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{{Infobox deity
{{Infobox deity
| type = Greek
| type = Greek
| image = Euphrosyne statue - Achilleion.jpg
| name = Euphrosyne
| name = Euphrosyne
| deity_of = Goddess of good cheer, joy and mirth
| deity_of = Goddess of good cheer, joy and mirth
Line 9: Line 10:
| cult_centre = [[Boeotia]]
| cult_centre = [[Boeotia]]
| abode = [[Mount Olympus]]
| abode = [[Mount Olympus]]
⚫
| parents = [[Zeus]] and [[Eurynome]]<br>[[Erebus]] and [[Nyx]]<ref>[[Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' Preface.</ref>
| siblings = {{Collapsible list
⚫
| caption = A statue of Euphrosyne in [[Achilleion (Corfu)|Achilleion]] palace, [[Corfu]].
| title= ''by Zeus and Eurynome''
| bullets = on
| [[Aglaea]]
| [[Thalia (Grace)|Thalia]]
}}
}}
{{Collapsible list
| title= ''by Nyx and Erebus''
| bullets = on
| [[Moros]]
| [[Keres (mythology)|Keres]]
| [[Thanatos]]
| [[Hypnos]]
| [[Oneiroi]]
| [[Momus]]
| [[Oizys]]
| [[Moirai]]
| [[Nemesis (mythology)|Nemesis]]
| [[Apate (deity)|Apate]]
| [[Philotes]]
| [[Geras]]
| [[Eris (mythology)|Eris]]
| [[Styx]]
| [[Dolos (mythology)|Dolos]]
| [[Ponos]]
| [[Epiphron]]
| [[Sophrosyne|Continentia]]
| [[Hybris (mythology)|Petulantia]]
| [[Eleos|Misericordia]]
| Pertinacia
}}
⚫
| parents = [[Zeus]] and [[Eurynome]]<br>[[Nyx (mythology)|Nyx]] and [[Erebus]]<ref>[[Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' Preface</ref>
⚫
| caption = A statue of Euphrosyne in Achilleion palace, [[Corfu]].
}}
⚫
'''Euphrosyne''' ({{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|f|r|ɒ|z|ᵻ|n|iː}}; {{lang-grc|Εὐφροσύνη}}), in [[ancient Greek religion]] and [[Greek mythology|mythology]], was one of the [[Charites]], known in [[ancient Rome]] as the ''Gratiae'' (Graces). She was sometimes called '''Euthymia''' (Εὐθυμία) or '''Eutychia''' (Εὐτυχία).<ref>[[Pindar]], fr. 155</ref>


⚫
In [[ancient Greek religion]] and [[Greek mythology|mythology]], '''Euphrosyne''' ({{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|f|r|ɒ|z|ᵻ|n|iː}}; {{langx|grc|Εὐφροσύνη|Euphrosúnē}}) is a goddess, one of the three [[Charites]], known in [[ancient Rome]] as the ''Gratiae'' (Graces). She was sometimes called '''Euthymia''' ({{langx|grc|Εὐθυμία||happiness}}) or '''Eutychia''' ({{langx|grc|Εὐτυχία||good cheer}}).<ref>[[Pindar]], fr. 155</ref>
⚫
== Family ==
⚫
According to [[Hesiod]], Euphrosyne and her sisters [[Thalia (Grace)|Thalia]] and [[Aglaea]] were daughters of [[Zeus]] and the [[Oceanid]] [[Eurynome]].<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D901 907]</ref> Alternative parentage may be Zeus and [[Eurydome]], [[Eurymedousa]], or [[Euanthe (Greek mythology)|Euanthe]];<ref>[[Lucius Annaeus Cornutus|Cornutus]], ''Compendium of Greek Theology'' 15</ref> [[Dionysus]] and [[Kronois]];<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' 15.87 & 48.530</ref> or [[Helios]] and the [[Naiad]] [[Aegle (mythology)|Aegle]].<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D9%3Achapter%3D35%3Asection%3D5 9.35.5]</ref>


