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{{Short description|Genus of ray-finned fishes}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|33.9|0}} <br>Early [[Oligocene]] to Present<ref name=Sepkoski2002>Sepkoski, J. J. Jr (2002): [http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera.] ''Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.''</ref> |
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| image = Scaus_u0.gif |
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| image = Atlantic mackerel fish.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''Scomber scombrus'' |
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| taxon = Scomber |
| taxon = Scomber |
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| authority = [[ |
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] |
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| subdivision = See text. |
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'''''Scomber''''' is a genus of ocean-dwelling [[mackerel]]s in the family [[Scombridae]].<ref>{{FishBase genus | genus = Scomber | month = January | year = 2006}}</ref> The four species of ''Scomber'' together with the three species of ''[[Rastrelliger]]'' comprise the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Scombrini]], known as the "true mackerels". |
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'''''Scomber''''' is a [[genus]] of [[ray-finned fish]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Scombridae]] living in the [[Pelagic fish|open ocean]] found in [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref name=FB>{{FishBase_genus | genus = Scomber | month = June | year = 2016 }}</ref> The genus ''Scomber'' and the genus ''[[Rastrelliger]]'' comprise the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Scombrini]], known as the "true mackerels". These fishes have an elongated body, highly streamlined, muscular and agile. The eyes are large, the head is elongated, with a big mouth provided with teeth. They have two triangular [[dorsal fin|dorsal fins]], with some stabilizing fins along the [[caudal peduncle]]. The basic color is blue-green with a silvery white belly and a darker back, usually black mottled. |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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There are currently 5 recognized species in this genus: |
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FishBase lists four species: |
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* ''[[Scomber australasicus]]'' <small>[[Georges Cuvier|G. Cuvier]], 1832</small> (Blue mackerel) |
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* ''[[Scomber colias]]'' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|J. F. Gmelin]], 1789</small> (Atlantic chub mackerel) |
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* ''[[Scomber indicus]]'' <small>E. M. Abdussamad, [[Sandhya Sukumaran|Sukumaran]] & [[Arun K. O. Ratheesh|Ratheesh]], 2016</small> (Indian chub mackerel) <ref name=Abdussamad2016>Abdussamad, E.M., Sukumaran, S., Ratheesh, A.K.O., Koya, K.M., Koya, K.P.S., Rohit, P., Reader, S., Akhilesh, K.V. & Gopalakrishnan, A. (2016): ''Scomber indicus'', a new species of mackerel (Scombridae: Scombrini) from Eastern Arabian Sea. ''Indian Journal of Fisheries, 63 (3): 1-10.''</ref> |
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* [[Chub mackerel]], ''[[Scomber japonicus]]'', <small>[[Martinus Houttuyn|Houttuyn]], 1782</small>. |
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* ''[[Scomber japonicus]]'' <small>[[Martinus Houttuyn|Houttuyn]], 1782</small> (Chub mackerel) |
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* ''[[Scomber scombrus]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]</small> (Atlantic mackerel) |
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==Fossil record== |
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[[Fossil]]s of this genus are found from the [[Oligocene]] to the [[Pleistocene]] (33.9 to 1.806 million years ago). They are known from various localities of [[Germany]], [[Italy]], [[Romania]], [[Japan]] and [[Mexico]].<ref name=Fossil>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36184 Paleobiology Database: Fossilworks: ''Scomber'' Linnaeus, 1758.]</ref> Fossil species include: |
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* ''[[Scomber collettei|S. collettei]]'' (Bannikov and Erebakan, 2022) from the lowermost [[Middle Miocene]] of the [[Krasnodar region|Krasnodar Region]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bannikov |first1=A. F. |last2=Erebakan |first2=I. G. |date=2022-10-01 |title=A New Species of Mackerel (Scomber, Scombroidei) from the Tarkhanian (Lowermost Middle Miocene) of the Northwestern Caucasus |url=https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030122050057 |journal=Paleontological Journal |language=en |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=574–582 |doi=10.1134/S0031030122050057 |s2cid=252717563 |issn=1555-6174}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Scomber cubanicus|S. cubanicus]]'' (Danil'chenko 1960) from the Upper [[Oligocene]] of [[Krasnodar Territory]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Danil£chenko |first=P. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_h0LAQAAIAAJ&q=cubanicus |title=Bony Fishes of the Maikop Deposits of the Caucasus: Kostistye Ryby Maĭkopskikh Otlozheniĭ Kavkaza |date=1967 |publisher=Israel Program for Scientific Translations [available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.] |pages=161–163 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Scomber voitestii|S. voitestii]]'' (Pauca 1929) from the [[Middle Oligocene]] of the [[Carpathian Mountains|Carpathian]] [[Menilite]] slates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Danil£chenko |first=P. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_h0LAQAAIAAJ&q=scomber+voitestii |title=Bony Fishes of the Maikop Deposits of the Caucasus: Kostistye Ryby Maĭkopskikh Otlozheniĭ Kavkaza |date=1967 |publisher=Israel Program for Scientific Translations [available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.] |pages=185 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* ''S.'' sp. from the Middle-Upper [[Miocene]] of the [[Kurasi Formation]] on [[Sakhalin]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nazarkin |first1=M.V. |last2=Bannikov |first2=A.F. |date=2014-06-25 |title=Fossil mackerel (Actinopterygii: Scombridae: Scomber) from the Neogene of South-Western Sakhalin, Russia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265519150 |journal=Zoosystematica Rossica |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=158–163 |doi=10.31610/zsr/2014.23.1.158 |issn=2410-0226}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] |
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{{mackerel}} |
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{{Scombroidei-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 08:53, 18 November 2024
| Scomber | |
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| Scomber scombrus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scombriformes |
| Family: | Scombridae |
| Tribe: | Scombrini |
| Genus: | Scomber Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Type species | |
| Scomber scombrus | |
Scomber is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Scombridae living in the open ocean found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean.[2] The genus Scomber and the genus Rastrelliger comprise the tribe Scombrini, known as the "true mackerels". These fishes have an elongated body, highly streamlined, muscular and agile. The eyes are large, the head is elongated, with a big mouth provided with teeth. They have two triangular dorsal fins, with some stabilizing fins along the caudal peduncle. The basic color is blue-green with a silvery white belly and a darker back, usually black mottled.
Species
[edit]There are currently 5 recognized species in this genus:
- Scomber australasicus G. Cuvier, 1832 (Blue mackerel)
- Scomber colias J. F. Gmelin, 1789 (Atlantic chub mackerel)
- Scomber indicus E. M. Abdussamad, Sukumaran & Ratheesh, 2016 (Indian chub mackerel) [3]
- Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Chub mackerel)
- Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel)
Fossil record
[edit]Fossils of this genus are found from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene (33.9 to 1.806 million years ago). They are known from various localities of Germany, Italy, Romania, Japan and Mexico.[4] Fossil species include:
- S. collettei (Bannikov and Erebakan, 2022) from the lowermost Middle Miocene of the Krasnodar Region.[5]
- S. cubanicus (Danil'chenko 1960) from the Upper Oligocene of Krasnodar Territory.[6]
- S. voitestii (Pauca 1929) from the Middle Oligocene of the Carpathian Menilite slates.[7]
- S. sp. from the Middle-Upper Miocene of the Kurasi Formation on Sakhalin.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Sepkoski, J. J. Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Scomber". FishBase. June 2016 version.
- ^ Abdussamad, E.M., Sukumaran, S., Ratheesh, A.K.O., Koya, K.M., Koya, K.P.S., Rohit, P., Reader, S., Akhilesh, K.V. & Gopalakrishnan, A. (2016): Scomber indicus, a new species of mackerel (Scombridae: Scombrini) from Eastern Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 63 (3): 1-10.
- ^ Paleobiology Database: Fossilworks: Scomber Linnaeus, 1758.
- ^ Bannikov, A. F.; Erebakan, I. G. (2022-10-01). "A New Species of Mackerel (Scomber, Scombroidei) from the Tarkhanian (Lowermost Middle Miocene) of the Northwestern Caucasus". Paleontological Journal. 56 (5): 574–582. doi:10.1134/S0031030122050057. ISSN 1555-6174. S2CID 252717563.
- ^ Danil£chenko, P. G. (1967). Bony Fishes of the Maikop Deposits of the Caucasus: Kostistye Ryby Maĭkopskikh Otlozheniĭ Kavkaza. Israel Program for Scientific Translations [available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.] pp. 161–163.
- ^ Danil£chenko, P. G. (1967). Bony Fishes of the Maikop Deposits of the Caucasus: Kostistye Ryby Maĭkopskikh Otlozheniĭ Kavkaza. Israel Program for Scientific Translations [available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.] p. 185.
- ^ Nazarkin, M.V.; Bannikov, A.F. (2014-06-25). "Fossil mackerel (Actinopterygii: Scombridae: Scomber) from the Neogene of South-Western Sakhalin, Russia". Zoosystematica Rossica. 23 (1): 158–163. doi:10.31610/zsr/2014.23.1.158. ISSN 2410-0226.
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