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{{For|the special administrative region|Sinuiju Special Administrative Region}} |
{{For|the special administrative region|Sinuiju Special Administrative Region}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name |
| name = Sinŭiju |
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| official_name |
| official_name = |
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| native_name |
| native_name = {{nobold|신의주시}} |
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| native_name_lang |
| native_name_lang = ko |
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| settlement_type |
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in North Korea|Municipal city]] |
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| translit_lang1 |
| translit_lang1 = |
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| translit_lang1_type1 |
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] |
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| translit_lang1_type2 |
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hancha]] |
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| translit_lang1_info1 |
| translit_lang1_info1 = 신의주시 |
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| translit_lang1_type3 |
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|[[Revised Romanization]]}} |
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| translit_lang1_info2 |
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{linktext|新|義|州|市}} |
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| translit_lang1_type4 |
| translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|[[McCune-Reischauer]]}} |
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| translit_lang1_info3 |
| translit_lang1_info3 = Sinuiju-si |
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| translit_lang1_info4 |
| translit_lang1_info4 = Sinŭiju-si |
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| image_skyline |
| image_skyline = {{multiple image |
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| |
| border = infobox |
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| |
| total_width = 280 |
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| |
| image_style = border:1; |
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| |
| perrow = 1/2/1 |
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| |
| image1 = Aerial view of Downtown Sinuiju.jpg |
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| |
| image2 = Sinuiju Station.jpg |
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| image3 = South Sinŭiju.jpg |
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| image4 = 鸭绿江大桥 - panoramio.jpg |
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| ⚫ | |||
}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: Aerial view of Downtown Sinŭiju, from [[Dandong]], Apartment buildings, [[Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge]], [[Sinuiju Chongnyon station]] |
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| motto = The emblem ''Magnolia''. |
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| ⚫ | |||
| image_map = Sinuiju City in North Phyongan Province.svg |
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| flag_size = 120px |
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| map_caption = Map of North Pyongan showing the location of Sinŭiju |
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| image_shield = |
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| ⚫ | |||
| |
| shield_size = 85px |
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| shield_link = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within North Korea |
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| image_blank_emblem = |
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<!-- General information ----> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| |
| motto = The emblem ''Magnolia''. |
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| |
| image_map = Sinuiju City in North Phyongan Province.svg |
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| |
| map_caption = Sinŭiju location within North Pyongan Province |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| |
| pushpin_map = North Korea |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|North Korea}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of North Korea|Province]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| subdivision_name1 = [[North Pyongan Province|North P'yŏngan]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| parts = 49 ''tong'',<br/>9 ''ri'' |
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| area_total_km2 = 180 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| population_blank1_title = Dialect |
| population_blank1_title = Dialect |
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| population_blank1 |
| population_blank1 = [[Pyongan dialect|P'yŏngan]] |
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| timezone |
| timezone = [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang Time]] |
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| utc_offset |
| utc_offset = +9 |
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| blank_name |
| blank_name = Flower |
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| blank_info |
| blank_info = |
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| blank1_name |
| blank1_name = Tree |
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| blank1_info |
| blank1_info = |
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| blank2_name |
| blank2_name = Bird |
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| blank2_info |
| blank2_info = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Sinŭiju''' ({{ |
