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Coordinates: 40°06′N 124°24′E / 40.100°N 124.400°E / 40.100; 124.400
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m v2.05 - Fix errors for CW project (Ordinal number found inside <sup> tags)
 
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{{For|the special administrative region|Sinuiju Special Administrative Region}}
{{For|the special administrative region|Sinuiju Special Administrative Region}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sinŭiju City
| name = Sinŭiju
| official_name =
| official_name =
| native_name = {{nobold|신의주시}}
| native_name = {{nobold|신의주시}}
| native_name_lang = ko
| native_name_lang = ko
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in North Korea|Municipal City]]
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in North Korea|Municipal city]]
| translit_lang1 = &nbsp;
| translit_lang1 = &nbsp;
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hancha]]
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hancha]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{linktext|신|의|주|시}}
| translit_lang1_info1 = 신의주시
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|[[Revised Romanization]]}}
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|[[Revised Romanization]]}}
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{linktext|新|義|州|市}}
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{linktext|新|義|州|市}}
| translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|[[McCune-Reischauer]]}}
| translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|[[McCune-Reischauer]]}}
| translit_lang1_info3 = Sinuiju-si
| translit_lang1_info3 = Sinuiju-si
| translit_lang1_info4 = Sinŭiju-si
| translit_lang1_info4 = Sinŭiju-si
| image_skyline = Aerial view of Downtown Sinuiju.jpg
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| image_caption = Aerial view of Downtown Sinŭiju, from [[Dandong]], China
| border = infobox
| image_flag =
| total_width = 280
| flag_size = 120px
| image_style = border:1;
| image_shield =
| perrow = 1/2/1
| shield_size = 85px
| image1 = Aerial view of Downtown Sinuiju.jpg
| shield_link =
| image2 = Sinuiju Station.jpg
| image_blank_emblem =
| image3 = South Sinŭiju.jpg
| image4 = 鸭绿江大桥 - panoramio.jpg
⚫
| blank_emblem_size = 115px
}}
⚫
| blank_emblem_type = [[Emblem of Sinŭiju|Emblem]]
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: Aerial view of Downtown Sinŭiju, from [[Dandong]], Apartment buildings, [[Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge]], [[Sinuiju Chongnyon station]]
| motto = The emblem ''Magnolia''.
⚫
| image_flag =
| image_map = Sinuiju City in North Phyongan Province.svg
| flag_size = 120px
| map_caption = Map of North Pyongan showing the location of Sinŭiju
| image_shield =
⚫
| image_map1 = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=9}}
| pushpin_map = North Korea
| shield_size = 85px
| shield_link =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within North Korea
| image_blank_emblem =
<!-- General information ---->
⚫
| blank_emblem_size = 115px
⚫
|coordinates = {{coord|40|06|N|124|24|E|region:KP|display=inline,title}}
⚫
| blank_emblem_type = [[Emblem of Sinŭiju|Emblem]]
⚫
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|North Korea}}
| motto = The emblem ''Magnolia''.
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of North Korea|Province]]
| image_map = Sinuiju City in North Phyongan Province.svg
| subdivision_name1 = [[North Pyongan Province|North P'yŏngan]]
| map_caption = Sinŭiju location within North Pyongan Province
⚫
| image_map1 = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=9}}
⚫
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of North Korea|Administrative divisions]]
| parts = 49 ''tong'',<br/>9 ''ri''
| pushpin_map = North Korea
⚫
<!-- General information ---->| coordinates = {{coord|40|06|N|124|24|E|region:KP|display=inline,title}}
⚫
| area_total_km2 = 180
⚫
| subdivision_type = Country
⚫
| population_total = 359,341<ref>[http://kosis.kr/bukhan/statisticsList/statisticsList_01List.jsp 북한통계>인구일제조사>2008년>인구>도, 시/구역/군, 도시/농촌별, 성별인구] 통계청 북한통계, 2018년 10월 7일 확인.</ref>
| subdivision_name = {{flag|North Korea}}
⚫
| population_as_of = 2008
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of North Korea|Province]]
⚫
| population_density_km2 = auto
| subdivision_name1 = [[North Pyongan Province|North P'yŏngan]]
⚫
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of North Korea|Administrative divisions]]
| parts = 49 ''tong'',<br/>9 ''ri''
| area_total_km2 = 180
⚫
| population_total = 359,341<ref>[http://kosis.kr/bukhan/statisticsList/statisticsList_01List.jsp 북한통계>인구일제조사>2008년>인구>도, 시/구역/군, 도시/농촌별, 성별인구] 통계청 북한통계, 2018년 10월 7일 확인.</ref>
⚫
| population_as_of = 2008
⚫
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = Dialect
| population_blank1_title = Dialect
| population_blank1 = [[Pyongan dialect|P'yŏngan]]
| population_blank1 = [[Pyongan dialect|P'yŏngan]]
| timezone = [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang Time]]
| timezone = [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang Time]]
| utc_offset = +9
| utc_offset = +9
| blank_name = Flower
| blank_name = Flower
| blank_info =
| blank_info =
| blank1_name = Tree
| blank1_name = Tree
| blank1_info =
| blank1_info =
| blank2_name = Bird
| blank2_name = Bird
| blank2_info =
| blank2_info =
}}
}}


