Radha Soami: Difference between revisions

Radha Soami
	Shiv Dayal Singh, a.k.a. Soami Ji Maharaj
Total population
	c. 3,000,000
Founder
	Shiv Dayal Singh (1861)
Regions with significant populations
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Beas, Punjab, India
Religions
	Sant Mat (non-denominational)
Scriptures
	Sar Bachan
Languages
	Hindi • Punjabi • English

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Rādhā Soāmī Mat or Sant Mat is a spiritual tradition or faith founded by Shiv Dayal Singh in January 1861 on Basant Panchami Day in Agra, India.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Shiv Dayal Singh's parents were Vaishnava Hindus,^[8] followers of Guru Nanak of Sikhism, and were also followers of a spiritual guru from Hathras named Tulsi Sahib. Shiv Dayal Singh was influenced by the teachings of Tulsi Sahib, who taught Surat Shabd Yog (which is defined by Radha Soami teachers as “union of the soul with the divine, inner sound”); guru bhakti (“devotion to the master”); and high moral living, including a strict lacto-vegetarian diet. Shiv Dayal Singh frequently accompanied Tulsi Saheb, but did not take initiation from him. The movement does not promote celibacy, and most of the masters in its various lineages have been married. The teachings seem to be related to forms of 18th- and 19th-century esoteric mysticism that were circulating at the time in northern India. The founding date of the movement is considered to be 1861 when Shiv Dayal Singh began publicly to give discourses.^[9]^[10]

As per some subtraditions, it derives its name from the word Radha Soami means Lord of the Soul. "Radha Soami" is used to indicate towards Shiv Dayal Singh.^[11] The followers of Shiv Dayal Singh used to consider him the Living Master and incarnation of Radhasoami Dayal. After his death, Salig Ram and his other followers started the Radha Soami movement, which later got separated into different branches/denominations, including the Radha Soami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra, Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh, Radhasoami Satsang Pipal Mandi, and Radha Swami Satsang Dinod.

Nomenclature

According to Mark Juergensmeyer, the term Radha Soami literally refers to Radha as the soul and Soami (swami, lord).^[12] According to Salig Ram, quotes Juergensmeyer, these terms are symbolic and mean "master of energy", derived from the Vaishnava understanding of "Radha as the power of energy of God" (Shakti). It is a referent to the consciousness in a person and the cosmic energy source, states Juergensmeyer.^[12]

The writings of Shiv Dayal Singh, Sar Bachan, use the term Sat Nam, rather than Radha Soami. The gurus and the tradition that followed him used the term Radha Soami during the initiation rites, meditation practices and as mutual greeting. This has led to the fellowship being commonly called Radha Soami.^[12] In some subtraditions of Radha Soami, states Lucy DuPertuis, the guru's charisma is considered as the "formless absolute", being in his presence is equivalent to experiencing the incarnation of the Satguru, the guru is identified as the Radha Soami.^[13]

Founder

The Radha Soami tradition can be traced back to the spiritual master Shiv Dayal Singh (honorifically titled Soami Ji Maharaj) who was born on August 25, 1818, in the north Indian city of Agra. His parents were followers of Guru Nanak of Sikhism and a spiritual guru Tulsi Saheb from Hathras. After completing his education, Shiv Dayal Singh gained employment as a Persian language translator, left that role and spent increasing amount of his time to religious pursuits. He was influenced by the teachings of Tulsi Sahib of Hathras, who taught Surat Shabd Yoga (which is defined by Radha Soami teachers as “union of the soul with the divine, inner sound”); guru bhakti (“devotion to the master”); and high moral living, including a strict lacto-vegetarian diet. He accompanied Tulsi Saheb a lot. He did not take initiation from him, however. The founding date of the movement is considered to be 1861 when Shiv Dayal Singh began publicly to give discourses.^[9]^[14]

Successors and branches

Radha Soami fellowships and sects have featured gurus from many parts of the world.

Param Purush Puran Dhani Soamiji Maharaj (Shiv Dayal Singh) , the Incarnation of Radhasoami Dayal, Who declared Satang open to all by a proclamation 150 years ago (Basant Panchami,1861), became the Primal Founder of the Radhasoami Faith. But even from the time of his departure, some differences presented to surface. He had given a special authority to some of His followers whereby they could give initiations into Radhasoami Faith in their respective regions. Among such select personalities Baba Jaimal Singh was one in whose name, some time later, his successor-disciple Savan Singh Sahab established Dera Jaimal Singh, Beas. Baba Jaimal Singh used to come to Satsang during the time of not only Param Purush Puran Dhani Soamiji Maharaj but also during the time of Param Guru Huzur Maharaj (Rai Saligram Sahab) and to a large extent, during the time of Maharaj Sahab (Mishra Sahab)also. But when the Central Administrative Council was established and the accounts of properties were being called and information was sought as to who were the persons initiated, he did not like this idea and gradually became separated from Radhasoami Satsang Agra (then Allahabad) and began to organize their tradition in an independent way. But they maintained the basic teachings of Radhasoami Faith intact and they have not changed the method of practice of Surat Shabda Yoga. And then, after the departure of Maharaj Sahab, the dissenting members of Allahabad formed into a separate group who came to be known later as Soamibagh Satsang with only a following of five Branches from among 116 Branches existing at that time while the main lot followed Param Guru Sarkar Sahab(Kamta Prasad Sinha Sahab) Who commanded the support of all other Branches (i.e. 111 out of 116) and were said to belong to Ghazipur Satsang at that's time and later after the establish ment of headquarters became known as Dayalbagh Satsang. ^[15]

After Shiv Dayal Singh 's death in 1878 he was succeeded by several disciples, including his wife Narayan Devi (“Radhaji”); his brother Partap Singh (“Chachaji Saheb”); Sanmukh Das (appointed head of the sadhus); the army havildar/sergeant Baba Jaimal Singh, Gharib Das of Delhi; and the postmaster general of the Northwest provinces, Salig Ram (alias Rai Salig Ram), each of whom started their own distinct centers. According to some scholars, Shiv Dayal Singh passed leadership to Salig Ram.^[16] After their deaths, multiple followers were claimed to be the rightful heirs, and this eventually led to a large proliferation of various masters and satsangs (“fellowships”) throughout India that were regarded by their followers to be the true manifestations of Shiv Dayal Singh and his teachings, described as Sant Mat (“the path of the saints”).^[17]

