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{{short description|Genus of canid}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Oligocene|Early Miocene}}
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Oligocene|Early Miocene}}
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| type_species = †''Osbornodon fricki''
| type_species = †''Osbornodon fricki''
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| subdivision = See text
* †''O. brachypus''
* †''O. fricki''
* †''[[Osbornodon iamonensis|O. iamonenis]]''
* †''O. renjiei''
* †''O. sensoni''
* †''O. scitulus''
* †''O. wangi''
| range_map = Osbornodon.png
| range_map = Osbornodon.png
| range_map_caption = Approximate range of ''Osbornodon'' based on fossil distribution
| range_map_caption = Approximate range of ''Osbornodon'' based on fossil distribution
}}
}}


'''''Osbornodon''''' ("[[Henry Fairfield Osborn|Osborn]]'s tooth") is an extinct genus of bone-crushing [[canid]] ([[canidae]]) that were endemic to [[North America]] and which lived from the [[Orellan]] age of the [[Early Oligocene]] to [[Early Miocene]] epoch 33.9—15.97 [[Annum|Ma]] ([[Appearance Event Ordination|AEO]]) and existed for approximately {{Mya|33.9-15.97|million years}}.
'''''Osbornodon''''' ("[[Henry Fairfield Osborn|Osborn]]'s tooth") is an extinct genus of [[Canidae|canid]] that were endemic to [[North America]] and which lived from the [[Oligocene]] to the [[Early Miocene]], 33.9—15.97 [[Annum|Ma]] ([[Appearance Event Ordination|AEO]]), existing for approximately {{Mya|34-16|million years}}.
<ref>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41226 Paleobiology Database: ''Osbornodon''].</ref> It was the last surviving genus of the [[Hesperocyoninae|hesperocyonine]] subfamily, the oldest subfamily of canids.<ref name=Wang2008/> The genus is named for [[Henry Fairfield Osborn]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wang |first=Xiaoming |title=Dogs: their fossil relatives and evolutionary history |last2=Tedford |first2=Richard H. |last3=Antón |first3=Mauricio |date=2010 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-13529-0 |location=New York |chapter=3. Diversity: Who is Who in the Dog Family}}</ref>
<ref>[http://paleobackup.nceas.ucsb.edu:8110/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=51226&is_real_user=1 Paleobiology Database: ''Osbornodon'' Basic info].</ref>
⚫
==Species==
⚫
Seven known species of ''Osbornodon'' existed:
*''Osbornodon brachypus'' <small>Cope 1881</small>
⚫
*''Osbornodon fricki'' <small>Wang 1994</small> (18 Ma)
*''[[Osbornodon iamonensis]]'' <small>Sellards 1916</small> (21 Ma)
*''Osbornodon renjiei'' <small>Wang 1994</small> (33 Ma)
*''Osbornodon sesnoni'' <small>Macdonald 1967</small> (32 Ma)
*''Osbornodon scitulus'' <small>Hay 1924</small>
*''Osbornodon wangi'' <small>Hayes 2000</small>


The earlier species were about the size of a small fox, and had teeth suggesting an omnivorous or [[hypocarnivore|hypocarnivorous]] diet. Later species were larger and more actively predaceous. The last species, ''O. fricki'', was about the size of a large wolf.<ref name=Wang2008>{{cite book |last1= Wang |first1= Xiaoming | last2= Tedford | first2= Richard H. | date= 2008 |title= Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History |publisher= Columbia |page= 31 |isbn= 978-0-231-13528-3}}</ref>
==Taxonomy==
''Osbornodon'' was named by Wang (1994). Its type is ''Osbornodon fricki''. It was assigned to Canidae by Wang (1994) and Munthe (1998).<ref>K. Munthe. 1998. Canidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America 124-143</ref>

==Morphology==
Two fossil specimens were examined by Legendre and Roth for [[body mass]]. The first specimen was estimated to have weighed {{Convert|22.2|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}. The second specimen was estimated to have weighed {{Convert|20.2|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}.<ref>S. Legendre and C. Roth. 1988. Correlation of carnassial tooth size and body weight in recent carnivores (Mammalia). Historical Biology 1(1):85-98</ref>

==Genus==
⚫
Seven known species of the genus ''Osbornodon'' existed:
⚫
*''Osbornodon fricki'' (18 Ma)
*''Osbornodon iamonensis'' (synonyms: ''Cynodesmus nobilis'', ''Paradaphoenus tropicalis'') (21 Ma), ''Osbornodon renjiei'' (33 Ma), and ''Osbornodon sesnoni'' (32 Ma).