⚫
==Family==
In some accounts, Euphrosyne was a daughter of the [[Greek primordial deities|primordial gods]], [[Erebus]] (Darkness) and [[Nyx]] (Night).<ref name=":02">Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#0.2 Preface]</ref><blockquote>"From [[Nyx|Nox]]/ Nyx (Night) and Erebus [were born]: Fatum/ [[Moros]] (Fate), [[Geras|Senectus]]/ Geras (Old Age), [[Thanatos|Mors]]/ Thanatos (Death), Letum (Dissolution), [[Continentia]] (Moderation), [[Somnus]]/ Hypnos (Sleep), [[Oneiros|Somnia]]/ Oneiroi (Dreams), [[Cupid|Amor]] (Love)--that is [[Lysimeles]], [[Epiphron]] (Prudence), [[Porphyrion (mythology)|Porphyrion]], [[Epaphus]], [[Eris (mythology)|Discordia]]/ Eris (Discord), [[Oizys|Miseria]]/ Oizys (Misery), [[Hybris (mythology)|Petulantia]]/ [[Hybris (mythology)|Hybris]] (Wantonness), Nemesis (Envy), Euphrosyne (Good Cheer), [[Amicitia]]/ Philotes (Friendship), [[Eleos|Misericordia]]/ [[Eleos]] (Compassion), [[Styx]] (Hatred); the three [[Parcae]]/ Moirai (Fates), namely Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos; the Hesperides."<ref>Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' Preface</ref></blockquote>
⚫
According to [[Hesiod]], Euphrosyne and her sisters [[Thalia (Grace)|Thalia]] and [[Aglaea]] are the daughters of [[Zeus]] and the [[Oceanid]] nymph [[Eurynome]].<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D901 907]</ref> Alternative parentage may be Zeus and [[Eurydome]], [[Eurymedousa]], or [[Euanthe (Greek myth)|Euanthe]];<ref>[[Lucius Annaeus Cornutus|Cornutus]], ''Compendium of Greek Theology'' 15</ref> [[Dionysus]] and [[Coronis (mythology)|Coronis]];<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' 15.87 & 48.530</ref> or [[Helios]] and the [[Naiad]] [[Aegle (mythology)|Aegle]].<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D9%3Achapter%3D35%3Asection%3D5 9.35.5]</ref>

The Roman author [[Hyginus]], in his ''[[Fabulae]]'', also mentions a figure named Euphrosyne, who is the daughter of [[Nyx|Nox]] (Night) and [[Erebus]] (Darkness).<ref name=":02">[[Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#0.2 Preface].</ref>


==Mythology==
==Mythology==
Euphrosyne is a Goddess of Good Cheer, Joy and Mirth.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Larson|first=Jennifer|title=Ancient Greek Cults|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|isbn=978-0415491020|location=New York, NY|pages=162–163}}</ref> Her name is the female version of a Greek word ''euphrosynos'', which means "merriment". The [[Greek people|Greek]] poet [[Pindar]] states that these goddesses were created to fill the world with pleasant moments and good will.<ref>Pindar, ''Olympian Ode'' 14.[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DO.%3Apoem%3D14 1-20]</ref> Usually the Charites attended the goddess of beauty [[Aphrodite]].<ref>''Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D5 58]</ref>
Euphrosyne is a goddess of good cheer, joy and mirth.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Larson|first=Jennifer|title=Ancient Greek Cults|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|isbn=978-0415491020|location=New York, NY|pages=162–163}}</ref> Her name is the female version of the word ''euphrosynos'', "merriment". [[Pindar]] wrote that these goddesses were created to fill the world with pleasant moments and good will.<ref>Pindar, ''Olympian Ode'' 14.[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DO.%3Apoem%3D14 1-20]</ref> The Charites attended the goddess of beauty [[Aphrodite]].<ref>''Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D5 58]</ref>