The masters gave birth to over 20 lineages (guru-shishya traditions), most of which already disappeared.^[3]^[17] The most famous living branches are Radha Soami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra, Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh, and Ruhani Satsang.^[3]

The largest branch is the Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB) with the headquarters in Beas City, established by one of Shiv Dayal Singh 's disciples, Jaimal Singh, in the North Indian state of Punjab in the 1891, who practised Surat Shabd Yoga on the bank of river Beas.^[18]^[3] The Beas has grown enormously over the decades under the guiding hands of each subsequent successor (from Sawan Singh to Sardar Bahadur Maharaj Jagat Singh and Maharaj Charan Singh to the current master, Gurinder Singh). There are estimated to be two million initiates of the Beas masters worldwide. The one of a split the Beas is Dera Sacha Sauda (1948) led by Mastana Balochistani.^[19]

In Agra, the birthplace of the movement, there are three main satsang centers of branches. The Radha Soami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra with center at Soami Bagh occupies the original site in Agra, where a large memorial tomb is being built to honor the movement founder, and administered by the Central Administrative Council which established by second successor Maharaj Saheb in 1902.^[3]^[14] The second center is Peepal Mandi, which was founded by Rai Salig Ram who was then succeeded by his son, grandson, and currently his great-grandson, Agam Prasad Mathur. And the largest of the Agra-based branches is Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh with center at Dayalbagh, which is located across the street from Soami Bagh. This branch was founded in 1907 at Ghazipur by Kamta Prasad Sinha and in 1913 the headquarters were moved to Agra,^[3] it has flourished under the following leadership of Anand Sarup, Gurcharandas Mehta, Dr. M.B. Lal Sahab, and most recently as of this date Prof. Prem Saran Satsangi.

The Ruhani Satsang (a.k.a. Kirpal Light Satsang) in Delhi, founded by Kirpal Singh, a disciple of the Beas master, Sawan Singh, became popular in the United States under the leadership of Thakar Singh.^[1]^[3]^[14] The Ruhani Satsang followed by the Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission and its international organization Science of Spirituality (SOS), founded by Kipral Singh's son.^[1]

Other Radha Soami subtraditions and groups that have garnered a significant following include Manavta Mandir, established by Baba Faqir Chand in 1962 at Hoshiarpur in the Punjab; the Tarn Taran satsang founded by Bagga Singh; Radha Swami Satsang Dinod, founded by Param Sant Tarachand Ji Maharaj (Bade Maharaj Ji), current master Param Sant Huzur Kanwar Saheb Ji Maharaj and several others scattered through North and South India.^[14]

In addition, there are Radha Soami-influenced, derived from the Radha Soami often westernized groups but denies their connection, namely the Eckankar led by Paul Twitchell (a former disciple of Kirpal Singh), the similar American syncretistic Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness of John-Roger Hinkins, the linked to the Beas Elan Vital (formerly Divine Light Mission), established by Hans Maharaj, and "Quan Yin method" of Ching Hai (a female student of Thakar Singh).^[1]^[16]^[14]

List of notable gurus

General founder

Shiv Dayal Singh

Radha Soami subtraditions

Radha Soami Satsang Beas lineage


Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh lineage-

Param Guru Soami Ji Maharaj (1818-1878)

Param Guru Huzur Maharaj (1829-1898)

Param Guru Maharaj Sahab (1861-1907)

Param Guru Sarkar Sahab (1871-1913)

Param Guru Sahab Ji Maharaj (1881-1937)

Param Guru Mehta Ji Maharaj (1885-1975)

Param Guru Lal Sahab (1907-2002)

Param Guru Satsangi Sahab (1937-Present)


Satsang (Deoghar) Lineage -
Soami Ji Maharaj

Maharaj Sahab

Anukulchandra (Sri Sri Thakur Anukulchandra )

Shabd Pratap Satsang Lineage

Soami Ji Maharaj

Chacha Ji Maharaj

Data Dayal Ji Maharaj

Jay Gurudev Satsang Lineage

Soami Ji Maharaj

Garib Das

Jai Baba Gurudev

Ruhani Satsang lineage

Manavta Mandir

Others

Maharishi Shiv Brat Lal

Radha Soami-related groups

Dera Sacha Sauda

Elan Vital

Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness

John-Roger Hinkins

Science of Spirituality

Others

Ching Hai

Beliefs and practices

To the Radhasoamis, six elements form the framework of their sect:^[20]

a living guru (someone as locus of trust and truth),
bhajan (remembering Sat Nam, other practices believed to be transformative),
satsang (fellowship, community),
seva (serve others without expecting anything in return),
kendra (community organization, shrine), and
bhandara (large community gathering).

The Radha Soami Satsang believes that living gurus are necessary for a guided spiritual life.^[2] They do not install the Guru Granth Sahib ji or any other scriptures in their sanctum, as they consider it ritualistic opposing the fundamental sikh beliefs. Instead, the proclaimed guru sits in the sanctum with the satsang (group of faithfuls) and they listen to preachings from the Adi Granth and sing hymns together.^[2] They believe in social equality, forbid caste distinctions and have also attracted Dalits to their tradition. They are active outside India too.^[2]

They are active in charitable work such as providing free medical services and help to the needy. They do not believe in orthodox Sikh ritual practices such as covering one's head inside the temple or removing shoes, nor do they serve karah prasad (offering) at the end of prayers.^[2] Their basic practices include Surat Shabd Yoga (meditation on inner light and sound), initiation of disciple into the path by a living guru, obedience to the guru, a moral life that is defined by abstinence from meat, drugs, alcohol and sex outside marriage. They also believe that jivanmukti or inner liberation is possible during one's lifetime with guidance of the living guru.^[21] However, some of these practices vary depending on the branches of the Radha Soami sect (Beas, Dayalbagh, Dinod).

