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{{Short description|17th Century Bishop of Metz and Duke of Verneuil}}
{{Infobox officeholder|image=File:Henri_de_Bourbon,_duc_de_Verneuil.jpg|birth_date=3 November 1601|birth_place=[[Château de Vincennes]]|death_date=28 May 1682|father=[[Henry IV of France]]|mother=[[Catherine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues]]|office=[[Diocese of Metz|Bishop of Metz]]|term_start=1612|term_end=1652|office1=[[Duke of Verneuil]]|term_start1=1663|term_end1=1682}}
[[File:Portrait-de-Henry-de-Bourbon.jpeg|thumb|Portrait as bishop]]
[[File:Portrait-de-Henry-de-Bourbon.jpeg|thumb|Portrait as bishop]]
'''Gaston Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Verneuil''' (3 November 1601 – 28 May 1682), was the illegitimate son of King [[Henry IV of France]] and his mistress, [[Catherine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues]].<ref>Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred, ''The favourites of Henry of Navarre'', (The Gorham Press, 1910), 297.</ref> He was the [[Diocese of Metz|bishop of Metz]] from 1612 to 1652, despite not being ordained. In his early 50s he was displaced and had a career as a diplomat.
'''Gaston Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Verneuil''' (3 November 1601 – 28 May 1682), was the [[Diocese of Metz|bishop of Metz]] from 1612 to 1652, despite not being ordained. In his early 50s he was displaced and had a career as a diplomat.


==Biography==
==Biography==


Henri was born in the [[Château de Vincennes]] on 3 November 1601. His sister was Gabrielle Angelique, called Mlle de Verneuil (1603–1627), who married [[Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette d'Épernon|Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette]]. He was declared legitimate in 1603, at the age of two.
Henri was born in the [[Château de Vincennes]] on 3 November 1601, the illegitimate son of King [[Henry IV of France]] and his mistress, [[Catherine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues]].{{sfn|Cook|2018|p=159}} He was declared legitimate in 1603, at the age of two.


His half siblings included King [[Louis XIII of France]], [[Christine Marie of France|Duchess of Savoy]] and [[César, Duke of Vendôme|Duke of Vendôme]].
His sister was Gabrielle Angelique, called Mlle de Verneuil (1603–1627), married [[Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette d'Épernon|Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette]]. His half-siblings included King [[Louis XIII of France]], [[Christine of France|Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy]] and [[César, Duke of Vendôme]].


The bishopric of Metz was intended for him from infancy, but when Bishop Charles de Lorraine died in 1607, the Pope refused to appoint a young child of seven. The [[House of Lorraine]] had controlled the see since 1484, usually with a family member as bishop, which Paris was keen to bring to an end. The elderly [[Anne d'Escars de Givry]], [[bishop of Lisieux]], was appointed as placeholder bishop, and Henri was given an [[Expectative|expectative appointment]], in effect a reservation, plus a pension from the revenues, until he reached adult age.<ref name="julg">''Les évêques dans l’histoire de la France'', p264, Jean Julg, 2004, {{ISBN|2740311354}}</ref> [[Pope Paul V]] agreed to appoint him in 1612, after the death of d'Escars, at the request of Louis XIII, despite Henri being only 11 and not ordained. He was never ordained and never resided at Metz, appointing deputies to run diocesan affairs.<ref name="julg"/>
The bishopric of Metz was intended for him from infancy, but when Bishop [[Charles of Lorraine (bishop of Metz and Strasbourg)|Charles of Lorraine]] died in 1607, [[Pope Paul V]] refused to appoint a young child of seven. The [[House of Lorraine]] had controlled the see since 1484, usually with a family member as bishop, which Paris was keen to bring to an end. The elderly [[Anne d'Escars de Givry]], [[bishop of Lisieux]], was appointed as placeholder bishop, and Henri was given an [[Expectative|expectative appointment]], in effect a reservation, plus a pension from the revenues, until he reached adult age.<ref name="julg">''Les évêques dans l’histoire de la France'', p264, Jean Julg, 2004, {{ISBN|2740311354}}</ref> Pope Paul V agreed to appoint him in 1612, after the death of d'Escars, at the request of Louis XIII, despite Henri being only 11 and not ordained. He was never ordained and never resided at Metz, appointing deputies to run diocesan affairs.<ref name="julg"/>


