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{{Short description|City in Hormozgan province, Iran}} |
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{{About||the administrative subdivisions|Jask County|and|Jask Rural District|the nearby village|Jask-e Kohneh}} |
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{{About||the administrative divisions of Hormozgan province|Jask County|and|Jask Rural District|the nearby village|Jask-e Kohneh}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|name = Jask |
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|native_name =جَسک |
|native_name = {{langx|fa|جَسک}} |
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|native_name_lang = fa |
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|image_skyline = Cape of Jask دماغه جاسک - panoramio.jpg |
|settlement_type = City |
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|image_skyline = Cape of Jask دماغه جاسک - panoramio.jpg |
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|imagesize = |
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|image_alt = |
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|image_caption = Cape of Jask |
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|image_flag = |
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|subdivision_name = [[Iran]] |
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|flag_alt = |
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|subdivision_type1 =[[Provinces of Iran|Province]] |
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|image_seal = |
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|subdivision_name1 =[[Hormozgan Province|Hormozgan]] |
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|seal_alt = |
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|subdivision_type2 =[[Counties of Iran|County]] |
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|image_shield = |
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|subdivision_name2 =[[Jask County|Jask]] |
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|shield_alt = |
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|subdivision_type3 =[[Bakhsh]] |
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|etymology = |
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|subdivision_name3 =[[Central District (Jask County)|Central]] |
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|nickname = |
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|motto = |
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|image_map = |
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|pushpin_map = Iran |
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|pushpin_map_alt = |
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|pushpin_map_caption = |
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|population_total =16,860 <ref>https://www.amar.org.ir/english</ref> |
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|pushpin_label_position = |
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|population_density_km2 =auto |
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|coordinates = {{Coord|25|39|11|N|57|46|54|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}} |
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|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] |
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|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=25.653056&mlon=57.781667&zoom=15#map=15/25.65306/57.78167|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Jask, Jask County|date=18 November 2024|access-date=18 November 2024|lang=fa}}</ref> |
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|utc_offset = +3:30 |
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|subdivision_type = Country |
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|subdivision_name = [[Iran]] |
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|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] |
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|coordinates = {{coord|25|38|38|N|57|46|28|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}} |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Hormozgan province|Hormozgan]] |
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|elevation_m = |
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|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]] |
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|area_code = |
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|subdivision_name2 = [[Jask County|Jask]] |
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|subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh|District]] |
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|footnotes = |
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|subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Jask County)|Central]] |
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|established_title = |
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|established_date = |
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|founder = |
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|unit_pref = Metric |
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|area_footnotes = |
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|elevation_footnotes = |
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|elevation_m = |
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|population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 Hormozgan Province"/> |
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|population_as_of = 2016 |
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|population_total = 16860 |
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|population_density_km2 = auto |
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|population_note = |
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|population_demonym = |
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|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] |
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|utc_offset = +3:30 |
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|website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> |
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'''Jask''' ({{lang-fa|جاسک}}, [[Balochi language|Balochi]]: جاشک also [[Romanize]]d as '''Jāsk'''; also '''Bandar-e Jask''' ({{lang-fa|بَندَرِ جاسک}}), ([[Baloch people|Balochi]]: بندن ءِ جاشک) also Romanized as '''Bandar-e Jāsk'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3067830}}</ref>) is a city and capital of [[Jask County]], [[Hormozgan Province]], [[Iran]]. At the 2006 census, its population was 11,133, in 2,406 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|22}}</ref> |
