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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
'''Nek Muhammad Wazir''' (1975-2004) ([[Urdu]]: نیک محمد وزیر) (AKA ''Nek Mohammed'') was a charismatic [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] military leader.<ref name=Bbc20040618>
{{Use Pakistani English|date=May 2023}}
{{cite news
{{Infobox officeholder
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3819871.stm
| name = '''Nek Muhammad Wazir'''<br />{{lang|ps|{{Nastaliq|نیک محمد وزیر}}}}
| title=Profile: Nek Mohammed
| birth_date = 1975
| publisher=[[BBC]]
| image = Nek Muhammad Wazir.jpg
| author=[[Rahimullah Yusufzai]]
| caption =
| date=Friday, [[18 June]], [[2004]]
| birth_place = [[Kalosha]], [[South Waziristan]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]
| accessdate=2008-01-07
| death_date = 18 June 2004
}}</ref><ref name=Dawn20040619>
| death_place = [[South Waziristan]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]
{{cite news
| office= Leader of the Pakistani Taliban
| url=http://www.dawn.com/2004/06/19/latest.htm
| term_start= c. 2003
| title=Profile of Nek Mohammad
| term_end= 18 June 2004
| publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)]]
| predecessor=
| author=[[M. Ilyas Khan]]
| date=[[June 19]] [[2004]]
| successor= [[Baitullah Mehsud]]
| allegiance = [[File:Flag of the Taliban.svg|25px]] [[Taliban|Afghan Taliban]] <br/> (1995–2001)<br/>[[File:Flag of the Taliban.svg|25px]] [[Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan|Pakistani Taliban]] <br/> (2001–2004)
| accessdate=2008-01-07
| serviceyears = Early 1990s–2004
}}</ref>
| rank = Leader of the [[Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan|Pakistani Taliban]]
He was killed in an airstrike by American forces in [[South Waziristan]], [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|FATA]], [[Pakistan]] in June, 2004.
| battles=
{{tree list}}
* [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan Conflict]]
** [[Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)|Afghan Civil War]]
** [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]
*** [[War in North-West Pakistan]]
**** [[Battle of Wanna]]
{{tree list/end}}
}}

'''Nek Muhammad Wazir''' ([[Pashto language|Pashto]]/{{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|نیک محمد وزیر}}}}{{lrm}}, also '''Nek Mohammed'''; 1975 – {{Death date|2004|06|18|df=y}}) was a prominent [[Pakistan]]i [[mujahideen]] or [[jihad]]i leader.<ref name=Bbc20040618>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3819871.stm |title=Profile: Nek Mohammed|publisher=BBC News|author=Rahimullah Yusufzai|author-link=Rahimullah Yusufzai|date= 18 June 2004| accessdate=7 January 2008}}</ref><ref name=Dawn20040619>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/2004/06/19/latest.htm|title=Profile of Nek Mohammad|newspaper=[[Dawn News]]|author=M. Ilyas Khan|date=19 April 2004|accessdate=7 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20041011115340/http://www.dawn.com/2004/06/19/latest.htm |archivedate=11 October 2004}}</ref><ref name=Frontline>{{cite news |url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/taliban/militants/mohammed.html|title=Return of the Taliban: Nek Mohammed|publisher=[[PBS Frontline]] |accessdate=29 April 2009}}</ref> He was killed in a US [[drone strike]] in [[South Waziristan]], [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|FATA]], [[Pakistan]] in 2004.<ref name="drone">{{cite web|url=http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2011/07/18/us-drone-strikes-rise-from-one-a-year-to-one-every-four-days/ |title=Drone strikes rise to one every four days |publisher=The Bureau of Investigative Journalism |date=18 July 2011 |accessdate=8 October 2011 |url-status=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015032011/http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2011/07/18/us-drone-strikes-rise-from-one-a-year-to-one-every-four-days/ |archivedate=15 October 2011 }}</ref> This was the first CIA [[Drone attacks in Pakistan|drone strike inside Pakistan]].<ref name="drone"/><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/07/world/asia/origins-of-cias-not-so-secret-drone-war-in-pakistan.html ''A Secret Deal on Drones, Sealed in Blood''] 6 April 2013 New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2013.</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Nek Muhammad belonged to the Yargul Khail subclan of the [[Ahmadzai (Wazir clan)|Ahmadzai Wazir]] [[Pashtun tribes|Pashtun tribe]]. According to Pakistan's ''[[Dawn News]]'', his father:<ref name=Dawn20040619/> {{quotation|


