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[[File:DBE (3).JPG|thumb| 200px|Assembly building of DBE 3]]
[[File:DBE (3).JPG|thumb| 200px|Assembly building of DBE 3]]


'''High schools in Myanmar''' ({{lang-my|အစိုးရအထက်တန်းကျောင်း}}) are operated by the [[Department of Basic Education]] under the [[Ministry of Education (Myanmar)|Ministry of Education in Myanmar]]. The present education system has not changed since the re-opening of the schools in 1989, under the [[SLORC]]. After the collapse of [[socialist]] regime, the DBE updated the high schools education system that most of the study syllabus based in socialism were withdrawn and new version was introduced. Government high schools are now known as Basic Education High Schools (abbreviated BEHS), not State High Schools (SHS). The 9th Standard is regarded as the year one of the high school or Grade 10 and 10th Standard is the year two of the high school or Grade 11, where matriculation exams are held. At that time, matriculation exams covered both syllabus from the year one and the year two high school courses. Students who pass the matriculation exams are eligible to enter any universities and institutes according to their choices and total exam scores. Most teachers in Burmese schools are underpaid but some teachers seek high earnings from their private tuitions; an estimated 50 to 80% of students take private tuition classes apart from school lectures.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Growing Up Under the Burmese Dictatorship |url=http://www.icftu.org/www/PDF/report_burmachildren_2003.pdf |year=2003 |publisher=Internatinoal Confederation of Free Trade Unions |accessdate=2010-09-13 }}</ref>
'''High schools in Myanmar''' ({{langx|my|အစိုးရအထက်တန်းကျောင်း}}) are operated by the [[Department of Basic Education]] under the [[Ministry of Education (Myanmar)|Ministry of Education in Myanmar]]. The present education system has not changed since the re-opening of the schools in 1989, under the [[SLORC]]. After the collapse of [[socialist]] regime, the DBE updated the high school education system that most of the study syllabus based on socialism was withdrawn and a new version was introduced. Government high schools are now known as Basic Education High Schools (abbreviated BEHS), not State High Schools (SHS). The 9th Standard is regarded as the year one of the high school or Grade 10, and 10th Standard is the year two of the high school or Grade 11, where matriculation exams are held. At that time, matriculation exams covered both syllabus from the year one and the year two high school courses. Students who pass the matriculation exams are eligible to enter any universities and institutes according to their choices and total exam scores. Most teachers in Burmese schools are underpaid but some teachers seek high earnings from their private tuitions; an estimated 50 to 80% of students take private tuition classes apart from school lectures.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Growing Up Under the Burmese Dictatorship |url=http://www.icftu.org/www/PDF/report_burmachildren_2003.pdf |year=2003 |publisher=International Confederation of Free Trade Unions |accessdate=2010-09-13 }}</ref>


==Uniform==
==Uniform==
{{main|School uniforms in Myanmar (Burma)}}
Colour code of the high schools' uniform is white top and green bottom, although some girls' uniforms are mixed designed. From basic Primary schools to High schools, the uniform with this colour code is designed for students and teachers. [[Image:PrimaryUniform.jpg|thumb| 200px| Primary school student stunt with a special designed uniform in modern day]]
Colour code of the high schools' uniform is white top and green bottom, although some girls' uniforms are mixed designed. From basic Primary schools to High schools, the uniform with this colour code is designed for students and teachers. [[Image:PrimaryUniform.jpg|thumb| 200px| Primary school student stunt with a special designed uniform in modern day]]


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==Examinations==
==Examinations==
{{main|University Entrance Examination}}


All schools, including government schools, comprehensive schools and private boarding schools have take the University Entrance Examination ({{my|တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်တန်း စာမေးပွဲ}}), commonly referred to as the [[matriculation]] exam in English, administered by the [[Myanmar Board of Examinations]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Announcement for submitting matriculation exam applications |newspaper=The New Light of Myanmar |date=2007-09-14 |url=http://myanmargeneva.org/NLM2007/eng/9Sep/n070914.pdf |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref> Students from government high schools and comprehensive schools can register for the examinations internally by the guidelines of school teachers, although students from private boarding schools have to register for the exams externally themselves. Students who attend international English-language schools or other private schools are not eligible to sit for the matriculation exam, nor are they allowed to enroll in Burmese universities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Burma Considers Private Education |newspaper=The Irrawaddy |date=2009-11-18 |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17243&page=2 |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref>
Students in all schools, including government schools, comprehensive schools, and private boarding schools take the [[University Entrance Examination]] ({{lang|my|တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်တန်း စာမေးပွဲ}}), commonly referred to as the [[matriculation]] exam in English, administered by the [[Myanmar Board of Examinations]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Announcement for submitting matriculation exam applications |newspaper=The New Light of Myanmar |date=2007-09-14 |url=http://myanmargeneva.org/NLM2007/eng/9Sep/n070914.pdf |accessdate=2010-09-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428013548/http://myanmargeneva.org/NLM2007/eng/9Sep/n070914.pdf |archivedate=2011-04-28 }}</ref> Students from government high schools and comprehensive schools can register for the examinations internally by the guidelines of school teachers, although students from private boarding schools have to register for the exams externally themselves. Students who attend international English-language schools or other private schools are not eligible to sit for the matriculation exam, nor are they allowed to enroll in Burmese universities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Burma Considers Private Education |newspaper=The Irrawaddy |date=2009-11-18 |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17243&page=2 |accessdate=2010-09-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005133356/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17243&page=2 |archivedate=2010-10-05 }}</ref>

