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{{short description|American economist and academic}}
{{Short description|American economist and academic (born 1938)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Notability|Biography|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Franklin D. Roosevelt III
| name = Franklin D. Roosevelt III
Line 6: Line 8:
| caption = Roosevelt, right, with his father [[Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.]] and grandmother [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] in 1962
| caption = Roosevelt, right, with his father [[Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.]] and grandmother [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] in 1962
| birth_name = Franklin Delano Roosevelt III
| birth_name = Franklin Delano Roosevelt III
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|July 19, 1938}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|7|19}}
| birth_place = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| birth_place = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| alma_mater = [[Yale University]] {{small|[[Bachelor of Arts|(BA)]]}}<br />[[Columbia University]] {{small|[[Master of Arts|(MA)]]}}<br />[[The New School]] {{small|[[Doctor of Philosophy|(PhD)]]}}
| alma_mater = [[Yale University]] [[Bachelor of Arts|(BA)]]<br />[[Columbia University]] [[Master of Arts|(MA)]]<br />[[The New School]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| occupation = Economist, academic
| occupation = Economist, academic
| years_active =
| years_active =
| parents = [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.]]<br />[[Ethel du Pont]]
| parents = [[Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.]]<br />[[Ethel du Pont]]
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|Grace Rumsey Goodyear<br>|June 18, 1962}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|Grace Rumsey Goodyear<br>|June 18, 1962}}
| children = Phoebe Louisa Roosevelt<br />Nicholas Martin Roosevelt<br />Amelia Roosevelt
| children = 3
| relations = ''See'' [[Roosevelt family|Roosevelt]] and [[du Pont family|du Pont]]
| relations = ''See'' [[Roosevelt family|Roosevelt]] and [[du Pont family|du Pont]]
}}
}}


'''Franklin Delano Roosevelt III''' (born July 19, 1938) is an American retired economist and academic. Through his father, he is a grandson of U.S. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], and through his mother, he is related to the prominent [[du Pont family]].
'''Franklin Delano "Frank" Roosevelt III''' (born July 19, 1938) is an American retired economist and academic.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} Through his father, he is a grandson of 32nd U.S. president [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], and through his mother, he is related to the prominent [[du Pont family]].<ref name="RooseveltGenealogy">{{cite web|title=Roosevelt Genealogy|url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/resources/genealogy.html|website=fdrlibrary.marist.edu|publisher=Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum|access-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
{{See also|Roosevelt family|du Pont family}}
{{See also|Roosevelt family|du Pont family}}


Roosevelt was the first child born to [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.]] and his first wife, [[Ethel du Pont]]. He was born during his paternal grandfather [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s second term as president and was his eighth grandchild to be born. After his birth, his father said, "'Battling' Frank III is a beautiful baby."<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Life Magazine]] |title=Life on the Newsfronts of the World |date=August 1, 1938}}</ref>
Roosevelt was the first child born to [[Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.]] and his first wife, [[Ethel du Pont]].<ref name="RooseveltGenealogy"/> He was born during his paternal grandfather [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s second term as president and was his eighth grandchild to be born.<ref name="RooseveltGenealogy"/> After his birth, his father said, "'Battling' Frank III is a beautiful baby."<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Life Magazine]] |title=Life on the Newsfronts of the World |date=August 1, 1938}}</ref>