"...had inherited a maliki which entitled him to token government allowances as well as a vote in the restricted franchise system and a [[khasadari]], a political policeman's job which comes under a tribal system of distribution called [[nikat]]."}}
Nek Muhammad belonged to the Yargul Khai subclan of the [[Ahmadzai]] tribe.
According to ''Dawn'' his fatherp<ref name=Dawn20040619/>: {{quotation|
"...had inherited a [[maliki]] which entitled him to token government allowances as well as a vote in the restricted franchise system and a [[khasadari]], a political policeman's job which comes under a tribal system of distribution called [[nikat]]."}}


Here, a ''Maliki '' being inherited is probably using the term in the sense where it refers to a position of political intermediary and local representative, or ''Malik''.
Nek's father, Nawaz Khan, was a member of the tribal elite and owned property in the village of Kalosha, South Waziristan, close to the Afghanistan border: Nek Muhammad was his second child. Muhammad was expelled from one madrassa for poor discipline.
He received his early education at an Islamic school run by Jamiat-i-Ulema-i-Islam leader Maulana Noor Mohammed.
Nek studied for five years at the [[Jamia Darul Uloom Waziristan]]. According to one of his teachers he was a strong-willed student<ref name=Dawn20040619/>: {{quotation|
"Nek never had an intellectual mind but some other traits of his personality became evident during his stay at the Darul Uloom.
He showed himself to be a hard-headed boy, endowed with an impenetrable soul and an obstinate determination to carry out his will no matter how mindless it might be."}}


Nek's father, Nawaz Khan, was a member of the tribal elite and owned property in the village of [[Kalosha]], [[South Waziristan]], close to the Afghanistan border: Nek Muhammad was his second child. Muhammad was expelled from one madrassa for poor discipline. He received his early education at an Islamic school run by [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam|Jamiat-i-Ulema-i-Islam]] leader [[Noor Muhammad]].
He was later admitted to a college run by Pashtun nationalists, the [[Pakhtunkho Awami Party]], but did not complete his studies, choosing instead to start a shop in the main bazaar of [[Wana (Pakistan)|Wana]].
Nek studied for five years at the [[Jamia Darul Uloom Waziristan]]. One of his teachers stated that he was a strong-willed student:<ref name=Dawn20040619/> {{quotation|


"Nek never had an intellectual mind, but some other personality traits became evident during his stay at the Darul Uloom.
==Role in Afghanistan==
He showed himself to be a hard-headed boy, endowed with an impenetrable soul and an obstinate determination to carry out his will no matter how mindless it might be."}}


He was later admitted to a college run by the [[Awami National Party]] (ANP) but did not complete his studies, choosing instead to start a shop in the main bazaar of [[Wana (Pakistan)|Wana]].
Wana at the time was also a significant supply and training base for [[Mujahideen]] activities in [[Afghanistan]]. When he was approximately 18 years of age, Muhammad joined the Mujahideen, recruited by his friend Mohammad Gul. He and Gul served with the forces of Saifullah Mansoor of Shah-i Kot. He, along with Mansoor, likely would have transferred his allegiance to the [[Taliban]] in 1995 or 1996. He rose rapidly in the ranks, becoming a sub-commander of a Waziri Taliban unit, and fighting in battles against [[Afghan Northern Alliance|Northern Alliance]] forces in [[Bagram]], [[Bamyan]] and [[Panjshir Province|Panjshir]]. He reportedly ultimately led a force of 3,000 Taliban at one time.