'''Sinŭiju''' ({{IPA-ko|si.nɰi.dzu}}); ''Sinŭiju-si,'' known before 1925 in English as '''Yeng Byen City'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/loc-265443.html|title=Yeng-byen, North Pyongan Province, North Korea|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=2017-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://images.library.yale.edu/divinitycontent/dayrep/Methodist%20Episcopal%20Church.%20Korea%20Annual%20Conference%20%201914%20v7.pdf&#124;|title=Minutes of the Korea Annual Conference|publisher=The Fukuin Printing Company|year=1914|location=Seoul, South Korea|pages=27}}</ref>) is a city in [[North Korea]] which faces [[Dandong]], [[Liaoning]], [[China]] across the international border of the [[Yalu River]]. It is the capital of [[North Pyongan Province|North P'yŏngan province]]. Part of the city is included in the [[Sinuiju Special Administrative Region|Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region]], which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years, the city, despite lagging behind the development in the capital Pyongyang, has seen a small construction boom{{contradict-inline|date=April 2022}} and increasing tourism from China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/gallery/sights-of-sinuiju-change-and-continuity-in-north-koreas-window-to-china/|title = Sights of Sinuiju: Change and continuity in North Korea's window to China &#124; NK News}}</ref>
'''Sinŭiju''' ({{korean|hangul=신의주시|mr=Sinŭiju-si}}; {{IPA|ko|ɕinɰidzu ɕi|IPA}}), is a city in [[North Korea]] which faces [[Dandong]], [[Liaoning]], [[China]], across the international border of the [[Yalu River]]. It is the capital of [[North Pyongan Province|North P'yŏngan province]]. Part of the city is included in the [[Sinuiju Special Administrative Region|Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region]], which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years, the city, despite lagging behind the development in the capital Pyongyang, has seen a small construction boom{{contradictory inline|date=April 2022}} and increasing tourism from China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/gallery/sights-of-sinuiju-change-and-continuity-in-north-koreas-window-to-china/|title = Sights of Sinuiju: Change and continuity in North Korea's window to China &#124; NK News}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Park near Sino-Korea Friendship Bridge - Sinuiju (DPRK).jpg|thumb|250px|A park near the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge]]
[[File:Park near Sino-Korea Friendship Bridge - Sinuiju (DPRK).jpg|thumb|250px|A park near the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge]]
[[File:Sinuiju main square & Kim Il Sung statue.jpg|thumb|250px|A large square in the center of Sinŭiju in August 2012, with a statue of [[Kim Il-sung]]]]
[[File:Sinuiju main square & Kim Il Sung statue.jpg|thumb|250px|A large square in the center of Sinŭiju in August 2012, with a statue of [[Kim Il Sung]]]]
[[File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-12a.jpg|thumb|Map of Sinŭiju and [[Dandong]] (An-tung)]]
[[File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-12a.jpg|thumb|Map of Sinŭiju and [[Dandong]] (An-tung)]]
Sinŭiju is bordered by the [[Amnok River]], and by [[Pihyon County|P'ihyŏn]] and [[Ryongchon County|Ryongch'ŏn counties]]. The city's altitude is 1 metre (4 feet) above sea level. There are several islands at the mouth of the Amnok River - [[Wihwado Island|Wihwa-do]], [[Imdo Island|Rim-do]], [[Ryuchodo Island|Ryuch'o-do]] and [[East Ryuchodo Island|Tongryuch'o-do]].
Sinŭiju is bordered by the [[Amnok River]], and by [[Pihyon County|P'ihyŏn]] and [[Ryongchon County|Ryongch'ŏn counties]]. The city's altitude is 1 metre (4 feet) above sea level. There are several islands at the mouth of the Amnok River - [[Wihwado Island|Wihwa-do]], [[Imdo Island|Rim-do]], [[Ryuchodo Island|Ryuch'o-do]] and [[East Ryuchodo Island|Tongryuch'o-do]].
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! Name !! [[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] !! [[Hanja]]
! Name !! [[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] !! [[Hanja]]
|-
|-
| 5-1-dong (O-il-dong) || 5-1동 (오일동) || {{linktext|五|一|洞}}
| May 1st-dong (O-il-dong) || 5-1동 (오일동) || {{linktext|五|一|洞}}
|-
|-
| Apkang-dong || 압강동 || {{linktext|鴨|江|洞}}
| Apkang-dong || 압강동 || {{linktext|鴨|江|洞}}
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== History ==
== History ==
Developed as a major settlement during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|colonial rule]] at the terminus of a railway bridge across the Amrok River, Sinuiju is located 11 km (7 miles) south by southwest of [[Uiju|Ŭiju]], the old city from whose name Sinŭiju (meaning “New Ŭiju”) derives. As an open port, it grew commercially with the logging industry which uses the Amnok River to transport lumber. Additionally, a chemical industry developed after the hydroelectric Sup'ung Dam was built further up the river.
Developed as a major settlement during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|colonial rule]] at the terminus of a railway bridge across the Amrok River, Sinuiju is located 11&nbsp;km (7 miles) south by southwest of [[Uiju|Ŭiju]], the old city from whose name Sinŭiju (meaning “New Ŭiju”) derives. As an open port, it grew commercially with the logging industry which uses the Amnok River to transport lumber. Additionally, a chemical industry developed after the hydroelectric Sup'ung Dam was built further up the river.


