Indosuchus: Difference between revisions

Indosuchus; Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 70–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Life restoration in resting pose
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Family:	†Abelisauridae
Genus:	†Indosuchus; Huene & Matley, 1933
Species:	†I. raptorius
Binomial name
	†Indosuchus raptorius; Huene & Matley, 1933

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Indosuchus (lit. 'Indian crocodile') is a genus of abelisaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period (70 to 66 million years ago – the Maastrichtian), a theropod related to Abelisaurus. Like most theropods, Indosuchus was a bipedal carnivore. It was about 7 metres long, weighed about 1.2 tonnes,^[1] and had a crested skull, flattened on the top.

Naming

Indosuchus was named by Friedrich von Huene in 1932^[3] and was described by Huene and Charles Alfred Matley in 1933 from three partial skulls found by Matley in India near Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh in strata of the Lameta Formation.^[4] The lectotype is GSI K27/685, consisting of the parietals and frontals of a single individual.^[5] Two paralectotypes were referred, both including material from the posterior skull, with the fossils referred based on the parietal morphology.^[6]^[4]

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Indosuchus type locality in Carnosaur beds, Bara Simla, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

The generic name is derived from Indos, Ancient Greek for the Indus and Soukhos, Ancient Greek for the Egyptian crocodile god. The specific name raptorius means "raptorial" in Latin.^[4]

Classification

Because only some skull elements have been found, Indosuchus placement has been somewhat erratic. Although it is now somewhat firmly placed within the Abelisauridae, it was originally assigned by von Huene to the Allosauridae. Alick Walker thought in 1964 it was a member of the Tyrannosauridae. The discovery of other abelisaurids like Carnotaurus has helped clarify its position; in 1986 José Bonaparte concluded it was an abelisaurid.

Indosuchus is defined based on how the frontonasal suture is placed anteriorly compared to lacrimal, according to Novas et al., 2004.^[2]

References

^ Paul, G.S., (2010), The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, Princeton University Press p. 78
^ ^a ^b Novas, F., Agnolin, F., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2004). Cretaceous theropods from India: a review of specimens described by Huene and Matley (1933). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales nueva serie, 6(1), 67-103.
^ Huene, F. von, 1932, Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte: Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie, 1e Serie, Heft 4, pp. 1-361
^ ^a ^b ^c F. v. Huene and C. A. Matley, 1933, "The Cretaceous Saurischia and Ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India", Palaeontologica Indica (New Series), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 21(1): 1-74
^ S. Chatterjee, 1978, "Indosuchus and Indosaurus, Cretaceous carnosaurs from India", Journal of Paleontology 52(3): 570-580
^ Sebastian, D., & Gishlick, A. (2011, January). THEROPOD MATERIAL FROM LAMETA, INDIA, IN THE COLLECTION OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ITS BEARING ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND PHYLOGENETIC AND TAXONOMIC STATUS OF INDOSUCHUS RAPTORIUS. In JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY (Vol. 31, pp. 95-95). 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA: SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY.

External links

Dann's Dinosaurs

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[1] Paul, G.S., (2010), The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, Princeton University Press p. 78

[:1-2] Novas, F., Agnolin, F., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2004). Cretaceous theropods from India: a review of specimens described by Huene and Matley (1933). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales nueva serie, 6(1), 67-103.

[3] Huene, F. von, 1932, Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte: Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie, 1e Serie, Heft 4, pp. 1-361

[:0-4] F. v. Huene and C. A. Matley, 1933, "The Cretaceous Saurischia and Ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India", Palaeontologica Indica (New Series), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 21(1): 1-74

[5] S. Chatterjee, 1978, "Indosuchus and Indosaurus, Cretaceous carnosaurs from India", Journal of Paleontology 52(3): 570-580

[6] Sebastian, D., & Gishlick, A. (2011, January). THEROPOD MATERIAL FROM LAMETA, INDIA, IN THE COLLECTION OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ITS BEARING ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND PHYLOGENETIC AND TAXONOMIC STATUS OF INDOSUCHUS RAPTORIUS. In JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY (Vol. 31, pp. 95-95). 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA: SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY.

