Morphological freedom: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Proposed civil right}} |
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'''Morphological freedom''' refers to a proposed [[civil right]] of a [[person]] to either maintain or [[body modification|modify their own body]], on their own terms, through [[informed consent|informed, consensual]] recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling [[medical technology]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bostrom | first1 = N. | title = In Defense of Posthuman Dignity | doi = 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00437.x | journal = Bioethics | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 202–214 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16167401}}</ref> |
'''Morphological freedom''' refers to a proposed [[civil right]] of a [[person]] to either maintain or [[body modification|modify their own body]], on their own terms, through [[informed consent|informed, consensual]] recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling [[medical technology]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bostrom | first1 = N. | title = In Defense of Posthuman Dignity | doi = 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00437.x | journal = Bioethics | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 202–214 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16167401}}</ref> |
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The term may have been coined by [[transhumanist]] [[Max More]] in his 1993 article, |
The term may have been coined by [[transhumanist]] [[Max More]] in his 1993 article, “Technological Self-Transformation: Expanding Personal Extropy”, where he defined it as "the ability to alter bodily form at will through technologies such as surgery, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, uploading". The term was later used by science debater and futurist [[Anders Sandberg]] as "an extension of one’s right to one’s body, not just [[self-ownership]] but also the right to modify oneself according to one’s desires."<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bradshaw | first1 = H. G. | last2 = Ter Meulen | first2 = R. | doi = 10.1093/jmp/jhq048 | title = A Transhumanist Fault Line Around Disability: Morphological Freedom and the Obligation to Enhance | journal = Journal of Medicine and Philosophy | volume = 35 | issue = 6 | pages = 670–684 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21076073}}</ref> |
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The Massachusetts |
The [[Massachusetts]]-headquartered charity, the [[Freedom of Form Foundation]], was founded in 2018 to advocate and fund scientific research furthering progress on morphological freedom, the tools required to achieve it and its general acceptance in society at large.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About us|url=https://freedomofform.org/about-us/|access-date=2020-06-14|language=en-US}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=September 2022}} |
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== Politics == |
== Politics == |
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According to [[technocritic]] [[Dale Carrico]], the politics of morphological freedom imply a commitment to the value, standing, and social legibility of the widest possible variety of desired [[morphology (biology)|morphologies]] and [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]]s. More specifically, morphological freedom is an expression of [[Liberalism in the United States|liberal]] [[Pluralism (political philosophy)|pluralism]], [[secularism]], [[progressivism|progressive]] [[cosmopolitanism]], and [[posthumanist]] [[multiculturalism]]s applied to the ongoing and upcoming transformation of the understanding of |
According to [[technocritic]] [[Dale Carrico]], the politics of morphological freedom imply a commitment to the value, standing, and social legibility of the widest possible variety of desired [[morphology (biology)|morphologies]] and [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]]s. More specifically, morphological freedom is an expression of [[Liberalism in the United States|liberal]] [[Pluralism (political philosophy)|pluralism]], [[secularism]], [[progressivism|progressive]] [[cosmopolitanism]], and [[posthumanist]] [[multiculturalism]]s applied to the ongoing and upcoming transformation of the understanding of medical practice from one of conventional therapy to one of [[informed consent|consensual]] [[Self-determination theory|self-determination]], via [[human genetic engineering|genetic]], [[cyberware|prosthetic]], and [[neuropharmacology|cognitive]] modification.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} |
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==Religion== |
==Religion== |
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According to authors Calvin Mercer and Tracy J. Trothen there is tension between religion and |
According to authors [[Calvin Mercer]] and [[Tracy J. Trothen]] there is tension between religion and [[transhumanist]]s, particularly the [[Abrahamic]] traditions, with regards to morphological freedom. While religion generally recognizes the need to heal people and improve their situation from a medical perspective they are generally hesitant to promote a wholesale modification of the body as they see it ultimately belonging to [[God]].<ref name="MercerTrothen2014">{{cite book|author1=Calvin Mercer|author2=Tracy J. Trothen|title=Religion and Transhumanism: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GFhBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA303|pages=303–311|date=17 November 2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-4408-3326-7}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{div col|colwidth=40em}} |