He has a younger brother, Christopher du Pont Roosevelt, born 1941, also from his parents' marriage. From his father's later marriages (who married 5 times in total), he has two younger half-sisters, Nancy Suzanne Roosevelt (born 1952) and Laura Delano Roosevelt (born 1959), and a younger half-brother, John Alexander Roosevelt (born 1977).<ref name="marist"/> He also had a younger half-brother, Benjamin S. Warren III (born 1954), from his mother's later marriage to attorney Benjamin S. Warren, Jr.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Staff|title=A du Pont and Roosevelt Marry…But It's Anything But Happily Ever After|url=http://ashorthistoryblog.com/a-du-pont-and-roosevelt-marry-but-its-anything-but-happily-ever-after/|website=ashorthistoryblog.com|publisher=A Short History|access-date=18 April 2016|language=en-US}}</ref>
He has a younger brother, Christopher du Pont Roosevelt, born 1941, also from his parents' marriage.<ref name="RooseveltGenealogy"/> From his father's later marriages (who married 5 times in total), he has two younger half-sisters, Nancy Suzanne Roosevelt (born 1952) and Laura Delano Roosevelt (born 1959), and a younger half-brother, John Alexander Roosevelt (born 1977).<ref name="marist"/> He also had a younger half-brother, Benjamin S. Warren III (born 1954), from his mother's later marriage to attorney Benjamin S. Warren Jr.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Staff|title=A du Pont and Roosevelt Marry…But It's Anything But Happily Ever After|url=http://ashorthistoryblog.com/a-du-pont-and-roosevelt-marry-but-its-anything-but-happily-ever-after/|website=ashorthistoryblog.com|publisher=A Short History|access-date=April 18, 2016|language=en-US|archive-date=May 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502215546/http://ashorthistoryblog.com/a-du-pont-and-roosevelt-marry-but-its-anything-but-happily-ever-after/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Education and career==
==Education and career==
After graduating from [[St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)|St. Mark's School]] in Southborough, Massachusetts, Frank Roosevelt received his [[Bachelor of Arts]] in Economics from [[Yale University]] in 1961, his master's degree from [[Columbia University]] in 1968, and his [[Ph.D.]] from [[The New School]].<ref name=cv>{{cite web|url=http://pages.slc.edu/~froos/frank_rooseveltcv.pdf |title=Frank Roosevelt Curriculum Vitae |access-date=2008-02-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614010359/http://pages.slc.edu/~froos/frank_rooseveltcv.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Fdr iii ethel du pont fdr.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Frank Roosevelt with his mother, Ethel du Pont, and FDR at the White House, Christmas 1941]] His dissertation was entitled ''Towards a Marxist Critique of the Cambridge School''. His work primarily focused on combining [[Marxism]] and [[capitalism]] in an attempt to make modern economic systems more "fair" and less prone to the "winner takes all" scenario.
After graduating from [[St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)|St. Mark's School]] in Southborough, Massachusetts, Frank Roosevelt received his [[Bachelor of Arts]] in Economics from [[Yale University]] in 1961. He was a midshipman in Yale Naval ROTC and commissioned as an Ensign to serve as on a minesweeper. He then received a master's degree from [[Columbia University]] in 1968, and his [[Ph.D.]] from [[The New School]].<ref name=cv>{{cite web|url=http://pages.slc.edu/~froos/frank_rooseveltcv.pdf |title=Frank Roosevelt Curriculum Vitae |access-date=February 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614010359/http://pages.slc.edu/~froos/frank_rooseveltcv.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Fdr iii ethel du pont fdr.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Frank Roosevelt with his mother, Ethel du Pont, and his grandfather [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|FDR]] at the White House, Christmas 1941]] His dissertation was entitled ''Towards a Marxist Critique of the Cambridge School''<ref name="cv" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=TOWARDS A MARXIST CRITIQUE OF THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL. - ProQuest |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/0826460d3d3b36dfff50d9ccc6963962/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=www.proquest.com |language=en}}</ref>. His work primarily focused on combining [[Marxism]] and [[capitalism]] in an attempt to make modern economic systems more "fair" and less prone to the "winner takes all" scenario{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}.


In 1977, he became a professor at [[Sarah Lawrence College]] in [[Yonkers]], [[New York (state)|New York]], where he was chair of the social sciences faculty from 1988 to 1990 and from 1991 to 1993.<ref name=cv /> In retirement, he continued to speak about his grandparents' legacies.<ref>{{cite news |title=FDR's grandson has advice for Obama |last=Fitz-Gibbon |first=Jorge |url=http://www.lohud.com/article/99999999/NEWS01/105110002/FDR-s-grandson-has-advice-Obama |work=[[The Journal News]] |date=June 30, 2012 |access-date=April 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324192017/http://www.lohud.com/article/99999999/NEWS01/105110002/FDR-s-grandson-has-advice-Obama |archive-date=March 24, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Honoring Eleanor Roosevelt – 10/11/11 |last=Toyoda |first=Toyoda |url=http://unasouthernny.wordpress.com/2011/11/29/honoring-eleanor-roosevelt/ |publisher=[[United Nations Association]] |date=November 29, 2011 |access-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref>
In 1977, he became a professor at [[Sarah Lawrence College]] in [[Yonkers]], [[New York (state)|New York]], where he was chair of the social sciences faculty from 1988 to 1990 and from 1991 to 1993.<ref name=cv /> In retirement, he continued to speak about his grandparents' legacies.<ref>{{cite news |title=FDR's grandson has advice for Obama |last=Fitz-Gibbon |first=Jorge |url=http://www.lohud.com/article/99999999/NEWS01/105110002/FDR-s-grandson-has-advice-Obama |work=[[The Journal News]] |date=June 30, 2012 |access-date=April 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324192017/http://www.lohud.com/article/99999999/NEWS01/105110002/FDR-s-grandson-has-advice-Obama |archive-date=March 24, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Honoring Eleanor Roosevelt – 10/11/11 |last=Toyoda |first=Toyoda |url=http://unasouthernny.wordpress.com/2011/11/29/honoring-eleanor-roosevelt/ |publisher=[[United Nations Association]] |date=November 29, 2011 |access-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref>
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[[File:Elroos72st.JPG|thumb|The [[Eleanor Roosevelt Monument]] in Manhattan]]
[[File:Elroos72st.JPG|thumb|The [[Eleanor Roosevelt Monument]] in Manhattan]]


