Jump to content

Rainbow jersey: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
{{Use British English|date=November 2024}} as per words already used in article
 
(90 intermediate revisions by 50 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Colored jersey for the reigning World Champion in cycling}}
{{short description|Colored jersey for the reigning World Champion in cycling}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2024}}
{{About|the jersey worn by the world champion in cycling|the Astros uniform worn in the 1970s|Houston Astros}}
{{About|the jersey worn by the world champion in cycling|the Astros uniform worn in the 1970s|Houston Astros}}
[[File:GP Isbergues 2013 - Gilbert 1 (cropped).JPG|thumb|upright|The [[2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|2012 world road race]] champion [[Philippe Gilbert]] wearing the rainbow jersey.]]
[[File:GP Isbergues 2013 - Gilbert 1 (cropped).JPG|thumb|upright|The [[2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|2012 world road race]] champion [[Philippe Gilbert]] wearing the rainbow jersey.]]
Line 6: Line 7:
[[File:Stefan Nimke WM 2012.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Stefan Nimke]], [[2012 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's 1 km time trial|2012 men's 1 km time trial world champion]] wearing the track rainbow jersey]]
[[File:Stefan Nimke WM 2012.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Stefan Nimke]], [[2012 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's 1 km time trial|2012 men's 1 km time trial world champion]] wearing the track rainbow jersey]]


The '''rainbow jersey''' is the distinctive [[cycling jersey|jersey]] worn by the reigning [[World Cycling Championship|world champion]] in a cycling discipline, since 1927. The jersey is predominantly white with five horizontal bands in the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] colours around the chest. From the bottom up the colours are: green, yellow, black, red and blue; the same colours that appear in the rings on the [[Olympic flag]]. The tradition is applied to all disciplines, including [[road bicycle racing|road racing]], [[track cycling|track racing]], [[cyclo-cross]], [[BMX]], Trials and the disciplines within [[mountain biking]]. The jersey is produced by [[Santini SMS]] since 1994.<ref>[http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?id=OTYyNA&MenuId=MTI2Mjc "UCI renews partnership contract with Santini" Press release UCI, 13 September 2013]</ref>
The '''rainbow jersey''' is the distinctive [[cycling jersey|jersey]] worn by the reigning [[World Cycling Championship|world champion]] in a cycling discipline, since 1927. The jersey is predominantly white with five horizontal bands in the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] colours around the chest. From the bottom up the colours are: green, yellow, black, red and blue; the same colours that appear in the rings on the [[Olympic flag]]. The tradition is applied to all disciplines, including [[road bicycle racing|road racing]], [[track cycling|track racing]], [[cyclo-cross]], [[BMX]], Trials and the disciplines within [[mountain biking]].

A world champion must wear the jersey when competing in the same discipline, category and speciality for which the title was won. For example, the [[World Cycling Championship|world road race champion]] would wear the garment while competing in stage races (except for [[time trial]] stages) and one-day races, but would not be entitled to wear it during time trials. Similarly, on the track, the world [[individual pursuit]] champion would only wear the jersey when competing in other individual pursuit events.<ref>[http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/17/01/66/20150101-BrochuremaillotsENG_English.pdf UCI regulation 1.3.063]</ref>
A world champion must wear the jersey when competing in the same discipline, category and speciality for which the title was won. For example, the [[World Cycling Championship|world road race champion]] would wear the garment while competing in stage races (except for [[time trial]] stages) and one-day races, but would not be entitled to wear it during time trials. Similarly, on the track, the world [[individual pursuit]] champion would only wear the jersey when competing in other individual pursuit events.<ref>[http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/17/01/66/20150101-BrochuremaillotsENG_English.pdf UCI regulation 1.3.063]</ref>
In team events, such as the [[team pursuit]], each member of the team must wear the rainbow jersey, but – again – would not wear it while racing in, say, [[points race]]s or other track disciplines.
In team events, such as the [[team pursuit]], each member of the team must wear the rainbow jersey, but would not wear it while racing in, say, [[points race]]s or other track disciplines. If the holder of a rainbow jersey becomes leader of a stage race or a category within it, that leadership jersey takes precedence. Failure to wear the rainbow jersey where required carries a penalty of a fine.<ref>UCI regulation 1.3.072</ref>

The rainbow jersey helps make a world champion easier to spot for spectators, but it also has the effect of making the title-holder more visible to other competitors, particularly in road racing situations. This can be a disadvantage as it makes it more difficult for the world champion to launch an attack, while other riders will quickly seek to take advantage if they notice the rainbow jersey crashes or suffers a mechanical or other problem. There is also reduced space for sponsors' logos on the world champion's jerseys; however, the increased media coverage of a reigning world champion is thought to offset the effects of the smaller logo space.