In art, Euphrosyne is usually depicted with her sisters dancing.<ref name=":2" />[[File:Canova-Three Graces 0 degree view.jpg|thumb|Euphrosyne (left) depicted with her sisters on ''The&nbsp;Three&nbsp;Graces'' sculpture at the [[Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]], [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia]]
In art, Euphrosyne is usually depicted with her sisters dancing.<ref name=":2" />[[File:Canova-Three Graces 0 degree view.jpg|thumb|Euphrosyne (left) depicted with her sisters on ''The&nbsp;Three&nbsp;Graces'' sculpture at the [[Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]], [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia]]


==Cults of Euphrosyne==
==Cults==
Euphrosyne and her sisters' main cult was located in [[Athens]], [[Sparta]], or [[Boeotia|Boetia]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=www.britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com|access-date=2016-08-31}}</ref>
Euphrosyne and her sisters' main cult was located in [[Athens]], [[Sparta]], or [[Boeotia|Boetia]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=www.britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com|access-date=2016-08-31}}</ref>


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===In art and literature===
===In art and literature===
[[File:Joshua Reynolds - Mrs John Hale.jpg|thumb|Mrs Mary Hale as Euphrosyne, painted by [[Joshua Reynolds]]|left]]
[[File:Joshua Reynolds - Mrs John Hale.jpg|thumb|Mrs Mary Hale as Euphrosyne, painted by [[Joshua Reynolds]]|left]]
* She is depicted with the other two Graces, [[Aglaea]] and [[Thalia (Grace)|Thalia]], at the left of the painting in [[Botticelli]]'s ''[[Primavera (Painting)|Primavera]]''. The sculptor [[Antonio Canova]] made a well-known piece in white marble representing the three Graces, in several copies including one for [[John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford]].<ref>[http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-three-graces/ The Three Graces.] Victoria & Albert Museum, 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.</ref>
* Euphrosyne is depicted with the other two Graces, [[Aglaea]] and [[Thalia (Grace)|Thalia]], at the left of the painting in [[Botticelli]]'s ''[[Primavera (Painting)|Primavera]]''. The sculptor [[Antonio Canova]] made a well-known piece in white marble representing the three Graces, in several copies including one for [[John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford]].<ref>[http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-three-graces/ The Three Graces.] Victoria & Albert Museum, 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.</ref>
* [[Joshua Reynolds]] painted Mrs. Mary Hale, wife of General [[John Hale (British Army officer)|John Hale]], as Euphrosyne in 1766.
* [[Joshua Reynolds]] painted Mrs. Mary Hale, wife of General [[John Hale (British Army officer)|John Hale]], as Euphrosyne in 1766.
* [[John Milton]] invoked her in the poem ''[[L'Allegro]]''.<ref name=":0">"[http://www.rc.umd.edu/editions/mws/lastman/milton.htm Milton, L'Allegro and Il Penseroso]"</ref>
* [[John Milton]] invoked her in the poem ''[[L'Allegro]]''.<ref name=":0">"[http://www.rc.umd.edu/editions/mws/lastman/milton.htm Milton, L'Allegro and Il Penseroso] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306225753/http://www.rc.umd.edu/editions/mws/lastman/milton.htm |date=2019-03-06 }}"</ref> She also has a singing part as the spirit of mirth in [[John Dalton (poet)|John Dalton]] and [[Thomas Arne]]'s 1738 musical adaptation of Milton's [[Comus (Milton)|''Comus'']] and speaks the epilogue.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QSV4P_4zrjAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=comus+%22John+Dalton%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=comus%20%22John%20Dalton%22&f=false Comus, a Mask (Now adapted to the Stage)], London 1738</ref>


===In science===
===In science===
The asteroid [[31 Euphrosyne]] is named after the goddess, as is the [[Euphrosinidae]] family of marine worms.
* The asteroid [[31 Euphrosyne]] is named after the goddess, as is the [[Euphrosinidae]] family of marine worms.
* [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle]] named a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae ''[[Euphrosyne_(plant)|Euphrosyne]].''