Vegetarianism

The Radha Soami are strict lacto-vegetarians for ethical and spiritual reasons.^[22] They do not consume eggs, meat, seafood or alcohol.^[23] In Radhasoami vegetarianism, all life forms are respected and meat is considered unethical. Meat is also said to produce bad karma from those who slaughter the animal and those who buy and consume the products.^[22]

Radha Soami hold the view that eggs are essentially a fetus whether they are fertilized or not; thus are non-vegetarian. Eggs and meat are believed to incite animal instincts and impair spiritual growth.^[22]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Zoccarelli, Pierluigi (2006). "Radhasoami movements". In Clarke, Peter B. (ed.). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge. pp. 507–509. ISBN 9-78-0-415-26707-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Kalsi, Sewa Singh (2005). Sikhism. Religions of the World. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-7910-8098-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Radhasoami Movement". Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor. New York: Facts On File. pp. 344–345. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
^ Singh Ji Maharaj 1934.
^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (1991). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01092-7. p. 90 note 5, Quote: "The date of Seth Shiv Dayal's first public discourse is Basant Panchami Day, February 15, 1861".
^ Lorenzen, David N. (1995). Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action. State University of New York Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-7914-2025-6., Quote: "The movement traces its origins to Seth Shiv Dayal Singh, who began his public ministry in Agra in 1861."
^ Sehar, Munshi Iqbal Verma (1903–1942). Nigam, Daya Narain (ed.). "ہندوستان سے اُپجے دیگر دھرم (بُدھ/جین/سِکھ/ رادھا سوامی)". Risālah-e-Zamānah Kānpūr (in Urdu). 19: 158. OCLC 32778733.
^ "Shiva Dayal Saheb | Indian Philosopher, Spiritual Teacher, Guru | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b Juergensmeyer 1991, pp. 15–19, 38–42 with footnotes.
^ Juergensmeyer, Mark; Lane, David Christopher (24 May 2018). "Radhasoami Tradition". oxfordbibliographies.com. Oxford Bibliographies. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195399318-0203.
^ Saarbachan Radhasoami Vartik.
^ ^a ^b ^c Juergensmeyer 1991, pp. 41–42 with footnotes, Quote: "The word Radhasoami literally refers to lord (swami) of his Souls., Radha" (p. 41); "The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42).
^ DuPertuis, Lucy (1986). "How People Recognize Charisma: The Case of Darshan in Radhasoami and Divine Light Mission". Sociological Analysis. 47 (2). Oxford University Press: 111–124. doi:10.2307/3711456. JSTOR 3711456., Quote: "Various branches of Radhasoami have argued about the incarnationalism of Radhasoami Dayak (Lane, 1981)”
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Juergensmeyer, Mark; Lane, David Christopher (24 May 2018). "Radhasoami Tradition". oxfordbibliographies.com. Oxford Bibliographies. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195399318-0203.
^ "Bicentennial Celebration of the Founding of the Radhasoami Faith, August 24th". Sant Mat Radhasoami. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
^ ^a ^b Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Sant Mat movement". Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor. New York: Facts On File. pp. 383–384. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b Lane, David Christopher (1992). The Radhasoami tradition: a critical history of guru successorship. Sects and cults in America, Bibliographical guides, v. 14; Garland reference library of social science, v. 623. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8240-5247-8. OCLC 26013140.
^ Juergensmeyer 1991, pp. 16–17 with footnotes.
^ Lane, David Christopher (12 December 2015). "Split i the Radha Soami Movement". Sach Khand: The Journal of Radhasoami Studies (10): 11. ISBN 9781329755628.
^ Juergensmeyer 1991, pp. 11–12, 40–42.
^ Lewis, James R. (2002). Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Amherst, NY: Prometheus. pp. 590–592. ISBN 978-1-61592-738-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c Juergensmeyer, Mark. (1991). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton University Press. pp. 129-131. ISBN 0-691-07378-3
^ Lewis, James R. (1998). The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Prometheus Books. p. 394. ISBN 1-57392-222-6

Primary sources

Singh Ji Maharaj, Seth Shiv Dayal (1934). Sar Bachan: An abstract of the teachings of Soami Ji Maharaj, the founder of the Radha Soami system of philosophy and spiritual science: The yoga of the Sound Current. Translated by Seva Singh and Julian Johnson from Hindi to English (9th ed.). Beas: Radha Soami Satsang Beas.

External links

Radha Soami-related groups

[Zoccarelli-1] Zoccarelli, Pierluigi (2006). "Radhasoami movements". In Clarke, Peter B. (ed.). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge. pp. 507–509. ISBN 9-78-0-415-26707-6.

[Kalsi2005-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Kalsi, Sewa Singh (2005). Sikhism. Religions of the World. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-7910-8098-6.

[JonesRyan-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Radhasoami Movement". Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor. New York: Facts On File. pp. 344–345. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.

[FOOTNOTESingh_Ji_Maharaj1934-4] Singh Ji Maharaj 1934.

[Juergensmeyer1991-5] Juergensmeyer, Mark (1991). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01092-7. p. 90 note 5, Quote: "The date of Seth Shiv Dayal's first public discourse is Basant Panchami Day, February 15, 1861".

[Lorenzen-6] Lorenzen, David N. (1995). Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action. State University of New York Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-7914-2025-6., Quote: "The movement traces its origins to Seth Shiv Dayal Singh, who began his public ministry in Agra in 1861."

[7] Sehar, Munshi Iqbal Verma (1903–1942). Nigam, Daya Narain (ed.). "ہندوستان سے اُپجے دیگر دھرم (بُدھ/جین/سِکھ/ رادھا سوامی)". Risālah-e-Zamānah Kānpūr (in Urdu). 19: 158. OCLC 32778733.

[8] "Shiva Dayal Saheb | Indian Philosopher, Spiritual Teacher, Guru | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.

[FOOTNOTEJuergensmeyer199115–19,_38–42_with_footnotes-9] Juergensmeyer 1991, pp. 15–19, 38–42 with footnotes.

[oxfordbibliographies2-10] Juergensmeyer, Mark; Lane, David Christopher (24 May 2018). "Radhasoami Tradition". oxfordbibliographies.com. Oxford Bibliographies. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195399318-0203.

[11] Saarbachan Radhasoami Vartik.

[FOOTNOTEJuergensmeyer199141–42_with_footnotesQuote:_"The_word_Radhasoami_literally_refers_to_lord_(swami)_of_his_Souls.,_Radha"_(p._41);_"The_Beas_group_translates_Radhasoami_as_'lord_of_the_soul'_(p._42)-12] Juergensmeyer 1991, pp. 41–42 with footnotes, Quote: "The word Radhasoami literally refers to lord (swami) of his Souls., Radha" (p. 41); "The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42).

