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{{Short description|Extinct family of mammals}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Original research|date=November 2023}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|taxon = Prolimnocyon
|taxon = Prolimnocyon
|fossil_range = {{fossil_range|55.8|48.6}} late [[Paleocene]] to middle [[Eocene]]
|fossil_range = {{fossil_range|57.0|46.2}} late [[Paleocene]] to middle [[Eocene]]
|image = Prolimnocyon elisabethae Gazin.jpg
|image =
|image_caption =
|image_caption = lower jaw of ''Prolimnocyon antiquus''
|authority = [[William Diller Matthew|Matthew]], 1915
|authority = [[William Diller Matthew|Matthew]], 1915
|type_species = '''''Prolimnocyon atavus'''''
|type_species = †'''''Prolimnocyon atavus'''''
|type_species_authority = Matthew, 1915
|type_species_authority = Matthew, 1915
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision =
|subdivision =
* †''Prolimnocyon antiquus'' {{small|(Matthew & Granger, 1915)}}<ref>W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103</ref>
* †''P. antiquus'' {{small|(Matthew & Granger, 1915)}}<ref>W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103</ref>
* †''Prolimnocyon avatus'' {{small|(Matthew & Granger, 1915)}}
* †''P. atavus'' {{small|(Matthew & Granger, 1915)}}
* †''Prolimnocyon chowi'' {{small|(Meng, 1998)}}<ref>J. Meng, R. J. Zhai and A. R. Wyss (1998.) "The late Paleocene Bayan Ulan fauna of Inner Mongolia, China." Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 34:148-185</ref>
* †''P. chowi'' {{small|(Meng, 1998)}}<ref>J. Meng, R. J. Zhai and A. R. Wyss (1998.) "The late Paleocene Bayan Ulan fauna of Inner Mongolia, China." Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 34:148-185</ref>
* †''Prolimnocyon eerius'' {{small|(Gingerich, 1989)}}<ref>P. D. Gingerich (1989.) "New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of northwestern Wyoming: composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 28:1-97</ref>
* †''P. eerius'' {{small|(Gingerich, 1989)}}<ref>P. D. Gingerich (1989.) "New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of northwestern Wyoming: composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 28:1-97</ref>
* †''Prolimnocyon haematus'' {{small|(Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)}}<ref>P. D. Gingerich and H. A. Deutsch (1989.) "Systematics and Evolution of Early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(13):327-391</ref>
* †''P. haematus'' {{small|(Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)}}<ref>P. D. Gingerich and H. A. Deutsch (1989.) "Systematics and Evolution of Early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(13):327-391</ref>
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=synonyms of species:
{{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=synonyms of species:
Line 22: Line 24:
}}
}}


'''''Prolimnocyon''''' is an extinct genus of [[Hyaenodonta|hyaenodontid]] mammals known from the [[Paleocene]] to the [[Eocene]] of [[Asia]] and [[North America]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=40952 |title=Fossilworks: ''Prolimnocyon'' |publisher= |accessdate=13 March 2016}}</ref> It is the earliest known member of the hyaenodontid family [[Limnocyonidae]].<ref name="Rose2009">{{cite book |first=Kenneth D. |last=Rose |title=The Beginning of the Age of Mammals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyGqD_GWQ7oC&pg=PT203 |year=2009 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-9221-9 |page=203}}</ref>
'''''Prolimnocyon''''' ("before ''[[Limnocyon]]''") is an [[extinct]] [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]] [[genus]] of [[Limnocyonidae|limnocyonid]] [[Hyaenodonta|hyaenodonts]] that lived in [[Asia]] and [[North America]] during the late [[Paleocene]] to middle [[Eocene]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40952 |title=Fossilworks: ''Prolimnocyon'' |publisher= |access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> '''''Prolimnocyon chowi''''' is the earliest known member of the hyaenodontid family Limnocyonidae.<ref name="Rose2009">{{cite book |first=Kenneth D. |last=Rose |title=The Beginning of the Age of Mammals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyGqD_GWQ7oC&pg=PT203 |year=2009 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-9221-9 |page=203}}</ref>