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'''Jask''' ({{langx|fa|جاسک}} and [[Balochi language|Balochi]]: جاشک){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Jāsk'''; also known as '''Bandar-e Jask''' (بَندَرِ جاسک) and (Balochi: بندن ءِ جاشک); also romanized as '''Bandar-e Jāsk'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3067830}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Jask County)|Central District]] of [[Jask County]], [[Hormozgan province|Hormozgan]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Jask County Establishment">{{cite report|title=Creation and formation of two districts and eight rural districts in Jask County in Hormozgan province|language=fa|website=qavanin.ir|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/131128|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171915/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/131128|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers|last=Mousavi|first=Mirhossein|archive-date=8 September 2023|orig-date=Approved 2 February 1366|date=c. 2023|id=Proposal 53/1/5/1/92031|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
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===Population=== |
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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 11,133 in 2,406 households.<ref name="2006 Hormozgan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Hormozgan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/22.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920094743/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/22.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 13,810 people in 2,958 households.<ref name="2011 Hormozgan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Hormozgan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Hormozgan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117182750/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Hormozgan.xls|archive-date=17 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 16,860 people in 4,415 households.<ref name="2016 Hormozgan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Hormozgan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_22.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505014212/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_22.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=5 May 2022}}</ref> |
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Jask is a port town, about {{convert|1050|mi|km|order=flip}} south of [[Tehran]],<ref name=bbcnavalbase>{{cite news |
Jask is a port town, about {{convert|1050|mi|km|order=flip}} south of [[Tehran]],<ref name=bbcnavalbase>{{cite news |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dbsOoPpZiSEC&pg=PA185 |
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dbsOoPpZiSEC&pg=PA185 |
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| isbn = 1-873938-56-X}}</ref> |
| isbn = 1-873938-56-X}}</ref> |
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It |
It is the site of an [[Islamic Republic of Iran Navy|Iranian Navy]] base that opened on 28 October 2008.<ref>{{cite news |
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| title = Iran opens Gulf naval base |
| title = Iran opens Gulf naval base |
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| publisher = Al Jazeera |
| publisher = Al Jazeera |
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The port of Jask is also the proposed end of the [[Neka-Jask pipeline]]. The city also has the [[Jask Airport]]. |
The port of Jask is also the proposed end of the [[Neka-Jask pipeline]]. The city also has the [[Jask Airport]]. |
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==History== |
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In ancient times, the port of Jask was one of the most important centres of [[Mithraism]]. Additionally, there is a temple dedicated to the Persian goddess [[Anahita]] in Jask. Tahman Ibn Turan Shah, nicknamed Sultan Qutbuddin, ruled in Jask from AD 1330 onwards. |
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In 1614, the British chose the port of Jask as their trading port in the northern Persian Gulf. The first British cargo sailed from India to Jask in 1616, and in 1619 the merchants established the first [[East India Company]] trading post in Jask. This port was the centre of trade and transactions of the East India Company with the centre of Iran until [[Bandar Abbas]] was dedicated to British trade. In the late 1620s, the Dutch prevented two East Indian ships from entering the port of Jask. This led to a fierce battle between the British and the Dutch around the port, which led to the defeat and expulsion of the Dutch from the port of Jask. |
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In 1864, the British strengthened their position in the Persian Gulf to expand their influence. Among these measures was the construction of telegraph lines and submarine cables that connected Persia and India via [[Gwadar Bay|Gwadar]], Jask, and Bandar Abbas. The British government established several military fortifications in Jask. In 1901, another telegraph line (sea wire) was established from the port of Jask to [[Muscat|Muscat, Oman]] with its headquarters in Jask. In 1932, the Iranian government banned the passage of British and Dutch aircraft flying from the Far East to the Middle East without permission. As a result of this ban, several flights routes were changed. |
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== Port of Jask == |
== Port of Jask == |
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The port of Jask is a small port on the western part of Iran's coast along the [[Gulf of Oman]]. However, over the last few years it has seen a steady growth of its export freight flows to [[Oman]], mostly agricultural products, including refrigerated, and construction materials<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmo.ir/en/news/49567/98-increase-in-Jask-Port-exports|title=98% increase in Jask Port exports|first=Ports & Maritime|last=Organization|website=Ports & Maritime Organization|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021}}</ref> |
The port of Jask is a small port on the western part of Iran's coast along the [[Gulf of Oman]]. However, over the last few years it has seen a steady growth of its export freight flows to [[Oman]], mostly agricultural products, including refrigerated, and construction materials<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmo.ir/en/news/49567/98-increase-in-Jask-Port-exports|title=98% increase in Jask Port exports|first=Ports & Maritime|last=Organization|website=Ports & Maritime Organization|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021}}</ref> |
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Major developments for the port of Jask were announced by Iranian authorities in early 2019, i.e. the construction of a new terminal for oil tankers for a total investment of US$700 million, to be followed by the construction of a refinery and of a petrochemical plant. These developments are part of a total investment of US$1.8 billion centered on the construction of a new oil pipeline from [[Goreh, Bushehr]] to Jask in order to pump and export oil from Northern Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theiranproject.com/blog/2019/10/01/iran-to-spend-700m-for-developing-jask-region/|title=Iran to spend $700m for developing Jask region|date=Sep 30, 2019|website=The Iran Project|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-oil-terminal-idUSKBN1WG3P1|title=Iran building oil pipeline to terminal outside Gulf |