In the course of the [[Korean War]], after being driven from P'yŏngyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinŭiju<ref>{{cite book |last=Sandler |first=Stanley |date=1999 |title=The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished |url=https://archive.org/details/koreanwarnovicto0000sand |url-access=registration |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |page=[https://archive.org/details/koreanwarnovicto0000sand/page/108 108]}}</ref><ref name=kanggye>{{cite book |last=Mossman |first=Billy |date=June 29, 2005 |title=United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951 |publisher=University Press of the Pacific |page=51}}</ref> - although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved - this time to [[Kanggye]].<ref name=kanggye /> Also, the city sustained heavy damage from aerial bombardment as part of the [[United States Air Force]]'s [[Korean War#Bombing of North Korea|strategic bombing of North Korea]]; 95 percent of the city was destroyed.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/WZHtJG9UG7A Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200104145925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHtJG9UG7A Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHtJG9UG7A| title = Firebombing North Korea - The US and the Korean War | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> However, the city has since been rebuilt.
In the course of the [[Korean War]], after being driven from P'yŏngyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinŭiju<ref>{{cite book |last=Sandler |first=Stanley |date=1999 |title=The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished |url=https://archive.org/details/koreanwarnovicto0000sand |url-access=registration |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |page=[https://archive.org/details/koreanwarnovicto0000sand/page/108 108]}}</ref><ref name=kanggye>{{cite book |last=Mossman |first=Billy |date=June 29, 2005 |title=United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951 |publisher=University Press of the Pacific |page=51}}</ref> - although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved - this time to [[Kanggye]].<ref name=kanggye /> Also, the city sustained heavy damage from aerial bombardment as part of the [[United States Air Force]]'s [[Korean War#Bombing of North Korea|strategic bombing of North Korea]]; 95 percent of the city was destroyed.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/WZHtJG9UG7A Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200104145925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHtJG9UG7A Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZHtJG9UG7A| title = Firebombing North Korea - The US and the Korean War | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> However, the city has since been rebuilt.