Failure to wear the rainbow jersey where required carries a penalty of 2500 to 5000 [[Swiss franc]]s.<ref>UCI regulation 1.3.072</ref>

After the end of a rider's championship year, they are eligible to wear piping in the same rainbow pattern on the collar and cuffs of their jersey. They retain this right for the remainder of their career.


After the end of a rider's time as champion, they are eligible to wear piping in the same rainbow pattern on the collar and cuffs of their jersey for the remainder of their career.
If the holder of a rainbow jersey becomes leader of a multi-stage race (such as the [[Tour de France]]) then the leader's jersey ([[Yellow jersey]]) for that race takes precedence. Similarly, the leader's jerseys for UCI World Cup series also take precedence over the rainbow jersey, although, in 2006, Road Race World Champion Tom Boonen at one point was the leader of the Road Racing World Cup, and he, as well as his sponsor and the organizers of the race he was competing in at that time ([[Gent–Wevelgem]]) wanted him to continue wearing the rainbow jersey. A compromise was reached and Boonen wore a jersey which was a combination of the Rainbow jersey and the UCI World Cup jersey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?id=MTY5&MenuId=MTY5NA&BackLink=/templates/UCI/UCI2/layout.asp?MenuId=MTY5NA|title=Union Cycliste Internationale|publisher=}}</ref>