Major developments for the port of Jask were announced by Iranian authorities in early 2019, i.e. the construction of a new terminal for oil tankers for a total investment of US$700 million, to be followed by the construction of a refinery and of a petrochemical plant. These developments are part of a total investment of US$1.8 billion centered on the construction of a new oil pipeline from [[Goreh, Bushehr]] to Jask in order to pump and export oil from Northern Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theiranproject.com/blog/2019/10/01/iran-to-spend-700m-for-developing-jask-region/|title=Iran to spend $700m for developing Jask region|date=Sep 30, 2019|website=The Iran Project|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-oil-terminal-idUSKBN1WG3P1|title=Iran building oil pipeline to terminal outside Gulf|newspaper=Reuters|date=Oct 1, 2019|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> |
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When these investments are completed in Jask, they will contribute to developing Iran's southern regional economy, as is already the case further east at [[Chabahar Port]], and to facilitating exports through ports which do not require ships to enter the [[Persian Gulf]] through the [[Hormuz Strait]]. |
When these investments are completed in Jask, they will contribute to developing Iran's southern regional economy, as is already the case further east at [[Chabahar Port]], and to facilitating exports through ports which do not require ships to enter the [[Persian Gulf]] through the [[Hormuz Strait]]. |
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== History == |
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The [[English people]] made Jask their primary commercial port in the 17th century, and in 1616 AD, a ship carrying their first shipment sailed from [[India]] and arrived at Jask. English businessmen founded the first East India Company trading post in Jask in the year 1619. Jask served as the East India Company's hub for trade and transactions with the Iranian central region up until [[Bandar Abbas]] was given responsibility for English trade. The English and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] engaged in a bloody battle that ended with the Portuguese being defeated and driven from Jask in the late 1620s after the Portuguese blocked two East India Company ships from entering the port. |
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== Language == |
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The linguistic composition of the city:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Language distribution: Hormozgan Province|url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.hormozgan#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiJhNDFiYzVjYjVjM2VhNDMzZTVkMzhiOTRhNTRjOTI1OCIsInMiOjE2MzI3MjU2ODU4OTF9|access-date=26 September 2021|website=Iran Atlas}}</ref>{{bar box|title=Jask linguistic composition|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Language|right1=percent|float=|bars={{bar percent|[[Balochi language|Balochi]]|yellow|70}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Bandari language|Bandari Farsi]]|gray|25}} |
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{{bar percent|[[New Persian]]|orange|5}}}} |
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==Climate== |
==Climate== |
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Jask has a [[Desert climate#Hot desert climates|hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh''), with very hot summers, warm winters and little precipitation. Due to winds blowing off the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, the city has experienced some of the highest [[dew point]]s and [[Heat index|heat indices]] in the world. On July 31, 2015, Jask observed a temperature of {{convert|102.2|F|C|order=flip}} degrees with a dew point of {{convert|91.4|F|C|order=flip}}, leading to a heat index of {{convert|69|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite |
Jask has a [[Desert climate#Hot desert climates|hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh''), with very hot summers, warm winters and little precipitation. Due to winds blowing off the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, the city has experienced some of the highest [[dew point]]s and [[Heat index|heat indices]] in the world. On July 31, 2015, Jask observed a temperature of {{convert|102.2|F|C|order=flip}} degrees with a dew point of {{convert|91.4|F|C|order=flip}}, leading to a [[heat index]] of {{convert|69|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Samenow|first1=Jason|title=Iran city hits suffocating heat index of 165 degrees, near world record|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/07/30/iran-city-hits-suffocating-heat-index-of-154-degrees-near-world-record/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> On July 20, 2012, Jask experienced a dew point temperature of {{convert|35|C|F}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://weatherspark.com/h/d/148904/2012/7/20/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-July-20-2012-at-Jask-Iran#metar-15-00|title=Historical Weather on Friday, July 20, 2012 at Jask, Iran - Weather Spark|website=weatherspark.com|accessdate=Jun 2, 2021}}</ref> |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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|Dec record low C = 9.0 |
|Dec record low C = 9.0 |
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|year record low C = 6.0 |
|year record low C = 6.0 |
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|precipitation colour = green |
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|Jan precipitation mm = 38.6 |
|Jan precipitation mm = 38.6 |
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|Feb precipitation mm = 28.1 |
|Feb precipitation mm = 28.1 |
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|Dec humidity = 62 |
|Dec humidity = 62 |
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|year humidity = 68 |
|year humidity = 68 |
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|Jan dew point C = 12.3 |
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|Feb dew point C = 13.9 |
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|Mar dew point C = 16.9 |
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|Apr dew point C = 20.1 |
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|May dew point C = 23.5 |
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|Jun dew point C = 26.3 |
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|Jul dew point C = 27.5 |
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|Aug dew point C = 26.9 |
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|Sep dew point C = 25.5 |
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|Oct dew point C = 22.3 |
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|Nov dew point C = 17.5 |
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|Dec dew point C = 14.5 |
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|year dew point C = 20.6 |
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|Jan sun = 234.5 |
|Jan sun = 234.5 |
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|Feb sun = 233.0 |
|Feb sun = 233.0 |
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|Dec sun = 249.2 |
|Dec sun = 249.2 |