Students are administered a combination of 6 tests depending on their track: arts, science, and arts and sciences. The subjects offered are Myanmar, English, Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, History, Geography, Economics, and Optional Myanmar. Each subject examination is 3 hours long.<ref>{{cite news |title=Timetable of 2010 matriculation examination announced |newspaper=New Light of Myanmar |date=2009-12-19 |url=http://www.myanmar.com/newspaper/nlm/Dec02_19.html |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref>

High marks in a subject garner a distinction known as ''gondu'' ({{my|ဂုဏ်ထူး}}). Students who achieve distinctions in five or more subjects are generally guaranteed placement in one of Myanmar's medical universities, the most selective of universities. In recent years, the combined score of students who receive 5 subject distinctions has been above 500 out of 600. Over 500,000 students take part in these exams annually, which take place in mid-March each year (for 9 days), with results released at testing sites throughout the country in June.<ref>{{cite news |title=Parents feel the stress of matriculation |newspaper=Myanmar Times | author=Min Zaw |date=2008-03-17 |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no410/n003.htm |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref> The scores of students at remote testing sites are announced via [[shortwave radio]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Result of matriculation exam on air through Radio Myanmar |newspaper=New Light of Myanmar | author=Aung Shin |date=2010-06-13 |url=http://www.myanmar.com/newspaper/nlm/Jun13_03.html |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref> In 2009, 30% of students who participated received passing marks.<ref>{{cite news |title=Results of matriculation exams posted |newspaper=Myanmar Times | author=Aung Shin |date=2010-06-15 |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no475/n003.htm |accessdate=2009-09-03}}</ref> In Yangon, sales of alcohol are banned during matriculation exam administration.<ref>{{cite news |title=No booze as students cram for their exams |newspaper=Myanmar Times | author=Ye Ye Htwe and Shwe Yinn Mar Oo |date=2008-03-10 |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no409/n005.htm |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref>


==Criticism==
==Criticism==


In the meantime, comprehensive schools are developed as only minority rich families can afford to enroll their children. Schools in Yangon such as [[TTC Yangon]] and, [[Dagon-1]] are among the most infamous high-fee-accepting schools. Those students who can afford boarding schools have to pay as high as 5 millions [[kyat]]s a year for an overall care of a student (including accommodation, health care and food). Poor students from sub-urban districts cannot afford the high education fees, and thus, critics argue Myanmar education system is most unfair. People hope there will be a fairer education system in the future so that parents will no longer need to spend extra cash to send their children to the expensive schools. Currently, a dispute rises in Myanmar education system when the government enacted against school teachers teaching private tuition.
In the meantime, comprehensive schools are developed as only minority rich families can afford to enroll their children. Schools in Yangon such as [[TTC Yangon]], [[Dagon-1]], and Kamayut-2 are among the most well-known fee-paying schools. Students who can afford boarding schools have to pay as high as 5 million [[kyat]]s a year for an overall care of a student (including accommodation, health care, and food). Poor students from sub-urban districts cannot afford the high education fees, and thus, critics argue Myanmar education system is most unfair. People hope there will be a fairer education system in the future so that parents will no longer need to spend extra cash to send their children to the expensive schools. Currently, a dispute rises in Myanmar education system when the government enacted against school teachers teaching private tuition.