==Reigning world champions==
==Reigning world champions==
Line 32: Line 26:
| rowspan=3|[[UCI Road World Championships|Road]]
| rowspan=3|[[UCI Road World Championships|Road]]
| Road race
| Road race
| {{flagathlete|[[Mads Pedersen|Mads Pedersen]]|DEN}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Tadej Pogačar]]|SLO}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Chloé Dygert Owen]]|USA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Lotte Kopecky]]|BEL}}
| rowspan=3|[[2020 UCI Road World Championships|September 2020]]
| rowspan=3|September 2025
|-
|-
| Time trial
| Time trial
| {{flagathlete|[[Rohan Dennis]]|AUS}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Remco Evenepoel]]|BEL}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Annemiek van Vleuten]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Grace Brown (cyclist)|Grace Brown]]|AUS}}
|-
|-
| Mixed relay
| Team time trial
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|AUS}}<br />[[Michael Matthews (cyclist)|Michael Matthews]]<br />[[Ben O'Connor (cyclist)|Ben O'Connor]]<br />[[Jay Vine]]<br />[[Grace Brown (cyclist)|Grace Brown]]<br />[[Brodie Chapman]]<br />[[Ruby Roseman-Gannon]]
| {{flagathlete|[[Quick-Step Floors]]|BEL}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Canyon–SRAM|Canyon SRAM Racing]]|GER}}
|-
|-
| rowspan=10|[[UCI Track Cycling World Championships|Track]]
| rowspan=11|[[UCI Track Cycling World Championships|Track]]
| Sprint
| Sprint
| {{flagmedalist|[[Harrie Lavreysen]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Harrie Lavreysen]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Lee Wai Sze]]|HKG}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Emma Finucane]]|GBR}}
| rowspan=11|October 2024
| rowspan=10| [[2019 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|February / March 2019]]
|-
|-
| Team sprint
| Team sprint
| {{flagcountry|NED}}<br>[[Nils van 't Hoenderdaal]]<br>[[Harrie Lavreysen]]<br>[[Jeffrey Hoogland]]<br>''[[Matthijs Büchli]]''
| {{flagcountry|NED}}<br />[[Roy van den Berg]]<br />[[Harrie Lavreysen]]<br />[[Jeffrey Hoogland]]
| {{flagcountry|AUS}}<br>[[Kaarle McCulloch]]<br>[[Stephanie Morton]]
| {{flagcountry|GER}}<br />[[Pauline Grabosch]]<br />[[Emma Hinze]]<br />[[Lea Friedrich]]
|-
|-
| Time trial
| Time trial
| {{flagathlete|[[Jeffrey Hoogland]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Jeffrey Hoogland]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Miriam Welte]]|GER}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Emma Hinze]]|GER}}
|-
|-
| Keirin
| Keirin
| {{flagathlete|[[Matthijs Büchli]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Kevin Quintero]]|COL}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Lee Wai Sze]]|HKG}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Ellesse Andrews]]|NZL}}
|-
|-
| Individual pursuit
| Individual pursuit
| {{flagathlete|[[Filippo Ganna]]|ITA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Filippo Ganna]]|ITA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Chloe Dygert]]|USA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Chloé Dygert]]|USA}}
|-
|-
| Team pursuit
| Team pursuit
| {{AUS}}<br>[[Sam Welsford]]<br>[[Kelland O'Brien]]<br>[[Leigh Howard]]<br>[[Alexander Porter (cyclist)|Alexander Porter]]<br>[[Cameron Scott (cyclist)|Cameron Scott]]
| {{flagcountry|DEN}}<br />[[Niklas Larsen]]<br />[[Carl-Frederik Bévort]]<br />[[Lasse Norman Leth]]<br />[[Rasmus Pedersen]]<br />''[[Frederik Rodenberg]]''
| {{flagcountry|AUS}}<br>[[Annette Edmondson]]<br>[[Ashlee Ankudinoff]]<br>[[Georgia Baker]]<br>[[Amy Cure]]<br>[[Alexandra Manly]]
| {{flagcountry|GBR}}<br />[[Katie Archibald]]<br />[[Elinor Barker]]<br />[[Josie Knight]]<br />[[Anna Morris]]<br />''[[Megan Barker]]''
|-
|-
| Scratch race
| Scratch race
| {{flagathlete|[[Yauheni Karaliok]]|BLR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[William Tidball]]|GBR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Elinor Barker]]|GBR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Jennifer Valente]]|USA}}
|-
|-
| Points race
| Points race
| {{flagathlete|[[Cameron Meyer]]|AUS}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Aaron Gate]]|NZL}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Alexandra Manly]]|AUS}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Lotte Kopecky]]|BEL}}
|-
| Elimination race
| {{flagathlete|[[Ethan Vernon]]|GBR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Lotte Kopecky]]|BEL}}
|-
|-
| Madison
| Madison
| {{flagcountry|GER}}<br>[[Roger Kluge]]<br>[[Theo Reinhardt]]
| {{flagcountry|NED}}<br />[[Jan Willem van Schip]]<br />[[Yoeri Havik]]
| {{flagcountry|NED}}<br>[[Kirsten Wild]]<br>[[Amy Pieters]]
| {{flagcountry|GBR}}<br />[[Neah Evans]]<br />[[Elinor Barker]]
|-
|-
| Omnium
| Omnium
| {{flagathlete|[[Szymon Sajnok]]|POL}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Iúri Leitão]]|POR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Kirsten Wild]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Jennifer Valente]]|USA}}
|-
|-
| [[UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships|Cyclo-cross]]
| [[UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships|Cyclo-cross]]
| Elite
| Elite
| {{flagathlete|[[Mathieu van der Poel]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Mathieu van der Poel]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Sanne Cant]]|BEL}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Fem van Empel]]|NED}}
| January 2024
| [[2019 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships|February 2019]]
|-
|-
| rowspan=5|[[UCI Mountain Bike World Championships|Mountain bike]]
| rowspan="9" |[[UCI Mountain Bike World Championships|Mountain bike]]
| Cross-country Olympic
| Cross-country Olympic
| {{flagathlete|[[Nino Schurter]]|SUI}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Tom Pidcock]]|GBR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Kate Courtney (cyclist)|Kate Courtney]]|USA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Pauline Ferrand-Prévot]]|FRA}}