Roosevelt, who lives in [[Manhattan]], was a member of the Board of Trustees of the [[Manhattan Country School]] from 1970 to 2010.<ref name=cv /> In 1981, he led the effort to put the school's tuition system on a sliding scale.<ref name="Roberts2017">{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Sam |title=Gus Trowbridge, Turned King's Integration Dream Into a School, Dies at 82 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/14/nyregion/gus-trowbridge-dead-manhattan-country-school.html |access-date=19 February 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=14 July 2017}}</ref>
Roosevelt, who lives in [[Manhattan]], was a member of the Board of Trustees of the [[Manhattan Country School]] from 1970 to 2010.<ref name=cv /> In 1981, he led the effort to put the school's tuition system on a sliding scale.<ref name="Roberts2017">{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Sam |title=Gus Trowbridge, Turned King's Integration Dream Into a School, Dies at 82 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/14/nyregion/gus-trowbridge-dead-manhattan-country-school.html |access-date=February 19, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>


Roosevelt led the effort to build a monument to his grandmother [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] at [[Riverside Park (Manhattan)|Riverside Park]] in Manhattan. The [[Eleanor Roosevelt Monument]] was unveiled in 1996.<ref name="nyt" />
Roosevelt led the effort to build a monument to his grandmother [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] at [[Riverside Park (Manhattan)|Riverside Park]] in Manhattan. The [[Eleanor Roosevelt Monument]] was unveiled in 1996.<ref name="nyt" />


Roosevelt has written in support of [[market socialism]].<ref name="Roosevelt1994">{{cite book |last1=Roosevelt |first1=Frank |last2=Belkin |first2=David |title=Why Market Socialism? Voices from Dissent |date=September 2, 1994 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1563244667 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5oyVRbLfaUC |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref>
Roosevelt has written in support of [[market socialism]].<ref name="Roosevelt1994">{{cite book |last1=Roosevelt |first1=Frank |last2=Belkin |first2=David |title=Why Market Socialism? Voices from Dissent |date=September 2, 1994 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1563244667 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5oyVRbLfaUC |access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
On June 18, 1962, he was married to [[Goodyear family (New York)|Grace Rumsey Goodyear]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Princeton Alumni Weekly|date=1 January 1962|volume= LXIII| issue = 1|page= 19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBRbAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA19|access-date=18 April 2016|publisher=princeton alumni weekly|language=en}}</ref> at St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church in [[Darien, Connecticut]].<ref name="1962Wedding">{{cite news |title=Miss Grace R. Goodyear Is Married; Becomes Bride of Ensign Franklin D. Roosevelt 3d |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/06/19/82045381.pdf |access-date=19 February 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 19, 1962 |language=en}}</ref> At the time of their wedding, Grace was a graduate of [[Milton Academy]] and a student at [[Smith College]]. She is the daughter of Austin Goodyear (grandson of [[Charles W. Goodyear]]) and Louisa ([[née]] Robins) Goodyear (granddaughter of [[Thomas Robins (inventor)|Thomas Robins Jr.]]) who lived at "White Oak Shade" in Darien.<ref name="1962Engagement">{{cite news |title=Grace Goodyear, Student at Smith, Will Be Married; Sophomore and Ensign Franklin D. Roosevelt 3d Engaged to Wed |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/04/12/82123468.pdf |access-date=19 February 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 12, 1962 |language=en}}</ref> They have three children, including a set of twins:<ref name="marist">{{cite web |title=Roosevelt Genealogy |url=https://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/resources/pdfs/genealogy.pdf |website=www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu |publisher=[[Marist College]] |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref>
On June 18, 1962, Roosevelt was married to [[Goodyear family (New York)|Grace Rumsey Goodyear]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Princeton Alumni Weekly|date=January 1, 1962|volume= LXIII| issue = 1|page= 19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBRbAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA19|access-date=April 18, 2016|publisher=princeton alumni weekly|language=en}}</ref> at St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church in [[Darien, Connecticut]].<ref name="1962Wedding">{{cite news |title=Miss Grace R. Goodyear Is Married; Becomes Bride of Ensign Franklin D. Roosevelt 3d |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/06/19/82045381.pdf |access-date=February 19, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 19, 1962 |language=en}}</ref> At the time of their wedding, Grace was a graduate of [[Milton Academy]] and a student at [[Smith College]]{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}. She is the daughter of Austin Goodyear (grandson of [[Charles W. Goodyear]]) and Louisa ([[née]] Robins) Goodyear (granddaughter of [[Thomas Robins (inventor)|Thomas Robins Jr.]]) who lived at "White Oak Shade" in Darien.<ref name="1962Engagement">{{cite news |title=Grace Goodyear, Student at Smith, Will Be Married; Sophomore and Ensign Franklin D. Roosevelt 3d Engaged to Wed |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/04/12/82123468.pdf |access-date=February 19, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 12, 1962 |language=en}}</ref> They have three children, including a set of twins:<ref name="marist">{{cite web |title=Roosevelt Genealogy |url=https://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/resources/pdfs/genealogy.pdf |website=www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu |publisher=[[Marist College]] |access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref>