==With the Taliban in Afghanistan==
During this period he reportedly met [[al-Qaeda]] leader [[Osama bin Laden]] at the Rash Khor training camp, south of Kabul. He also met bin Laden's deputy, [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], and reportedly also became friends-in-arms with Taliban minister Mullah Nazir, the leader of the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]], [[Tohir Yo‘ldosh]], and Chinese separatist leader Hasan Mohsin. After the Taliban regime fell in late 2001, Muhammad returned to Wana, and from there reportedly facilitated the escape of many other Taliban and foreign fighters from Afghanistan.
During Nek Muhammad's childhood, Wana was a significant training base for [[mujahideen]] fighters in the 1980s [[Soviet–Afghan War]]. Around the age of 19, Muhammad joined the [[Taliban]], recruited by his friend Mohammad Gul. He and Gul served with the forces of [[Saif-ur-Rehman Mansoor]].<ref name=Dawn20040619/> He rose rapidly in the ranks, becoming a sub-commander of a Waziri Taliban unit, and fighting in battles against the [[Northern Alliance]] forces of [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]] in [[Bagram]], [[Bamyan Province|Bamyan]] and [[Panjshir Province|Panjshir]]. He reportedly ultimately led a force of 3,000 Taliban at one time.<ref name=Dawn20040619/>

During this period, he reportedly met [[al-Qaeda]] leader [[Osama bin Laden]] at the Rash Khor training camp south of Kabul. He also met bin Laden's deputy, [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], and reportedly also became friends-in-arms with Taliban minister Mullah Nazir, the leader of the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]], Tahir Yaldashev, and Uighur separatist leader [[Hasan Mahsum]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}


==Return to Waziristan==
==Return to Waziristan==
After the Taliban regime fell in late 2001, Muhammad returned to Wana, where he reportedly facilitated the escape of many other Taliban and foreign fighters from Afghanistan.<ref name=Dawn20040619/>


Muhammad formed a new Pashtun organization called [[Jaishul al-Qiba al-Jihadi al-Siri al-Alami]]. This group allegedly ran training camps in South Waziristan for the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, and produced anti-Western literature and videos for indoctrination purposes. He reportedly became quite wealthy at this time, owning over 40 vehicles by December, 2003.
Muhammad formed a new organization called Jaishul al-Qiba al-Jihadi al-Siri al-Alami. This group allegedly ran training camps in South Waziristan for the Taliban and Al-Qaeda and produced [[Anti-Western sentiment|anti-Western]] literature and videos for indoctrination purposes. He reportedly became immensely wealthy, owning over 40 vehicles by December 2003.


Some members of this group were also recruited into Jundullah, a militant anti-government organization. Jundullah members Attaur Rehman and Abu Musab al-Balochi (al-Baloshi) would later be implicated in the attempted assassination of a senior military official in [[Karachi]]. Jundullah's media studio, Ummat, was allegedly connected with Al-Qaeda's media front organization, the Al-Sahab Foundation, and Jundullah itself with Al-Qaeda leader [[Khalid Shaikh Mohammed]]. Ummat also produced anti-Western and anti-government videos.
Some members of this group were also recruited into Jundullah, a militant anti-government organization. Jundullah members Attaur Rehman and Abu Musab al-Balochi (al-Baloshi) would later be implicated in the attempted assassination of a senior military official in [[Karachi]]. Jundullah's media studio, Ummat, was allegedly connected with Al-Qaeda's media front organization, the Al-Sahab Foundation, and Jundullah itself with Al-Qaeda leader [[Khalid Shaikh Mohammed]]. Ummat also produced anti-Western and anti-government videos.


In April of 2004, Muhammed, as leader of anti-government militant forces in South Waziristan fighting in the "[[Waziristan War]]", accepted an offer of a cease-fire and amnesty with Pakistani forces. The ceasefire lasted only briefly before conflict resumed, however.
In April 2004, Muhammed, as leader of anti-government militant forces in South Waziristan fighting in the [[Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Waziristan War]], accepted an offer of a cease-fire and amnesty with Pakistani forces.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rashid |first1=Ahmed |title=Pakistan in the Brink |date=2012 |publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=9781846145858 |page=51}}</ref> The ceasefire lasted only briefly before conflict resumed, however.