| rowspan=3|[[2019 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships|August / September 2019]]
| rowspan="5"|August/September 2024
|-
| Cross-country short track
| {{flagathlete|[[Sam Gaze]]|NZL}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Pauline Ferrand-Prévot]]|FRA}}
|-
| E-MTB Cross-country
| {{flagathlete|[[Joris Ryf]]|SUI}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Nathalie Schneitter]]|SUI}}
|-
|-
| Cross-country relay
| Cross-country relay
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|SUI}}<br>[[Filippo Colombo]]<br>[[Alexandre Balmer]]<br>[[Sina Frei]]<br>[[Jolanda Neff]]<br>[[Nino Schurter]]
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|SUI}}<br />[[Dario Lillo]]<br />[[Nicolas Halter]]<br />[[Linda Indergand]]<br />[[Ronja Blöchlinger]]<br />[[Anina Hutter]]<br />[[Nino Schurter]]
|-
|-
| Downhill
| Downhill
| {{flagathlete|[[Loïc Bruni]]|FRA}}
| {{Flagathlete|[[Charlie Hatton]]|GBR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Rachel Atherton]]|GBR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Valentina Höll]]|AUT}}
|-
| [[Cross-country eliminator]]
| {{Flagathlete|[[Jeroen van Eck]]|NED}}
| {{Flagathlete|[[Gaia Tormena]]|ITA}}
| TBD 2025
|-
|-
| Four-cross
| [[Four-cross]]
| {{flagathlete|[[Quentin Derbier]]|FRA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Tomáš Slavík (cyclist)|Tomáš Slavík]]|CZE}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Romana Labounková]]|CZE}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Michaela Hájková]]|CZE}}
| 2019
| TBD
|-
|-
| [[UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships|Marathon]]
| [[UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships|Marathon]]
| {{flagathlete|[[Henrique Avancini]]|BRA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Henrique Avancini]]|BRA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Annika Langvad]]|DEN}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Mona Mitterwallner]]|AUT}}
| September 2024
| [[2018 UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships|September 2018]]
|-
|-
| [[Pump track]]
| rowspan=7|[[UCI Urban Cycling World Championships|Urban]]
| {{flagathlete|[[Niels Bensink]]|NED}}
| Cross-country eliminator
| {{flagathlete|[[Titouan Perrin-Ganier]]|FRA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Christa von Niederhäusern]]|SUI}}
| November 2024
| {{flagathlete|[[Kathrin Stirnemann]]|SUI}}
|-
| rowspan=6|[[2018 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships|2018]]
| [[UCI BMX World Championships|BMX racing]]
| Elite
| {{flagathlete|[[Romain Mahieu]]|FRA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Beth Shriever]]|GBR}}
| May 2024
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[UCI Urban Cycling World Championships|Urban]]
| BMX freestyle park
| {{flagathlete|[[Kieran Reilly]]|GBR}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Hannah Roberts (cyclist)|Hannah Roberts]]|USA}}
| rowspan=6|2024
|-
| BMX freestyle flatland
| {{flagathlete|[[Yu Shoji]]|JPN}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Aude Cassagne]]|FRA}}
|-
|-
| 20 inch trials
| 20 inch trials
| {{flagathlete|[[Abel Mustieles]]|ESP}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Alejandro Montalvo]]|ESP}}
| rowspan=2 | ''Not applicable''
| rowspan=2 | ''Not applicable''
|-
|-
Line 132: Line 157:
| {{flagathlete|[[Nina Reichenbach]]|GER}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Nina Reichenbach]]|GER}}
|-
|-
| Trials team
| Mixed team
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|FRA}}<br>[[Vincent Hermance]]<br>[[Alex Rudeau]]<br>[[Louis Grillon]]<br>[[Noah Cardona]]<br>[[Manon Basseville]]
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|ESP}}<br />[[Borja Conejos]]<br />[[Daniel Barón (cyclist)|Daniel Barón]]<br />[[Daniel Cegarra]]<br />[[Víctor Pérez (cyclist)|Víctor Pérez]]<br />[[Vera Barón]]
|-
| BMX freestyle
| {{flagathlete|[[Logan Martin]]|AUS}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Hannah Roberts (cyclist)|Hannah Roberts]]|USA}}
|-
| [[UCI BMX World Championships|BMX racing]]
| {{flagathlete|[[Sylvain André]]|FRA}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Laura Smulders]]|NED}}
| [[2019 UCI BMX World Championships|July 2019]]
|-
|-
| rowspan=5|[[UCI Indoor Cycling World Championships|Artistic]]
| rowspan=5|[[UCI Indoor Cycling World Championships|Artistic]]
|Single
| Single
| {{flagathlete|[[Lukas Kohl]]|GER}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Lukas Kohl]]|GER}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Milena Slupina]]|GER}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Ramona Dandl]]|GER}}
| rowspan=5 | November 2018
| rowspan=5 | TBD
|-
|-
|Open four
| Open four
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|SUI}}<br>[[Céline Burlet]]<br>[[Melanie Schmid]]<br>[[Jennifer Schmid]]<br>[[Flavia Zuber]]
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|SUI}}<br />[[Stefanie Moos]]<br />[[Vanessa Hotz]]<br />[[Flavia Schürmann]]<br />[[Carole Ledergerber]]
|-
|-
|Pairs
| Pairs
| ''Not applicable''
| ''Not applicable''
| {{flagcountry|GER}}<br>[[Nadja Thürmer]]<br>[[Julia Thürmer]]
| {{flagcountry|GER}}<br />[[Selina Marquardt]]<br />[[Helen Vordermeier]]
|-
|-
| Open pairs
| Open pairs
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|GER}}<br>[[Serafin Schefold]]<br>[[Max Hanselmann]]
| colspan=2 align=center | {{flagcountry|GER}}<br />[[Serafin Schefold]]<br />[[Max Hanselmann]]
|-
|-
|[[Cycle ball]]
| [[Cycle ball]]
|{{flagcountry|GER}}<br>[[Gerhard Mlady]]<br>[[Bernd Mlady]]
| {{flagcountry|GER}}<br />[[André Kopp]]<br />[[Raphael Kopp]]
| {{flagcountry|GER}}<br />[[Claire Feyler]]<br />[[Nadine Jacqueline Weber]]
| ''Not applicable''
|-
| [[UCI Gravel World Championships|Gravel]]
| Elite
| {{flagathlete|[[Mathieu Van Der Poel]]|NED}}
| {{flagathlete|[[Marianne Vos]]|NED}}
| October 2025
|}
|}
[[File:Wereldkampioenentrui, lint en pet van Jean-Pierre Monseré, Leicester, 1970 (collectie KOERS. Museum van de Wielersport).jpg|thumb|Rainbow Jersey of [[Jean-Pierre Monseré]] won in 1970, [[Leicester]] (collection [[KOERS Museum]] of Cycle Racing)]]