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|year sun = 3142.2 |
|year sun = 3142.2 |
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|source 1 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records),<ref name= records>*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/7.asp |title= Highest record temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-date= February 16, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170216155937/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/7.asp |url-status= dead }} |
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|source 1 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records),<ref name= records> |
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*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/ |
*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/6.asp |title= Lowest record temperature in Jask by Month 1983–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-date= February 16, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170216160155/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/6.asp |url-status= dead }}</ref> (temperatures),<ref name= temperatures>*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/3.asp |title= Average Maximum temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308071011/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/3.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }} |
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*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/ |
*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/5.asp |title= Average Mean Daily temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-date= April 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170419034937/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/5.asp |url-status= dead }} |
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*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/2.asp |title= Average Minimum temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064137/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/2.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> (precipitation),<ref name= precipitation>{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/25.asp |title= Monthly Total Precipitation in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-date= April 19, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170419034339/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/25.asp |url-status= dead }}</ref> (humidity),<ref name= humidity>{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/14.asp |title= Average relative humidity in Jask by Month 1983–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308051859/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/14.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> (days with precipitation),<ref name= precipdays>{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/29.asp |title= No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308062413/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/29.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> (sunshine)<ref name= sunshine>{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/42.asp |title= Monthly total sunshine hours in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308112624/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/42.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> |
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*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/5.asp |title= Average Mean Daily temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 }} |
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*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/2.asp |title= Average Minimum temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064137/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/2.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> (precipitation),<ref name= precipitation> |
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{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/25.asp |title= Monthly Total Precipitation in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015}}</ref> (humidity),<ref name= humidity>{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/14.asp |title= Average relative humidity in Jask by Month 1983–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308051859/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/14.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> (days with precipitation),<ref name= precipdays>{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/29.asp |title= No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308062413/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/29.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> |
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(sunshine)<ref name= sunshine>{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/42.asp |title= Monthly total sunshine hours in Jask by Month 1968–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= April 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308112624/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/JASK/42.asp |archive-date= March 8, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> |
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|date=March 2016 |
|date=March 2016 |
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== See also == |
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== Notes == |
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== References == |
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==External links== |
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{{Hormozgan Province}} |
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Latest revision as of 16:43, 18 November 2024
Jask
Persian: جَسک | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Cape of Jask | |
  Jask | |
| Coordinates: 25°39′11″N 57°46′54″E / 25.65306°N 57.78167°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Hormozgan |
| County | Jask |
| District | Central |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 16,860 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
Jask (Persian: جاسک and Balochi: جاشک)[a] is a city in the Central District of Jask County, Hormozgan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]
Demographics
[edit]Population
[edit]At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 11,133 in 2,406 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 13,810 people in 2,958 households.[6] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 16,860 people in 4,415 households.[2]
Jask is a port town, about 1,690 kilometres (1,050 mi) south of Tehran,[7] situated on the Gulf of Oman.[8] It is the site of an Iranian Navy base that opened on 28 October 2008.[9] The base's position provides the Iranian Navy with the capability to close the Strait of Hormuz in order to block the entry of an "enemy" into the Persian Gulf. Admiral Habibollah Sayyari remarked on the base's opening that Iran was "creating a new defense front in the region, thinking of a non-regional enemy."[10]
The port of Jask is also the proposed end of the Neka-Jask pipeline. The city also has the Jask Airport.