'''Sinŭiju''' ({{korean|hangul=신의주시|mr=Sinŭiju-si}}; {{IPA|ko|ɕinɰidzu ɕi|IPA}}), is a city in [[North Korea]] which faces [[Dandong]], [[Liaoning]], [[China]], across the international border of the [[Yalu River]]. It is the capital of [[North Pyongan Province|North P'yŏngan province]]. Part of the city is included in the [[Sinuiju Special Administrative Region|Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region]], which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years, the city, despite lagging behind the development in the capital Pyongyang, has seen a small construction boom{{contradictory inline|date=April 2022}} and increasing tourism from China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/gallery/sights-of-sinuiju-change-and-continuity-in-north-koreas-window-to-china/|title = Sights of Sinuiju: Change and continuity in North Korea's window to China | NK News}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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[[File:Park near Sino-Korea Friendship Bridge - Sinuiju (DPRK).jpg|thumb|250px|A park near the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge]] |
[[File:Park near Sino-Korea Friendship Bridge - Sinuiju (DPRK).jpg|thumb|250px|A park near the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge]] |
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[[File:Sinuiju main square & Kim Il Sung statue.jpg|thumb|250px|A large square in the center of Sinŭiju in August 2012, with a statue of [[Kim Il |
[[File:Sinuiju main square & Kim Il Sung statue.jpg|thumb|250px|A large square in the center of Sinŭiju in August 2012, with a statue of [[Kim Il Sung]]]] |
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[[File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-12a.jpg|thumb|Map of Sinŭiju and [[Dandong]] (An-tung)]] |
[[File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-12a.jpg|thumb|Map of Sinŭiju and [[Dandong]] (An-tung)]] |
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Sinŭiju is bordered by the [[Amnok River]], and by [[Pihyon County|P'ihyŏn]] and [[Ryongchon County|Ryongch'ŏn counties]]. The city's altitude is 1 metre (4 feet) above sea level. There are several islands at the mouth of the Amnok River - [[Wihwado Island|Wihwa-do]], [[Imdo Island|Rim-do]], [[Ryuchodo Island|Ryuch'o-do]] and [[East Ryuchodo Island|Tongryuch'o-do]]. |
Sinŭiju is bordered by the [[Amnok River]], and by [[Pihyon County|P'ihyŏn]] and [[Ryongchon County|Ryongch'ŏn counties]]. The city's altitude is 1 metre (4 feet) above sea level. There are several islands at the mouth of the Amnok River - [[Wihwado Island|Wihwa-do]], [[Imdo Island|Rim-do]], [[Ryuchodo Island|Ryuch'o-do]] and [[East Ryuchodo Island|Tongryuch'o-do]]. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
|- |
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! Name !! [[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] !! [[Hanja |
! Name !! [[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] !! [[Hanja]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| May 1st-dong (O-il-dong) || 5-1동 (오일동) || {{linktext|五|一|洞}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| Apkang-dong || 압강동 || {{linktext|鴨|江|洞}} |
| Apkang-dong || 압강동 || {{linktext|鴨|江|洞}} |
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| Line 188: | Line 195: | ||
== History == |
== History == |
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Developed as a major settlement during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|colonial rule]] at the terminus of a railway bridge across the Amrok River, Sinuiju is located 11 |
Developed as a major settlement during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|colonial rule]] at the terminus of a railway bridge across the Amrok River, Sinuiju is located 11 km (7 miles) south by southwest of [[Uiju|Ŭiju]], the old city from whose name Sinŭiju (meaning “New Ŭiju”) derives. As an open port, it grew commercially with the logging industry which uses the Amnok River to transport lumber. Additionally, a chemical industry developed after the hydroelectric Sup'ung Dam was built further up the river. |
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In the course of the [[Korean War]], after being driven from P'yŏngyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinŭiju<ref>{{cite book |last=Sandler |first=Stanley |date=1999 |title=The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished |url=https://archive.org/details/koreanwarnovicto0000sand |url-access=registration |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |page=[https://archive.org/details/koreanwarnovicto0000sand/page/108 108]}}</ref><ref name=kanggye>{{cite book |last=Mossman |first=Billy |date=June 29, 2005 |title=United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951 |publisher=University Press of the Pacific |page=51}}</ref> - although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved - this time to [[Kanggye]].<ref name=kanggye /> Also, the city sustained heavy damage from aerial bombardment as part of the [[United States Air Force]]'s [[Korean War#Bombing of North Korea|strategic bombing of North Korea]]; 95 percent of the city was destroyed.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/WZHtJG9UG7A Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200104145925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHtJG9UG7A Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHtJG9UG7A| title = Firebombing North Korea - The US and the Korean War | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> However, the city has since been rebuilt. |
