted mathematicians. On October 15, 1944 the National Socialist [[Arrow Cross Party]] took over the country. Days later on October 19, 1944 he committed suicide to evade persecution from the Nazis for being a Hungarian Jew.<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
After the [[Operation Margarethe|occupation of Hungary]] by [[Nazi Germany]], he worked to help persecuted mathematicians. On October 15, 1944, the National Socialist [[Arrow Cross Party]] took over the country. Days later on October 19, 1944, he committed suicide to evade persecution from the Nazis for being a Hungarian Jew.<ref name="Richard McCoart" />


==Accomplishments==
==Accomplishments==
:1899 – ''Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok'' written while attending High School<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1899 – ''Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok'' written while attending High School<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1902 – First place in "Eötvös Lorád"<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1902 – First place in "Eötvös Loránd"<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1907 – received his Doctorate Degree<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1907 – received his Doctorate Degree<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1910 – promoted to "oberassistant"<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1910 – promoted to "oberassistant"<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1911 – promoted to "Privatdocent" in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as [[topology]]), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1911 – promoted to "Privatdocent" in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as topology), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1935 – gained full professorship at Technische Hochschule<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1935 – gained full professorship at Technische Hochschule<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1936 – he wrote the first book on [[graph theory]], ''Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen''<ref name="Richard McCoart" />
:1936 – he wrote the first book on graph theory, ''Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen''<ref name="Richard McCoart" />


== Dénes König Prize ==
== Dénes König Prize ==
The '''Dénes König Prize''' is a prize established and given by the [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]] Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics to an early career researcher for outstanding research in an area of discrete mathematics. The first award was given in 2008, and it had been given biennially thereafter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.siam.org/prizes/sponsored/konig.php|title=SIAM: Dénes König Prize|website=www.siam.org|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref> The award is named after Dénes Kőnig, a Hungarian mathematician who was an earlier pioneer of discrete mathematics.
The '''Dénes König Prize''' is a prize established and given by the [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]] Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics to an early career researcher for outstanding research in an area of discrete mathematics. The first award was given in 2008, and it had been given biennially thereafter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.siam.org/prizes/sponsored/konig.php|title=SIAM: Dénes König Prize|website=www.siam.org|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref>


=== Past award recipients ===
=== Past award recipients ===
Line 69: Line 71:
|2020
|2020
|[[Matthew Kwan]]
|[[Matthew Kwan]]
|-
|2022
|[[Sarah Peluse]]
|-
|2024
|[[Jinyoung Park (mathematician)|Jinyoung Park]] and [[Huy Tuan Pham]]
|}
|}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Chartrand|first=Gary|title=A first course in graph theory|publisher=Dover Publications|location=Mineola, N.Y.|isbn=9780486483689|author2=Zhang, Ping |author2-link=Ping Zhang (graph theorist)}}
*{{cite book|last=Chartrand|first=Gary|title=A first course in graph theory|publisher=Dover Publications|location=Mineola, N.Y.|isbn=9780486483689|author2=Zhang, Ping |date=January 2012 |author2-link=Ping Zhang (graph theorist)}}
*{{Citation |first=Dénes |last=Kőnig |title=Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen |publisher=[[Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft]] |location=[[Leipzig]] |year=1936 }}. Translated from [[German language|German]] by Richard McCoart, ''Theory of finite and infinite graphs'', Birkhäuser, 1990, {{isbn|0-8176-3389-8}}.
*{{Citation |first=Dénes |last=Kőnig |title=Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen |publisher=[[Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft]] |location=[[Leipzig]] |year=1936 }}. Translated from [[German language|German]] by Richard McCoart, ''Theory of finite and infinite graphs'', Birkhäuser, 1990, {{isbn|0-8176-3389-8}}.


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*[[Labyrinth problem]]
*[[Labyrinth problem]]


==Notes==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1944 suicides]]
[[Category:1944 suicides]]
[[Category:Jewish scientists]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery]]
[[Category:Jewish Hungarian scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Hungarian mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Hungarian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Graph theorists]]
[[Category:Graph theorists]]
[[Category:Suicides by jumping in Hungary]]
[[Category:Suicides by jumping in Hungary]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Mathematicians from Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Mathematics awards]]
[[Category:Mathematics awards]]
[[Category:Suicides by Jews during the Holocaust]]
[[Category:Suicides by Jews during the Holocaust]]

Latest revision as of 07:46, 18 November 2024

Dénes Kőnig
In 1928
Born(1884-09-21)September 21, 1884
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
DiedOctober 19, 1944(1944-10-19) (aged 60)
Budapest, Hungary
NationalityHungarian
Alma materTechnical University of Budapest
Known forPublishing the first textbook on Graph theory
FatherGyula Kőnig
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsTechnical University of Budapest
Doctoral advisor
Doctoral studentsTibor Gallai

Dénes Kőnig (September 21, 1884 – October 19, 1944) was a Hungarian mathematician of Hungarian Jewish heritage who worked in and wrote the first textbook on the field of graph theory.