In 2018, a master plan for the redevelopment of the city was unveiled and shown to [[Kim Jong-un]], which would have featured many high rise buildings and parks, centered around the road leading to the statues of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. Ultimately, this plan has yet to be fulfilled, with the only major work completed being the repaving of roads leading to the statues and the red coloured, circular apartment building behind and the Sinuiju Youth Open Air Theatre's completion, although the industrial areas in the city have seen some reconstruction.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-08|title=Sinuiju City: Big Plans, Little Progress {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/03/sinuiju-city-big-plans-little-progress/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref>
In 2018, a master plan for the redevelopment of the city was unveiled and shown to [[Kim Jong Un]], which would have featured many high rise buildings and parks, centered around the road leading to the statues of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. Ultimately, this plan has yet to be fulfilled, with the only major work completed being the repaving of roads leading to the statues and the red coloured, circular apartment building behind and the Sinuiju Youth Open Air Theatre's completion, although the industrial areas in the city have seen some reconstruction.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-08|title=Sinuiju City: Big Plans, Little Progress {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/03/sinuiju-city-big-plans-little-progress/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref>


==Economy==
==Economy==
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==Transportation==
==Transportation==
[[File:Sinuiju Railway Station DPRK.jpg|thumb|250px|Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn Railway Station]]
[[File:Sinuiju Railway Station DPRK.jpg|thumb|250px|Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn Railway Station]]
Sinŭiju can be reached from [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]] by air, railway and road. It can be reached from Dandong in China by crossing the Amnok River by bridge or boat. Foreign tourists on excursion boats from Dandong are sometimes permitted to approach within a few meters of the city's coastline, as long as they do not land.<ref>
Sinŭiju can be reached from [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]] by air, railway and road. It can be reached from Dandong in China by crossing the Amnok River by bridge or boat. Foreign tourists on excursion boats from Dandong are sometimes permitted to approach within a few meters of the city's coastline, as long as they do not land.<ref>{{Cite web
⚫
{{Cite web
| last = Cruddas
| last = Cruddas
| first = Sarah
| first = Sarah
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| date = 2014-02-18
| date = 2014-02-18
| url = http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140211-peering-into-north-korea
| url = http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140211-peering-into-north-korea
| archive-date = 2014-07-01
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140701164440/http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140211-peering-into-north-korea
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


===Air===
===Air===
[[Sinuiju Airport|Sinŭiju's airport]] has a single turf runway 03/21 measuring 991 metres by 61 metres (3250 feet by 213 feet).<ref name="landings">[http://www.landings.com/evird.acgi?pass=183123114&ref=-&mtd=41&cgi=%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-search_apt&var=13&buf=66&src=_landings%2Fpages%2Fsearch_apt.html&1=&5=&7=&8=north+korea&6=sinuiju&9=&10=&max_ret=10&start_ret=1 Landings database page] "Landings.Com", accessed 06 Aug 2010,</ref> [[Air Koryo|Air Koryŏ]] operates passenger and cargo flights from P'yŏngyang.
[[Sinuiju Airport|Sinŭiju's airport]] has a single turf runway 03/21 measuring 991 metres by 61 metres (3250 feet by 213 feet).<ref name="landings">[http://www.landings.com/evird.acgi?pass=183123114&ref=-&mtd=41&cgi=%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-search_apt&var=13&buf=66&src=_landings%2Fpages%2Fsearch_apt.html&1=&5=&7=&8=north+korea&6=sinuiju&9=&10=&max_ret=10&start_ret=1 Landings database page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324101344/http://www.landings.com/evird.acgi?pass=183123114&ref=-&mtd=41&cgi=%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-search_apt&var=13&buf=66&src=_landings%2Fpages%2Fsearch_apt.html&1=&5=&7=&8=north+korea&6=sinuiju&9=&10=&max_ret=10&start_ret=1 |date=2012-03-24 }} "Landings.Com", accessed 06 Aug 2010,</ref> [[Air Koryo|Air Koryŏ]] operates passenger and cargo flights from P'yŏngyang.


===Rail===
===Rail===
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=== Urban transit ===
=== Urban transit ===
Sinuiju has a trolleybus line that runs from the city centre to the railway station. It was reopened in October 2020 with new trolleybuses derived from the Pyongyang Chollima-321 trolleybus. It formerly had another line running from the Sinuiju Chongnyon Station to Ragwon Machine Complex that closed between 2005 and 2009 with the reconstruction of the highway with a shifted alignment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sinuiju|url=https://transphoto.org/city/1758/|access-date=2020-11-26|website=transphoto.org}}</ref>
Sinuiju has a [[trolleybus]] line that runs from the city centre to the railway station. It was reopened in October 2020 with new trolleybuses derived from the Pyongyang Chollima-321 trolleybus. It formerly had another line running from the Sinuiju Chongnyon Station to Ragwon Machine Complex that closed between 2005 and 2009 with the reconstruction of the highway with a shifted alignment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sinuiju|url=https://transphoto.org/city/1758/|access-date=2020-11-26|website=transphoto.org}}</ref>