[DuPertuis-13] DuPertuis, Lucy (1986). "How People Recognize Charisma: The Case of Darshan in Radhasoami and Divine Light Mission". Sociological Analysis. 47 (2). Oxford University Press: 111–124. doi:10.2307/3711456. JSTOR 3711456., Quote: "Various branches of Radhasoami have argued about the incarnationalism of Radhasoami Dayak (Lane, 1981)”

[oxfordbibliographies-14] Juergensmeyer, Mark; Lane, David Christopher (24 May 2018). "Radhasoami Tradition". oxfordbibliographies.com. Oxford Bibliographies. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195399318-0203.

[15] "Bicentennial Celebration of the Founding of the Radhasoami Faith, August 24th". Sant Mat Radhasoami. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2024.

[JonesRyan2-16] Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Sant Mat movement". Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor. New York: Facts On File. pp. 383–384. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.

[Lane1992-17] Lane, David Christopher (1992). The Radhasoami tradition: a critical history of guru successorship. Sects and cults in America, Bibliographical guides, v. 14; Garland reference library of social science, v. 623. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8240-5247-8. OCLC 26013140.

[FOOTNOTEJuergensmeyer199116–17_with_footnotes-18] Juergensmeyer 1991, pp. 16–17 with footnotes.

[19] Lane, David Christopher (12 December 2015). "Split i the Radha Soami Movement". Sach Khand: The Journal of Radhasoami Studies (10): 11. ISBN 9781329755628.

[FOOTNOTEJuergensmeyer199111–12,_40–42-20] Juergensmeyer 1991, pp. 11–12, 40–42.

[Lewis2002-21] Lewis, James R. (2002). Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Amherst, NY: Prometheus. pp. 590–592. ISBN 978-1-61592-738-8.

[Juergensmeyer_1991-22] Juergensmeyer, Mark. (1991). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton University Press. pp. 129-131. ISBN 0-691-07378-3

[23] Lewis, James R. (1998). The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Prometheus Books. p. 394. ISBN 1-57392-222-6

