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{{Short description|Man-made water-body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox SSSI
{{Infobox SSSI
|image= Sowley Pond, Nr Lymington, Hants - geograph.org.uk - 74355.jpg
|image=
|image_caption =
|name=Sowley Pond
|name= Sowley Pond
|aos=Hampshire
|aos= Hampshire
|interest=Biological
|interest=Biological
|gridref={{gbmappingsmall|SZ 375 968}}<ref name=dsv/>
|gridref=SZ374967
|area= {{convert|49.3|ha|acre|abbr=off}}<ref name=dsv/>
|area=47.97 [[hectare]]s
|notifydate=1971
|notifydate= 1984<ref name=dsv/>
|map=[https://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271003387%27 ''Magic Map'']
|map=
}}
}}
'''Sowley Pond''' is a man-made water-body at the core of a {{convert| 49.3 |ha|acre|abbr=off|adj=on}} biological [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] of the same name, east of [[Lymington]] in [[Hampshire]].<ref name=dsv>{{cite web|url= https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1003387&SiteName=&countyCode=19&responsiblePerson=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea= |title=Designated Sites View: Sowley Pond | series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date = 19 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=map>{{cite web|url= https://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271003387%27|title=Map of Sowley Pond|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref> The pond itself constitutes only about a third of the area of the SSSI. It is part of Solent and Southampton Water [[Ramsar site]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteGeneralDetail.aspx?SiteCode=UK11063&SiteName=&countyCode=19&responsiblePerson=&unitId=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea= |title=Designated Sites View: Solent and Southampton Water | series= Ramsar Site|publisher=Natural England|access-date = 23 April 2020}}</ref> and [[Special Protection Area]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteGeneralDetail.aspx?SiteCode=UK9011061&SiteName=&countyCode=19&responsiblePerson=&unitId=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea= |title= Designated Sites View: Solent and Southampton Water | series= Special Protection Areas |publisher=Natural England|access-date = 23 April 2020}}</ref> It is an important refuge for both surface feeding and diving ducks and functions as an integral part of the [[marshland]] system of the west Solent.
'''Sowley Pond''' ({{gbmapping|SZ374967}}) is a 47.97 [[hectare]] biological [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] (SSSI), in southwest [[Hampshire]], [[SSSI notification|notified]] in 1971.<ref name = "SSSI"/> It is an important refuge for both surface feeding and diving ducks and functions as an integral part of the [[marshland]] system of the west Solent.


==Location==
==Location==
Sowley Pond is situated on the southern edge of the [[New Forest]], approximately 1[[kilometre|km]] from the [[Solent]] and is midway between [[Lymington]] and [[Bucklers Hard]]. The road crossing the dam that was constructed to form the pond is part of the [[Solent Way]] long-distance footpath.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=The Solent Way: Lymington to Beaulieu |url= http://www.solentway.co.uk/solent_lymington_beaulieu.html |work= |publisher=www.solentway.co.uk|date= |accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref>
Sowley Pond is situated on the southern edge of the [[New Forest]], approximately 1&nbsp;km from the [[Solent]] and is midway between [[Lymington]] and [[Buckler's Hard]]. The road crossing the dam that was constructed to form the pond is part of the [[Solent Way]] long-distance footpath.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Solent Way: Lymington to Beaulieu |url= http://www.solentway.co.uk/solent_lymington_beaulieu.html |publisher=www.solentway.co.uk|access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Sowley Pond was formed in the fourteenth century by monks from nearby [[Beaulieu Abbey]] who dammed the Crockford stream, which rises on [[Beaulieu Heath]], to form a fishery.<ref>{{cite web |author=Andrew Walmsley |title=Beaulieu History: a brief overview |url= http://www.newforestexplorersguide.co.uk/sitefolders/villages/beaulieu/historyintro/beaulieuhistorypage.html |work= |publisher=New Forest Explorers' Guide|date=2008 |accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref>
Sowley Pond was formed in the fourteenth century by monks from nearby [[Beaulieu Abbey]] who dammed the Crockford stream, which rises on [[Beaulieu Heath]], to form a fishery.<ref>{{cite web |author=Andrew Walmsley |title=Beaulieu History: a brief overview |url= http://www.newforestexplorersguide.co.uk/sitefolders/villages/beaulieu/historyintro/beaulieuhistorypage.html |publisher=New Forest Explorers' Guide|year=2008 |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref>