In the course of the [[Korean War]], after being driven from P'yŏngyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinŭiju<ref>{{cite book |last=Sandler |first=Stanley |date=1999 |title=The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished |url=https://archive.org/details/koreanwarnovicto0000sand |url-access=registration |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |page=[https://archive.org/details/koreanwarnovicto0000sand/page/108 108]}}</ref><ref name=kanggye>{{cite book |last=Mossman |first=Billy |date=June 29, 2005 |title=United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951 |publisher=University Press of the Pacific |page=51}}</ref> - although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved - this time to [[Kanggye]].<ref name=kanggye /> Also, the city sustained heavy damage from aerial bombardment as part of the [[United States Air Force]]'s [[Korean War#Bombing of North Korea|strategic bombing of North Korea]]; 95 percent of the city was destroyed.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/WZHtJG9UG7A Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200104145925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHtJG9UG7A Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHtJG9UG7A| title = Firebombing North Korea - The US and the Korean War | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> However, the city has since been rebuilt. |
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In 2018, a master plan for the redevelopment of the city was unveiled and shown to [[Kim Jong |
In 2018, a master plan for the redevelopment of the city was unveiled and shown to [[Kim Jong Un]], which would have featured many high rise buildings and parks, centered around the road leading to the statues of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. Ultimately, this plan has yet to be fulfilled, with the only major work completed being the repaving of roads leading to the statues and the red coloured, circular apartment building behind and the Sinuiju Youth Open Air Theatre's completion, although the industrial areas in the city have seen some reconstruction.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-08|title=Sinuiju City: Big Plans, Little Progress {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/03/sinuiju-city-big-plans-little-progress/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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| Line 199: | Line 206: | ||
===Trade with China=== |
===Trade with China=== |
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A substantial portion of North Korea's international trade, both legal and illegal, passes through Sinuiju and Dandong, across the [[ |
A substantial portion of North Korea's international trade, both legal and illegal, passes through Sinuiju and Dandong, across the [[Yalu River]].<ref name="NYT033116">{{cite news|author1=Jane Perlez and Yufan Huang|title=A Hole in North Korean Sanctions Big Enough for Coal, Oil and Used Pianos|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/world/asia/north-korea-china-sanctions-trade.html|access-date=April 3, 2016|work=The New York Times|date=March 31, 2016|quote=China accounts for about 90 percent of North Korea’s trade. Half of that business is estimated to flow through Dandong...}}</ref> |
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===Central market=== |
===Central market=== |
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==Transportation== |
==Transportation== |
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[[File:Sinuiju Railway Station DPRK.jpg|thumb|250px|Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn Railway Station]] |
[[File:Sinuiju Railway Station DPRK.jpg|thumb|250px|Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn Railway Station]] |
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Sinŭiju can be reached from [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]] by air, railway and road. It can be reached from Dandong in China by crossing the Amnok River by bridge or boat. Foreign tourists on excursion boats from Dandong are sometimes permitted to approach within a few meters of the city's coastline, as long as they do not land.<ref> |
Sinŭiju can be reached from [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]] by air, railway and road. It can be reached from Dandong in China by crossing the Amnok River by bridge or boat. Foreign tourists on excursion boats from Dandong are sometimes permitted to approach within a few meters of the city's coastline, as long as they do not land.<ref>{{Cite web |
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| ⚫ | |||
| last = Cruddas |
| last = Cruddas |
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| first = Sarah |
| first = Sarah |
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| date = 2014-02-18 |
| date = 2014-02-18 |
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| url = http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140211-peering-into-north-korea |
| url = http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140211-peering-into-north-korea |
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| ⚫ | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140701164440/http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140211-peering-into-north-korea |
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| url-status = dead |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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===Air=== |
===Air=== |
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[[Sinuiju Airport|Sinŭiju's airport]] has a single turf runway 03/21 measuring |
[[Sinuiju Airport|Sinŭiju's airport]] has a single turf runway 03/21 measuring 991 metres by 61 metres (3250 feet by 213 feet).<ref name="landings">[http://www.landings.com/evird.acgi?pass=183123114&ref=-&mtd=41&cgi=%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-search_apt&var=13&buf=66&src=_landings%2Fpages%2Fsearch_apt.html&1=&5=&7=&8=north+korea&6=sinuiju&9=&10=&max_ret=10&start_ret=1 Landings database page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324101344/http://www.landings.com/evird.acgi?pass=183123114&ref=-&mtd=41&cgi=%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-search_apt&var=13&buf=66&src=_landings%2Fpages%2Fsearch_apt.html&1=&5=&7=&8=north+korea&6=sinuiju&9=&10=&max_ret=10&start_ret=1 |date=2012-03-24 }} "Landings.Com", accessed 06 Aug 2010,</ref> [[Air Koryo|Air Koryŏ]] operates passenger and cargo flights from P'yŏngyang. |