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* [[Artistic freedom]] |
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* [[Autonomy]] |
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* [[Bodily integrity]] |
* [[Bodily integrity]] |
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* [[Cognitive liberty]] |
* [[Cognitive liberty]] |
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* [[Gender-affirming hormone therapy]] |
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* [[Gender-affirming surgery]] |
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* [[My body, my choice]] |
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* [[Neuroenhancement]] |
* [[Neuroenhancement]] |
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* [[Otherkin]] |
* [[Otherkin]] |
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* [[Postgenderism]] |
* [[Postgenderism]] |
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* [[Reproductive rights]] |
* [[Reproductive rights]] |
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* [[Self-ownership]] |
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{{div col end}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{cite |
*{{cite web |author=Carrico, Dale |author-link=Dale Carrico |title=The Politics of Morphological Freedom |website=Amor Munro blog|date=2006 |url=http://amormundi.blogspot.com/2006/08/politics-of-morphological-freedom.html |accessdate=2007-01-28}} |
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*{{cite |
*{{cite web |last=Sandberg |first=Anders |author-link=Anders Sandberg |title=Morphological Freedom -- Why We not just Want it, but ''Need'' it|date=2001 |url=https://www.aleph.se/Nada/Texts/MorphologicalFreedom.htm| accessdate=2024-03-07}} |
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{{Liberty}} |
{{Liberty}} |
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[[Category:Bioethics]] |
[[Category:Bioethics]] |
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[[Category:Human rights concepts]] |
[[Category:Human rights concepts]] |
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[[Category:Morphology |
[[Category:Morphology]] |
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[[Category:Transhumanism]] |
[[Category:Transhumanism]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:45, 20 November 2024
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Morphological freedom refers to a proposed civil right of a person to either maintain or modify their own body, on their own terms, through informed, consensual recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling medical technology.[1]
The term may have been coined by transhumanist Max More in his 1993 article, “Technological Self-Transformation: Expanding Personal Extropy”, where he defined it as "the ability to alter bodily form at will through technologies such as surgery, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, uploading". The term was later used by science debater and futurist Anders Sandberg as "an extension of one’s right to one’s body, not just self-ownership but also the right to modify oneself according to one’s desires."[2]
The Massachusetts-headquartered charity, the Freedom of Form Foundation, was founded in 2018 to advocate and fund scientific research furthering progress on morphological freedom, the tools required to achieve it and its general acceptance in society at large.[3][non-primary source needed]
Politics
[edit]According to technocritic Dale Carrico, the politics of morphological freedom imply a commitment to the value, standing, and social legibility of the widest possible variety of desired morphologies and lifestyles. More specifically, morphological freedom is an expression of liberal pluralism, secularism, progressive cosmopolitanism, and posthumanist multiculturalisms applied to the ongoing and upcoming transformation of the understanding of medical practice from one of conventional therapy to one of consensual self-determination, via genetic, prosthetic, and cognitive modification.[citation needed]
Religion
[edit]According to authors Calvin Mercer and Tracy J. Trothen there is tension between religion and transhumanists, particularly the Abrahamic traditions, with regards to morphological freedom. While religion generally recognizes the need to heal people and improve their situation from a medical perspective they are generally hesitant to promote a wholesale modification of the body as they see it ultimately belonging to God.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Bostrom, N. (2005). "In Defense of Posthuman Dignity". Bioethics. 19 (3): 202–214. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00437.x. PMID 16167401.
- ^ Bradshaw, H. G.; Ter Meulen, R. (2010). "A Transhumanist Fault Line Around Disability: Morphological Freedom and the Obligation to Enhance". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 35 (6): 670–684. doi:10.1093/jmp/jhq048. PMID 21076073.
- ^ "About us". Retrieved 2020-06-14.
- ^ Calvin Mercer; Tracy J. Trothen (17 November 2014). Religion and Transhumanism: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. ABC-CLIO. pp. 303–311. ISBN 978-1-4408-3326-7.
External links
[edit]- Carrico, Dale (2006). "The Politics of Morphological Freedom". Amor Munro blog. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
- Sandberg, Anders (2001). "Morphological Freedom -- Why We not just Want it, but Need it". Retrieved 2024-03-07.
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