==Death==
At the time of his death Mohammad was accused of having provided a safe haven for Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, and also to fighters from [[Chechnya]] and other conflicts.<ref name=Bbc20040618/>
At the time of his death Mohammad was accused of having provided a safe haven for Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, and also to fighters from [[Chechnya]] and other conflicts.<ref name=Bbc20040618/> When he was killed the [[Voice of America]] called Wazir an "al Qaida facilitator".<ref name=Dhs20040621>{{cite news|url=http://osd.gov.com/osd/200406_june/DHS_IAIP_Daily_2004-06-21.pdf|format=PDF|title=Department of Homeland Security IAIP Directorate Daily Open Source Infrastructure Report for 21 June 2004|publisher=[[Department of Homeland Security]]|date=21 June 2004|accessdate=7 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711120204/http://osd.gov.com/osd/200406_june/DHS_IAIP_Daily_2004-06-21.pdf|archive-date=11 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Voa20040618>{{cite news| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/pakistan/2004/pakistan-040618-3c9df646.htm|title=Pakistan Military Kills Alleged Al Qaida Facilitator|newspaper=[[Voice of America]]|author=Ayaz Gul|date=18 June 2004|accessdate=7 January 2008}}</ref>
When he was killed the [[Voice of America]] called Mohammad an "[[al Qaida facilitator]]".<ref name=Dhs20040621>
{{cite news
| url=http://osd.gov.com/osd/200406_june/DHS_IAIP_Daily_2004-06-21.pdf
| title=Department of Homeland Security IAIP Directorate Daily Open Source Infrastructure Report for 21 June 2004
| publisher=[[Department of Homeland Security]]
| author=
| date=[[21 June]] [[2004]]
| accessdate=2008-01-07
}}</ref><ref name=Voa20040618>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/pakistan/2004/pakistan-040618-3c9df646.htm
| title=Pakistan Military Kills Alleged Al Qaida Facilitator
| publisher=[[Voice of America]]
| author=[[Ayaz Gul]]
| date=[[June 18]] [[2004]]
| accessdate=2008-01-07
}}</ref>


Only a day after the famous Shakai agreement with Pakistan's military in April 2004, in a long interview with the Voice of America Pashto Correspondent Mukhtar Ahmad, Nek Mohammad disclosed that he would never abandon his ''jihad'' against the US and other allied forces in Afghanistan. A few miles away from Wana, in this face-to-face radio interview, Mohammad vowed to continue his support for Al-Qaeda and Taliban and argued that no peace agreement with the Pakistani government could compel him to force the Al-Qaeda fighters and other foreign militants to leave Pakistan's tribal area.{{fact|date=May 2023}}
The Pakistani army said it was responsible for Muhammad's death, but PBS ''[[Frontline (US TV series)|Frontline]]'' reported in 2006 that he had actually been killed by a missile from an American Predator [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]].

Despite Nek Mohammad's hatred for the US and Western media, he often appeared on their Pashto channels. He had stated on several occasions that VOA and Radio Azadi were the mouthpieces of the US government and that its broadcasters and reporters are the 'paid agents' or 'spies' for the US.{{fact|date=May 2023}}

On 18 June 2004, after signing the Shakai Peace deal, he was killed in a missile attack. The Pakistani army stated that it was responsible for Muhammad's death, but PBS ''[[Frontline (US TV series)|Frontline]]'' reported in 2006 that he had been killed along with four other suspected militants and two children by a missile from an American [[General Atomics MQ-1 Predator|Predator]] [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]],<ref name=Frontline/> allegedly as they sat eating dinner.<ref name="drone"/> According to [[Mark Mazzetti]], author of ''The Way of the Knife: The CIA, a Secret Army, and a War at the Ends of the Earth'', the killing of Nek Muhammed, who had been marked by Pakistan as an [[enemy of the state]], was a condition for a secret deal between the United States and Pakistan to allow the use by the CIA of drones in Pakistan airspace to kill individuals designated as enemies of the US.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Secret Deal on Drones, Sealed in Blood |author=Mark Mazzetti |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/07/world/asia/origins-of-cias-not-so-secret-drone-war-in-pakistan.html?pagewanted=all |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 April 2013 |accessdate=7 April 2013}}</ref>