Biography

[edit]

Kőnig was born in Budapest, the son of mathematician Gyula Kőnig. In 1907, he received his doctorate[1] at, and joined the faculty of the Royal Joseph University in Budapest (today Budapest University of Technology and Economics). His classes were visited by Paul Erdős, who, as a first year student, solved one of his problems. Kőnig became a full professor there in 1935.[1] To honor his fathers' death in 1913, Kőnig and his brother György created the Gyula Kőnig prize in 1918.[1] This prize was meant to be an endowment for young mathematicians, however was later devaluated. But the prize remained as a medal of high scientific recognition. In 1899, he published his first work while still attending High School[1] in a journal Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok. After his graduation in 1902, he won first place in a mathematical competition "Eötvös Loránd".[1] Shortly after he wrote the first of two book collections Matematikai Mulatságok (Mathematical Entertainments). He spent four semesters at the university in Budapest and his last five in Göttingen, during which he studied under the famous mathematicians József Kürschák and Hermann Minkowski. He then received his doctorate [1] in 1907 due to his dissertation in geometry, that same year he began working for the Technische Hochschule in Budapest and remained a part of the faculty till his death in 1944. At first he started as an assistant in problem sessions, in 1910 he was promoted to "oberassistant",[1] and then promoted to "Privatdocent" [1] in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as topology), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory (the name "graph theory" didn't appear in the university catalogue until 1927). During this time he would be a guest speaker giving mathematics lecture for architecture and chemistry students, in 1920 these lectures made their way into book form.[1] at the Technische Hochschule.

The young Kőnig

From 1915 to 1942 he was on a committee to judge school contests in mathematics, collecting problems for these contests, and organizing them.[1] Then in 1933 he was elected as secretary of the society [1] and in 1942 he became the chairman of this committee.[1] He then decided to make edits in the society's journal during his time on the committee till his death.

Kőnig's activities and lectures played a vital role in the growth of graph theoretical work of: László Egyed, Paul Erdős, Tibor Gallai, György Hajós, József Kraus, Tibor Szele, Pál Turán, Endre Vázsonyi, and many others.[1] He went on to write the first book on graph theory Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen in 1936.[1] This marked the beginning of graph theory as its own branch of mathematics. Then in 1958, Claude Berge wrote the second book on graph theory, Théorie des Graphes et ses applications,[1] following Kőnig.

After the occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany, he worked to help persecuted mathematicians. On October 15, 1944, the National Socialist Arrow Cross Party took over the country. Days later on October 19, 1944, he committed suicide to evade persecution from the Nazis for being a Hungarian Jew.[1]

Accomplishments

[edit]
1899 – Matematikai és Fizikai Lapok written while attending High School[1]
1902 – First place in "Eötvös Loránd"[1]
1907 – received his Doctorate Degree[1]
1910 – promoted to "oberassistant"[1]
1911 – promoted to "Privatdocent" in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as topology), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory[1]
1935 – gained full professorship at Technische Hochschule[1]
1936 – he wrote the first book on graph theory, Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen[1]

Dénes König Prize

[edit]

The Dénes König Prize is a prize established and given by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics to an early career researcher for outstanding research in an area of discrete mathematics. The first award was given in 2008, and it had been given biennially thereafter.[2]

Past award recipients

[edit]
Year Winner
2008 Adam Wade Marcus
2010 Jacob Fox
2012 Zeev Dvir
2014 Wojciech Samotij
2016 Lutz Warnke
2018 Yufei Zhao
2020 Matthew Kwan
2022 Sarah Peluse
2024 Jinyoung Park and Huy Tuan Pham

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Chartrand, Gary; Zhang, Ping (January 2012). A first course in graph theory. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486483689.
  • Kőnig, Dénes (1936), Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen, Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. Translated from German by Richard McCoart, Theory of finite and infinite graphs, Birkhäuser, 1990, ISBN 0-8176-3389-8.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Kőnig, Dénes (1990). Theory of finite and infinite graphs. Boston: Birkhäuser. p. 423. ISBN 0-8176-3389-8. Translated by Richard McCoart; with commentary by W.T. Tutte.
  2. ^ "SIAM: Dénes König Prize". www.siam.org. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
[edit]
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