Strato III: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox monarch |
{{Infobox monarch |
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| name =Strato III |
| name =Strato III |
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| succession = |
| succession =King of Gandhara |
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| image =Strato II other coin.jpg |
| image =Strato II other coin.jpg |
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| caption =<small>Coin of '''Strato II''' and '''Strato III'''.<br>'''Obv:''' Probable bust of Strato II. Possible Greek legend: ΒΑϹΙΛΕΩΣ ϹΩΤΙΡΟϹ ϹΤΡΑΤΩΝΟϹ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΑ / ϹΤΡΑΤΩΝΟϹ "Of Kings Strato the Saviour and Strato the Father-loving".<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Coins of the Graeco-Indian sovereigns agathokleia, Strato I Soter, and Strato II Philopator|title=Corolla Numismatica|others=Numismatic essays in honour of Barclay V. Head. With a portrait and eighteen plates|place=Oxford|year=1906|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029768565#page/n269/mode/2up|first=E.J.|last=Rapson}} At the [[Internet Archive]].</ref><br> |
| caption =<small>Coin of '''Strato II''' and '''Strato III'''.<br>'''Obv:''' Probable bust of Strato II. Possible Greek legend: ΒΑϹΙΛΕΩΣ ϹΩΤΙΡΟϹ ϹΤΡΑΤΩΝΟϹ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΑ / ϹΤΡΑΤΩΝΟϹ "Of Kings Strato the Saviour and Strato the Father-loving".<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Coins of the Graeco-Indian sovereigns agathokleia, Strato I Soter, and Strato II Philopator|title=Corolla Numismatica|others=Numismatic essays in honour of Barclay V. Head. With a portrait and eighteen plates|place=Oxford|year=1906|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029768565#page/n269/mode/2up|first=E.J.|last=Rapson}} At the [[Internet Archive]].</ref><br> |
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'''Rev:''' [[Athena]] holding a thunderbolt. [[Kharoshthi]] legend: MAHARAJASA TRATARASA STRATASA, POTRASA CASA PRIYAPITA STRATASA "King Strato the Saviour, and his son/grandson Strato the Father-loving.</small> |
'''Rev:''' [[Athena]] holding a thunderbolt. [[Kharoshthi]] legend: MAHARAJASA TRATARASA STRATASA, POTRASA CASA PRIYAPITA STRATASA "King Strato the Saviour, and his son/grandson Strato the Father-loving.</small> |
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| reign =25 BCE – 10 CE |
| reign =25 BCE – 10 CE |
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|}} |
|}} |
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'''Strato III''' |
'''Strato III''' '''Philopator''' ({{langx|el|Στράτων Γ΄ Φιλοπάτωρ}}; epithet means "the Father-loving") was an [[Indo-Greek]] king who ruled c. 25 BCE to 10 CE. He is only known through the joint coins with his father [[Strato II]]. He may have been supplanted, in conjunction with his father or later as an independent king, by the [[Indo-Scythian]] [[Northern Satraps]], particularly [[Rajuvula]] and [[Bhadayasa]], whose coins were often copied. Strato was the last of the line of [[Diodotus I|Diodotus]] and independent [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] king to rule at his death in 10 AD.<ref name="Rosenfield">The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans, John M. Rosenfield, University of California Press, 1967, p.135 [https://books.google.com/books?id=udnBkQhzHH4C&pg=PA135]</ref><ref>R.C. Senior, ''Indo-Scythian coins and history. Volume IV''. The Greek legend clearly implies that the two kings were father and son, and Senior dismisses the older reading "grandson" on the Kharosthi legend.</ref> |
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==Coinage== |
==Coinage== |
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[[File:Rajuvula coin Northern Satrap with Greek legend and Athena Alkidemos.jpg|thumb|Coin of [[Northern Satrap]] [[Rajuvula]] (c. 10 CE), an imitation of Strato II, [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]].]] |
[[File:Rajuvula coin Northern Satrap with Greek legend and Athena Alkidemos.jpg|thumb|Coin of [[Northern Satrap]] [[Rajuvula]] (c. 10 CE), an imitation of Strato II, [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]].]] |
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{{main article|Northern Satraps}} |
{{main article|Northern Satraps}} |
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Subsequent Indo-Scythian rulers, who replaced the Stratos in their territories, designed their coins in direct imitation of those of Strato II and Strato III. This is the case of the [[Northern Satraps]], who ruled in the territories from [[Sagala]] in |
Subsequent Indo-Scythian rulers, who replaced the Stratos in their territories, designed their coins in direct imitation of those of Strato II and Strato III. This is the case of the [[Northern Satraps]], who ruled in the territories from [[Sagala]] in Eastern [[Punjab]] to [[Mathura]], such as [[Rajuvula]].<ref name="Rosenfield"/> |
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Just as the [[Yuezhi]] had copied the coins of the last [[Greco-Bactrian]] ruler [[Heliocles]] in [[Bactria]], or the [[Indo-Scythians]] had copied the coins of the last western [[Indo-Greek]] ruler [[Hermaios]] in the area of [[Kabul]], here again the [[Indo-Scythian]] Northern Satraps relied heavily on the numismatics of their predecessors.<ref name="Rosenfield"/> |
Just as the [[Yuezhi]] had copied the coins of the last [[Greco-Bactrian]] ruler [[Heliocles]] in [[Bactria]], or the [[Indo-Scythians]] had copied the coins of the last western [[Indo-Greek]] ruler [[Hermaios]] in the area of [[Kabul]], here again the [[Indo-Scythian]] Northern Satraps relied heavily on the numismatics of their predecessors.<ref name="Rosenfield"/> |
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{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.academia.edu/36359754/LES_ROIS_STRATON_II_LE_SAUVEUR_BA%CE%A3I%CE%9BE%CE%A3_%CE%A3THPO%CE%A3_%CE%A3TPATNO%CE%A3_ET_STRATON_III_PHILOPATOR_DU_PENDJAB_Par_Roger_COTTEREAU?s=t Les Rois Straton II et III] |
