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{{Short description|Queen of Germany (1389–1419) and Bohemia (1389–1419)}}
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{{Refimprove|date=September 2015}}
{{about|the Queen consort of Bohemia|the 12th-century German noblewoman|Sophia of Bavaria (1105–1145)}}
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{{Infobox royalty|majesty|consort
{{More citations needed|date=September 2015}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
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{{Infobox royalty|consort=yes
|name= Sophia of Bavaria
|name= Sophia of Bavaria
|title= Queen consort of Romans and Bohemia
|succession=[[Queen consort of Bohemia]]
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|coronation=13 March 1400
|reign=2 May 1389 – 16 Aug 1419
|succession1= [[Queen consort of Germany]]
|reign1=2 May 1389 – 20 August 1400
|image= ZofieBav2.jpg
|image= ZofieBav2.jpg
|caption=
|caption=
|reign= 1389–1419
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|coronation=
|full name=
|full name=
|spouse= [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans]]
|spouse= [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans]]
|issue=
|issue=
|house=
|house=
|royal anthem =
|father= [[John II, Duke of Bavaria]]
|father= [[John II, Duke of Bavaria]]
|mother= [[Catherine of Gorizia]]
|mother= [[Catherine of Gorizia]]
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|birth_place=
|birth_place=
|death_date= 4 November 1428 (aged 52)
|death_date= 4 November 1428 (aged 52)
|death_place= Pressburg
|death_place= Pressburg (now Bratislava)
|place of burial= [[Bratislava]]
|place of burial= [[St Martin's Cathedral, Bratislava|St Martin's Cathedral]], Pressburg (now [[Bratislava]])
|}}
}}


'''Sophia of Bavaria''' ({{Lang-cs|Žofie Bavorská}}; {{Lang-de|Sophie von Bayern}}; 1376 – 4 November 1428<ref>In a Munich archive, letters of Sophia from the years 1422-1427 have been found. B. Kopičková, Mnichovský fascikl č. 543. Korespondence královny Žofie z období březen 1422 – prosinec 1427. In: ''Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica'' 8, 2001, s. 121–138.</ref>) was a [[Queen consort|Queen]] of [[Bohemia]] and the spouse of [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans|Wenceslaus]], King of Bohemia and [[King of the Romans]]. She was briefly regent of Bohemia after the death of Wenceslaus.
'''Sophia of Bavaria''' ({{Langx|cs|Žofie Bavorská}}; {{Langx|de|Sophie von Bayern}}; 1376 – 4 November 1428<ref>In a Munich archive, letters of Sophia from the years 1422–1427 have been found. B. Kopičková, Mnichovský fascikl č. 543. Korespondence královny Žofie z období březen 1422 – prosinec 1427. In: ''Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica'' 8, 2001, s. 121–138.</ref>) was a [[Queen consort|Queen]] of [[Bohemia]] and the spouse of [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans|Wenceslaus]], King of Bohemia and [[King of the Romans]]. She was briefly interim regent of Bohemia after the death of Wenceslaus in 1419.


== Family and early life==
== Early life==
Sophia was a member of the [[House of Wittelsbach]] and was the youngest child and only daughter of [[John II, Duke of Bavaria]], and his spouse [[Catherine of Gorizia]]. Sophia's two brothers were [[Ernest, Duke of Bavaria]], and [[William III, Duke of Bavaria]].
Sophia was a member of the [[House of Wittelsbach]] and was the youngest child and only daughter of [[John II, Duke of Bavaria]], and his spouse [[Catherine of Gorizia]]. Sophia's two brothers were [[Ernest, Duke of Bavaria]], and [[William III, Duke of Bavaria]].