== Climate ==
== Climate ==
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{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = Sinuiju (1991–2020, extremes 1957–present)
| location = Sinuiju (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present)
| single line = Yes
| single line = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| metric first = Yes
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| Jun record high C = 37.0
| Jun record high C = 37.0
| Jul record high C = 36.9
| Jul record high C = 36.9
| Aug record high C = 37.1
| Aug record high C = 38.5
| Sep record high C = 33.0
| Sep record high C = 33.0
| Oct record high C = 28.9
| Oct record high C = 28.9
| Nov record high C = 21.5
| Nov record high C = 23.1
| Dec record high C = 13.9
| Dec record high C = 13.9
| year record high C = 37.1
| year record high C = 38.5
| Jan high C = -0.8
| Jan high C = -0.8
| Feb high C = 2.9
| Feb high C = 2.9
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| Dec low C = -8.0
| Dec low C = -8.0
| year low C = 6.0
| year low C = 6.0
| Jan record low C = -25.0
| Jan record low C = -27.3
| Feb record low C = -26.0
| Feb record low C = -26.0
| Mar record low C = -18.9
| Mar record low C = -18.9
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| Nov record low C = -15.0
| Nov record low C = -15.0
| Dec record low C = -22.8
| Dec record low C = -22.8
| year record low C = -26.0
| year record low C = -27.3
| precipitation colour = green
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 5.9
| Jan precipitation mm = 5.9
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| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration
| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| access-date = 6 November 2016}}</ref>{{efn|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt Station ID for Sinuiju is 47035] Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}} Meteo Climat (extremes)<ref name = meteoclimat>
| access-date = 6 November 2016}}</ref>{{efn|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt Station ID for Sinuiju is 47035] Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}} Meteo Climat (extremes),<ref name = meteoclimat>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1693
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1693
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| publisher = Meteo Climat
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| language = fr
| access-date = 6 November 2016}}</ref>
| access-date = 6 November 2016}}</ref> Extreme Temperature Around The World <ref>
⚫
{{cite web
| url = https://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
| title = January record low and August record high
| work =
| publisher =
| language = en
| access-date = 3 July 2023}}</ref>
}}
}}


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{{commons category|Sinuiju}}
{{commons category|Sinuiju}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
*[https://koreanologie.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Sinuiju/Sinuiju.pdf City profile of Sinuiju]
*[https://koreanologie.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Sinuiju/Sinuiju.pdf City profile of Sinuiju] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310025949/https://koreanologie.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Sinuiju/Sinuiju.pdf |date=2016-03-10 }}
*[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Number=861907&page=&vc=1&PHPSESSID=#Post861907 North Korea Uncovered], (North Korea Google Earth) see a mapping of Sinuiju's main infrastructure, power lines, railroad, detention center, and Kim Jong Il residence, plus a whole lot more.
*[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Number=861907&page=&vc=1&PHPSESSID=#Post861907 North Korea Uncovered] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222041022/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Number=861907&page=&vc=1&PHPSESSID=#Post861907 |date=2008-12-22 }}, (North Korea Google Earth) see a mapping of Sinuiju's main infrastructure, power lines, railroad, detention center, and Kim Jong Il residence, plus a whole lot more.


{{North Pyongan}}
{{North Pyongan}}

Latest revision as of 18:59, 18 November 2024

For the special administrative region, see Sinuiju Special Administrative Region.
Sinŭiju
신의주시
Municipal city
  transcription(s)
 • Chosŏn'gŭl신의주시
 • Hancha新義州市
 • Revised RomanizationSinuiju-si
 • McCune-ReischauerSinŭiju-si
Clockwise from top: Aerial view of Downtown Sinŭiju, from Dandong, Apartment buildings, Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge, Sinuiju Chongnyon station
Motto: 
The emblem Magnolia.
Sinŭiju location within North Pyongan Province
Sinŭiju location within North Pyongan Province
Map
Sinŭiju is located in North Korea
Sinŭiju
Sinŭiju
Coordinates: 40°06′N 124°24′E / 40.100°N 124.400°E / 40.100; 124.400
Country North Korea
ProvinceNorth P'yŏngan
Administrative divisions49 tong,
9 ri
Area
 • Total
180 km2 (70 sq mi)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total
359,341[1]
 • Dialect
P'yŏngan
Time zoneUTC+9 (Pyongyang Time)