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|Religious fellowship related to Sikhism and Hinduism}}
+{{Short description|Sant Mat–based spiritual movement or faith}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
 {{Infobox religious group
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 | population    = {{ca}} 3,000,000<ref name="Zoccarelli" />
 | founder       = [[Shiv Dayal Singh]] (1861)<ref name="Kalsi2005" /><ref name="JonesRyan" />
-| religions     = [[Contemporary Sant Mat movements|Sant Mat]]
+| religions     = [[Sant Mat]] ([[non-denominational]])
-| scriptures    = ''Sar Bachan''{{sfn|Singh|1934}}
+| scriptures    = ''Sar Bachan''{{sfn|Singh Ji Maharaj|1934}}
 | languages     = [[Hindi]]{{•}}[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]{{•}}[[English language|English]]
 | regions       =
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 | notes         =
 }}
-'''Radha Soami''' is a [[sampradaya|spiritual tradition]] founded by [[Shiv Dayal Singh]] in 1861 on [[Basant Panchami]] Day in [[Agra]], India.<ref name="Zoccarelli">{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Zoccarelli |given=Pierluigi |year=2006 |title=Radhasoami movements |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements |editor-surname=Clarke |editor-given=Peter B. |editor-link=Peter B. Clarke |place=London; New York |publisher=Routledge |pages=507–509 |isbn=9-78-0-415-26707-6}}</ref><ref name="Kalsi2005">{{cite book |surname=Kalsi |given=Sewa Singh |title=Sikhism |series=Religions of the World |place=Philadelphia |publisher=Chelsea House Publishers |url={{Google books|YOI1nB_zTyAC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2005 |isbn=0-7910-8098-6 |pages=12–13}}</ref><ref name="JonesRyan">{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Jones |given=Constance A. |surname2=Ryan |given2=James D. |title=Radhasoami Movement |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url={{Google books|OgMmceadQ3gC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2007 |place=New York |publisher=Facts On File |isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9 |series=Encyclopedia of World Religions. [[J. Gordon Melton]], Series Editor |archive-url=https://archive.org/stream/ConstanceA.JonesJamesD.RyanEncyclopediaOfHinduism/Constance%20A.%20Jones%2C%20James%20D.%20Ryan%20Encyclopedia%20Of%20Hinduism_djvu.txt |archive-date=2016-12-20 |url-status=live |pages=344–345}}</ref><ref name="Juergensmeyer1991">{{cite book |surname=Juergensmeyer |given=Mark |authorlink=Mark Juergensmeyer |title=Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith |place=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1991 |url={{Google books|slX3eRycszMC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |isbn=0-691-01092-7}} p.&nbsp;90 note 5, Quote: "The date of Seth Shiv Dayal's first public discourse is Basant Panchami Day, February 15, 1861".</ref><ref name="Lorenzen">{{cite book |surname=Lorenzen |given=David N. |title=Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action |url={{Google books|rpSxJg_ehnIC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|year=1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-2025-6 |page=67}}, Quote: "The movement traces its origins to Seth Shiv Dayal Singh, who began his public ministry in Agra in 1861."</ref>
+'''Rādhā Soāmī Mat''' or '''Sant Mat''' is a [[sampradaya|spiritual tradition or faith]] founded by [[Shiv Dayal Singh]] in January 1861 on [[Basant Panchami]] Day in [[Agra]], India.<ref name="Zoccarelli">{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Zoccarelli |given=Pierluigi |year=2006 |title=Radhasoami movements |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements |editor-surname=Clarke |editor-given=Peter B. |editor-link=Peter B. Clarke |place=London; New York |publisher=Routledge |pages=507–509 |isbn=9-78-0-415-26707-6}}</ref><ref name="Kalsi2005">{{cite book |surname=Kalsi |given=Sewa Singh |title=Sikhism |series=Religions of the World |place=Philadelphia |publisher=Chelsea House Publishers |url={{Google books|YOI1nB_zTyAC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2005 |isbn=0-7910-8098-6 |pages=12–13}}</ref><ref name="JonesRyan">{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Jones |given=Constance A. |surname2=Ryan |given2=James D. |title=Radhasoami Movement |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url={{Google books|OgMmceadQ3gC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2007 |place=New York |publisher=Facts On File |isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9 |series=Encyclopedia of World Religions. [[J. Gordon Melton]], Series Editor |archive-url=https://archive.org/stream/ConstanceA.JonesJamesD.RyanEncyclopediaOfHinduism/Constance%20A.%20Jones%2C%20James%20D.%20Ryan%20Encyclopedia%20Of%20Hinduism_djvu.txt |archive-date=2016-12-20 |url-status=live |pages=344–345}}</ref><ref name="Juergensmeyer1991">{{cite book |surname=Juergensmeyer |given=Mark |authorlink=Mark Juergensmeyer |title=Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith |place=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1991 |url={{Google books|slX3eRycszMC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |isbn=0-691-01092-7}} p.&nbsp;90 note 5, Quote: "The date of Seth Shiv Dayal's first public discourse is Basant Panchami Day, February 15, 1861".</ref><ref name="Lorenzen">{{cite book |surname=Lorenzen |given=David N. |title=Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action |url={{Google books|rpSxJg_ehnIC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|year=1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-2025-6 |page=67}}, Quote: "The movement traces its origins to Seth Shiv Dayal Singh, who began his public ministry in Agra in 1861."</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sehar |first=Munshi Iqbal Verma |year=1903–1942 |editor-last=Nigam |editor-first=Daya Narain |editor-link=Daya Narain Nigam |title=ہندوستان سے اُپجے دیگر دھرم (بُدھ/جین/سِکھ/ رادھا سوامی) |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/hindustan-se-upje-deegar-dharm-budh-jain-sikh-radha-swami-volume-004-radha-swami-sahay-ebooks?lang=ur |journal=Risālah-e-Zamānah Kānpūr |language=ur |volume=19 |page=158 |oclc=32778733}}</ref>
-His parents were [[Nanakpanthi]], followers of [[Guru Nanak]] of [[Sikhism]], and were also followers of a spiritual guru from [[Hathras]] named Tulsi Sahib. Shiv Dayal Singh was influenced by the teachings of Tulsi Sahib, who taught [[Surat Shabd Yoga]] (which is defined by Radha Soami teachers as “union of the soul with the divine, inner sound”); guru [[bhakti]] (“devotion to the master”); and high moral living, including a strict lacto-vegetarian diet. Shiv Dayal Singh frequently accompanied Tulsi Saheb, but did not take initiation from him. The movement does not promote celibacy, and most of the masters in its various lineages have been married. The teachings seem to be related to forms of 18th- and 19th-century esoteric mysticism that were circulating at the time in northern India. The founding date of the movement is considered to be 1861 when Shiv Dayal Singh  began publicly to give discourses.{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=15–19, 38–42 with footnotes}}<ref name="oxfordbibliographies2">{{cite web|author=Juergensmeyer, Mark|author2=Lane, David Christopher|date=May 24, 2018|title=Radhasoami Tradition|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399318/obo-9780195399318-0203.xml|website=oxfordbibliographies.com|publisher=Oxford Bibliographies|doi=10.1093/OBO/9780195399318-0203|authorlink=Mark Juergensmeyer|authorlink2=David C. Lane}}</ref>