Her paternal grandparents were [[Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria]] and his first wife [[Elisabeth of Sicily (1310–1349)|Elisabetta of Sicily]], daughter of [[Frederick III of Sicily]] and [[Eleanor of Anjou]]. Sophia's maternal grandparents were Count Meinhard VI of Gorizia and Catharina of Pfannberg.
Her paternal grandparents were [[Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria]] and his first wife [[Elisabeth of Sicily (1310–1349)|Elisabetta of Sicily]], daughter of [[Frederick III of Sicily]] and [[Eleanor of Anjou]]. Sophia was a cousin of [[Isabeau of Bavaria]], Queen of France. Sophia's maternal grandparents were Count Meinhard VI of Gorizia and Catharina of Pfannberg.


Sophia grew up in the care of her uncle, [[Frederick, Duke of Bavaria]], in [[Landshut]]. Sophia liked hunting, which was one thing she had in common with her future husband. In 1388 uncle took her to [[Prague]], where he worked through political negotiations to have his niece married off. He said that the twelve-year-old princess was impressed with Wenceslaus, moreover, the marriage was for political reasons. Sophia's father was represented in the negotiation of the marriage by her uncle Duke Frederick.
Sophia grew up in the care of her uncle, [[Frederick, Duke of Bavaria]], in [[Landshut]]. Sophia liked hunting, which was one thing she had in common with her future husband. In 1388 uncle took her to [[Prague]], where he worked through political negotiations to have his niece married off. He said that the twelve-year-old princess was impressed with Wenceslaus, moreover, the marriage was for political reasons. Sophia's father was represented in the negotiation of the marriage by her uncle Duke Frederick.
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== Queen ==
== Queen ==


On 2 May 1389 in Prague, Sophia married [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans]]. Wenceslas and Sophie were probably married by the king's chancellor, Bishop Jan. Wenceslaus was in a dispute with the Archbishop of Prague, which threatened Sophia's coronation. She could have only been crowned queen by an archbishop.
On 2 May 1389 in Prague, Sophia married [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans]]. Wenceslas and Sophia were probably married by the king's chancellor, Bishop Jan. Wenceslaus was in a dispute with the Archbishop of Prague, which threatened Sophia's coronation. She could have only been crowned queen by an archbishop.


Wenceslaus celebrated the marriage by making a number of excellent manuscripts such as ''The of Bible Wenceslas IV''. There was also a manuscript on marital fidelity. The relationship was described as happy. Sophia had no children.
Wenceslaus celebrated the marriage by making a number of excellent manuscripts such as the [[Wenceslas Bible]]. There was also a manuscript on marital fidelity. The relationship was described as happy. Sophia had no children.


Sophia's husband was certainly not an incompetent ruler, in chronicles he was described in a biased manner. Sophia is described as economically talented. In March 1393, her confessor [[John of Nepomuk]] died under [[torture]]. It was said that he died refusing to reveal her [[Confession (religion)|confession]], but he was also at that time involved in a conflict with [[Jan of Jenštejn]]. During the rebellion and the imprisonment of her spouse in 1402–1403, she lived in [[Hradec Králové]]. Queen Sophia was initially a follower of [[Jan Hus]] and listened to his sermons, and like Wenceslas, she gave him her protection. After Hus was banned by the Pope in 1410, however, she withdraw her support. She was convinced that the death of Hus, in 1415, would lead to a riot.
Sophia's husband was certainly not an incompetent ruler, in chronicles he was described in a biased manner. Sophia is described as economically talented. In March 1393, her confessor [[John of Nepomuk]] died under [[torture]]. It was said that he died refusing to reveal her [[Confession (religion)|confession]], but he was also at that time involved in a conflict with [[Jan of Jenštejn]]. During the rebellion and the imprisonment of her spouse in 1402–1403, she lived in [[Hradec Králové]]. Queen Sophia was initially a follower of [[Jan Hus]] and listened to his sermons, and like Wenceslas, she gave him her protection. After Hus was banned by the Pope in 1410, however, she withdrew her support. She was convinced that the death of Hus, in 1415, would lead to a riot.