During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the pond was used to supply water for an [[ironworks]] situated on the opposite side of the road on what is now Sandpit Lane.<ref name ="Windsor">{{cite web |author=Brian Windsor |title=Beaulieu |url= http://www.windsor.uk.com/beaulieu.htm |work= |publisher= |date=|accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref>
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the pond was used to supply water for an [[ironworks]] situated on the opposite side of the road on what is now Sandpit Lane.<ref name ="Vorm">{{cite web |author1=Catharina van der Vorm| author2=Emma Page |title=Sowley House and the Ironworks |url= http://beaulieuhistorysociety.org.uk/images/presentations/sowley/Sowley_Talk.pdf |access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref>


==The Ironworks==
==The Ironworks==
The Sowley ironworks were completed in the 1590s by the [[Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton|Earl of Southampton]]. It had a tenuous existence during the 17th century, but with the rapid expansion of [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth dockyard]] the works were taken over by Henry Corlett, a specialist blacksmith from London, who set up a forge at [[Beaulieu, Hampshire|Beaulieu]] in conjunction with Sowley. He was financed by [[Edmund Dummer (naval engineer)|Edmund Dummer]], a former [[surveyor of the Navy]], and naval contracts for [[wrought iron]] followed. Corbett died in 1708 and Dummer continued the business until 1712 when his brother Thomas (an ex-navy purser) continued to supply the navy until 1716.<ref>{{cite web |author= Jeremy Greenwood|title=The Sowley Ironworks and its naval connections |url= http://hist-met.org/hmsnews52.pdf |work= HMS News|publisher=Historical Metallurgy Society |format=[[PDF]] |date= Winter 2002|accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref> By the 1790s, the ironworks were leased by Charles Pocock who lived at the adjacent Sowley House but the ironworks became uneconomic and ceased operating after the Napoleonic Wars.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title= Henry Pocock and his Family |url= http://www.chalfonthistory.co.uk/pocock.html |work= The history of [[Chalfont St Giles]]|publisher= |format= |date= |accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref> The forge continued to operate until about 1822.<ref name ="Windsor"/>
The Sowley ironworks were completed in the 1590s by the [[Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton|Earl of Southampton]]. It had a tenuous existence during the 17th century, but with the rapid expansion of [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth dockyard]] the works were taken over by Henry Corbett, a specialist blacksmith from London, who set up a forge at [[Beaulieu, Hampshire|Beaulieu]] in conjunction with Sowley. He was financed by [[Edmund Dummer (naval engineer)|Edmund Dummer]], a former [[surveyor of the Navy]], and naval contracts for [[wrought iron]] followed. Corbett died in 1708 and Dummer continued the business until 1712 when he went bankrupt and his brother Thomas (an ex-navy purser) continued to supply the navy until 1716.<ref>{{cite web |first= Jeremy |last=Greenwood|title=The Sowley Ironworks and its naval connections |url= http://hist-met.org/hmsnews52.pdf |work= HMS News|publisher=Historical Metallurgy Society |format=[[PDF]] |pages=3–4|date= Winter 2002|access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref> By the 1790s, the ironworks were leased by Charles Pocock who lived at the adjacent Sowley House but the ironworks became uneconomic and ceased operating after the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Henry Pocock and his Family |url= http://www.chalfonthistory.co.uk/pocock.html |work= The history of [[Chalfont St Giles]]|access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref> The forge continued to operate until about 1822.<ref name ="Vorm"/>