==Curse of the rainbow jersey==
==Curse of the rainbow jersey==
Similar to the ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' [[Sports Illustrated cover jinx|cover jinx]], the '''curse of the rainbow jersey''' is a popular term to refer to the phenomenon where cyclists who have become [[World Cycling Championship|World Champion]] often suffer from poor luck the next year – though, in some cases, the 'bad luck' was brought on by their own actions.
The '''curse of the rainbow jersey''' is a popular term to refer to the phenomenon where cyclists who have become [[World Cycling Championship|World Champion]] often suffer from poor luck the next year – though, in some cases, the 'bad luck' was brought on by their own actions.


In 2015 an article by [[epidemiologist]] Thomas Perneger examining the curse was published in ''[[The BMJ]]''. The study was based on statistical analysis of the results of World Road Champions and winners of the [[Giro di Lombardia]] (which was used as a comparison) in the riders' winning seasons and for the two years afterwards (to enable comparison of results before, during and after the supposed curse was in effect). The patterns of data were compared to four statistical models: the "spotlight effect", based on the theory that the apparent curse is due to increased public attention on the World Champion rather than a decline in success; the "marked man" hypothesis, which stipulates that the current wearer of the jersey is more closely marked by rivals during their year as champion; the "[[regression to the mean]]" model, which supposes that random variation in success rates will mean that a highly successful season for a rider is likely to be followed by less successful years; and a model combining the last two theories. The study found that the regression to the mean model was the one that fit the data best, for winners of both the World Championship and Il Lombardia, concluding that the curse probably does not exist. The author related the idea of the curse to medical professionals [[Correlation does not imply causation|conflating correlation with causation]] when considering the effect of treatment on a patient.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Perneger |first=Thomas |date=14 December 2015 |title=Debunking the curse of the rainbow jersey: historical cohort study |url= |journal=[[The BMJ]] |volume=351 |issue=h6304 |pages=h6304 |doi=10.1136/bmj.h6304 |pmid=26668173 |pmc=4986283 }}</ref>
[[Tom Simpson]] of the United Kingdom won the world title in 1965. During the following winter (Jan/Feb 1966) he broke his leg skiing thus missing out on his most lucrative benefits from wearing the rainbow jersey.


==Designs==
Other notable 'victims' of the curse include the 1970 world champion [[Jean-Pierre Monseré]] who died wearing the rainbow jersey in March 1971.
In the past, each discipline had its own variation of the jersey.<ref>[http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/17/01/66/20150101-BrochuremaillotsENG_English.pdf UCI regulation 1.3.062]</ref> Since the [[2016 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships|2016 Cyclo-cross Worlds]], the 'classic' jersey without symbols (previously reserved for the road race and paracycling road race) was assigned to all disciplines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/UCI_cycling/status/692738846207971328|title=UCI on Twitter}}</ref>


== World Cup version ==
The 1981 winner, [[Freddy Maertens]] of Belgium, also won the Green Jersey in the 1981 Tour De France, but in 1982 won no races, and only won a further two races in his professional cycling career.
The [[UCI Road World Cup]] (1989–2004) leader wore a rainbow jersey with a vertical rainbow.


While the world champion wore the jersey in all events of the year in the specialization of his world title (the road champion wore it only in mass start road events, not, for example, in time trials or in track events), the World Cup leader wore it only in World Cup races.
The 1987 winner, Irishman [[Stephen Roche]], who had won the [[Tour de France]] and [[Giro d'Italia]] in the same season, had a disastrous following year, missing nearly the entire season with a knee injury.


[[File:Jersey worldcup.svg|180x180px|thumb|World Cup Leader jersey]]
The 1990 winner, [[Rudy Dhaenens]] of Belgium, had no results in 1991, and was forced to retire shortly after with heart problems. He was killed in a car accident six years later at the age of 36.

The 1994 winner, [[Luc Leblanc]] of France had an injury plagued following season with very poor results, winning only one small race, before bouncing back in 1996.

The 1997 winner, [[Laurent Brochard]], became entangled in the infamous Festina [[doping (sport)|doping]] scandal a year later.

The 2003 winner, Spaniard [[Igor Astarloa]], switched to the French team [[Cofidis (cycling team)|Cofidis]] for the 2004 season which almost immediately suspended itself from racing due to doping allegations against several members of the team. In response to this, Astarloa switched first to the Lampre team, and then the Barloworld team. He has had a very quiet career since his 2003 victory.

The 2004 World Road Champion [[Óscar Freire]] was in good form throughout the spring, but developed a [[Saddle sores|saddle sore]] mid-season that ended his hopes for a second consecutive title on home turf in Spain. However, this curse is considered to be minimal since Freire had been world champion twice before this and was not stricken by the curse before the 2004 season when he was world champion for the third time.