== Queen dowager and regent ==
== Queen dowager regent ==


Wenceslaus died in 1419. As a queen dowager, Sophia sought refuge with her brother-in-law, [[Sigismund of Hungary]], whose claims on the throne of Bohemia she supported. For a period of time, Sophia was the official regent of Bohemia. In October 1419, the leading Bohemians signed a treaty with queen dowager Sophia with a promise to protect law and order. She soon lost authority, however. Sophia and Sigismund were involved in managing a property in [[Prešpurk]] together. There were rumours that Sophia and Sigismund had an affair. Sigismund remarked that the Queen dowager of Bohemia would surely marry again – possibly to [[Jogaila|Wladyslaw II of Poland]].
Wenceslaus died in 1419. As a queen dowager, Sophia sought refuge with her brother-in-law, [[Sigismund of Hungary]], whose claims on the throne of Bohemia she supported. For a period of time, Sophia was the official regent of Bohemia.


In October 1419, the leading Bohemians signed a treaty with queen dowager Sophia with a promise to protect law and order. She soon lost authority, however. Sophia and Sigismund were involved in managing a property in [[Prešpurk]] together. There were rumours that Sophia and Sigismund had an affair. Sigismund remarked that the Queen dowager of Bohemia would surely marry again – possibly to [[Jogaila|Wladyslaw II of Poland]].
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Sophia died on 4 November 1428.


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Sophia died on 4 November 1428.
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{{Commons category|Sofia of Bavaria}}


==Ancestors==
==Ancestry==
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|boxstyle_5=background-color: Gold;
|1 = 1. '''Sophia of Bavaria'''
|1 = 1. '''Sophia of Bavaria'''
|2 = 2. [[John II, Duke of Bavaria]]
|2 = 2. [[John II, Duke of Bavaria]]
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|14 = 14. [[Ulrich V, Count of Pfannberg]]
|14 = 14. [[Ulrich V, Count of Pfannberg]]
|15 = 15. Margaret of Werdenberg
|15 = 15. Margaret of Werdenberg
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}}
|16 = 16. [[Louis II, Duke of Bavaria]]
|17 = 17. [[Matilda of Habsburg]]
|18 = 18. [[Bolko I the Strict]]
|19 = 19. [[Beatrice of Brandenburg]]
|20 = 20. [[Peter III of Aragon]]
|21 = 21. [[Constance of Sicily]]
|22 = 22. [[Charles II of Naples]]
|23 = 23. [[Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples|Mary of Hungary]]
|24 = 24. [[Albert I of Gorizia]]
|25 = 25. Euphemia of Silesia-Glogau
|26 = 26. Ulrich II of Mätsch
|27 =
|28 = 28. [[Ulrich IV, Count of Pfannberg]]
|29 = 29. Margaret of Heunburg
|30 = 30. Hugh II, Count of Werdernberg
|31 = 31. Euphemia of Ortenburg
}}</center>
{{ahnentafel bottom}}


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Commons category|Sophia of Bavaria, Queen of Bohemia}}
<references />
<references />