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* [http://coinindia.com/galleries-strato2.html Coin India Strato II and III] |
* [http://coinindia.com/galleries-strato2.html Coin India Strato II and III] |
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{{S-start}} |
{{S-start}} |
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{{S-bef|before=[[Strato II]]}} |
{{S-bef|before=[[Strato II]]}} |
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{{S-ttl|title=[[Indo-Greek# |
{{S-ttl|title=[[Indo-Greek#Indo-Greek kings: their coins, territories and chronology|Indo-Greek ruler]] <br/>(Eastern [[Punjab region|Punjab]])|years= 25 BCE – 10 CE}} |
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{{s-non|reason=No successor}} |
{{s-non|reason=No successor}} |
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{{end}} |
{{end}} |
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{{Hellenistic rulers}} |
{{Hellenistic rulers}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Strato Iii}} |
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[[Category:Indo-Greek kings]] |
[[Category:Indo-Greek kings]] |
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[[Category:1st-century BC rulers in Asia]] |
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[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]] |
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]] |
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[[Category:Euthydemid dynasty]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:54, 19 November 2024
| Strato III | |
|---|---|
 Coin of Strato II and Strato III. Obv: Probable bust of Strato II. Possible Greek legend: ΒΑϹΙΛΕΩΣ ϹΩΤΙΡΟϹ ϹΤΡΑΤΩΝΟϹ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΑ / ϹΤΡΑΤΩΝΟϹ "Of Kings Strato the Saviour and Strato the Father-loving".[1] Rev: Athena holding a thunderbolt. Kharoshthi legend: MAHARAJASA TRATARASA STRATASA, POTRASA CASA PRIYAPITA STRATASA "King Strato the Saviour, and his son/grandson Strato the Father-loving. | |
| King of Gandhara | |
| Reign | 25 BCE – 10 CE |
Strato III Philopator (Greek: Στράτων Γ΄ Φιλοπάτωρ; epithet means "the Father-loving") was an Indo-Greek king who ruled c. 25 BCE to 10 CE. He is only known through the joint coins with his father Strato II. He may have been supplanted, in conjunction with his father or later as an independent king, by the Indo-Scythian Northern Satraps, particularly Rajuvula and Bhadayasa, whose coins were often copied. Strato was the last of the line of Diodotus and independent Hellenistic king to rule at his death in 10 AD.[2][3]
Coinage
[edit]Strato III may also have issued coins on his own, but these are rare and unconfirmed.[4] A few silver coins with a different portrait and the inscription Strato Soter Dikaios ("the just") may also belong to Strato III as sole ruler, or to a fourth king named Strato.[5][n 1]
Just like the earlier king Strato I, Strato III is thought to belong to the dynasty of Menander I, who also used the epithet Soter and the symbol of standing Pallas Athena.
The chronology of the late Indo-Greek kingdom has been established by Bopearachchi and other scholars from numismatical evidence alone. The coins deteriorated continuously, the Strato coins being the most debased and crude in style, a striking contrast to earlier kings who struck some of the most beautiful coins of antiquity. The decay was due to the increasing pressure of the Indo-Scythian nomads on the remaining Greek pockets, as well as their long isolation from the rest of the Hellenistic world.
Strato II, Strato III and Strato Dikaios struck debased silver drachms, which as mentioned portray Pallas on the reverse. Strato II appears as an old man with a sunken jaw on some of his coins, which is not surprising given that his grandson was co-regent. Strato II also issued bronzes and even lead coins of the common type Apollo/tripod. On some of Strato II's silver drachms the letter sigma is written as C, a not uncommon trait on late Hellenistic coins in the east.
Imitations by Indo-Scythian rulers
[edit]
Subsequent Indo-Scythian rulers, who replaced the Stratos in their territories, designed their coins in direct imitation of those of Strato II and Strato III. This is the case of the Northern Satraps, who ruled in the territories from Sagala in Eastern Punjab to Mathura, such as Rajuvula.[2]
Just as the Yuezhi had copied the coins of the last Greco-Bactrian ruler Heliocles in Bactria, or the Indo-Scythians had copied the coins of the last western Indo-Greek ruler Hermaios in the area of Kabul, here again the Indo-Scythian Northern Satraps relied heavily on the numismatics of their predecessors.[2]
See also
[edit]Notes and references
[edit]Notes
- ^ Given that the coins of Strato I have lately been attributed to two different kings, there may actually have been as many as five kings named Strato.
References
- ^ Rapson, E.J. (1906). "Coins of the Graeco-Indian sovereigns agathokleia, Strato I Soter, and Strato II Philopator". Corolla Numismatica. Numismatic essays in honour of Barclay V. Head. With a portrait and eighteen plates. Oxford.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) At the Internet Archive. - ^ a b c The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans, John M. Rosenfield, University of California Press, 1967, p.135 [1]
- ^ R.C. Senior, Indo-Scythian coins and history. Volume IV. The Greek legend clearly implies that the two kings were father and son, and Senior dismisses the older reading "grandson" on the Kharosthi legend.
- ^ Coin India gallery Coin India Strato II and III
- ^ Senior, ibid.
Bibliography
[edit]- Whitehead, R.B. (1914). Catalogue of coins in the Punjab museum, Lahore. Vol. I Indo-Greek Coins. Oxford.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) At the Internet Archive.