He resigned as bishop in favour of [[Cardinal Mazarin]] in 1652, a move the Pope did not recognize, finally declaring him dismissed in 1659.<ref name="julg"/> He was knighted on 31 December 1661 and created [[duke of Verneuil]] in 1663. In 1665 he became ambassador to England and in 1666 was made governor of [[Languedoc]]. He married Charlotte (1622-1704), daughter of the chancellor [[Pierre Séguier]] and widow of Maximilien François de Bethune, 2nd Duke of Sully (1614–1661), on 29 October 1668, when he was 67 and she 46. He died without issue on 28 May 1682 at [[Château de Verneuil]].
He resigned as bishop in favour of [[Cardinal Mazarin]] in 1652, a move [[Pope Innocent X]] did not recognize. He was declared dismissed by [[Pope Alexander VII]] in 1659.<ref name="julg"/> He was knighted on 31 December 1661 and created [[duke of Verneuil]] in 1663. In 1665 he became ambassador to England and in 1666 was made governor of [[Languedoc]]. He married Charlotte (1622-1704), daughter of the chancellor [[Pierre Séguier]] and widow of Maximilien François de Bethune, 2nd Duke of Sully (1614–1661), on 29 October 1668, when he was 67 and she 46. He died without issue on 28 May 1682 at [[Château de Verneuil]].


==Ancestry==
==Ancestry==
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==References==
==References==
{{commonscat|Henri de Bourbon-Verneuil}}
{{commonscat|Henri, Duke of Verneuil}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title=The Young Descartes: Nobility, Rumor, and War |first=Harold J. |last=Cook |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2018 }}


{{Légitimés de France}}
{{Légitimés de France}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Henri of Verneuil, Duke}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Henri of Verneuil, Duke}}
[[Category:1601 births]]
[[Category:1682 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century peers of France]]
[[Category:17th-century French Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:17th-century French diplomats]]
[[Category:People from Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Dukes of Verneuil]]
[[Category:Dukes of Verneuil]]
[[Category:French knights]]
[[Category:French knights]]
[[Category:House of Bourbon (France)]]
[[Category:House of Bourbon (France)]]
[[Category:Illegitimate children of French monarchs]]
[[Category:Bishops of Metz]]
[[Category:Bishops of Metz]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Holy Spirit]]
[[Category:Illegitimate children of Henry IV of France]]
[[Category:1601 births]]
[[Category:Peers created by Louis XIV]]
[[Category:1682 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of France to the Kingdom of England]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]

Latest revision as of 16:24, 19 November 2024

Henri, Duke of Verneuil
Bishop of Metz
In office
1612–1652
Duke of Verneuil
In office
1663–1682
Personal details
Born3 November 1601
Château de Vincennes
Died28 May 1682
Parents
Portrait as bishop

Gaston Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Verneuil (3 November 1601 – 28 May 1682), was the bishop of Metz from 1612 to 1652, despite not being ordained. In his early 50s he was displaced and had a career as a diplomat.

Biography

[edit]

Henri was born in the Château de Vincennes on 3 November 1601, the illegitimate son of King Henry IV of France and his mistress, Catherine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues.[1] He was declared legitimate in 1603, at the age of two.

His sister was Gabrielle Angelique, called Mlle de Verneuil (1603–1627), married Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette. His half-siblings included King Louis XIII of France, Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy and César, Duke of Vendôme.

The bishopric of Metz was intended for him from infancy, but when Bishop Charles of Lorraine died in 1607, Pope Paul V refused to appoint a young child of seven. The House of Lorraine had controlled the see since 1484, usually with a family member as bishop, which Paris was keen to bring to an end. The elderly Anne d'Escars de Givry, bishop of Lisieux, was appointed as placeholder bishop, and Henri was given an expectative appointment, in effect a reservation, plus a pension from the revenues, until he reached adult age.[2] Pope Paul V agreed to appoint him in 1612, after the death of d'Escars, at the request of Louis XIII, despite Henri being only 11 and not ordained. He was never ordained and never resided at Metz, appointing deputies to run diocesan affairs.[2]

He resigned as bishop in favour of Cardinal Mazarin in 1652, a move Pope Innocent X did not recognize. He was declared dismissed by Pope Alexander VII in 1659.[2] He was knighted on 31 December 1661 and created duke of Verneuil in 1663. In 1665 he became ambassador to England and in 1666 was made governor of Languedoc. He married Charlotte (1622-1704), daughter of the chancellor Pierre Séguier and widow of Maximilien François de Bethune, 2nd Duke of Sully (1614–1661), on 29 October 1668, when he was 67 and she 46. He died without issue on 28 May 1682 at Château de Verneuil.

Ancestry

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henri, Duke of Verneuil.
  1. ^ Cook 2018, p. 159.
  2. ^ a b c Les évêques dans l’histoire de la France, p264, Jean Julg, 2004, ISBN 2740311354

Sources

[edit]
  • Cook, Harold J. (2018). The Young Descartes: Nobility, Rumor, and War. University of Chicago Press.
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