* Phoebe Louisa Roosevelt (born February 25, 1965)<ref name="marist"/>
* Phoebe Louisa Roosevelt (born February 25, 1965)<ref name="marist"/>
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[[Category:American people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:American people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:Bulloch family]]
[[Category:Bulloch family]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Delano family]]
[[Category:Delano family]]
[[Category:Du Pont family]]
[[Category:Du Pont family]]

Revision as of 15:51, 18 November 2024

Franklin D. Roosevelt III
Roosevelt, right, with his father Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. and grandmother Eleanor Roosevelt in 1962
Born
Franklin Delano Roosevelt III

(1938-07-19) July 19, 1938 (age 86)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma materYale University (BA)
Columbia University (MA)
The New School (PhD)
Occupation(s)Economist, academic
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Grace Rumsey Goodyear
​
​
(m. 1962)​
Children3
Parent(s)Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.
Ethel du Pont
RelativesSee Roosevelt and du Pont

Franklin Delano "Frank" Roosevelt III (born July 19, 1938) is an American retired economist and academic.[citation needed] Through his father, he is a grandson of 32nd U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt, and through his mother, he is related to the prominent du Pont family.[1]

Family

See also: Roosevelt family and du Pont family

Roosevelt was the first child born to Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. and his first wife, Ethel du Pont.[1] He was born during his paternal grandfather Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term as president and was his eighth grandchild to be born.[1] After his birth, his father said, "'Battling' Frank III is a beautiful baby."[2]

He has a younger brother, Christopher du Pont Roosevelt, born 1941, also from his parents' marriage.[1] From his father's later marriages (who married 5 times in total), he has two younger half-sisters, Nancy Suzanne Roosevelt (born 1952) and Laura Delano Roosevelt (born 1959), and a younger half-brother, John Alexander Roosevelt (born 1977).[3] He also had a younger half-brother, Benjamin S. Warren III (born 1954), from his mother's later marriage to attorney Benjamin S. Warren Jr.[4]

Education and career

After graduating from St. Mark's School in Southborough, Massachusetts, Frank Roosevelt received his Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Yale University in 1961. He was a midshipman in Yale Naval ROTC and commissioned as an Ensign to serve as on a minesweeper. He then received a master's degree from Columbia University in 1968, and his Ph.D. from The New School.[5]

Frank Roosevelt with his mother, Ethel du Pont, and his grandfather FDR at the White House, Christmas 1941

His dissertation was entitled Towards a Marxist Critique of the Cambridge School[5][6]. His work primarily focused on combining Marxism and capitalism in an attempt to make modern economic systems more "fair" and less prone to the "winner takes all" scenario[citation needed].