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===Rail=== |
===Rail=== |
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=== Urban transit === |
=== Urban transit === |
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Sinuiju has a trolleybus line that runs from the city centre to the railway station. It was reopened in October 2020 with new trolleybuses derived from the Pyongyang Chollima-321 trolleybus. It formerly had another line running from the Sinuiju Chongnyon Station to Ragwon Machine Complex that closed between 2005 and 2009 with the reconstruction of the highway with a shifted alignment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sinuiju|url=https://transphoto.org/city/1758/|access-date=2020-11-26|website=transphoto.org}}</ref> |
Sinuiju has a [[trolleybus]] line that runs from the city centre to the railway station. It was reopened in October 2020 with new trolleybuses derived from the Pyongyang Chollima-321 trolleybus. It formerly had another line running from the Sinuiju Chongnyon Station to Ragwon Machine Complex that closed between 2005 and 2009 with the reconstruction of the highway with a shifted alignment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sinuiju|url=https://transphoto.org/city/1758/|access-date=2020-11-26|website=transphoto.org}}</ref> |
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== Climate == |
== Climate == |
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| Line 230: | Line 239: | ||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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| location = Sinuiju ( |
| location = Sinuiju (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present) |
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| single line = Yes |
| single line = Yes |
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| metric first = Yes |
| metric first = Yes |
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| Line 240: | Line 249: | ||
| Jun record high C = 37.0 |
| Jun record high C = 37.0 |
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| Jul record high C = 36.9 |
| Jul record high C = 36.9 |
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| Aug record high C = |
| Aug record high C = 38.5 |
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| Sep record high C = 33.0 |
| Sep record high C = 33.0 |
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| Oct record high C = 28.9 |
| Oct record high C = 28.9 |
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| Nov record high C = |
| Nov record high C = 23.1 |
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| Dec record high C = 13.9 |
| Dec record high C = 13.9 |
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|year record high C = |
| year record high C = 38.5 |
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| Jan high C = - |
| Jan high C = -0.8 |
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| Feb high C = 2. |
| Feb high C = 2.9 |
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| Mar high C = 8. |
| Mar high C = 8.8 |
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| Apr high C = |
| Apr high C = 16.1 |
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| May high C = |
| May high C = 22.0 |
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| Jun high C = 25. |
| Jun high C = 25.9 |
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| Jul high C = |
| Jul high C = 28.3 |
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| Aug high C = |
| Aug high C = 29.2 |
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| Sep high C = 25. |
| Sep high C = 25.6 |
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| Oct high C = 18. |
| Oct high C = 18.3 |
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| Nov high C = 8. |
| Nov high C = 8.7 |
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| Dec high C = 0. |
| Dec high C = 0.5 |
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|year high C = 15. |
| year high C = 15.5 |
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| Jan mean C = -6. |
| Jan mean C = -6.2 |
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| Feb mean C = - |
| Feb mean C = -2.8 |
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| Mar mean C = |
| Mar mean C = 3.2 |
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| Apr mean C = |
| Apr mean C = 10.1 |
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| May mean C = |
| May mean C = 16.2 |
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| Jun mean C = 20. |
| Jun mean C = 20.9 |
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| Jul mean C = |
| Jul mean C = 24.1 |
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| Aug mean C = 24. |
| Aug mean C = 24.5 |
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| Sep mean C = 19. |
| Sep mean C = 19.7 |
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| Oct mean C = 12. |
| Oct mean C = 12.2 |
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| Nov mean C = 3. |
| Nov mean C = 3.6 |
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| Dec mean C = -4. |
| Dec mean C = -4.2 |
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|year mean C = |
| year mean C = 10.1 |
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| Jan low C = - |
| Jan low C = -10.3 |
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| Feb low C = -7. |
| Feb low C = -7.2 |
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| Mar low C = -1. |
| Mar low C = -1.2 |
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| Apr low C = 5. |
| Apr low C = 5.4 |
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| May low C = 11. |
| May low C = 11.5 |
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| Jun low C = |
| Jun low C = 17.0 |
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| Jul low C = |