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* [[Hesiod]], ''Theogony'' from ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0129 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Hesiod]], ''Theogony'' from ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0129 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Nonnus|Nonnus of Panopolis]], ''Dionysiaca'' translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863-1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. [https://topostext.org/work/529 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Nonnus|Nonnus of Panopolis]], ''Dionysiaca'' translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863–1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. [https://topostext.org/work/529 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* Nonnus of Panopolis, ''Dionysiaca. 3 Vols.'' W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0485 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* Nonnus of Panopolis, ''Dionysiaca. 3 Vols.'' W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0485 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]
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[[Category:Children of Helios]]
[[Category:Children of Helios]]
[[Category:Children of Dionysus]]
[[Category:Children of Dionysus]]
[[Category:Characters in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Happiness]]
[[Category:Happiness]]

Latest revision as of 20:51, 19 November 2024

For other uses, see Euphrosyne (disambiguation).
Euphrosyne
Goddess of good cheer, joy and mirth
Member of The Charites
A statue of Euphrosyne in Achilleion palace, Corfu.
AffiliationAphrodite
Major cult centreBoeotia
AbodeMount Olympus
ParentsZeus and Eurynome
Erebus and Nyx[1]

In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Euphrosyne (/juːˈfrɒzɪniː/; Ancient Greek: Εὐφροσύνη, romanized: Euphrosúnē) is a goddess, one of the three Charites, known in ancient Rome as the Gratiae (Graces). She was sometimes called Euthymia (Ancient Greek: Εὐθυμία, lit. 'happiness') or Eutychia (Ancient Greek: Εὐτυχία, lit. 'good cheer').[2]

Family

[edit]

According to Hesiod, Euphrosyne and her sisters Thalia and Aglaea are the daughters of Zeus and the Oceanid nymph Eurynome.[3] Alternative parentage may be Zeus and Eurydome, Eurymedousa, or Euanthe;[4] Dionysus and Coronis;[5] or Helios and the Naiad Aegle.[6]

The Roman author Hyginus, in his Fabulae, also mentions a figure named Euphrosyne, who is the daughter of Nox (Night) and Erebus (Darkness).[7]

Mythology

[edit]

Euphrosyne is a goddess of good cheer, joy and mirth.[8] Her name is the female version of the word euphrosynos, "merriment". Pindar wrote that these goddesses were created to fill the world with pleasant moments and good will.[9] The Charites attended the goddess of beauty Aphrodite.[10]

In art, Euphrosyne is usually depicted with her sisters dancing.[8]

Euphrosyne (left) depicted with her sisters on The Three Graces sculpture at the Hermitage, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Cults

[edit]

Euphrosyne and her sisters' main cult was located in Athens, Sparta, or Boetia.[8][11]

Legacy

[edit]

In art and literature

[edit]
Mrs Mary Hale as Euphrosyne, painted by Joshua Reynolds

In science

[edit]


Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Preface.
  2. ^ Pindar, fr. 155
  3. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 907
  4. ^ Cornutus, Compendium of Greek Theology 15
  5. ^ Nonnus, Dionysiaca 15.87 & 48.530
  6. ^ Pausanias, 9.35.5
  7. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Preface.
  8. ^ a b c Larson, Jennifer (2007). Ancient Greek Cults. New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 162–163. ISBN 978-0415491020.
  9. ^ Pindar, Olympian Ode 14.1-20
  10. ^ Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite 58
  11. ^ "www.britannica.com". Retrieved 2016-08-31.
  12. ^ The Three Graces. Victoria & Albert Museum, 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  13. ^ "Milton, L'Allegro and Il Penseroso Archived 2019-03-06 at the Wayback Machine"
  14. ^ Comus, a Mask (Now adapted to the Stage), London 1738

References

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Euphrosyne&oldid=1258455217"