In 1977, he became a professor at Sarah Lawrence College in Yonkers, New York, where he was chair of the social sciences faculty from 1988 to 1990 and from 1991 to 1993.[5] In retirement, he continued to speak about his grandparents' legacies.[7][8]

He refers to himself as a "radical" or "alternative" economist.[9]

Rhona Free, one of his former students who is a professor of economics at Eastern Connecticut State University, was named in 2004 one of four U.S. Professors of the Year by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education. In her acceptance speech, she cited Roosevelt as a significant influence, saying, "The most important teacher I ever had was Frank Roosevelt, an economics professor at Sarah Lawrence. He's much more interested in teaching than in testing and in encouraging than in evaluating. In his classes even an average student, as I was, can learn to think critically, express thoughts carefully, and view the world with an open mind."[10]

In 2004, the university awarded him the Lipkin Family Prize for Inspirational Teaching.[10]

Roosevelt was active in the civil rights movement. During the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's Freedom Summer program in Mississippi in 1964, he was arbitrarily arrested by the Mississippi Highway Patrol while driving the civil rights lobbyist Allard K. Lowenstein across the state, but was immediately released when the police realized his identity.[11]

Politics and family legacy

The Eleanor Roosevelt Monument in Manhattan

Roosevelt, who lives in Manhattan, was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Manhattan Country School from 1970 to 2010.[5] In 1981, he led the effort to put the school's tuition system on a sliding scale.[12]

Roosevelt led the effort to build a monument to his grandmother Eleanor Roosevelt at Riverside Park in Manhattan. The Eleanor Roosevelt Monument was unveiled in 1996.[13]

Roosevelt has written in support of market socialism.[14]

Personal life

On June 18, 1962, Roosevelt was married to Grace Rumsey Goodyear,[15] at St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church in Darien, Connecticut.[16] At the time of their wedding, Grace was a graduate of Milton Academy and a student at Smith College[citation needed]. She is the daughter of Austin Goodyear (grandson of Charles W. Goodyear) and Louisa (née Robins) Goodyear (granddaughter of Thomas Robins Jr.) who lived at "White Oak Shade" in Darien.[17] They have three children, including a set of twins:[3]

  • Phoebe Louisa Roosevelt (born February 25, 1965)[3]
  • Nicholas Martin Roosevelt (born June 8, 1966, twin)[3]
  • Amelia "Amie" Roosevelt (born June 8, 1966, twin), a concert violinist[13][18]

Published works

  • Samuel Bowles; Richard Edwards; Frank Roosevelt (2005). Understanding Capitalism: Competition, Command, and Change (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513865-8.
  • Frank Roosevelt; David Belkin (1994). Why Market Socialism?: Voices from Dissent Paperback. M E Sharpe. ISBN 978-1563244667.
  • Frank Roosevelt (1981). Tuition reform for private schools: The Manhattan Country School plan. ASIN B0006XWAY0.

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Roosevelt Genealogy". fdrlibrary.marist.edu. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  2. ^ "Life on the Newsfronts of the World". Life Magazine. August 1, 1938.
  3. ^ a b c d "Roosevelt Genealogy" (PDF). www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu. Marist College. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  4. ^ Staff. "A du Pont and Roosevelt Marry…But It's Anything But Happily Ever After". ashorthistoryblog.com. A Short History. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d "Frank Roosevelt Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2008.
  6. ^ "TOWARDS A MARXIST CRITIQUE OF THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL. - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  7. ^ Fitz-Gibbon, Jorge (June 30, 2012). "FDR's grandson has advice for Obama". The Journal News. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  8. ^ Toyoda, Toyoda (November 29, 2011). "Honoring Eleanor Roosevelt – 10/11/11". United Nations Association. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  9. ^ "Sarah Lawrence Faculty Profile: The Elephant in the Room". 2005. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  10. ^ a b "Rhona Free '78". Sarah Lawrence College. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  11. ^ Watson, Bruce, 1953- (2012), Freedom summer : the savage season that made Mississippi burn and made America a democracy, Tantor, ISBN 978-1-4001-9748-4, OCLC 812411727{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Roberts, Sam (July 14, 2017). "Gus Trowbridge, Turned King's Integration Dream Into a School, Dies at 82". The New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  13. ^ a b Joseph Berger (March 16, 2005). "Roosevelts and the Quirks of Destiny". New York Times. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  14. ^ Roosevelt, Frank; Belkin, David (September 2, 1994). Why Market Socialism? Voices from Dissent. Routledge. ISBN 978-1563244667. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  15. ^ "Princeton Alumni Weekly". LXIII (1). princeton alumni weekly. January 1, 1962: 19. Retrieved April 18, 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ^ "Miss Grace R. Goodyear Is Married; Becomes Bride of Ensign Franklin D. Roosevelt 3d" (PDF). The New York Times. June 19, 1962. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  17. ^ "Grace Goodyear, Student at Smith, Will Be Married; Sophomore and Ensign Franklin D. Roosevelt 3d Engaged to Wed" (PDF). The New York Times. April 12, 1962. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  18. ^ "Amy Roosevelt". Bach Festival. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
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