| Jul low C = 21.2 |
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| Aug low C = |
| Aug low C = 21.1 |
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| Sep low C = |
| Sep low C = 15.1 |
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| Oct low C = 7. |
| Oct low C = 7.5 |
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| Nov low C = -0. |
| Nov low C = -0.4 |
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| Dec low C = - |
| Dec low C = -8.0 |
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|year low C = |
| year low C = 6.0 |
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| Jan record low C = - |
| Jan record low C = -27.3 |
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| Feb record low C = -26.0 |
| Feb record low C = -26.0 |
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| Mar record low C = -18.9 |
| Mar record low C = -18.9 |
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| Line 297: | Line 306: | ||
| Nov record low C = -15.0 |
| Nov record low C = -15.0 |
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| Dec record low C = -22.8 |
| Dec record low C = -22.8 |
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|year record low C = - |
| year record low C = -27.3 |
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| precipitation colour = green |
| precipitation colour = green |
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| Jan precipitation mm = |
| Jan precipitation mm = 5.9 |
||
| Feb precipitation mm = |
| Feb precipitation mm = 14.9 |
||
| Mar precipitation mm = |
| Mar precipitation mm = 20.3 |
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| Apr precipitation mm = 53. |
| Apr precipitation mm = 53.7 |
||
| May precipitation mm = |
| May precipitation mm = 85.0 |
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| Jun precipitation mm = |
| Jun precipitation mm = 122.6 |
||
| Jul precipitation mm = |
| Jul precipitation mm = 251.9 |
||
| Aug precipitation mm = |
| Aug precipitation mm = 241.3 |
||
| Sep precipitation mm = |
| Sep precipitation mm = 95.7 |
||
| Oct precipitation mm = |
| Oct precipitation mm = 78.8 |
||
| Nov precipitation mm = |
| Nov precipitation mm = 37.2 |
||
| Dec precipitation mm = |
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.6 |
||
|year precipitation mm = |
| year precipitation mm = 1020.9 |
||
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
||
| Jan precipitation days = 2. |
| Jan precipitation days = 2.1 |
||
| Feb precipitation days = |
| Feb precipitation days = 3.2 |
||
| Mar precipitation days = 3. |
| Mar precipitation days = 3.8 |
||
| Apr precipitation days = 6. |
| Apr precipitation days = 6.4 |
||
| May precipitation days = |
| May precipitation days = 7.7 |
||
| Jun precipitation days = 9. |
| Jun precipitation days = 9.8 |
||
| Jul precipitation days = |
| Jul precipitation days = 12.6 |
||
| Aug precipitation days = |
| Aug precipitation days = 10.4 |
||
| Sep precipitation days = |
| Sep precipitation days = 5.7 |
||
| Oct precipitation days = 5.6 |
| Oct precipitation days = 5.6 |
||
| Nov precipitation days = |
| Nov precipitation days = 5.2 |
||
| Dec precipitation days = |
| Dec precipitation days = 4.0 |
||
|year precipitation days = 76. |
| year precipitation days = 76.5 |
||
| Jan snow days = |
| Jan snow days = 3.5 |
||
| Feb snow days = 3. |
| Feb snow days = 3.1 |
||
| Mar snow days = 2. |
| Mar snow days = 2.1 |
||
| Apr snow days = 0.3 |
| Apr snow days = 0.3 |
||
| May snow days = 0. |
| May snow days = 0.1 |
||
| Jun snow days = 0.0 |
| Jun snow days = 0.0 |
||
| Jul snow days = 0.0 |
| Jul snow days = 0.0 |
||
| Aug snow days = 0.0 |
| Aug snow days = 0.0 |
||
| Sep snow days = 0.0 |
| Sep snow days = 0.0 |
||
| Oct snow days = 0. |
| Oct snow days = 0.1 |
||
| Nov snow days = |
| Nov snow days = 1.9 |
||
| Dec snow days = 4. |
| Dec snow days = 4.4 |
||
| year snow days = |
| year snow days = 15.5 |
||
| Jan humidity = |
| Jan humidity = 60.2 |
||
| Feb humidity = |
| Feb humidity = 59.9 |
||
| Mar humidity = |
| Mar humidity = 61.8 |
||
| Apr humidity = |
| Apr humidity = 63.7 |
||
| May humidity = |
| May humidity = 70.0 |
||
| Jun humidity = 78. |
| Jun humidity = 78.0 |
||
| Jul humidity = |
| Jul humidity = 84.2 |
||
| Aug humidity = |
| Aug humidity = 81.7 |
||
| Sep humidity = |
| Sep humidity = 73.7 |
||
| Oct humidity = 68. |
| Oct humidity = 68.0 |
||
| Nov humidity = |
| Nov humidity = 65.6 |
||
| Dec humidity = |
| Dec humidity = 62.5 |
||
|year humidity = |
| year humidity = 69.1 |
||
| Jan sun = 199 |
| Jan sun = 199 |
||
| Feb sun = 195 |
| Feb sun = 195 |
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| Line 366: | Line 375: | ||
|year sun = |
|year sun = |
||
|source 1 = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]]<ref name= KMA>{{cite web |
|source 1 = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]]<ref name= KMA>{{cite web |
||
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/ |
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220129211112/https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/northkorea_pdf_0104.pdf |
||
| archive-date = 29 January 2022 |
|||
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/northkorea_pdf_0104.pdf |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration |
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration |
||
| access-date = 23 |
| access-date = 23 March 2022 |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| language = ko |
| language = ko |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201221190709/https://data.kma.go.kr/data/publication/publicationNkList.do?pgmNo=566 |
|||
| url-status = live |
| url-status = live |
||
| pages = |
| pages = 209, 291, and 344}}</ref> |
||
}}</ref> |
|||
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (sun, 1961–1990),<ref name = DWD> |
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (sun, 1961–1990),<ref name = DWD> |
||