+Shiv Dayal Singh's parents were [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] [[Hindus]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-09 |title=Shiva Dayal Saheb {{!}} Indian Philosopher, Spiritual Teacher, Guru {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shiva-Dayal-Saheb |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> followers of [[Guru Nanak]] of [[Sikhism]], and were also followers of a spiritual guru from [[Hathras]] named [[Tulsi Sahib]]. Shiv Dayal Singh was influenced by the teachings of Tulsi Sahib, who taught [[Surat Shabd Yoga|Surat Shabd Yog]] (which is defined by Radha Soami teachers as “union of the soul with the divine, inner sound”); guru [[bhakti]] (“devotion to the master”); and high moral living, including a strict lacto-vegetarian diet. Shiv Dayal Singh frequently accompanied Tulsi Saheb, but did not take initiation from him. The movement does not promote celibacy, and most of the masters in its various lineages have been married. The teachings seem to be related to forms of 18th- and 19th-century esoteric mysticism that were circulating at the time in northern India. The founding date of the movement is considered to be 1861 when Shiv Dayal Singh began publicly to give discourses.{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=15–19, 38–42 with footnotes}}<ref name="oxfordbibliographies2">{{cite web|author=Juergensmeyer, Mark|author2=Lane, David Christopher|date=May 24, 2018|title=Radhasoami Tradition|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399318/obo-9780195399318-0203.xml|website=oxfordbibliographies.com|publisher=Oxford Bibliographies|doi=10.1093/OBO/9780195399318-0203|authorlink=Mark Juergensmeyer|authorlink2=David C. Lane}}</ref>
-As per some subtraditions, it derives its name from the word ''Radha Soami'' means Lord of the Soul. "Radha Soami" is used to indicate towards Shiv Dayal Singh.<ref>''Saarbachan Radhasoami Vartik''.</ref> The followers of Shiv Dayal Singh  used to consider him the [[Living Master]] and incarnation of God (Lord [[Vishnu]]/[[Krishna]])<ref name="DuPertuis">{{cite journal |last=DuPertuis | first=Lucy | title=How People Recognize Charisma: The Case of Darshan in Radhasoami and Divine Light Mission | journal=Sociological Analysis | publisher=Oxford University Press | volume=47 | issue=2 | date=1986 | doi=10.2307/3711456 | pages=111–124| jstor=3711456}}, Quote: "Various branches of Radhasoami have argued about the incarnationalism of Satguru (Lane, 1981). Guru Maharaj Ji has accepted it and identifies with Krishna and other incarnations of Vishnu."</ref> After his death, [[Salig Ram]] and his other followers started the Radha Soami movement, which later got separated into different branches/denominations, including the Radha Soami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra, [[Radha Soami Satsang Beas]], [[Radha Soami Satsang Sabha|Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh]], and [[Radha Swami Satsang, Dinod|Radha Swami Satsang Dinod]].
+As per some subtraditions, it derives its name from the word ''Radha Soami'' means Lord of the Soul. "Radha Soami" is used to indicate towards Shiv Dayal Singh.<ref>''Saarbachan Radhasoami Vartik''.</ref> The followers of Shiv Dayal Singh  used to consider him the [[Living Master]] and incarnation of Radhasoami Dayal. After his death, [[Salig Ram]] and his other followers started the Radha Soami movement, which later got separated into different branches/denominations, including the Radha Soami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra, [[Radha Soami Satsang Beas]], [[Radha Soami Satsang Sabha|Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh]], Radhasoami Satsang Pipal Mandi, and [[Radha Swami Satsang, Dinod|Radha Swami Satsang Dinod]].
 ==Nomenclature==
-According to Mark Juergensmeyer, the term Radha Soami literally refers to Radha as [[Soul|the soul]] and ''Soami'' (''swami'', lord).{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=41–42 with footnotes|loc=Quote: "The word Radhasoami literally refers to lord (swami) of his Souls., Radha" (p. 41); "The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42)}} According to [[Salig Ram]], quotes Juergensmeyer, these terms are symbolic and mean "master of energy", derived from the Vaishnava understanding of "Radha as the power of energy of God" ([[Shakti]]). It is a referent to the consciousness in a person and the cosmic energy source, states Juergensmeyer.{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=41–42 with footnotes|loc=Quote: "The word Radhasoami literally refers to lord (swami) of his Souls., Radha" (p. 41); "The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42)}} However, the founder Shri Shiv Dayal Singh  himself never used the term. According to some other scholars, the name is derived from Shiv Dayal Singh's wife. His wife Narayani Devi was nicknamed Radha Ji by his followers.<ref>''Jeevan Charitra Soami Ji Maharaj''.</ref> So, being the husband (Soami Ji Maharaj) of Radha Ji (Narayani Devi), Shiv Dayal Singh was named Radha Soami.
+According to Mark Juergensmeyer, the term Radha Soami literally refers to Radha as [[Soul|the soul]] and ''Soami'' (''swami'', lord).{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=41–42 with footnotes|loc=Quote: "The word Radhasoami literally refers to lord (swami) of his Souls., Radha" (p. 41); "The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42)}} According to [[Salig Ram]], quotes Juergensmeyer, these terms are symbolic and mean "master of energy", derived from the Vaishnava understanding of "Radha as the power of energy of God" ([[Shakti]]). It is a referent to the consciousness in a person and the cosmic energy source, states Juergensmeyer.{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=41–42 with footnotes|loc=Quote: "The word Radhasoami literally refers to lord (swami) of his Souls., Radha" (p. 41); "The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42)}}
-The writings of Shiv Dayal Singh, ''Sar Bachan'', use the term ''[[Satnam|Sat Nam]]'', rather than Radha Soami. The gurus and the tradition that followed him used the term Radha Soami during the initiation rites, meditation practices and as mutual greeting. This has led to the fellowship being commonly called Radha Soami.{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=41–42 with footnotes|loc=Quote: "The word Radhasoami literally refers to lord (swami) of his Souls., Radha" (p. 41); "The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42)}} In some subtraditions of Radha Soami, states Lucy DuPertuis, the guru's charisma is considered as the "formless absolute", being in his presence is equivalent to experiencing the incarnation of the [[Satguru]], the guru is identified as the Radha Soami.<ref name="DuPertuis" />
+The writings of Shiv Dayal Singh, ''Sar Bachan'', use the term ''[[Satnam|Sat Nam]]'', rather than Radha Soami. The gurus and the tradition that followed him used the term Radha Soami during the initiation rites, meditation practices and as mutual greeting. This has led to the fellowship being commonly called Radha Soami.{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=41–42 with footnotes|loc=Quote: "The word Radhasoami literally refers to lord (swami) of his Souls., Radha" (p. 41); "The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42)}} In some subtraditions of Radha Soami, states Lucy DuPertuis, the guru's charisma is considered as the "formless absolute", being in his presence is equivalent to experiencing the incarnation of the [[Satguru]], the guru is identified as the Radha Soami.<ref name="DuPertuis">{{cite journal |last=DuPertuis |first=Lucy |date=1986 |title=How People Recognize Charisma: The Case of Darshan in Radhasoami and Divine Light Mission |journal=Sociological Analysis |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=111–124 |doi=10.2307/3711456 |jstor=3711456}}, Quote: "Various branches of Radhasoami have argued about the incarnationalism of Radhasoami Dayak (Lane, 1981)” </ref>