According to Asad Durrani, a retired 3-star rank general and former director-general of the Pakistan Army's Military Intelligence, Mohammad was killed by an American drone.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Durrani|first=Asad|title=Pakistan Adrift|publisher=C. Hurst & Co.|year=2018|isbn=9781787381599|location=London|pages=95}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


{{Authority control}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.khyber.org/people/sarfaroshan/NekMuhammadWazir.shtml Nek Muhammad Wazir]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Wazir, Nek Muhammad}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad Wazir, Nek}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths by drone strikes of the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan]]

[[Category:Pashtun people]]
{{Pakistan-bio-stub}}
[[Category:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan members]]

[[Category:Taliban leaders]]
[[ur:کمانڈر نیک محمد]]
[[Category:People from South Waziristan]]

Latest revision as of 12:18, 20 November 2024

Nek Muhammad Wazir
نیک محمد وزیر
Leader of the Pakistani Taliban
In office
c. 2003 – 18 June 2004
Succeeded byBaitullah Mehsud
Personal details
Born1975
Kalosha, South Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Died18 June 2004
South Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Military service
Allegiance Afghan Taliban
(1995–2001)
Pakistani Taliban
(2001–2004)
Years of serviceEarly 1990s–2004
RankLeader of the Pakistani Taliban
Battles/wars

Nek Muhammad Wazir (Pashto/Urdu: نیک محمد وزیر‎, also Nek Mohammed; 1975 – (2004-06-18)18 June 2004) was a prominent Pakistani mujahideen or jihadi leader.[1][2][3] He was killed in a US drone strike in South Waziristan, FATA, Pakistan in 2004.[4] This was the first CIA drone strike inside Pakistan.[4][5]

Early life

[edit]

Nek Muhammad belonged to the Yargul Khail subclan of the Ahmadzai Wazir Pashtun tribe. According to Pakistan's Dawn News, his father:[2]

"...had inherited a maliki which entitled him to token government allowances as well as a vote in the restricted franchise system and a khasadari, a political policeman's job which comes under a tribal system of distribution called nikat."

Here, a Maliki being inherited is probably using the term in the sense where it refers to a position of political intermediary and local representative, or Malik.

Nek's father, Nawaz Khan, was a member of the tribal elite and owned property in the village of Kalosha, South Waziristan, close to the Afghanistan border: Nek Muhammad was his second child. Muhammad was expelled from one madrassa for poor discipline. He received his early education at an Islamic school run by Jamiat-i-Ulema-i-Islam leader Noor Muhammad.

Nek studied for five years at the Jamia Darul Uloom Waziristan. One of his teachers stated that he was a strong-willed student:[2]

"Nek never had an intellectual mind, but some other personality traits became evident during his stay at the Darul Uloom.

He showed himself to be a hard-headed boy, endowed with an impenetrable soul and an obstinate determination to carry out his will no matter how mindless it might be."

He was later admitted to a college run by the Awami National Party (ANP) but did not complete his studies, choosing instead to start a shop in the main bazaar of Wana.

With the Taliban in Afghanistan

[edit]

During Nek Muhammad's childhood, Wana was a significant training base for mujahideen fighters in the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War. Around the age of 19, Muhammad joined the Taliban, recruited by his friend Mohammad Gul. He and Gul served with the forces of Saif-ur-Rehman Mansoor.[2] He rose rapidly in the ranks, becoming a sub-commander of a Waziri Taliban unit, and fighting in battles against the Northern Alliance forces of Ahmad Shah Massoud in Bagram, Bamyan and Panjshir. He reportedly ultimately led a force of 3,000 Taliban at one time.[2]

During this period, he reportedly met al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden at the Rash Khor training camp south of Kabul. He also met bin Laden's deputy, Ayman al-Zawahiri, and reportedly also became friends-in-arms with Taliban minister Mullah Nazir, the leader of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, Tahir Yaldashev, and Uighur separatist leader Hasan Mahsum.[citation needed]

Return to Waziristan

[edit]

After the Taliban regime fell in late 2001, Muhammad returned to Wana, where he reportedly facilitated the escape of many other Taliban and foreign fighters from Afghanistan.[2]

Muhammad formed a new organization called Jaishul al-Qiba al-Jihadi al-Siri al-Alami. This group allegedly ran training camps in South Waziristan for the Taliban and Al-Qaeda and produced anti-Western literature and videos for indoctrination purposes. He reportedly became immensely wealthy, owning over 40 vehicles by December 2003.