Sinŭiju (Korean: 신의주시; MR: Sinŭiju-si; IPA: [ɕinɰidzu ɕi]), is a city in North Korea which faces Dandong, Liaoning, China, across the international border of the Yalu River. It is the capital of North P'yŏngan province. Part of the city is included in the Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region, which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years, the city, despite lagging behind the development in the capital Pyongyang, has seen a small construction boom[contradictory] and increasing tourism from China.[2]

Geography

[edit]
A park near the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge
A large square in the center of Sinŭiju in August 2012, with a statue of Kim Il Sung
Map of Sinŭiju and Dandong (An-tung)

Sinŭiju is bordered by the Amnok River, and by P'ihyŏn and Ryongch'ŏn counties. The city's altitude is 1 metre (4 feet) above sea level. There are several islands at the mouth of the Amnok River - Wihwa-do, Rim-do, Ryuch'o-do and Tongryuch'o-do.

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Sinuiju city is the heart of the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region. The city is currently divided into 49 tong (neighbourhoods) and 9 ri (villages):

Name Chosŏn'gŭl Hanja
May 1st-dong (O-il-dong) 5-1동 (오일동) 五一洞
Apkang-dong 압강동 鴨江洞
Chaeha-dong 채하동 彩霞洞
Chinseon 1-dong 친선1동 親善一洞
Chinseon 2-dong 친선2동 親善二洞
Cheongsong-dong 청송동 靑松洞
Haebang-dong 해방동 解放洞
Kaehyeok-dong 개혁동 改革洞
Koseong-dong 고성동 古城洞
Keunhwa-dong 근화동 芹花洞
Majeon-dong 마전동 麻田洞
Minpho-dong 민포동 敏浦洞
Namha-dong 남하동 南下洞
Namjung-dong 남중동 南中洞
Nammin-dong 남민동 南敏洞
Namsang-dong 남상동 南上洞
Namseo-dong 남서동 南西洞
Namsong-dong 남송동 南松洞
Baekun-dong 백운동 白雲洞
Baeksa-dong 백사동 白沙洞
Baekto-dong 백토동 白土洞
Bangjik-tong 방직동 紡織洞
Bonbu-dong 본부동 本部洞
Panmun-dong 판문동 板門洞
Pungseo 1-dong 풍서1동 豊西一洞
Pungseo 2-dong 풍서2동 豊西二洞
Pyeonghwa-dong 평화동 平和洞
Ragwon 1-dong 락원1동 樂園一洞
Ragwon 2-dong 락원2동 樂園二洞
Rakcheong 1-dong 락청1동 樂清一洞
Rakcheong 2-dong 락청2동 樂清二洞
Ryeonsang 1-dong 련상1동 蓮上一洞
Ryeonsang 2-dong 련상2동 蓮上二洞
Ryusang 1-dong 류상1동 柳上一洞
Ryusang 2-dong 류상2동 柳上二洞
Sinnam-dong 신남동 新南洞
Sinpo-dong 신포동 新浦洞
Sinwon-dong 신원동 新元洞
Seokha 1-dong 석하1동 石下一洞
Seokha 2-dong 석하2동 石下二洞
Songhan-dong 송한동 送鷴洞
Seonsang-dong 선상동 仙上洞
Sumun-dong 수문동 水門洞
Dongha-dong 동하동 東下洞
Dongjung-dong 동중동 東中洞
Dongsang-dong 동상동 東上洞
Wai-dong 와이동 瓦耳洞
Yeokcheon-dong 역전동 驛前洞
Yeonha-dong 연하동 煙下洞
Jungjae-ri 중재리 中斉里
Hadan-ri 하단리 下端里
Ryucho-ri 류초리 柳草里
Samgyo-ri 삼교리 三橋里
Samryong-ri 삼룡리 三龍里
Sangdan-ri　 상단리 上端里
Seongseo-ri 성서리 城西里
Daji-ri　 다지리 多智里
Toseong-ri 토성리 土城里

History

[edit]

Developed as a major settlement during the colonial rule at the terminus of a railway bridge across the Amrok River, Sinuiju is located 11 km (7 miles) south by southwest of Ŭiju, the old city from whose name Sinŭiju (meaning “New Ŭiju”) derives. As an open port, it grew commercially with the logging industry which uses the Amnok River to transport lumber. Additionally, a chemical industry developed after the hydroelectric Sup'ung Dam was built further up the river.