==Phylogeny==
The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Pyrocyon'' are shown in the following cladogram.<ref name=Morlo2003>M. Morlo & G. F. Gunnell (2003.) [https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/41258/C31-2.pdf%3Bsequence=2 "Small Limnocyonines (Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia) From the Bridgerian Middle Eocene of Wyoming: ''Thinocyon'', ''Prolimnocyon'' And ''Iridodon'', New Genus."] Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 31(2):43-78</ref><ref name=Morlo2005>M. Morlo and G. F. Gunnell (2005.) "New species of ''Limnocyon'' (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Bridgerian (middle Eocene)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(1):251-255</ref><ref name=Matthew2017>{{Cite journal |last=Borths |first=Matthew R |last2=Stevens |first2=Nancy J |date=2017 |title=Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia) |url=http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2017/2056-deciduous-hyaenodont-teeth |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=55A |doi=10.26879/776 |via= |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Simbakubwa>{{Cite journal |author1=Matthew R. Borths |author2=Nancy J. Stevens |year=2019 |title=''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'', gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=e1570222 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222}}</ref><ref name=Geodiversitas4213>{{Cite journal |author1=Floréal Solé |author2=Bernard Marandat |author3=Fabrice Lihoreau |year=2020 |title=The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=42 |issue=13 |pages=185–214 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/42/13}}</ref>
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;
|label1=&nbsp;†'''[[Hyaenodonta]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel2=&nbsp;''sensu stricto''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
|1=†''[[Eoproviverra]]''
|2={{clade
|grouplabel1=†'''''Lahimia'' clade'''
|1={{clade
|1=†''[[Lahimia]]'' |barbegin1=purple
|2=†''[[Boualitomus]]'' |barend2=purple
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|grouplabel1=†'''''Tritemnodon'' clade'''
|1={{clade
|1=†'''[[Koholia|Koholiidae]]''' |barbegin1=red
|2=†''[[Tritemnodon]]'' |barend2=red
}}
|2=†'''[[Hyainailouroidea]]'''
}}
|2=†''[[Parvavorodon]]''
|grouplabel3=†'''''Indohyaenodon'' clade'''
|3={{clade
|1=†''[[Glibzegdouia]]'' |barbegin1=yellow
|2=†'''[[Indohyaenodontidae]]''' |barend2=yellow
}} }}
|grouplabel2=†'''''Galecyon'' clade'''
|2=†''[[Galecyon]]'' |barbegin2=blue |barend2=blue
|3={{clade
|1=†''[[Pyrocyon]]''
|2=†''[[Gazinocyon]]''
}} }}
|2={{clade
|1=†'''[[Hyaenodontoidea]]''' [[File:Hyaenodon_horridus_by_R._B._Horsfall_(coloured).jpg|55px]]
|2=†''[[Parvagula]]''
}}
|3={{clade
|grouplabel1=†'''''Sinopa'' clade'''
|1=†'''[[Sinopidae]]''' |barbegin1=green |barend1=green
|2={{clade
|grouplabel1=†'''''Arfia'' clade''' |barbegin1=brown |barend1=brown
|1=†'''[[Arfia|Arfiidae]]'''
|label2=&nbsp;†'''[[Limnocyonidae]]'''&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|thickness=2 |color=#EE7F2D |grouplabel1=†'''''Prolimnocyon'''''
|1=†''Prolimnocyon antiquus'' |barbegin1=#EE7F2D
|2=†''Prolimnocyon eerius'' |bar2=#EE7F2D
|3=†''Prolimnocyon chowi'' |bar3=#EE7F2D
|4={{clade
|thickness=2 |thickness2=1 |color=#EE7F2D |color2=black
|1={{clade
|thickness=2 |color=#EE7F2D
|1=†''Prolimnocyon avatus'' |bar1=#EE7F2D
|2=†''Prolimnocyon haematus'' |barend2=#EE7F2D
}}
|2={{clade
|1=†''[[Iridodon]]''
|2={{clade
|1=†''[[Thinocyon]]''
|2={{clade
|thickness=2 |color=magenta |grouplabel1=†''[[Limnocyon]]''
|1={{clade
|thickness=2 |color=magenta
|1=†''Limnocyon verus'' |barbegin1=magenta
|2=†''Limnocyon cuspidens'' |bar2=magenta
}}
|2={{clade
|thickness=2 |thickness4=1 |color=magenta |color2=black |color3=black |color4=black
|1=†''Limnocyon potens'' |barend1=magenta
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†''[[Thinocyon sichowensis|"Thinocyon" sichowensis]]''
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dotted
|3=†''[[Prolaena]]''
|4=†''[[Oxyaenodon]]''
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Pan-Carnivora|H.|state=collapsed}}
{{Hyaenodonta}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q23048212}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q23048212}}


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[[Category:Paleogene mammals of Asia]]
[[Category:Paleogene mammals of Asia]]
[[Category:Paleocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Paleocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Prehistoric placental genera]]



{{paleo-mammal-stub}}
{{paleo-mammal-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:38, 18 November 2024

Prolimnocyon
Temporal range: 57.0–46.2 Ma late Paleocene to middle Eocene
lower jaw of Prolimnocyon antiquus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Family: †Hyaenodontidae
Subfamily: †Limnocyoninae
Genus: †Prolimnocyon
Matthew, 1915
Type species
†Prolimnocyon atavus
Matthew, 1915
Species
  • †P. antiquus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)[1]
  • †P. atavus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
  • †P. chowi (Meng, 1998)[2]
  • †P. eerius (Gingerich, 1989)[3]
  • †P. haematus (Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)[4]
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • P. antiquus:
    • Prolimnocyon elisabethae (Gazin, 1952)[5]

Prolimnocyon ("before Limnocyon") is an extinct paraphyletic genus of limnocyonid hyaenodonts that lived in Asia and North America during the late Paleocene to middle Eocene.[6] Prolimnocyon chowi is the earliest known member of the hyaenodontid family Limnocyonidae.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
  2. ^ J. Meng, R. J. Zhai and A. R. Wyss (1998.) "The late Paleocene Bayan Ulan fauna of Inner Mongolia, China." Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 34:148-185
  3. ^ P. D. Gingerich (1989.) "New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of northwestern Wyoming: composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 28:1-97
  4. ^ P. D. Gingerich and H. A. Deutsch (1989.) "Systematics and Evolution of Early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(13):327-391
  5. ^ C. L. Gazin (1952.) "The Lower Eocene Knight Formation Of Western Wyoming and Its Mammalian Faunas." Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117(18):1-82
  6. ^ "Fossilworks: Prolimnocyon". Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  7. ^ Rose, Kenneth D. (2009). The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. JHU Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-8018-9221-9.


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