 ==Founder==
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 | footer = Radha Soami fellowships and sects have featured gurus from many parts of the world.
 }}
+Param Purush Puran Dhani Soamiji Maharaj ([[Shiv Dayal Singh]]) , the Incarnation of Radhasoami Dayal, Who declared Satang open to all by a  proclamation 150 years ago (Basant Panchami,1861), became the Primal Founder of the Radhasoami Faith. But even from the time of his departure, some differences presented to surface. He had given a special authority to some of His followers whereby they could give initiations into Radhasoami Faith in their respective regions. Among such select personalities Baba [[Jaimal Singh]] was one in whose name, some time later, his successor-disciple Savan Singh Sahab established Dera Jaimal Singh, Beas. Baba Jaimal Singh used to come to Satsang during the time of not only Param Purush Puran Dhani Soamiji Maharaj but also during the time of Param Guru Huzur Maharaj (Rai [[Salig Ram|Saligram]] Sahab) and to a large extent, during the time of [[Maharaj Sahab]] (Mishra Sahab)also. But when the Central Administrative Council was established and the accounts of properties were being called and information was sought as to who were the persons initiated, he did not like this idea and gradually became separated from Radhasoami Satsang Agra (then Allahabad) and began to organize their tradition in an independent way. But they maintained the basic teachings of Radhasoami Faith intact and they have not changed the method of practice of [[Surat Shabd Yoga|Surat Shabda Yoga]]. And then, after the departure of Maharaj Sahab, the dissenting members of Allahabad formed into a separate group who came to be known later as Soamibagh Satsang with only a following of five Branches from among 116 Branches existing at that time while the main lot followed Param Guru Sarkar Sahab([[Kamta Prasad Sinha]] Sahab) Who commanded the support of all other Branches (i.e. 111 out of 116) and were said to belong to [[Radha Soami Satsang Sabha|Ghazipur Satsang]] at that's time and later after the establish ment of headquarters became known as [[Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh|Dayalbagh Satsang]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-05 |title=Bicentennial Celebration of the Founding of the Radhasoami Faith, August 24th |url=https://santmatradhasoami.wordpress.com/2017/07/05/bicentennial-celebration-of-the-founding-of-the-radhasoami-faith-august-24th/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=Sant Mat Radhasoami |language=en}}</ref>
 After Shiv Dayal Singh 's death in 1878 he was succeeded by several disciples, including his wife Narayan Devi (“Radhaji”); his brother Partap Singh (“Chachaji Saheb”); Sanmukh Das (appointed head of the sadhus); the army [[havildar]]/[[sergeant]] [[Baba Jaimal Singh]], Gharib Das of Delhi; and the postmaster general of the Northwest provinces, [[Salig Ram]] (alias Rai Salig Ram), each of whom started their own distinct centers. According to some scholars, Shiv Dayal Singh  passed leadership to Salig Ram.<ref name="JonesRyan2">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Sant Mat movement|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|publisher=Facts On File|place=New York|url={{Google books|OgMmceadQ3gC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|series=Encyclopedia of World Religions. [[J. Gordon Melton]], Series Editor|pages=383–384|isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9|archive-url=https://archive.org/stream/ConstanceA.JonesJamesD.RyanEncyclopediaOfHinduism/Constance%20A.%20Jones%2C%20James%20D.%20Ryan%20Encyclopedia%20Of%20Hinduism_djvu.txt|archive-date=2016-12-20|surname2=Ryan|given2=James D.|surname=Jones|given=Constance A.|url-status=live}}</ref> After their deaths, multiple followers were claimed to be the rightful heirs, and this eventually led to a large proliferation of various masters and [[satsang]]s (“fellowships”) throughout India that were regarded by their followers to be the true manifestations of Shiv Dayal Singh  and his teachings, described as Sant Mat (“the path of the saints”).<ref name="Lane1992">{{cite book |surname=Lane |given=David Christopher |authorlink=David C. Lane |year=1992 |title=The Radhasoami tradition: a critical history of guru successorship |series=Sects and cults in America, Bibliographical guides, v. 14; Garland reference library of social science, v. 623 |place=New York |publisher=Garland Publishing |isbn=978-0-8240-5247-8 |oclc=26013140}}</ref>
@@ Line 56: / Line 58: @@
 The largest branch is the Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB) with the headquarters in [[Beas City]], established by one of Shiv Dayal Singh 's disciples, [[Jaimal Singh]], in the North Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in the 1891, who practised [[Surat Shabd Yoga]] on the bank of river [[Beas River|Beas]].{{sfn|Juergensmeyer|1991|pp=16–17 with footnotes}}<ref name="JonesRyan" /> The Beas has grown enormously over the decades under the guiding hands of each subsequent successor (from [[Sawan Singh]] to [[Jagat Singh (Sant)|Sardar Bahadur Maharaj Jagat Singh]] and [[Charan Singh (Sant)|Maharaj Charan Singh]] to the current master, [[Gurinder Singh]]). There are estimated to be two million initiates of the Beas masters worldwide. The one of a split the Beas is [[Dera Sacha Sauda]] (1948) led by [[Mastana Balochistani]].<ref>{{cite journal |surname=Lane |given=David Christopher |authorlink=David C. Lane |title=Split i the Radha Soami Movement | journal=Sach Khand: The Journal of Radhasoami Studies |issue=10 |date=December 12, 2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5flCCwAAQBAJ&dq=Dera+Jagmalwali&pg=RA1-PA50 |page=11|isbn=9781329755628 }}</ref>
+[[File:DAYALBAGH GURU LINEAGE.jpg|thumb|DAYALBAGH GURU LINEAGE ]]
+In Agra, the birthplace of the movement, there are three main satsang centers of branches. The Radha Soami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra with center at Soami Bagh occupies the original site in Agra, where a large memorial tomb is being built to honor the movement founder, and administered by the Central Administrative Council which established by second successor [[Maharaj Sahab|Maharaj Saheb]] in 1902.<ref name="JonesRyan" /><ref name="oxfordbibliographies" /> The second center is Peepal Mandi, which was founded by [[Salig Ram|Rai Salig Ram]] who was then succeeded by his son, grandson, and currently his great-grandson, Agam Prasad Mathur. And the largest of the Agra-based branches is [[Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh]] with center at [[Dayalbagh]], which is located across the street from Soami Bagh. This branch was founded in 1907 at [[Ghazipur]] by [[Kamta Prasad Sinha]] and in 1913 the headquarters were moved to Agra,<ref name="JonesRyan" /> it has flourished under the following leadership of [[Anand Swarup|Anand Sarup]], [[Gurcharan Das Mehta|Gurcharandas Mehta]], [[Makund Behari Lal|Dr. M.B. Lal Sahab]], and most recently as of this date [[Prem Saran Satsangi|Prof. Prem Saran Satsangi]].