Port of Jask
[edit]The port of Jask is a small port on the western part of Iran's coast along the Gulf of Oman. However, over the last few years it has seen a steady growth of its export freight flows to Oman, mostly agricultural products, including refrigerated, and construction materials[11]
Major developments for the port of Jask were announced by Iranian authorities in early 2019, i.e. the construction of a new terminal for oil tankers for a total investment of US$700 million, to be followed by the construction of a refinery and of a petrochemical plant. These developments are part of a total investment of US$1.8 billion centered on the construction of a new oil pipeline from Goreh, Bushehr to Jask in order to pump and export oil from Northern Iran.[12][13]
When these investments are completed in Jask, they will contribute to developing Iran's southern regional economy, as is already the case further east at Chabahar Port, and to facilitating exports through ports which do not require ships to enter the Persian Gulf through the Hormuz Strait.
History
[edit]The English people made Jask their primary commercial port in the 17th century, and in 1616 AD, a ship carrying their first shipment sailed from India and arrived at Jask. English businessmen founded the first East India Company trading post in Jask in the year 1619. Jask served as the East India Company's hub for trade and transactions with the Iranian central region up until Bandar Abbas was given responsibility for English trade. The English and Portuguese engaged in a bloody battle that ended with the Portuguese being defeated and driven from Jask in the late 1620s after the Portuguese blocked two East India Company ships from entering the port.
Language
[edit]The linguistic composition of the city:[14]
Climate
[edit]Jask has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with very hot summers, warm winters and little precipitation. Due to winds blowing off the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, the city has experienced some of the highest dew points and heat indices in the world. On July 31, 2015, Jask observed a temperature of 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) degrees with a dew point of 33.0 °C (91.4 °F), leading to a heat index of 69 °C (156 °F).[15] On July 20, 2012, Jask experienced a dew point temperature of 35 °C (95 °F).[16]
| Climate data for Jask (1968–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.0 (84.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
44.8 (112.6) |
47.2 (117.0) |
43.0 (109.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
47.2 (117.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.6 (74.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
34.9 (94.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
30.3 (86.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.2 (86.4) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
27.0 (80.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
24.0 (75.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.6 (1.52) |
28.1 (1.11) |
26.0 (1.02) |
4.8 (0.19) |
0.0 (0.0) |
4.5 (0.18) |
1.3 (0.05) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.0 (0.0) |
3.4 (0.13) |
7.4 (0.29) |
25.1 (0.99) |
139.3 (5.48) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 11.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 64 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 71 | 77 | 78 | 76 | 69 | 63 | 62 | 68 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.1 (68.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 234.5 | 233.0 | 247.0 | 285.5 | 319.2 | 283.1 | 219.4 | 240.5 | 266.3 | 291.8 | 272.7 | 249.2 | 3,142.2 |
| Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[17] (temperatures),[18] (precipitation),[19] (humidity),[20] (days with precipitation),[21] (sunshine)[22] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]
Media related to Jask at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (18 November 2024). "Jask, Jask County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 18 November 2024.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Jask can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3067830" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Mousavi, Mirhossein (c. 2023) [Approved 2 February 1366]. Creation and formation of two districts and eight rural districts in Jask County in Hormozgan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 53/1/5/1/92031. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Hormozgan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ Samuel Barrett Miles; Robin Bidwell (1997). The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf. Garnet & Ithaca Press. p. 185. ISBN 1-873938-56-X.
- ^ "Iran opens Gulf naval base". Al Jazeera. 28 October 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ "Iran 'opens naval base' near Gulf". BBC. 28 October 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ Organization, Ports & Maritime. "98% increase in Jask Port exports". Ports & Maritime Organization. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "Iran to spend $700m for developing Jask region". The Iran Project. 30 September 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "Iran building oil pipeline to terminal outside Gulf". Reuters. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021 – via www.reuters.com.
- ^ "Language distribution: Hormozgan Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ Samenow, Jason. "Iran city hits suffocating heat index of 165 degrees, near world record". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
- ^ "Historical Weather on Friday, July 20, 2012 at Jask, Iran - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ *"Highest record temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Lowest record temperature in Jask by Month 1983–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ *"Average Maximum temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Mean Daily temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Minimum temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly Total Precipitation in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Average relative humidity in Jask by Month 1983–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly total sunshine hours in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
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