⚫
==Species==
''Osbornodon scitulus'' appears to be a transitional species that partially fills a large morphological and stratigraphical gap within the ''Osbornodon'' genus. Compared to ''Osbornodon renjiei'' and ''Osbornodon sesnoni'', ''Osbornodon scitulus'' possesses derived characters such as large [[frontal sinus]], high [[sagittal crest]], narrow infraorbital canal, short [[Auditory bulla|bulla]], and broad premolars. ''O. scitulus'' differs from ''Osbornodon wangi'' in larger size and relatively wider P3 and shorter P4. ''O. scitulus'' is distinguishable from ''[[Osbornodon iamonensis]]'' and later species in its primitive characters such as a non-elongated [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]], paroccipital process that is not expanded posteriorly, [[mastoid]] process not reduced, and p4 not differentially enlarged relative to p3 (Wang, 2003).


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*R. M. Nowak. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II (K. Behrensmeyer/K. Behrensmeyer/J. Alroy)
*R. M. Nowak. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II
*Wang, X. 2003. [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/447/19/B279a08.pdf New Material of ''Osbornodon'' from the Early Hemingfordian of Nebraska and Florida]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 279:163-176.


{{Canidae extinct nav}}
{{Canidae extinct nav}}
{{portal|Paleontology}}
{{portal|Paleontology}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3886374}}
{{taxonbar}}


[[Category:Hesperocyonines]]
[[Category:Hesperocyonines]]
[[Category:Oligocene carnivorans]]
[[Category:Oligocene canids]]
[[Category:Miocene carnivorans]]
[[Category:Miocene carnivorans]]
[[Category:Prehistoric mammal genera]]
[[Category:Prehistoric carnivoran genera]]
[[Category:Burdigalian genus extinctions]]
[[Category:Burdigalian genus extinctions]]
[[Category:Prehistoric mammals of North America]]
[[Category:Prehistoric mammals of North America]]
[[Category:Rupelian genus first appearances]]
[[Category:Rupelian genus first appearances]]



{{paleo-carnivora-stub}}
{{paleo-carnivora-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:22, 18 November 2024

Osbornodon
Temporal range: Early Oligocene–Early Miocene
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Subfamily: †Hesperocyoninae
Genus: †Osbornodon
Wang, 1994
Type species
†Osbornodon fricki
Species

See text

Approximate range of Osbornodon based on fossil distribution

Osbornodon ("Osborn's tooth") is an extinct genus of canid that were endemic to North America and which lived from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene, 33.9—15.97 Ma (AEO), existing for approximately 18 million years. [1] It was the last surviving genus of the hesperocyonine subfamily, the oldest subfamily of canids.[2] The genus is named for Henry Fairfield Osborn.[3]

Species

[edit]

Seven known species of Osbornodon existed:

  • Osbornodon brachypus Cope 1881
  • Osbornodon fricki Wang 1994 (18 Ma)
  • Osbornodon iamonensis Sellards 1916 (21 Ma)
  • Osbornodon renjiei Wang 1994 (33 Ma)
  • Osbornodon sesnoni Macdonald 1967 (32 Ma)
  • Osbornodon scitulus Hay 1924
  • Osbornodon wangi Hayes 2000

The earlier species were about the size of a small fox, and had teeth suggesting an omnivorous or hypocarnivorous diet. Later species were larger and more actively predaceous. The last species, O. fricki, was about the size of a large wolf.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Paleobiology Database: Osbornodon.
  2. ^ a b Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008). Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.
  3. ^ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Antón, Mauricio (2010). "3. Diversity: Who is Who in the Dog Family". Dogs: their fossil relatives and evolutionary history. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.
  • R. M. Nowak. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II


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