==See also==
==See also==


*[[List of Basic Education High Schools in Myanmar]]
===List of high schools===
<!-- Please restrict this to bluelinked articles on Wikipedia -->

====Arrawady Region====
*[[No.1 State High School, Lattputtar|BHES 1 Lattputar]]

====Mandalay Region====
*[[BEHS 1 Kyaukse]]
*[[Mandalay National High School|BEHS 2 Mandalay]]
*[[BEHS 8 Mandalay]]
*[[BEHS 9 Mandalay]]
*[[BEHS 1 Meiktila]]
*[[BEHS 16 Mandalay]]
*[[Phaungdawoo Monastic Education High School]]
*[[Phaungdawoo Monastic Education High School]]

====Mon State====
⚫
*[[Basic Education High School No. 9 Mawlamyine|BEHS 9 Mawlamyaing]]

====Yangon Region====
*[[BEHS 4 Ahlon]]
*[[BEHS 6 Ahlone]]
*[[BEHS 2 Bahan]]
*[[BEHS 2 Botataung]]
*[[BEHS 4 Botataung]]
*[[BEHS 5 Botataung]]
*[[BEHS 6 Botataung]]
*[[BEHS 1 Dagon]]
*[[BEHS 2 Dagon]]
*[[BEHS 3 Dagon]]
*[[BEHS 1 Insein]]
*[[BEHS 2 Kamayut]]
*[[BEHS 1 Lanmadaw]]
*[[BEHS 2 Lanmadaw]]
*[[BEHS 1 Latha]]
*[[BEHS 2 Latha]]
*[[BEHS 2 Pabedan]]
*[[BEHS 2 Sanchaung]]
*[[BEHS 4 Shwepyitha]]
*[[TTC Yangon]]
*[[TTC Yangon]]
*[[Yangon International School]]
*[[Myanmar International School]]
*[[Yangon International Educare Center]]
*Yangon International School


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<center><gallery>
<gallery class="center">
File:Dagon1night.jpg|BEHS 1 Dagon
File:Dagon1night.jpg|BEHS 1 Dagon
File:BEHS 2 Dagon (Myoma National High School), founded in 1920.JPG|BEHS 2 Dagon
File:BEHS 3 Dagon.jpg|BEHS 3 Dagon
File:BEHS 3 Dagon.jpg|BEHS 3 Dagon
File:BEHS 2 Kamayut.JPG|BEHS 2 Kamayut
File:BEHS 2 Kamayut.JPG|BEHS 2 Kamayut
File:Basic Education High School No. 1 Lanmadaw.JPG|BEHS 1 Lanmadaw
File:Basic Education High School No. 1 Lanmadaw.JPG|BEHS 1 Lanmadaw
⚫
File:Basic Education High School No. 2 Latha.JPG|BEHS 2 Latha
File:Basic Education High School No. 2 Botataung.JPG|BEHS 2 Botataung
File:Basic Education High School No. 2 Botataung.JPG|BEHS 2 Botataung
File:Basic Education High School No. 4 Botataung.JPG|BEHS 4 Botataung
File:Basic Education High School No. 4 Botataung.JPG|BEHS 4 Botataung
File:BEHS 5 Botataung.JPG|BEHS 5 Botataung
File:2016 Rangun, Ulica Anawratha, Szkoła Średnia Podstawowej Edukacji nr 5.jpg|BEHS 5 Botataung
File:6BTT.JPG|BEHS 6 Botataung
File:6BTT.JPG|BEHS 6 Botataung
File:BEHS2Bahan Yangon.jpg|BEHS 2 Bahan
File:BEHS2Bahan Yangon.jpg|BEHS 2 Bahan
Line 94: Line 56:
File:Thanphyuzayat 29.JPG|High School in Neebadaw, Thanphyuzayat
File:Thanphyuzayat 29.JPG|High School in Neebadaw, Thanphyuzayat
File:Amherst 12.JPG|High School in Kyaikkhami Township
File:Amherst 12.JPG|High School in Kyaikkhami Township
File:Basic Education High School Ta Khun Taing 03.jpg|High School in Tagundaing, Kyain Seikgyi
</gallery></center>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=5795&z=154 Irrawaddy news on Burma education]


[[Category:Education in Burma]]
[[Category:Education in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Lists of schools by country|Burma]]
[[Category:Secondary education by country|Myanmar]]
[[Category:Burma education-related lists|Schools]]

Latest revision as of 17:22, 18 November 2024

Department of Basic Education No. 3, former Rangoon college (Kyimyindaing Campus)
Assembly building of DBE 3

High schools in Myanmar (Burmese: အစိုးရအထက်တန်းကျောင်း) are operated by the Department of Basic Education under the Ministry of Education in Myanmar. The present education system has not changed since the re-opening of the schools in 1989, under the SLORC. After the collapse of socialist regime, the DBE updated the high school education system that most of the study syllabus based on socialism was withdrawn and a new version was introduced. Government high schools are now known as Basic Education High Schools (abbreviated BEHS), not State High Schools (SHS). The 9th Standard is regarded as the year one of the high school or Grade 10, and 10th Standard is the year two of the high school or Grade 11, where matriculation exams are held. At that time, matriculation exams covered both syllabus from the year one and the year two high school courses. Students who pass the matriculation exams are eligible to enter any universities and institutes according to their choices and total exam scores. Most teachers in Burmese schools are underpaid but some teachers seek high earnings from their private tuitions; an estimated 50 to 80% of students take private tuition classes apart from school lectures.[1]

Uniform

[edit]
Main article: School uniforms in Myanmar (Burma)

Colour code of the high schools' uniform is white top and green bottom, although some girls' uniforms are mixed designed. From basic Primary schools to High schools, the uniform with this colour code is designed for students and teachers.