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | image = Indosuchus.jpg
 | image_upright = 1.1
-| image_caption = In resting pose
+| image_caption = [[Life restoration]] in resting pose
 | genus = Indosuchus
 | parent_authority = Huene & Matley, 1933
 | species = raptorius
-| authority = [[Friedrich von Huene|Huene]] & [[Charles Alfred Matley|Matley]], 1933
+| authority = [[Friedrich von Huene|Huene]] & [[Charles Alfred Matley|Matley]], [[1933 in paleontology|1933]]
 }}
-'''''Indosuchus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[abelisaurid]] [[dinosaur]] from the Late [[Cretaceous]] [[Period (geology)|Period]] (70 to 66 [[million years ago]] – the [[Maastrichtian]]), a [[theropod]] related to ''[[Abelisaurus]]''. Like most theropods, ''Indosuchus'' was a [[bipedal]] [[carnivore]]. It was about 7 metres long, weighed about 1.2 tonnes,<ref>Paul, G.S., 2010, ''The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs'', Princeton University Press p. 78</ref> and had a crested skull, flattened on the top. Other authors estimated it to be 9.7 meters in length and 2.3 tonnes in weight.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Récords y curiosidades de los dinosaurios Terópodos y otros dinosauromorfos, Larousse|last=Molina-Pérez & Larramendi|publisher=|year=2016|isbn=|location=Barcelona, Spain|pages=256}}</ref>
+'''''Indosuchus''''' ({{lit|Indian crocodile}}) is a [[genus]] of [[abelisaurid]] [[dinosaur]] from the Late [[Cretaceous]] [[Period (geology)|Period]] (70 to 66 [[million years ago]] – the [[Maastrichtian]]), a [[theropod]] related to ''[[Abelisaurus]]''. Like most theropods, ''Indosuchus'' was a [[bipedal]] [[carnivore]]. It was about 7 metres long, weighed about 1.2 tonnes,<ref>Paul, G.S., (2010), ''The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs'', Princeton University Press p. 78</ref> and had a crested skull, flattened on the top.
 ==Naming==
+[[File:Indosuchus premaxilla.png|left|thumb|Right premaxilla questionably assigned to ''I. raptorius'' (specimen AMNH 1753)<ref name=":1" />]]
-''Indosuchus'' was named by [[Friedrich von Huene]] in 1932<ref>Huene, F. von, 1932, ''Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte: Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie, 1e Serie, Heft 4'', pp. 1-361</ref> and was described by Huene and [[Charles Alfred Matley]] in 1933 from three partial skulls found by Matley in [[India]] near [[Jabalpur]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]] in strata of the  [[Lameta Formation]].<ref>F. v. Huene and C. A. Matley, 1933, "The Cretaceous Saurischia and Ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India", ''Palaeontologica Indica (New Series), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India'' '''21'''(1): 1-74</ref> The [[lectotype]] is GSI K27/685.<ref>S. Chatterjee, 1978, "''Indosuchus'' and ''Indosaurus'', Cretaceous carnosaurs from India", ''Journal of Paleontology'' '''52'''(3): 570-580</ref>
+''Indosuchus'' was named by [[Friedrich von Huene]] in 1932<ref>Huene, F. von, 1932, ''Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte: Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie, 1e Serie, Heft 4'', pp. 1-361</ref> and was described by Huene and [[Charles Alfred Matley]] in 1933 from three partial skulls found by Matley in [[India]] near [[Jabalpur]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]] in strata of the  [[Lameta Formation]].<ref name=":0">F. v. Huene and C. A. Matley, 1933, "The Cretaceous Saurischia and Ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India", ''Palaeontologica Indica (New Series), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India'' '''21'''(1): 1-74</ref> The [[lectotype]] is GSI K27/685, consisting of the parietals and frontals of a single individual.<ref>S. Chatterjee, 1978, "''Indosuchus'' and ''Indosaurus'', Cretaceous carnosaurs from India", ''Journal of Paleontology'' '''52'''(3): 570-580</ref> Two paralectotypes were referred, both including material from the posterior skull, with the fossils referred based on the parietal morphology.<ref>Sebastian, D., & Gishlick, A. (2011, January). THEROPOD MATERIAL FROM LAMETA, INDIA, IN THE COLLECTION OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ITS BEARING ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND PHYLOGENETIC AND TAXONOMIC STATUS OF INDOSUCHUS RAPTORIUS. In ''JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY'' (Vol. 31, pp. 95-95). 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA: SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY.</ref><ref name=":0" />
+{{Location map|India
-The generic name is derived from ''Indos'', [[Ancient Greek]] for the [[Indus]] and ''Soukhos'', Ancient Greek for the Egyptian crocodile god. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''raptorius'' means "raptorial" in [[Latin]].
+|width = 225px
+|coordinates={{coord|23.2|N|80.0|E|display=inline}}
+|caption= ''Indosuchus'' [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] in Carnosaur beds, Bara Simla, Jabalpur, [[Madhya Pradesh]], India
+|pushpin_relief=1
+}}
+The generic name is derived from ''Indos'', [[Ancient Greek]] for the [[Indus]] and ''Soukhos'', Ancient Greek for the [[Sobek|Egyptian crocodile god]]. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''raptorius'' means "raptorial" in [[Latin]].<ref name=":0" />
 ==Classification==
-Because only some skull elements have been found, ''Indosuchus'' placement has been somewhat erratic. Although it's now somewhat firmly placed within the Abelisauridae, it was originally assigned by von Huene to the [[Allosauridae]]. [[Alick Walker]] thought in 1964 it was a member of the [[Tyrannosauridae]]. The discovery of other abelisaurids like ''[[Carnotaurus]]'' has helped clarify its position; in 1986 [[José Bonaparte]] concluded it was an abelisaurid.
+Because only some skull elements have been found, ''Indosuchus'' placement has been somewhat erratic. Although it is now somewhat firmly placed within the Abelisauridae, it was originally assigned by von Huene to the [[Allosauridae]]. [[Alick Walker]] thought in 1964 it was a member of the [[Tyrannosauridae]]. The discovery of other abelisaurids like ''[[Carnotaurus]]'' has helped clarify its position; in 1986 [[José Bonaparte]] concluded it was an abelisaurid.
+''Indosuchus'' is defined based on how the  frontonasal suture is placed anteriorly compared to lacrimal, according to Novas ''et al.,'' 2004.<ref name=":1">Novas, F., Agnolin, F., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2004). Cretaceous theropods from India: a review of specimens described by Huene and Matley (1933). ''Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales nueva serie'', ''6''(1), 67-103.</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 36: / Line 46: @@
 [[Category:Abelisaurids]]
-[[Category:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs]]
+[[Category:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia]]
 [[Category:Dinosaurs of India and Madagascar]]
 [[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1933]]