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* BAUER J. ''Podivné konce českých panovnic''. Vydání 1. Třebíč: Akcent, 2002.
* BAUER J. ''Podivné konce českých panovnic''. Vydání 1. Třebíč: Akcent, 2002.
* ČECHURA, J. ''Ženy a milenky českých králů''. Vydání 1. Praha: Akropolis, 1994.
* ČECHURA, J. ''Ženy a milenky českých králů''. Vydání 1. Praha: Akropolis, 1994.
* ČECHURA, Jaroslav. ''České země v letech 1378-1437. Lucemburkové na českém trůně II''. Praha: Libri, 2000. 438 s. ISBN 80-85983-98-2.
* ČECHURA, Jaroslav. ''České země v letech 1378–1437. Lucemburkové na českém trůně II''. Praha: Libri, 2000. 438 s. {{ISBN|80-85983-98-2}}.
* KOPIČKOVÁ, B., Mnichovský fascikl č. 543. Korespondence královny Žofie z období březen 1422 – prosinec 1427. In: ''Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica'' 8, 2001, s. 121–138.
* KOPIČKOVÁ, B., Mnichovský fascikl č. 543. Korespondence královny Žofie z období březen 1422 – prosinec 1427. In: ''Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica'' 8, 2001, s. 121–138.
* SPĚVÁČEK, Jiří. ''Václav IV. 1361-1419. K předpokladům husitské revoluce''. Praha: Nakladatelství Svoboda, 1986. 773 s.
* SPĚVÁČEK, Jiří. ''Václav IV. 1361–1419. K předpokladům husitské revoluce''. Praha: Nakladatelství Svoboda, 1986. 773 s.
* [[František Šmahel|ŠMAHEL, F.]] - BOBKOVÁ, L. (eds.), ''Lucemburkové. Česká koruna uprostřed Evropy'', Praha: NLN 2012, str. 758–762.
* [[František Šmahel|ŠMAHEL, F.]] - BOBKOVÁ, L. (eds.), ''Lucemburkové. Česká koruna uprostřed Evropy'', Praha: NLN 2012, str. 758–762.


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{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}


{{Royal consorts of Germany}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Royal consorts of Bohemia}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
|NAME=Sofia of Bavaria
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Sophie von Bayern (German); Žofie Bavorská (Czech)
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Queen of Bohemia and of the Germans; briefly regent of Bohemia
|DATE OF BIRTH= 1376
|DATE OF DEATH= 4 November 1428
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sofia of Bavaria}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sofia of Bavaria}}
[[Category:1376 births]]
[[Category:1376 births]]
[[Category:1428 deaths]]
[[Category:1428 deaths]]
[[Category:Bohemian queens consort]]
[[Category:Queens consort of Bohemia]]
[[Category:Italian queens consort]]
[[Category:Queens of the Romans]]
[[Category:House of Wittelsbach]]
[[Category:House of Wittelsbach]]
[[Category:People of the Hussite Wars]]
[[Category:People of the Hussite Wars]]
[[Category:Women of medieval Germany]]
[[Category:Women of medieval Bavaria]]
[[Category:Female regents]]
[[Category:15th-century women regents]]
[[Category:15th-century regents]]
[[Category:14th-century German women]]
[[Category:14th-century German nobility]]
[[Category:15th-century German women]]
[[Category:15th-century German nobility]]
[[Category:Daughters of dukes]]

Latest revision as of 04:32, 19 November 2024

This article is about the Queen consort of Bohemia. For the 12th-century German noblewoman, see Sophia of Bavaria (1105–1145).

Sophia of Bavaria
Queen consort of Bohemia
Tenure2 May 1389 – 16 Aug 1419
Coronation13 March 1400
Queen consort of Germany
Tenure2 May 1389 – 20 August 1400
Born1376
Died4 November 1428 (aged 52)
Pressburg (now Bratislava)
Burial
St Martin's Cathedral, Pressburg (now Bratislava)
SpouseWenceslaus, King of the Romans
FatherJohn II, Duke of Bavaria
MotherCatherine of Gorizia

Sophia of Bavaria (Czech: Žofie Bavorská; German: Sophie von Bayern; 1376 – 4 November 1428[1]) was a Queen of Bohemia and the spouse of Wenceslaus, King of Bohemia and King of the Romans. She was briefly interim regent of Bohemia after the death of Wenceslaus in 1419.

Early life

[edit]

Sophia was a member of the House of Wittelsbach and was the youngest child and only daughter of John II, Duke of Bavaria, and his spouse Catherine of Gorizia. Sophia's two brothers were Ernest, Duke of Bavaria, and William III, Duke of Bavaria.

Her paternal grandparents were Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria and his first wife Elisabetta of Sicily, daughter of Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou. Sophia was a cousin of Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France. Sophia's maternal grandparents were Count Meinhard VI of Gorizia and Catharina of Pfannberg.