{{cite web |
{{cite web |
||
| Line 392: | Line 400: | ||
| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration |
| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration |
||
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst |
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst |
||
| access-date = 6 November 2016}}</ref>{{efn|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt Station ID for Sinuiju is 47035] Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}} Meteo Climat (extremes)<ref name = meteoclimat> |
| access-date = 6 November 2016}}</ref>{{efn|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt Station ID for Sinuiju is 47035] Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}} Meteo Climat (extremes),<ref name = meteoclimat> |
||
{{cite web |
{{cite web |
||
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1693 |
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1693 |
||
| Line 398: | Line 406: | ||
| publisher = Meteo Climat |
| publisher = Meteo Climat |
||
| language = fr |
| language = fr |
||
| access-date = 6 November 2016}}</ref> |
| access-date = 6 November 2016}}</ref> Extreme Temperature Around The World <ref> |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| url = https://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |
|||
| title = January record low and August record high |
|||
| work = |
|||
| publisher = |
|||
| language = en |
|||
| access-date = 3 July 2023}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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| Line 405: | Line 420: | ||
Facilities in Sinŭiju include Sinŭiju High School, Sinŭiju Commercial High School, Eastern Middle School, Sinŭiju Light Industry University, Sinŭiju University of Medicine and the Sinuiju University of Education. Scenic sites include the Tonggun Pavilion, Waterfall, and Hot Springs. |
Facilities in Sinŭiju include Sinŭiju High School, Sinŭiju Commercial High School, Eastern Middle School, Sinŭiju Light Industry University, Sinŭiju University of Medicine and the Sinuiju University of Education. Scenic sites include the Tonggun Pavilion, Waterfall, and Hot Springs. |
||
There also is a [[Ferris wheel]] overlooking the |
There also is a [[Ferris wheel]] overlooking the [[Yalu River]], reportedly broken.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nknews.org/2010/10/observations-from-dandong/ |quote=Further in shore I spotted Sinuiju’s signature monument, the Ferris wheel that doesn’t move. |title=Observations from Dandong |first=Daniel |last=Kane |date=October 22, 2010 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |publisher=[[NK News]]}}</ref> |
||
==Notable people== |
==Notable people== |
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| Line 432: | Line 447: | ||
{{commons category|Sinuiju}} |
{{commons category|Sinuiju}} |
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{{Wikivoyage}} |
{{Wikivoyage}} |
||
*[https://koreanologie.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Sinuiju/Sinuiju.pdf City profile of Sinuiju] |
*[https://koreanologie.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Sinuiju/Sinuiju.pdf City profile of Sinuiju] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310025949/https://koreanologie.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Sinuiju/Sinuiju.pdf |date=2016-03-10 }} |
||
*[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Number=861907&page=&vc=1&PHPSESSID=#Post861907 North Korea Uncovered], (North Korea Google Earth) see a mapping of Sinuiju's main infrastructure, power lines, railroad, detention center, and Kim Jong Il residence, plus a whole lot more. |
*[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Number=861907&page=&vc=1&PHPSESSID=#Post861907 North Korea Uncovered] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222041022/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Number=861907&page=&vc=1&PHPSESSID=#Post861907 |date=2008-12-22 }}, (North Korea Google Earth) see a mapping of Sinuiju's main infrastructure, power lines, railroad, detention center, and Kim Jong Il residence, plus a whole lot more. |
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{{North Pyongan}} |
{{North Pyongan}} |
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{{Metropolitan cities of North Korea}} |
{{Metropolitan cities of North Korea}} |
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{{Most populous cities in North Korea}} |
{{Most populous cities in North Korea}} |
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{{Largest cities of North Korea}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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Latest revision as of 18:59, 18 November 2024
Sinŭiju
신의주시 | |
|---|---|
| transcription(s) | |
| • Chosŏn'gŭl | 신의주시 |
| • Hancha | 新義州市 |
| • Revised Romanization | Sinuiju-si |
| • McCune-Reischauer | Sinŭiju-si |
Clockwise from top: Aerial view of Downtown Sinŭiju, from Dandong, Apartment buildings, Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge, Sinuiju Chongnyon station | |
| Motto: The emblem Magnolia. | |
 Sinŭiju location within North Pyongan Province | |
 | |
  Sinŭiju | |
| Coordinates: 40°06′N 124°24′E / 40.100°N 124.400°E | |
| Country |  North Korea |
| Province | North P'yŏngan |
| Administrative divisions | 49 tong, 9 ri |
| Area | |
• Total | 180 km2 (70 sq mi) |
| Population (2008) | |
• Total | 359,341[1] |
| • Dialect | P'yŏngan |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Pyongyang Time) |
Sinŭiju (Korean: 신의주시; MR: Sinŭiju-si; IPA: [ɕinɰidzu ɕi]), is a city in North Korea which faces Dandong, Liaoning, China, across the international border of the Yalu River. It is the capital of North P'yŏngan province. Part of the city is included in the Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region, which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years, the city, despite lagging behind the development in the capital Pyongyang, has seen a small construction boom[contradictory] and increasing tourism from China.[2]