In the course of the Korean War, after being driven from P'yŏngyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinŭiju[3][4] - although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved - this time to Kanggye.[4] Also, the city sustained heavy damage from aerial bombardment as part of the United States Air Force's strategic bombing of North Korea; 95 percent of the city was destroyed.[5] However, the city has since been rebuilt.

In 2018, a master plan for the redevelopment of the city was unveiled and shown to Kim Jong Un, which would have featured many high rise buildings and parks, centered around the road leading to the statues of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. Ultimately, this plan has yet to be fulfilled, with the only major work completed being the repaving of roads leading to the statues and the red coloured, circular apartment building behind and the Sinuiju Youth Open Air Theatre's completion, although the industrial areas in the city have seen some reconstruction.[6]

Economy

[edit]
Waterfront on the Amnok River

An important light industry centre in North Korea, Sinŭiju has a plant manufacturing enamelled ironware as well as a textile mill, paper mill and an afforestation factory. Its southwest harbour has a shipyard, although the shipyard's main function is seemingly to dismantle ships for scrap metal and other usable materials rather than building new ships. The area has recycling plants which recycle a wide range of material, including products that are banned for recycling in China.[7][8][9] The Sinŭiju Cosmetics Factory is located in South Sinŭiju (Namsinŭiju).

Trade with China

[edit]

A substantial portion of North Korea's international trade, both legal and illegal, passes through Sinuiju and Dandong, across the Yalu River.[10]

Central market

[edit]

Since 2002, commercial life has been centred on the Chaeha-dong Market.[11] Based on a satellite image taken on 30 October 2012, the market has been destroyed and is being made into a new park.[11]

Transportation

[edit]
Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn Railway Station

Sinŭiju can be reached from P'yŏngyang by air, railway and road. It can be reached from Dandong in China by crossing the Amnok River by bridge or boat. Foreign tourists on excursion boats from Dandong are sometimes permitted to approach within a few meters of the city's coastline, as long as they do not land.[12]

Air

[edit]

Sinŭiju's airport has a single turf runway 03/21 measuring 991 metres by 61 metres (3250 feet by 213 feet).[13] Air Koryŏ operates passenger and cargo flights from P'yŏngyang.

Rail

[edit]

Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn Station is the northern terminus of the Korean State Railway's P'yŏngŭi Line from P'yŏngyang; the district is also served by several other stations on the P'yŏngŭi line, as well as the Tŏkhyŏn and Paengma lines. It is also connected with the Chinese city of Dandong in Liaoning Province (China) by the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge, which is 944 m (3,097 ft) long from end to end, and through the Manchuria Railway links up with the Trans-Siberian railway. The factories of the city of Sinŭiju are provided with railway service via the Kang'an Line.

Urban transit

[edit]

Sinuiju has a trolleybus line that runs from the city centre to the railway station. It was reopened in October 2020 with new trolleybuses derived from the Pyongyang Chollima-321 trolleybus. It formerly had another line running from the Sinuiju Chongnyon Station to Ragwon Machine Complex that closed between 2005 and 2009 with the reconstruction of the highway with a shifted alignment.[14]

Climate

[edit]

Sinŭiju has a monsoonal humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) with hot, humid and stormy summers and cold, dry winters with little snowfall.