Sophia grew up in the care of her uncle, Frederick, Duke of Bavaria, in Landshut. Sophia liked hunting, which was one thing she had in common with her future husband. In 1388 uncle took her to Prague, where he worked through political negotiations to have his niece married off. He said that the twelve-year-old princess was impressed with Wenceslaus, moreover, the marriage was for political reasons. Sophia's father was represented in the negotiation of the marriage by her uncle Duke Frederick.

Queen

[edit]

On 2 May 1389 in Prague, Sophia married Wenceslaus, King of the Romans. Wenceslas and Sophia were probably married by the king's chancellor, Bishop Jan. Wenceslaus was in a dispute with the Archbishop of Prague, which threatened Sophia's coronation. She could have only been crowned queen by an archbishop.

Wenceslaus celebrated the marriage by making a number of excellent manuscripts such as the Wenceslas Bible. There was also a manuscript on marital fidelity. The relationship was described as happy. Sophia had no children.

Sophia's husband was certainly not an incompetent ruler, in chronicles he was described in a biased manner. Sophia is described as economically talented. In March 1393, her confessor John of Nepomuk died under torture. It was said that he died refusing to reveal her confession, but he was also at that time involved in a conflict with Jan of Jenštejn. During the rebellion and the imprisonment of her spouse in 1402–1403, she lived in Hradec Králové. Queen Sophia was initially a follower of Jan Hus and listened to his sermons, and like Wenceslas, she gave him her protection. After Hus was banned by the Pope in 1410, however, she withdrew her support. She was convinced that the death of Hus, in 1415, would lead to a riot.

Queen dowager regent

[edit]

Wenceslaus died in 1419. As a queen dowager, Sophia sought refuge with her brother-in-law, Sigismund of Hungary, whose claims on the throne of Bohemia she supported. For a period of time, Sophia was the official regent of Bohemia.

In October 1419, the leading Bohemians signed a treaty with queen dowager Sophia with a promise to protect law and order. She soon lost authority, however. Sophia and Sigismund were involved in managing a property in Prešpurk together. There were rumours that Sophia and Sigismund had an affair. Sigismund remarked that the Queen dowager of Bohemia would surely marry again – possibly to Wladyslaw II of Poland.

Sophia died on 4 November 1428.

Ancestry

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sophia of Bavaria, Queen of Bohemia.
  1. ^ In a Munich archive, letters of Sophia from the years 1422–1427 have been found. B. Kopičková, Mnichovský fascikl č. 543. Korespondence královny Žofie z období březen 1422 – prosinec 1427. In: Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica 8, 2001, s. 121–138.
  2. ^ Maclagan and Louda, pp. 51, 53

Sources and Literature

[edit]
  • BAUER J. Podivné konce českých panovnic. Vydání 1. Třebíč: Akcent, 2002.
  • ČECHURA, J. Ženy a milenky českých králů. Vydání 1. Praha: Akropolis, 1994.
  • ČECHURA, Jaroslav. České země v letech 1378–1437. Lucemburkové na českém trůně II. Praha: Libri, 2000. 438 s. ISBN 80-85983-98-2.
  • KOPIČKOVÁ, B., Mnichovský fascikl č. 543. Korespondence královny Žofie z období březen 1422 – prosinec 1427. In: Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica 8, 2001, s. 121–138.
  • SPĚVÁČEK, Jiří. Václav IV. 1361–1419. K předpokladům husitské revoluce. Praha: Nakladatelství Svoboda, 1986. 773 s.
  • ŠMAHEL, F. - BOBKOVÁ, L. (eds.), Lucemburkové. Česká koruna uprostřed Evropy, Praha: NLN 2012, str. 758–762.
Royal titles
Preceded by Queen consort of Germany
1389–1400 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Queen consort of Bohemia
1389–1419 		Succeeded by
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