Two large mills existed; today, the site of the furnace is indicated by a patch of reddened earth, around which is a heavy concentration of furnace [[slag]]. The site of the forge is near the edge of a large hollow, where heavy concentrations of forge cinder marks are evident.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Beaulieu: Historical or Literary Associations |url= http://www.hants.gov.uk/hampshiretreasures/vol05/page010.html |work= Hampshire Treasures|publisher=[[Hampshire County Council]] |date= 29 March 2006|accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref> There is a local saying that "''the Sowley hammer can be heard''" which means that rain is on the way.<ref>{{cite web |author= J. S. P. Agg Large|title=The Lonely Men of the Forest|url= http://freespace.virgin.net/j.purkis/lonely.htm |work= The Rufus Stone and the Purkis Connection |publisher= |date= |accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref>
At various times a water powered blast furnace existed as well as (intermittently) a finery forge. In the 1750s an air furnace was built. Today, the site of the furnace is indicated by a patch of reddened earth, around which is a heavy concentration of furnace [[slag]]. The site of the forge is near the edge of a hollow (wheelpit) below the dam,<ref>Jeremy Greenwood. ''A history of the ironworks at Sowley''.2005.</ref> where heavy concentrations of forge cinder marks are evident.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beaulieu: Historical or Literary Associations |url= http://www.hants.gov.uk/hampshiretreasures/vol05/page010.html |work= Hampshire Treasures|publisher=[[Hampshire County Council]] |date= 29 March 2006|access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref> There is a local saying that "''the Sowley hammer can be heard''" which means that rain is on the way.<ref>{{cite web|author=J. S. P. Agg Large|title=The Lonely Men of the Forest|url=http://freespace.virgin.net/j.purkis/lonely.htm|work=The Rufus Stone and the Purkis Connection|access-date=8 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222100042/http://freespace.virgin.net/j.purkis/lonely.htm|archive-date=22 February 2010}}</ref>


==Sowley House==
==Sowley House==
The house, which is situated to the south of the pond, is privately owned and not open to the public. In 2001, it was occupied by Otto and Catharina van der Vorm, from the Netherlands. The garden have large quantities of rare orchids and wild flower meadows which extend down to the Solent shore.<ref>{{cite web |author= Pat Holt |title=Seaside Paradise|url= http://archive.thisishampshire.net/2001/6/23/74051.html |work= |publisher= thisishampshire.net |date= 23 June 2001 |accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref>
The house, which is situated to the south of the pond, is privately owned and not open to the public. In 2001, it was occupied by Otto and Catharina van der Vorm, from the Netherlands. The gardens have large quantities of rare orchids and wild flower meadows which extend down to the Solent shore.<ref>{{cite web |author= Pat Holt |title= Seaside Paradise |url= http://archive.thisishampshire.net/2001/6/23/74051.html |publisher= thisishampshire.net |date= 23 June 2001 |access-date= 8 October 2009 }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


The former Forge Hammer Inn adjacent to the house and ironworks was used by [[smuggling|smugglers]] in the Eighteenth century to hide [[contraband]]. The goods were landed at nearby Pitts Deep Hard and hidden in the cellars of the inn. During one raid by the [[coastguard]] the landlady was despatched to divert the coastguards while the tubs of illicit [[brandy]] were moved from their hiding place in the chimney to the safety of a nearby copse of trees. "''The landlady advanced upon them. Singling out one of the officers who owed her a score for...liquid refreshment, she abused him roundly for not paying his debts...''" When the contraband was safe, the landlady admitted the coastguard, who found nothing, and were once more abused for interfering with the business of honest citizens.<ref>{{cite web |author= Richard Platt |title=Smuggling in Hampshire|url= http://www.smuggling.co.uk/gazetteer_s_12.html|work= |publisher= Tempus Publishing |date= |accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref>
The former Forge Hammer Inn adjacent to the house and ironworks was used by [[smuggling|smugglers]] in the eighteenth century to hide [[contraband]]. The goods were landed at nearby Pitts Deep Hard and hidden in the cellars of the inn. During one raid by the [[coastguard]] the landlady was despatched to divert the coastguards while the tubs of illicit [[brandy]] were moved from their hiding place in the chimney to the safety of a nearby copse of trees. "''The landlady advanced upon them. Singling out one of the officers who owed her a score for...liquid refreshment, she abused him roundly for not paying his debts...''" When the contraband was safe, the landlady admitted the coastguard, who found nothing, and were once more abused for interfering with the business of honest citizens.<ref>{{cite web |author= Richard Platt |title=Smuggling in Hampshire|url= http://www.smuggling.co.uk/gazetteer_s_12.html|publisher= Tempus Publishing |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref>