Geography
[edit].jpg)
Sinŭiju is bordered by the Amnok River, and by P'ihyŏn and Ryongch'ŏn counties. The city's altitude is 1 metre (4 feet) above sea level. There are several islands at the mouth of the Amnok River - Wihwa-do, Rim-do, Ryuch'o-do and Tongryuch'o-do.
Administrative divisions
[edit]Sinuiju city is the heart of the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region. The city is currently divided into 49 tong (neighbourhoods) and 9 ri (villages):
| Name | Chosŏn'gŭl | Hanja |
|---|---|---|
| May 1st-dong (O-il-dong) | 5-1동 (오일동) | 五一洞 |
| Apkang-dong | 압강동 | 鴨江洞 |
| Chaeha-dong | 채하동 | 彩霞洞 |
| Chinseon 1-dong | 친선1동 | 親善一洞 |
| Chinseon 2-dong | 친선2동 | 親善二洞 |
| Cheongsong-dong | 청송동 | 靑松洞 |
| Haebang-dong | 해방동 | 解放洞 |
| Kaehyeok-dong | 개혁동 | 改革洞 |
| Koseong-dong | 고성동 | 古城洞 |
| Keunhwa-dong | 근화동 | 芹花洞 |
| Majeon-dong | 마전동 | 麻田洞 |
| Minpho-dong | 민포동 | 敏浦洞 |
| Namha-dong | 남하동 | 南下洞 |
| Namjung-dong | 남중동 | 南中洞 |
| Nammin-dong | 남민동 | 南敏洞 |
| Namsang-dong | 남상동 | 南上洞 |
| Namseo-dong | 남서동 | 南西洞 |
| Namsong-dong | 남송동 | 南松洞 |
| Baekun-dong | 백운동 | 白雲洞 |
| Baeksa-dong | 백사동 | 白沙洞 |
| Baekto-dong | 백토동 | 白土洞 |
| Bangjik-tong | 방직동 | 紡織洞 |
| Bonbu-dong | 본부동 | 本部洞 |
| Panmun-dong | 판문동 | 板門洞 |
| Pungseo 1-dong | 풍서1동 | 豊西一洞 |
| Pungseo 2-dong | 풍서2동 | 豊西二洞 |
| Pyeonghwa-dong | 평화동 | 平和洞 |
| Ragwon 1-dong | 락원1동 | 樂園一洞 |
| Ragwon 2-dong | 락원2동 | 樂園二洞 |
| Rakcheong 1-dong | 락청1동 | 樂清一洞 |
| Rakcheong 2-dong | 락청2동 | 樂清二洞 |
| Ryeonsang 1-dong | 련상1동 | 蓮上一洞 |
| Ryeonsang 2-dong | 련상2동 | 蓮上二洞 |
| Ryusang 1-dong | 류상1동 | 柳上一洞 |
| Ryusang 2-dong | 류상2동 | 柳上二洞 |
| Sinnam-dong | 신남동 | 新南洞 |
| Sinpo-dong | 신포동 | 新浦洞 |
| Sinwon-dong | 신원동 | 新元洞 |
| Seokha 1-dong | 석하1동 | 石下一洞 |
| Seokha 2-dong | 석하2동 | 石下二洞 |
| Songhan-dong | 송한동 | 送鷴洞 |
| Seonsang-dong | 선상동 | 仙上洞 |
| Sumun-dong | 수문동 | 水門洞 |
| Dongha-dong | 동하동 | 東下洞 |
| Dongjung-dong | 동중동 | 東中洞 |
| Dongsang-dong | 동상동 | 東上洞 |
| Wai-dong | 와이동 | 瓦耳洞 |
| Yeokcheon-dong | 역전동 | 驛前洞 |
| Yeonha-dong | 연하동 | 煙下洞 |
| Jungjae-ri | 중재리 | 中斉里 |
| Hadan-ri | 하단리 | 下端里 |
| Ryucho-ri | 류초리 | 柳草里 |
| Samgyo-ri | 삼교리 | 三橋里 |
| Samryong-ri | 삼룡리 | 三龍里 |
| Sangdan-ri | 상단리 | 上端里 |
| Seongseo-ri | 성서리 | 城西里 |
| Daji-ri | 다지리 | 多智里 |
| Toseong-ri | 토성리 | 土城里 |
History
[edit]Developed as a major settlement during the colonial rule at the terminus of a railway bridge across the Amrok River, Sinuiju is located 11 km (7 miles) south by southwest of Ŭiju, the old city from whose name Sinŭiju (meaning “New Ŭiju”) derives. As an open port, it grew commercially with the logging industry which uses the Amnok River to transport lumber. Additionally, a chemical industry developed after the hydroelectric Sup'ung Dam was built further up the river.
In the course of the Korean War, after being driven from P'yŏngyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinŭiju[3][4] - although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved - this time to Kanggye.[4] Also, the city sustained heavy damage from aerial bombardment as part of the United States Air Force's strategic bombing of North Korea; 95 percent of the city was destroyed.[5] However, the city has since been rebuilt.
In 2018, a master plan for the redevelopment of the city was unveiled and shown to Kim Jong Un, which would have featured many high rise buildings and parks, centered around the road leading to the statues of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. Ultimately, this plan has yet to be fulfilled, with the only major work completed being the repaving of roads leading to the statues and the red coloured, circular apartment building behind and the Sinuiju Youth Open Air Theatre's completion, although the industrial areas in the city have seen some reconstruction.[6]
Economy
[edit]
An important light industry centre in North Korea, Sinŭiju has a plant manufacturing enamelled ironware as well as a textile mill, paper mill and an afforestation factory. Its southwest harbour has a shipyard, although the shipyard's main function is seemingly to dismantle ships for scrap metal and other usable materials rather than building new ships. The area has recycling plants which recycle a wide range of material, including products that are banned for recycling in China.[7][8][9] The Sinŭiju Cosmetics Factory is located in South Sinŭiju (Namsinŭiju).
Trade with China
[edit]A substantial portion of North Korea's international trade, both legal and illegal, passes through Sinuiju and Dandong, across the Yalu River.[10]
Central market
[edit]Since 2002, commercial life has been centred on the Chaeha-dong Market.[11] Based on a satellite image taken on 30 October 2012, the market has been destroyed and is being made into a new park.[11]
Transportation
[edit]
Sinŭiju can be reached from P'yŏngyang by air, railway and road. It can be reached from Dandong in China by crossing the Amnok River by bridge or boat. Foreign tourists on excursion boats from Dandong are sometimes permitted to approach within a few meters of the city's coastline, as long as they do not land.[12]
Air
[edit]Sinŭiju's airport has a single turf runway 03/21 measuring 991 metres by 61 metres (3250 feet by 213 feet).[13] Air Koryŏ operates passenger and cargo flights from P'yŏngyang.
Rail
[edit]Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn Station is the northern terminus of the Korean State Railway's P'yŏngŭi Line from P'yŏngyang; the district is also served by several other stations on the P'yŏngŭi line, as well as the Tŏkhyŏn and Paengma lines. It is also connected with the Chinese city of Dandong in Liaoning Province (China) by the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge, which is 944 m (3,097 ft) long from end to end, and through the Manchuria Railway links up with the Trans-Siberian railway. The factories of the city of Sinŭiju are provided with railway service via the Kang'an Line.