Climate data for Sinuiju (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6) 		15.5
(59.9) 		22.0
(71.6) 		28.4
(83.1) 		32.0
(89.6) 		37.0
(98.6) 		36.9
(98.4) 		38.5
(101.3) 		33.0
(91.4) 		28.9
(84.0) 		23.1
(73.6) 		13.9
(57.0) 		38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		2.9
(37.2) 		8.8
(47.8) 		16.1
(61.0) 		22.0
(71.6) 		25.9
(78.6) 		28.3
(82.9) 		29.2
(84.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		18.3
(64.9) 		8.7
(47.7) 		0.5
(32.9) 		15.5
(59.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		3.2
(37.8) 		10.1
(50.2) 		16.2
(61.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.5
(76.1) 		19.7
(67.5) 		12.2
(54.0) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		10.1
(50.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.3
(13.5) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		5.4
(41.7) 		11.5
(52.7) 		17.0
(62.6) 		21.2
(70.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		15.1
(59.2) 		7.5
(45.5) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		6.0
(42.8)
Record low °C (°F) −27.3
(−17.1) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		3.0
(37.4) 		10.7
(51.3) 		10.0
(50.0) 		2.8
(37.0) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−22.8
(−9.0) 		−27.3
(−17.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.9
(0.23) 		14.9
(0.59) 		20.3
(0.80) 		53.7
(2.11) 		85.0
(3.35) 		122.6
(4.83) 		251.9
(9.92) 		241.3
(9.50) 		95.7
(3.77) 		78.8
(3.10) 		37.2
(1.46) 		13.6
(0.54) 		1,020.9
(40.19)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.1 3.2 3.8 6.4 7.7 9.8 12.6 10.4 5.7 5.6 5.2 4.0 76.5
Average snowy days 3.5 3.1 2.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.9 4.4 15.5
Average relative humidity (%) 60.2 59.9 61.8 63.7 70.0 78.0 84.2 81.7 73.7 68.0 65.6 62.5 69.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 199 195 227 228 237 207 163 200 220 208 169 172 2,425
Source 1: Korea Meteorological Administration[15]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990),[16][17][a] Meteo Climat (extremes),[18] Extreme Temperature Around The World [19]

Places of interest

[edit]
Ferris wheel in Sinuiju

Facilities in Sinŭiju include Sinŭiju High School, Sinŭiju Commercial High School, Eastern Middle School, Sinŭiju Light Industry University, Sinŭiju University of Medicine and the Sinuiju University of Education. Scenic sites include the Tonggun Pavilion, Waterfall, and Hot Springs.

There also is a Ferris wheel overlooking the Yalu River, reportedly broken.[20]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Station ID for Sinuiju is 47035 Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 북한통계>인구일제조사>2008년>인구>도, 시/구역/군, 도시/농촌별, 성별인구 통계청 북한통계, 2018년 10월 7일 확인.
  2. ^ "Sights of Sinuiju: Change and continuity in North Korea's window to China | NK News".
  3. ^ Sandler, Stanley (1999). The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 108.
  4. ^ a b Mossman, Billy (June 29, 2005). United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951. University Press of the Pacific. p. 51.
  5. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Firebombing North Korea - The US and the Korean War". YouTube.
  6. ^ "Sinuiju City: Big Plans, Little Progress | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea". 38 North. 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  7. ^ Rank, Michael (March 15, 2013). "North Korean-Taiwan nuclear waste deal thwarted over export permit". NK Economic Watch. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  8. ^ Rank, Michael (30 June 2008). "North Korea in bid to recycle toxic waste". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  9. ^ "Dalian-based Huatai Recycling Resources Co Ltd" (in Chinese). Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  10. ^ Jane Perlez and Yufan Huang (March 31, 2016). "A Hole in North Korean Sanctions Big Enough for Coal, Oil and Used Pianos". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2016. China accounts for about 90 percent of North Korea's trade. Half of that business is estimated to flow through Dandong...
  11. ^ a b "Market expansion: Sinuiju". North Korea Economic Watch. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
  12. ^ Cruddas, Sarah (2014-02-18). "Peering into North Korea : North Korea". BBC - Travel. Archived from the original on 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2014-07-24.
  13. ^ Landings database page Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine "Landings.Com", accessed 06 Aug 2010,
  14. ^ "Sinuiju". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  15. ^ "30 years report of Meteorological Observations in North Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. pp. 209, 291, and 344. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  16. ^ "Klimatafel von Sinuiju / Korea (Nordkorea)" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  17. ^ "Station 47035 Sinuiju". Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on 2017-10-17. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  18. ^ "Station Sinuiju" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  19. ^ "January record low and August record high". Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  20. ^ Kane, Daniel (October 22, 2010). "Observations from Dandong". NK News. Retrieved December 18, 2016. Further in shore I spotted Sinuiju's signature monument, the Ferris wheel that doesn't move.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Cathcart, Adam; Kraus, Charles (2008). "Peripheral Influence: The Sinŭiju Student Incident of 1945 and the Impact of Soviet Occupation in North Korea". Journal of Korean Studies. 13 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1353/jks.2008.0002. S2CID 144775147.
  • Dormels, Rainer (2014). North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang. ISBN 978-89-6297-167-5.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sinuiju.
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