In August 2004 British professional cyclist [[David Millar]] was suspended for two years by [[British Cycling]], stripped of his 2003 World Time Trial Championship jersey, and given a fine, after confessing to the use of [[erythropoietin|EPO]] in 2001 and 2003.

On 24 September 2006, Italian [[Paolo Bettini]] won the rainbow jersey in the World Road Race Championship in Salzburg, Austria.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2006/worlds06/?id=results/worlds066|title=www.cyclingnews.com presents the 2006 UCI Road World Championships, Salzburg, Austria|publisher=}}</ref> Eight days later on 2 October his older brother Sauro died when his car struck an obstacle and overturned into a ditch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/oct06/oct03news2|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|publisher=}}</ref> He also had a few accidents in the beginning of 2007 season ([[2007 Tirreno–Adriatico|Tirreno–Adriatico]]) and technical problems (in [[E3 Prijs Vlaanderen – Harelbeke|E3 Prijs Vlaanderen]] his chain snapped<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2007/mar07/E3prijs07/?id=results|title=www.cyclingnews.com presents the 50th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen|publisher=}}</ref>). Bettini would manage to defend his world championship title in 2007, though.

On 26 November 2006, while wearing the rainbow jersey of World [[Madison (cycling)|Madison]] Champion, [[Isaac Gálvez]] died during the [[Six Days of Ghent]], following a horrific crash into the upper barrier surrounding the indoor track.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/nov06/nov27news2|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|publisher=}}</ref>

The 2008 World Road Champion [[Alessandro Ballan]] was diagnosed with [[Cytomegalovirus]] near the beginning of the 2009 season, and as a consequence missed the spring's classics and the [[Giro d'Italia]], his home tour. As a result, he was in poor form for that year's Tour de France, and only made a proper appearance once, on stage 19 when he unsuccessfully broke away near the end of the stage.

2012 World Road Champion [[Philippe Gilbert]] had a poor season wearing the jersey. He won only [[2013 Vuelta a España, Stage 12 to Stage 21#Stage 12|one stage]] in the stripes.

2013 World Road Champion [[Rui Costa (cyclist)|Rui Costa]] was diagnosed with [[Bronchitis]] during [[2014 Tour de France]] and had to rest for most of the August.

In 2015 an article by [[epidemiologist]] Thomas Perneger examining the curse was published in ''[[The BMJ]]''. The study was based on statistical analysis of the results of World Road Champions and winners of the [[Giro di Lombardia]] (which was used as a comparison) in the riders' winning seasons and for the two years afterwards (to enable comparison of results before, during and after the supposed curse was in effect). The patterns of data were compared to four statistical models - the "spotlight effect", based on the theory that the apparent curse is due to increased public attention on the World Champion rather than a decline in success, the "marked man" hypothesis which stipulates that the current wearer of the jersey is more closely marked by rivals during their year as champion, the "[[regression to the mean]]" model which supposes that random variation in success rates will mean that a highly successful season for a rider is likely to be followed by less successful years, and a model combining the last two theories. The study found that the regression to the mean model was the one that fit the data best, for winners of both the World Championship and Il Lombardia, concluding that the curse probably does not exist. The author related the idea of the curse to medical professionals [[Correlation does not imply causation|conflating correlation with causation]] when considering the effect of treatment on a patient.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Perneger |first=Thomas |date=14 December 2015 |title=Debunking the curse of the rainbow jersey: historical cohort study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h6304 |journal=[[The BMJ]] |volume=351 |issue=h6304 |pages=h6304 |doi=10.1136/bmj.h6304 |pmid=26668173 |pmc=4986283 |access-date=26 March 2016}}</ref>

In 2017 the curse continued with Peter Sagan - he was disqualified from the Tour after a collision with British sprinter Mark Cavendish, thereby losing out on a chance to tie [[Erik Zabel|Erik Zabel's]] record of six consecutive green jersey victories in what was an otherwise successful season (detailed below).

===Exceptions to the curse===
[[Eddy Merckx]], [[Bernard Hinault]] and [[Greg LeMond]] each won the Tour de France wearing the rainbow jersey.

2010 world champion [[Thor Hushovd]] won two stages of the 2011 Tour de France. His first stage win in the race, stage 13, is considered to be his best win of his career as it was a tough mountain stage and Hushovd originally is a sprinter. He also wore the yellow leaders jersey for 7 straight days.

2011 world champion [[Mark Cavendish]] won 13 stages, the [[2012 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne|Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne]] and the GC at the [[2012 Ster ZLM Toer|Ster ZLM Toer]].

Belgian [[Tom Boonen]] won the world road race in 2005 then rode the jersey to victory in 12 individual stages, the [[Tour of Flanders]] and the overall at the [[Tour of Qatar]].