Urban transit
[edit]Sinuiju has a trolleybus line that runs from the city centre to the railway station. It was reopened in October 2020 with new trolleybuses derived from the Pyongyang Chollima-321 trolleybus. It formerly had another line running from the Sinuiju Chongnyon Station to Ragwon Machine Complex that closed between 2005 and 2009 with the reconstruction of the highway with a shifted alignment.[14]
Climate
[edit]Sinŭiju has a monsoonal humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) with hot, humid and stormy summers and cold, dry winters with little snowfall.
| Climate data for Sinuiju (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
28.4 (83.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
36.9 (98.4) |
38.5 (101.3) |
33.0 (91.4) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
2.9 (37.2) |
8.8 (47.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.2 (84.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
0.5 (32.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
3.2 (37.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
12.2 (54.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.3 (13.5) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.3 (−17.1) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
10.0 (50.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.9 (0.23) |
14.9 (0.59) |
20.3 (0.80) |
53.7 (2.11) |
85.0 (3.35) |
122.6 (4.83) |
251.9 (9.92) |
241.3 (9.50) |
95.7 (3.77) |
78.8 (3.10) |
37.2 (1.46) |
13.6 (0.54) |
1,020.9 (40.19) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.1 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 10.4 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 76.5 |
| Average snowy days | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 4.4 | 15.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60.2 | 59.9 | 61.8 | 63.7 | 70.0 | 78.0 | 84.2 | 81.7 | 73.7 | 68.0 | 65.6 | 62.5 | 69.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 199 | 195 | 227 | 228 | 237 | 207 | 163 | 200 | 220 | 208 | 169 | 172 | 2,425 |
| Source 1: Korea Meteorological Administration[15] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990),[16][17][a] Meteo Climat (extremes),[18] Extreme Temperature Around The World [19] | |||||||||||||
Places of interest
[edit].jpg)
Facilities in Sinŭiju include Sinŭiju High School, Sinŭiju Commercial High School, Eastern Middle School, Sinŭiju Light Industry University, Sinŭiju University of Medicine and the Sinuiju University of Education. Scenic sites include the Tonggun Pavilion, Waterfall, and Hot Springs.
There also is a Ferris wheel overlooking the Yalu River, reportedly broken.[20]
Notable people
[edit]- Sohn Kee-chung, South Korean Olympic athlete and long-distance runner
- Yi Sung-sun, South Korean street knight
- Yushoku Cho, Japanese speed skater
See also
[edit]
- List of cities in North Korea
- Geography of North Korea
- Sinuiju Incident
- Sinuiju North Korean Leader's Residence
Notes
[edit]- ^ Station ID for Sinuiju is 47035 Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration
References
[edit]- ^ 북한통계>인구일제조사>2008년>인구>도, 시/구역/군, 도시/농촌별, 성별인구 통계청 북한통계, 2018년 10월 7일 확인.
- ^ "Sights of Sinuiju: Change and continuity in North Korea's window to China | NK News".
- ^ Sandler, Stanley (1999). The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 108.
- ^ a b Mossman, Billy (June 29, 2005). United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951. University Press of the Pacific. p. 51.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Firebombing North Korea - The US and the Korean War". YouTube.
- ^ "Sinuiju City: Big Plans, Little Progress | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea". 38 North. 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
- ^ Rank, Michael (March 15, 2013). "North Korean-Taiwan nuclear waste deal thwarted over export permit". NK Economic Watch. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ Rank, Michael (30 June 2008). "North Korea in bid to recycle toxic waste". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ "Dalian-based Huatai Recycling Resources Co Ltd" (in Chinese). Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ Jane Perlez and Yufan Huang (March 31, 2016). "A Hole in North Korean Sanctions Big Enough for Coal, Oil and Used Pianos". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
China accounts for about 90 percent of North Korea's trade. Half of that business is estimated to flow through Dandong...
- ^ a b "Market expansion: Sinuiju". North Korea Economic Watch. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
- ^ Cruddas, Sarah (2014-02-18). "Peering into North Korea : North Korea". BBC - Travel. Archived from the original on 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2014-07-24.
- ^ Landings database page Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine "Landings.Com", accessed 06 Aug 2010,
- ^ "Sinuiju". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
- ^ "30 years report of Meteorological Observations in North Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. pp. 209, 291, and 344. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Sinuiju / Korea (Nordkorea)" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
- ^ "Station 47035 Sinuiju". Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on 2017-10-17. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
- ^ "Station Sinuiju" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
- ^ "January record low and August record high". Retrieved 3 July 2023.
- ^ Kane, Daniel (October 22, 2010). "Observations from Dandong". NK News. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
Further in shore I spotted Sinuiju's signature monument, the Ferris wheel that doesn't move.
Further reading
[edit]- Cathcart, Adam; Kraus, Charles (2008). "Peripheral Influence: The Sinŭiju Student Incident of 1945 and the Impact of Soviet Occupation in North Korea". Journal of Korean Studies. 13 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1353/jks.2008.0002. S2CID 144775147.
- Dormels, Rainer (2014). North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang. ISBN 978-89-6297-167-5.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sinuiju.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Sinuiju.
- City profile of Sinuiju Archived 2016-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
- North Korea Uncovered Archived 2008-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, (North Korea Google Earth) see a mapping of Sinuiju's main infrastructure, power lines, railroad, detention center, and Kim Jong Il residence, plus a whole lot more.
| 2,000,000 and more |
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| 1,000,000–1,999,999 |
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| 500,000–999,999 | |
| 200,000–499,999 | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