==Flora==
==Flora==
Among the tree and plant species found at Sowley are:<ref name = "SSSI">{{cite web |author= |title=Sowley Pond SSSI – Notification details |url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/sssi/sitedocuments.cfm?type=citation&sssi_id=1003387 |work= |publisher=Natural England |format=[[PDF]] |date= 1984|accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref>
Among the tree and plant species found at Sowley are:<ref name = "SSSI">{{cite web |title=Sowley Pond SSSI – Notification details |url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/PDFsForWeb/Citation/1003387.pdf |publisher=Natural England |format=[[PDF]] |year= 1984|access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref>
*Oak ''[[Quercus]]''
*[[Oak]]
*Scots pine ''[[Pinus sylvestris]]''
*[[Scots pine]]
*Hazel ''[[Corylus avellana]]''
*[[Corylus avellana|Hazel]]
*[[Common hawthorn]]
*Hawthorn ''[[Crataegus monogyna]]''
*[[Butcher’s broom]]
*Butcher’s brome ''[[Ruscus aculeatus]]''
*Wood spurge ''[[Euphorbia amygdaloides]]''
*[[Wood spurge]]
*Early Purple Orchid ''[[Orchis mascula]]'' <ref>{{cite web |author=Peter Burford |title= Orchids of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight|url= http://sotonnhs.org/orchfull.asp|work= |publisher= Southampton Natural History Society|date=3 May 2002|accessdate=7 October 2009}}</ref>
*[[Early purple orchid]]<ref>{{cite web|author= Peter Burford|title= Orchids of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight|url= http://sotonnhs.org/orchfull.asp|publisher= Southampton Natural History Society|date= 3 May 2002|access-date= 7 October 2009|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081120035247/http://www.sotonnhs.org/orchfull.asp|archive-date= 20 November 2008}}</ref>
*Lesser Quaking-grass ''[[Briza minor]]'' <ref>{{cite web |author= Martin Rand|title= Arable Margins - Reaping the Benefits?|url= http://www.hantsplants.org.uk/news2006.php|work= Hants Plants: Botany in Hampshire |publisher=|date=2006|accessdate=7 October 2009}}</ref>
*[[Lesser quaking-grass]]<ref>{{cite web |author= Martin Rand|title= Arable Margins - Reaping the Benefits?|url= http://www.hantsplants.org.uk/news2006.php|work= Hants Plants: Botany in Hampshire |year=2006|access-date=7 October 2009}}</ref>


==Fauna==
==Fauna==
Sowley is the home to many species of bird, including:<ref name = "SSSI"/>
Sowley is the home to many species of bird, including:<ref name = "SSSI"/>
*[[Mallard]]
*Mallard ''[[Anas platyrhynchos]]''
*[[Eurasian wigeon]]
*Wigeon ''[[Anas penelope]]''
*[[Eurasian teal]]
*Teal ''[[Anas crecca]]''
*Tufted duck ''[[Aythya fuligula]]''
*[[Tufted duck]]
*[[Common pochard]]
*Pochard ''[[Aythya ferina]]''
*Great crested grebe ''[[Podiceps cristatus]]''
*[[Great crested grebe]]
*Grey heron ''[[Ardea cinerea]]''
*[[Grey heron]]


The [[heronry]] at Sowley is the largest in Hampshire; in 1984 this held 60 occupied nests.<ref name = "SSSI"/>
The [[heronry]] at Sowley is one of the largest in Hampshire; in 2018 this held 17 occupied nests.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chalmers |first1=Mike |title=Hampshire Bird Report 2018 |publisher=Hampshire Ornithological Society |page=55}}</ref>