2015 world champion [[Peter Sagan]] won 9 stages, the [[2016 European Road Championships|European Championship road race]], three [[2016 UCI World Tour|WorldTour]] classics (including the [[2016 Tour of Flanders|Tour of Flanders]]) and his fifth [[Points classification in the Tour de France|Tour points classification]] in succession, then went on to [[2016 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|successfully defend his world title]]. The following season, he won 9 stages, [[2017 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne|Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne]], [[2017 Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec|Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec]] and an unprecedented [[2017 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|third consecutive world title]].

==Designs==
In the past, each discipline had its own variation of the jersey.<ref>[http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/17/01/66/20150101-BrochuremaillotsENG_English.pdf UCI regulation 1.3.062]</ref> Since the [[2016 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships|2016 Cyclo-cross Worlds]], the 'classic' jersey without symbols (previously reserved for the road race and paracycling road race) was assigned to all disciplines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/UCI_cycling/status/692738846207971328|title=UCI on Twitter|publisher=}}</ref>


==Other sports==
==Other sports==
Rainbow jersey colors have been used unofficially by [[triathlon]], [[speed skating]] and [[Crashed Ice]] world champions.
Rainbow jersey colours have been used unofficially by [[triathlon]], [[speed skating]] and [[Crashed Ice]] world champions.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 232: Line 219:
[[Category:Cycling jerseys]]
[[Category:Cycling jerseys]]
[[Category:Road bicycle racing terminology]]
[[Category:Road bicycle racing terminology]]
[[Category:1927 clothes]]
[[Category:1927 clothing]]

Latest revision as of 03:13, 19 November 2024

This article is about the jersey worn by the world champion in cycling. For the Astros uniform worn in the 1970s, see Houston Astros.
The 2012 world road race champion Philippe Gilbert wearing the rainbow jersey.
The 2013 world time trial champion Ellen van Dijk wearing the time trial rainbow jersey
Katrin Schultheis wearing the rainbow jersey for artistic cycling
Stefan Nimke, 2012 men's 1 km time trial world champion wearing the track rainbow jersey

The rainbow jersey is the distinctive jersey worn by the reigning world champion in a cycling discipline, since 1927. The jersey is predominantly white with five horizontal bands in the UCI colours around the chest. From the bottom up the colours are: green, yellow, black, red and blue; the same colours that appear in the rings on the Olympic flag. The tradition is applied to all disciplines, including road racing, track racing, cyclo-cross, BMX, Trials and the disciplines within mountain biking. A world champion must wear the jersey when competing in the same discipline, category and speciality for which the title was won. For example, the world road race champion would wear the garment while competing in stage races (except for time trial stages) and one-day races, but would not be entitled to wear it during time trials. Similarly, on the track, the world individual pursuit champion would only wear the jersey when competing in other individual pursuit events.[1] In team events, such as the team pursuit, each member of the team must wear the rainbow jersey, but would not wear it while racing in, say, points races or other track disciplines. If the holder of a rainbow jersey becomes leader of a stage race or a category within it, that leadership jersey takes precedence. Failure to wear the rainbow jersey where required carries a penalty of a fine.[2]

After the end of a rider's time as champion, they are eligible to wear piping in the same rainbow pattern on the collar and cuffs of their jersey for the remainder of their career.

Reigning world champions

[edit]

The reigning world champions (elite only) are as follows:

Discipline Event World Champion Men World Champion Women Next Championships
Road Road race  Tadej Pogačar (SLO)  Lotte Kopecky (BEL) September 2025
Time trial  Remco Evenepoel (BEL)  Grace Brown (AUS)
Mixed relay  Australia
Michael Matthews
Ben O'Connor
Jay Vine
Grace Brown
Brodie Chapman
Ruby Roseman-Gannon
Track Sprint  Harrie Lavreysen (NED)  Emma Finucane (GBR) October 2024
Team sprint  Netherlands
Roy van den Berg
Harrie Lavreysen
Jeffrey Hoogland 		 Germany
Pauline Grabosch
Emma Hinze
Lea Friedrich
Time trial  Jeffrey Hoogland (NED)  Emma Hinze (GER)
Keirin  Kevin Quintero (COL)  Ellesse Andrews (NZL)
Individual pursuit  Filippo Ganna (ITA)  Chloé Dygert (USA)
Team pursuit  Denmark
Niklas Larsen
Carl-Frederik Bévort
Lasse Norman Leth
Rasmus Pedersen
Frederik Rodenberg 		 Great Britain
Katie Archibald
Elinor Barker
Josie Knight
Anna Morris
Megan Barker
Scratch race  William Tidball (GBR)  Jennifer Valente (USA)
Points race  Aaron Gate (NZL)  Lotte Kopecky (BEL)
Elimination race  Ethan Vernon (GBR)  Lotte Kopecky (BEL)
Madison  Netherlands
Jan Willem van Schip
Yoeri Havik 		 Great Britain
Neah Evans
Elinor Barker
Omnium  Iúri Leitão (POR)  Jennifer Valente (USA)
Cyclo-cross Elite  Mathieu van der Poel (NED)  Fem van Empel (NED) January 2024
Mountain bike Cross-country Olympic  Tom Pidcock (GBR)  Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (FRA) August/September 2024
Cross-country short track  Sam Gaze (NZL)  Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (FRA)
E-MTB Cross-country  Joris Ryf (SUI)  Nathalie Schneitter (SUI)
Cross-country relay   Switzerland
Dario Lillo
Nicolas Halter
Linda Indergand
Ronja Blöchlinger
Anina Hutter
Nino Schurter
Downhill  Charlie Hatton (GBR)  Valentina Höll (AUT)
Cross-country eliminator  Jeroen van Eck (NED)  Gaia Tormena (ITA) TBD 2025
Four-cross  Tomáš Slavík (CZE)  Michaela Hájková (CZE) TBD
Marathon  Henrique Avancini (BRA)  Mona Mitterwallner (AUT) September 2024
Pump track  Niels Bensink (NED)  Christa von Niederhäusern (SUI) November 2024
BMX racing Elite  Romain Mahieu (FRA)  Beth Shriever (GBR) May 2024
Urban BMX freestyle park  Kieran Reilly (GBR)  Hannah Roberts (USA) 2024
BMX freestyle flatland  Yu Shoji (JPN)  Aude Cassagne (FRA)
20 inch trials  Alejandro Montalvo (ESP) Not applicable
26 inch trials  Jack Carthy (GBR)
Open trials Not applicable  Nina Reichenbach (GER)
Mixed team  Spain
Borja Conejos
Daniel Barón
Daniel Cegarra
Víctor Pérez
Vera Barón
Artistic Single  Lukas Kohl (GER)  Ramona Dandl (GER) TBD
Open four   Switzerland
Stefanie Moos
Vanessa Hotz
Flavia Schürmann
Carole Ledergerber
Pairs Not applicable  Germany
Selina Marquardt
Helen Vordermeier
Open pairs  Germany
Serafin Schefold
Max Hanselmann
Cycle ball  Germany
André Kopp
Raphael Kopp 		 Germany
Claire Feyler
Nadine Jacqueline Weber
Gravel Elite  Mathieu Van Der Poel (NED)  Marianne Vos (NED) October 2025
Rainbow Jersey of Jean-Pierre Monseré won in 1970, Leicester (collection KOERS Museum of Cycle Racing)

Curse of the rainbow jersey

[edit]

The curse of the rainbow jersey is a popular term to refer to the phenomenon where cyclists who have become World Champion often suffer from poor luck the next year – though, in some cases, the 'bad luck' was brought on by their own actions.

In 2015 an article by epidemiologist Thomas Perneger examining the curse was published in The BMJ. The study was based on statistical analysis of the results of World Road Champions and winners of the Giro di Lombardia (which was used as a comparison) in the riders' winning seasons and for the two years afterwards (to enable comparison of results before, during and after the supposed curse was in effect). The patterns of data were compared to four statistical models: the "spotlight effect", based on the theory that the apparent curse is due to increased public attention on the World Champion rather than a decline in success; the "marked man" hypothesis, which stipulates that the current wearer of the jersey is more closely marked by rivals during their year as champion; the "regression to the mean" model, which supposes that random variation in success rates will mean that a highly successful season for a rider is likely to be followed by less successful years; and a model combining the last two theories. The study found that the regression to the mean model was the one that fit the data best, for winners of both the World Championship and Il Lombardia, concluding that the curse probably does not exist. The author related the idea of the curse to medical professionals conflating correlation with causation when considering the effect of treatment on a patient.[3]

Designs

[edit]

In the past, each discipline had its own variation of the jersey.[4] Since the 2016 Cyclo-cross Worlds, the 'classic' jersey without symbols (previously reserved for the road race and paracycling road race) was assigned to all disciplines.[5]

World Cup version

[edit]

The UCI Road World Cup (1989–2004) leader wore a rainbow jersey with a vertical rainbow.

While the world champion wore the jersey in all events of the year in the specialization of his world title (the road champion wore it only in mass start road events, not, for example, in time trials or in track events), the World Cup leader wore it only in World Cup races.

World Cup Leader jersey

Other sports

[edit]

Rainbow jersey colours have been used unofficially by triathlon, speed skating and Crashed Ice world champions.

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rainbow cycling jerseys.

Notes and references

[edit]
  1. ^ UCI regulation 1.3.063
  2. ^ UCI regulation 1.3.072
  3. ^ Perneger, Thomas (14 December 2015). "Debunking the curse of the rainbow jersey: historical cohort study". The BMJ. 351 (h6304): h6304. doi:10.1136/bmj.h6304. PMC 4986283. PMID 26668173.
  4. ^ UCI regulation 1.3.062
  5. ^ "UCI on Twitter".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_jersey&oldid=1258330035"