-In Agra, the birthplace of the movement, there are three main satsang centers of branches. The Radha Soami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra with center at Soami Bagh occupies the original site in Agra, where a large memorial tomb is being built to honor the movement founder, and administered by the Central Administrative Council which established by second successor Maharaj Saheb in 1902.<ref name="JonesRyan" /><ref name="oxfordbibliographies" /> The second center is Peepal Mandi, which was founded by Rai Salig Ram who was then succeeded by his son, grandson, and currently his great-grandson, Agam Prasad Mathur. And the largest of the Agra-based branches is Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh with center at [[Dayalbagh]], which is located across the street from Soami Bagh. This branch was founded in 1907 at [[Ghazipur]] by Kamta Prasad Sinha and in 1913 the headquarters were moved to Agra,<ref name="JonesRyan" /> it has flourished under the following leadership of Anand Sarup, Gurcharandas Mehta, Dr. M.B. Lal Sahab, and most recently as of this date Prof. Prem Saran Satsangi.
 The Ruhani Satsang ({{a.k.a.}} Kirpal Light Satsang) in Delhi, founded by [[Kirpal Singh]], a disciple of the Beas master, [[Sawan Singh]], became popular in the [[United States]] under the leadership of [[Thakar Singh]].<ref name="Zoccarelli" /><ref name="JonesRyan" /><ref name="oxfordbibliographies" /> The Ruhani Satsang followed by the [[Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission]] and its international organization [[Science of Spirituality]] (SOS), founded by Kipral Singh's son.<ref name="Zoccarelli" />
@@ Line 79: / Line 83: @@
 * [[Charan Singh (Sant)|Maharaj Charan Singh]]
 * [[Gurinder Singh]]
+;
-; [[Radha Soami Satsang Sabha|Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh]] lineage
+; [[Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh|Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh]] lineage-
-* [[Salig Ram]]
+;* [[Shiv Dayal Singh|Param Guru Soami Ji Maharaj]] '''(1818-1878)'''
-* [[Anand Swarup]]
+;* [[Salig Ram|Param Guru Huzur Maharaj]] '''(1829-1898)'''
-* [[Gurcharan Das Mehta]]
+;* [[Maharaj Sahab|Param Guru Maharaj Sahab]] (1861-1907)
-* [[Makund Behari Lal]]
+;* [[Kamta Prasad Sinha|Param Guru Sarkar Sahab]] (1871-1913)
-* [[Prem Saran Satsangi]]
+;* [[Anand Swarup|Param Guru Sahab Ji Maharaj]] (1881-1937)
+;* [[Gurcharan Das Mehta|Param Guru Mehta Ji Maharaj]] (1885-1975)
+;* [[Makund Behari Lal|Param Guru Lal Sahab]] (1907-2002)
+;* [[Prem Saran Satsangi|Param Guru Satsangi Sahab]] (1937-Present)
+;
+;[[Satsang (Deoghar)]] Lineage -
+;[[Shiv Dayal Singh|Soami Ji Maharaj]]
+[[Maharaj Sahab]]
+[[Anukulchandra Chakravarty|Anukulchandra]] (Sri Sri Thakur Anukulchandra )
+'''Shabd Pratap Satsang Lineage'''
+Soami Ji Maharaj
+Chacha Ji Maharaj
+Data Dayal Ji Maharaj
+'''Jay Gurudev Satsang''' '''Lineage'''
+Soami Ji Maharaj
+Garib Das
+Jai Baba Gurudev
 ; [[Kirpal Singh#Ruhani Satsang|Ruhani Satsang]] lineage
+*
 * [[Kirpal Singh]]
 * [[Thakar Singh]]
@@ Line 120: / Line 151: @@
 * ''bhandara'' (large community gathering).
-The Radha Soami Satsang believes that living gurus are necessary for a guided spiritual life.<ref name="Kalsi2005" /> They do not install the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] or any other scriptures in their sanctum, as they consider it ritualistic. Instead, the guru sits in the sanctum with the ''satsang'' (group of Sikh faithfuls) and they listen to preachings from the Adi Granth and sing hymns together.<ref name="Kalsi2005" /> They believe in social equality, forbid caste distinctions and have also attracted [[Dalit]]s to their tradition. They are active outside India too.<ref name="Kalsi2005" />
+The Radha Soami Satsang believes that living gurus are necessary for a guided spiritual life.<ref name="Kalsi2005" /> They do not install the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] ji or any other scriptures in their sanctum, as they consider it ritualistic opposing the fundamental sikh beliefs. Instead, the proclaimed guru sits in the sanctum with the ''satsang'' (group of faithfuls) and they listen to preachings from the Adi Granth and sing hymns together.<ref name="Kalsi2005" /> They believe in social equality, forbid caste distinctions and have also attracted [[Dalit]]s to their tradition. They are active outside India too.<ref name="Kalsi2005" />
-The Radha Soami are strict vegetarians. They are active in charitable work such as providing free medical services and help to the needy. They do not believe in orthodox Sikh ritual practices such as covering one's head inside the temple or removing shoes, nor do they serve ''karah prasad'' (offering) at the end of prayers.<ref name="Kalsi2005" /> Their basic practices include ''[[Surat Shabd Yoga]]'' (meditation on inner light and sound), initiation of disciple into the path by a living guru, obedience to the guru, a moral life that is defined by abstinence from meat, drugs, alcohol and sex outside marriage. They also believe that ''[[jivanmukti]]'' or inner liberation is possible during one's lifetime with guidance of the living guru.<ref name="Lewis2002">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions |surname=Lewis |given=James R. |author-link=James R. Lewis (scholar)  |publisher=Prometheus |year=2002 |location=Amherst, NY |isbn=978-1-61592-738-8 |url={{Google books|3w8ZAQAAIAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |pages=590–592}}</ref>
+They are active in charitable work such as providing free medical services and help to the needy. They do not believe in orthodox Sikh ritual practices such as covering one's head inside the temple or removing shoes, nor do they serve ''karah prasad'' (offering) at the end of prayers.<ref name="Kalsi2005" /> Their basic practices include ''[[Surat Shabd Yoga]]'' (meditation on inner light and sound), initiation of disciple into the path by a living guru, obedience to the guru, a moral life that is defined by abstinence from meat, drugs, alcohol and sex outside marriage. They also believe that ''[[jivanmukti]]'' or inner liberation is possible during one's lifetime with guidance of the living guru.<ref name="Lewis2002">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions |surname=Lewis |given=James R. |author-link=James R. Lewis (scholar)  |publisher=Prometheus |year=2002 |location=Amherst, NY |isbn=978-1-61592-738-8 |url={{Google books|3w8ZAQAAIAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |pages=590–592}}</ref>
 However, some of these practices vary depending on the branches of the Radha Soami sect (Beas, Dayalbagh, Dinod).
+===Vegetarianism===
+The Radha Soami are strict [[Lacto vegetarianism|lacto-vegetarian]]s for ethical and spiritual reasons.<ref name="Juergensmeyer 1991">Juergensmeyer, Mark. (1991). ''Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith''. Princeton University Press. pp. 129-131. {{ISBN|0-691-07378-3}}</ref> They do not consume [[Egg as food|eggs]], meat, [[seafood]] or alcohol.<ref>Lewis, James R. (1998). ''The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions''.  Prometheus Books. p. 394. {{ISBN|1-57392-222-6}}</ref> In Radhasoami vegetarianism, all life forms are respected and meat is considered [[Ethics of eating meat|unethical]]. Meat is also said to produce bad karma from those who slaughter the animal and those who buy and consume the products.<ref name="Juergensmeyer 1991"/>
+Radha Soami hold the view that eggs are essentially a fetus whether they are fertilized or not; thus are non-vegetarian. Eggs and meat are believed to incite animal instincts and impair spiritual growth.<ref name="Juergensmeyer 1991"/>
 == See also ==
@@ Line 159: / Line 196: @@
 [[Category:Surat Shabd Yoga]]
 [[Category:Anti-caste movements]]
-[[Category:Religions that require vegetarianism]]
+[[Category:Sects that require vegetarianism]]