Variable damselfly (''[[Coenagrion pulchellum]]'') also breed at Sowley Pond.<ref>{{cite web |author= Paul Winter|title= Variable Damselfly|url= http://patchwatch.blogspot.com/2009/08/variable-damselfly.html|work=Patchwatching |publisher= |date=10 August 2009 |accessdate=7 October 2009}}</ref>
[[Variable damselfly]] also breed at Sowley Pond.<ref>{{cite web |title= Variable Damselfly|url=https://sites.google.com/site/localpatch/hampshire-dragonflies/variable-damselfly|work=Hampshire Dragonflies|publisher= localpatch |access-date=4 September 2011}}</ref>


In the 1900s, [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]] presented a pair of sika deer (''[[Cervus nippon]]'') to [[John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu|John, the second Baron Montagu of Beaulieu]]. This pair escaped into Sowley Wood and were the basis of the large herds of sika to be found in the forest today. They were so prolific that culling had to be introduced in the 1930s to control numbers.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title= British Mammals: Sika Deer|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/ptop/A23502926|work= |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=15 June 2007 |accessdate=8 October 2009}}</ref>
In the 1900s, [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]] presented a pair of [[sika deer]] to [[John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu|John, the second Baron Montagu of Beaulieu]]. This pair escaped into Sowley Wood and were the basis of the large herds of sika to be found in the forest today. They were so prolific that culling had to be introduced in the 1930s to control numbers.<ref>{{cite web |title= British Mammals: Sika Deer|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/ptop/A23502926|publisher=[[BBC]] |date=15 June 2007 |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category}}

⚫
{{coord| 50.770|-1.470 |type:landmark_region:GB-BNE|display=title}}
==External links==
⚫
{{SSSIs Hampshire}}
* [http://www.natural-england.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designatedareas/sssi/default.aspx Natural England website] (SSSI information)
{{Hydrology of Hampshire}}
* [http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx?map=sssi&feature=1003387,sssi,HYPERLINK,LABEL Map of the SSSI]
* [https://www.english-nature.org.uk/imagelibrary/image_details.cfm?id=101674 Photos of the SSSI]

⚫
{{SSSIs Hampshire biological}}

⚫
{{coord|50.76854|-1.47014|type:landmark_region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(SZ374967)|display=title}}


[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1971]]
[[Category:Industrial history of England]]
[[Category:Ironworks and steelworks in England]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in England]]
[[Category:Special Protection Areas in England]]

Latest revision as of 19:44, 19 November 2024

Sowley Pond
Site of Special Scientific Interest
LocationHampshire
Grid referenceSZ 375 968[1]
InterestBiological
Area49.3 hectares (122 acres)[1]
Notification1984[1]
Location mapMagic Map

Sowley Pond is a man-made water-body at the core of a 49.3-hectare (122-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest of the same name, east of Lymington in Hampshire.[1][2] The pond itself constitutes only about a third of the area of the SSSI. It is part of Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar site[3] and Special Protection Area.[4] It is an important refuge for both surface feeding and diving ducks and functions as an integral part of the marshland system of the west Solent.

Location

[edit]

Sowley Pond is situated on the southern edge of the New Forest, approximately 1 km from the Solent and is midway between Lymington and Buckler's Hard. The road crossing the dam that was constructed to form the pond is part of the Solent Way long-distance footpath.[5]

History

[edit]

Sowley Pond was formed in the fourteenth century by monks from nearby Beaulieu Abbey who dammed the Crockford stream, which rises on Beaulieu Heath, to form a fishery.[6]

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the pond was used to supply water for an ironworks situated on the opposite side of the road on what is now Sandpit Lane.[7]

The Ironworks

[edit]

The Sowley ironworks were completed in the 1590s by the Earl of Southampton. It had a tenuous existence during the 17th century, but with the rapid expansion of Portsmouth dockyard the works were taken over by Henry Corbett, a specialist blacksmith from London, who set up a forge at Beaulieu in conjunction with Sowley. He was financed by Edmund Dummer, a former surveyor of the Navy, and naval contracts for wrought iron followed. Corbett died in 1708 and Dummer continued the business until 1712 when he went bankrupt and his brother Thomas (an ex-navy purser) continued to supply the navy until 1716.[8] By the 1790s, the ironworks were leased by Charles Pocock who lived at the adjacent Sowley House but the ironworks became uneconomic and ceased operating after the Napoleonic Wars.[9] The forge continued to operate until about 1822.[7]