Some members of this group were also recruited into Jundullah, a militant anti-government organization. Jundullah members Attaur Rehman and Abu Musab al-Balochi (al-Baloshi) would later be implicated in the attempted assassination of a senior military official in Karachi. Jundullah's media studio, Ummat, was allegedly connected with Al-Qaeda's media front organization, the Al-Sahab Foundation, and Jundullah itself with Al-Qaeda leader Khalid Shaikh Mohammed. Ummat also produced anti-Western and anti-government videos.

In April 2004, Muhammed, as leader of anti-government militant forces in South Waziristan fighting in the Waziristan War, accepted an offer of a cease-fire and amnesty with Pakistani forces.[6] The ceasefire lasted only briefly before conflict resumed, however.

Death

[edit]

At the time of his death Mohammad was accused of having provided a safe haven for Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, and also to fighters from Chechnya and other conflicts.[1] When he was killed the Voice of America called Wazir an "al Qaida facilitator".[7][8]

Only a day after the famous Shakai agreement with Pakistan's military in April 2004, in a long interview with the Voice of America Pashto Correspondent Mukhtar Ahmad, Nek Mohammad disclosed that he would never abandon his jihad against the US and other allied forces in Afghanistan. A few miles away from Wana, in this face-to-face radio interview, Mohammad vowed to continue his support for Al-Qaeda and Taliban and argued that no peace agreement with the Pakistani government could compel him to force the Al-Qaeda fighters and other foreign militants to leave Pakistan's tribal area.[citation needed]

Despite Nek Mohammad's hatred for the US and Western media, he often appeared on their Pashto channels. He had stated on several occasions that VOA and Radio Azadi were the mouthpieces of the US government and that its broadcasters and reporters are the 'paid agents' or 'spies' for the US.[citation needed]

On 18 June 2004, after signing the Shakai Peace deal, he was killed in a missile attack. The Pakistani army stated that it was responsible for Muhammad's death, but PBS Frontline reported in 2006 that he had been killed along with four other suspected militants and two children by a missile from an American Predator UAV,[3] allegedly as they sat eating dinner.[4] According to Mark Mazzetti, author of The Way of the Knife: The CIA, a Secret Army, and a War at the Ends of the Earth, the killing of Nek Muhammed, who had been marked by Pakistan as an enemy of the state, was a condition for a secret deal between the United States and Pakistan to allow the use by the CIA of drones in Pakistan airspace to kill individuals designated as enemies of the US.[9]

According to Asad Durrani, a retired 3-star rank general and former director-general of the Pakistan Army's Military Intelligence, Mohammad was killed by an American drone.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Rahimullah Yusufzai (18 June 2004). "Profile: Nek Mohammed". BBC News. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d e f M. Ilyas Khan (19 April 2004). "Profile of Nek Mohammad". Dawn News. Archived from the original on 11 October 2004. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  3. ^ a b "Return of the Taliban: Nek Mohammed". PBS Frontline. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  4. ^ a b c "Drone strikes rise to one every four days". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  5. ^ A Secret Deal on Drones, Sealed in Blood 6 April 2013 New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  6. ^ Rashid, Ahmed (2012). Pakistan in the Brink. Allen Lane. p. 51. ISBN 9781846145858.
  7. ^ "Department of Homeland Security IAIP Directorate Daily Open Source Infrastructure Report for 21 June 2004" (PDF). Department of Homeland Security. 21 June 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  8. ^ Ayaz Gul (18 June 2004). "Pakistan Military Kills Alleged Al Qaida Facilitator". Voice of America. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  9. ^ Mark Mazzetti (6 April 2013). "A Secret Deal on Drones, Sealed in Blood". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  10. ^ Durrani, Asad (2018). Pakistan Adrift. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 95. ISBN 9781787381599.
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