Primary school student stunt with a special designed uniform in modern day

Syllabus

[edit]
Grade 11 Students in hundreds lined in front of their boarding school in Maymyo

High schools students choose one of 2 tracks upon entering high school: science or arts. Science-specialized students have six major subjects: Myanmar, English, Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics and Biology. Arts-specialized students take six major subjects: Myanmar, English, Mathematics, Geography, History and Economics. The student life in Myanmar is much oppressed non-democratic if compared to the western student cultures. Most boarding schools accept more than 500 students per year. At today's context, boarding schools are quite competitive with each other, even creating some under-table enrolling culture black economy in the education market of Burma.

Examinations

[edit]
Main article: University Entrance Examination

Students in all schools, including government schools, comprehensive schools, and private boarding schools take the University Entrance Examination (တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်တန်း စာမေးပွဲ), commonly referred to as the matriculation exam in English, administered by the Myanmar Board of Examinations.[2] Students from government high schools and comprehensive schools can register for the examinations internally by the guidelines of school teachers, although students from private boarding schools have to register for the exams externally themselves. Students who attend international English-language schools or other private schools are not eligible to sit for the matriculation exam, nor are they allowed to enroll in Burmese universities.[3]

Criticism

[edit]

In the meantime, comprehensive schools are developed as only minority rich families can afford to enroll their children. Schools in Yangon such as TTC Yangon, Dagon-1, and Kamayut-2 are among the most well-known fee-paying schools. Students who can afford boarding schools have to pay as high as 5 million kyats a year for an overall care of a student (including accommodation, health care, and food). Poor students from sub-urban districts cannot afford the high education fees, and thus, critics argue Myanmar education system is most unfair. People hope there will be a fairer education system in the future so that parents will no longer need to spend extra cash to send their children to the expensive schools. Currently, a dispute rises in Myanmar education system when the government enacted against school teachers teaching private tuition.

See also

[edit]
[edit]
  • BEHS 1 Dagon
    BEHS 1 Dagon
  • BEHS 3 Dagon
    BEHS 3 Dagon
  • BEHS 2 Kamayut
    BEHS 2 Kamayut
  • BEHS 1 Lanmadaw
    BEHS 1 Lanmadaw
  • BEHS 2 Latha
    BEHS 2 Latha
  • BEHS 2 Botataung
    BEHS 2 Botataung
  • BEHS 4 Botataung
    BEHS 4 Botataung
  • BEHS 5 Botataung
    BEHS 5 Botataung
  • BEHS 6 Botataung
    BEHS 6 Botataung
  • BEHS 2 Bahan
    BEHS 2 Bahan
  • BEHS 2 Pabedan
    BEHS 2 Pabedan
  • BEHS 3 Pazundaung
    BEHS 3 Pazundaung
  • BEHS 4 Ahlon
    BEHS 4 Ahlon
  • BEHS 1 Kyaikhto
    BEHS 1 Kyaikhto
  • BEHS 1 Mawlamyaing
    BEHS 1 Mawlamyaing
  • BEHS 1 Mawlamyaing sports hall
    BEHS 1 Mawlamyaing sports hall
  • BEHS 7 Mawlamyaing
    BEHS 7 Mawlamyaing
  • BEHS 8 Mawlamyaing
    BEHS 8 Mawlamyaing
  • BEHS 1 Mudon
    BEHS 1 Mudon
  • BEHS 1 Mudon
    BEHS 1 Mudon
  • High School in Mudon Township
    High School in Mudon Township
  • BEHS 1 Thanbyuzayat, Mon State
    BEHS 1 Thanbyuzayat, Mon State
  • Thanphyuzayat campus
    Thanphyuzayat campus
  • High School in Neebadaw, Thanphyuzayat
    High School in Neebadaw, Thanphyuzayat
  • High School in Kyaikkhami Township
    High School in Kyaikkhami Township
  • High School in Tagundaing, Kyain Seikgyi
    High School in Tagundaing, Kyain Seikgyi

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Growing Up Under the Burmese Dictatorship (PDF) (Report). International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 2003. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  2. ^ "Announcement for submitting matriculation exam applications" (PDF). The New Light of Myanmar. 2007-09-14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  3. ^ "Burma Considers Private Education". The Irrawaddy. 2009-11-18. Archived from the original on 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
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