At various times a water powered blast furnace existed as well as (intermittently) a finery forge. In the 1750s an air furnace was built. Today, the site of the furnace is indicated by a patch of reddened earth, around which is a heavy concentration of furnace slag. The site of the forge is near the edge of a hollow (wheelpit) below the dam,[10] where heavy concentrations of forge cinder marks are evident.[11] There is a local saying that "the Sowley hammer can be heard" which means that rain is on the way.[12]

Sowley House

[edit]

The house, which is situated to the south of the pond, is privately owned and not open to the public. In 2001, it was occupied by Otto and Catharina van der Vorm, from the Netherlands. The gardens have large quantities of rare orchids and wild flower meadows which extend down to the Solent shore.[13]

The former Forge Hammer Inn adjacent to the house and ironworks was used by smugglers in the eighteenth century to hide contraband. The goods were landed at nearby Pitts Deep Hard and hidden in the cellars of the inn. During one raid by the coastguard the landlady was despatched to divert the coastguards while the tubs of illicit brandy were moved from their hiding place in the chimney to the safety of a nearby copse of trees. "The landlady advanced upon them. Singling out one of the officers who owed her a score for...liquid refreshment, she abused him roundly for not paying his debts..." When the contraband was safe, the landlady admitted the coastguard, who found nothing, and were once more abused for interfering with the business of honest citizens.[14]

Flora

[edit]

Among the tree and plant species found at Sowley are:[15]

Fauna

[edit]

Sowley is the home to many species of bird, including:[15]

The heronry at Sowley is one of the largest in Hampshire; in 2018 this held 17 occupied nests.[18]

Variable damselfly also breed at Sowley Pond.[19]

In the 1900s, King Edward VII presented a pair of sika deer to John, the second Baron Montagu of Beaulieu. This pair escaped into Sowley Wood and were the basis of the large herds of sika to be found in the forest today. They were so prolific that culling had to be introduced in the 1930s to control numbers.[20]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Designated Sites View: Sowley Pond". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Map of Sowley Pond". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  3. ^ "Designated Sites View: Solent and Southampton Water". Ramsar Site. Natural England. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  4. ^ "Designated Sites View: Solent and Southampton Water". Special Protection Areas. Natural England. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  5. ^ "The Solent Way: Lymington to Beaulieu". www.solentway.co.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  6. ^ Andrew Walmsley (2008). "Beaulieu History: a brief overview". New Forest Explorers' Guide. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  7. ^ a b Catharina van der Vorm; Emma Page. "Sowley House and the Ironworks" (PDF). Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  8. ^ Greenwood, Jeremy (Winter 2002). "The Sowley Ironworks and its naval connections" (PDF). HMS News. Historical Metallurgy Society. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  9. ^ "Henry Pocock and his Family". The history of Chalfont St Giles. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  10. ^ Jeremy Greenwood. A history of the ironworks at Sowley.2005.
  11. ^ "Beaulieu: Historical or Literary Associations". Hampshire Treasures. Hampshire County Council. 29 March 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  12. ^ J. S. P. Agg Large. "The Lonely Men of the Forest". The Rufus Stone and the Purkis Connection. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  13. ^ Pat Holt (23 June 2001). "Seaside Paradise". thisishampshire.net. Retrieved 8 October 2009.[permanent dead link‍]
  14. ^ Richard Platt. "Smuggling in Hampshire". Tempus Publishing. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  15. ^ a b "Sowley Pond SSSI – Notification details" (PDF). Natural England. 1984. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  16. ^ Peter Burford (3 May 2002). "Orchids of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight". Southampton Natural History Society. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  17. ^ Martin Rand (2006). "Arable Margins - Reaping the Benefits?". Hants Plants: Botany in Hampshire. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  18. ^ Chalmers, Mike. Hampshire Bird Report 2018. Hampshire Ornithological Society. p. 55.
  19. ^ "Variable Damselfly". Hampshire Dragonflies. localpatch. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  20. ^ "British Mammals: Sika Deer". BBC. 15 June 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
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50°46′12″N 1°28′12″W / 50.770°N 1.470°W / 50.770; -1.470

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