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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox holiday
{{Infobox holiday
| image =
|image =File:Eid al-Ghadeer in Fatima Masumeh Shrine- Iran 2016 by tasnimnews.com 05.jpg
|image_size =
| image_size =
|caption = Eid al-Ghadeer celebration at a shrine in Iran
| caption = An imaginary drawing of Muhammad raising Ali's hand in Ghadir Khum
|nickname = Eid Al-Ghadeer; Yawm al-mithaq (Day of the Covenant)
| nickname = Eid Al-Ghadeer; Yawm al-mithaq (Day of the Covenant)
|type = [[Shia Islam]]
| type = [[Shia Islam]]
|significance = Appointment of [[Ali]] as the successor of [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]].
| significance = Appointment of [[Ali]] as the successor of [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]].
|observances = Prayers, gift-giving, festive meals, as well as reciting the ''[[Du'a Nudba]]'',
| observances = Prayers, gift-giving, festive meals, as well as reciting the ''[[Du'a Nudba]]'',
|observedby = Shia Muslims
| observedby = Shia Muslims
| date 2021 =
|date2021 = 29 July<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/iran/eid-e-ghadir|title=Eid-e-Ghadir in Iran in 2022}}</ref>
| date2022 =
|date2022 = 17 July<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamicfinder.org/islamic-calendar/1443/Dhul-Hijjah/?type=Hijri |title=Dhul Hijjah 1443 |website=Islamic Finder |access-date=2022-06-11}}</ref>
| date2024 = 25 June (Iran)<ref>{{cite web |title=Is Eid-e-Ghadir a Public Holiday? |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/iran/eid-al-ghadir |website=timeanddate}}</ref>
|startedby=|firsttime=|weekday=|frequency=|duration=|scheduling=|month=|official_name=|date=|ends=|begins=|celebrations=|litcolor=|alt=|holiday_name=|relatedto=}}
| holiday_name = Eid al-Ghadir
| date =
}}


'''Eid al-Ghadir''' ({{lang-ar|عید الغدیر|ʿīd al-ghadīr|feast of the pond}}) is an [[Islam]]ic commemorative holiday, and is considered to be among the significant holidays of [[Shia Islam|Shi'ite]] Muslims. The Eid is held on 18 [[Dhu al-Hijjah|Dhul-Hijjah]] at the time when the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] was said to have appointed [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] as his successor. According to [[Hadith|Shia hadiths]], this Eid has been named "Eid-e Bozorg-e Elāhi" ({{lang-fa|عید بزرگ الهی}}; i.e. the greatest divine Eid),<ref>[[Al-Hurr al-Aamili]], [[Wasā'il al-Shīʿa]], V.8, P.89</ref> "Eid [[Ahl al-Bayt]] Muhammad"<ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/353587 The celebration of Ghaidr] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 15 September 2018</ref><ref>Sayyed Ibn Tawus, Iqbal al-A'mal, V.2, P.261</ref> and Ashraf al-A'yaad (i.e. the supreme Eid).<ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/6645206 Eid Ghadir (Ghadeer)] yjc.ir</ref><ref>Muhammad ibn Ya'qub [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni|al-Kulayni]], [[Kitab al-Kafi]], V.4, P.148</ref>
'''Eid al-Ghadir''' ({{langx|ar|عید الغدیر|ʿīd al-ghadīr|feast of the pond}}) is a commemorative holiday, and is considered to be among the most significant holidays of [[Shiasm|Shi'ite]] Muslims and almost all [[Sufism|Sufi sects]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-22 |title=Gadir-i Hum Bayramı'na geri sayım başladı - Antakya Gazetesi |url=https://antakyagazetesi.com/gadir-i-hum-bayramina-geri-sayim-basladi/ |access-date=2024-06-22 |language=tr}}</ref> The Eid is held on 18 [[Dhu al-Hijjah|Dhul-Hijjah]] at the time when the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]]—according to interpretation in Shia—appointed [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] as his successor. According to [[Hadith|Shia hadiths]], this Eid has been named "Eid-e Bozorg-e Elāhi" ({{langx|fa|عید بزرگ الهی}}; i.e. the greatest divine Eid),<ref>[[Al-Hurr al-Aamili]], [[Wasā'il al-Shīʿa]], V.8, P.89</ref> "Eid [[Ahl al-Bayt]] Muhammad",<ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/353587 The celebration of Ghaidr] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 15 September 2018</ref><ref>Sayyed Ibn Tawus, Iqbal al-A'mal, V.2, P.261</ref> "Yom Al-[[Walayah|Wilayah]] (يوم الولاية) Day of the Guardianship "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-29 |title=مأرب.. فعالية لحرائر مديرية صرواح بذكرى يوم الولاية |url=https://www.saba.ye/ar/news3344055.htm |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=www.saba.ye |language=ar}}</ref> and Ashraf al-A'yaad (i.e. the supreme Eid).<ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/6645206 Eid Ghadir (Ghadeer)] yjc.ir</ref><ref>Muhammad ibn Ya'qub [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni|al-Kulayni]], [[Kitab al-Kafi]], V.4, P.148</ref>


== Religious background ==
== Religious background ==
{{Main|Event of Ghadir Khumm}}
{{Main|Event of Ghadir Khumm}}
Ten years after the migration (''[[Hijrah]]''), the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] ordered his followers to call upon people everywhere to join him in his first and last pilgrimage. Islamic scholars believe more than seventy thousand people followed Muhammad on his way to [[Mecca]], where, on the fourth day of the month of [[Dhu'l-Hijjah]], there were more than one hundred thousand Muslims present for his entry into the city.<ref>[https://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/incident.htm Ghadir Khum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915091526/https://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/incident.htm |date=15 September 2020 }} al-islam.org</ref><ref>[http://www.erfan.ir/english/89004.html Event of Ghadir Khumm] Irfan.ir</ref> While returning from this pilgrimage, on 18 [[Dhu'l-Hijjah]] 10 [[Islamic calendar|AH]] (March 632 CE) at an area known as [[The event of Ghadir Khumm|Ghadir Khumm]], Muhammad delivered a well-known sermon during which he called up his cousin, brother, and son-in-law [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] and declared, "to whomsoever I am ''[[Mawla]]'', Ali is also their ''Mawla''". While the meaning of the word ''Mawla'' can be interpreted in "master", and thus see the sermon as being the official designation of Ali as Muhammad's successor.<ref name="EncyclopediaIslam">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Vaglieri |first1=Laura Veccia |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |title=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia of Islam, Second Edition |year=2012 |access-date=11 October 2019 |publisher=Brill Online |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ghadir-khumm-SIM_2439}}</ref> As a result, the date of the sermon is considered to be one of the foundational events of Shia Islam, with the anniversary becoming one of its most important annual celebrations as "Eid al-Ghadir".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=James E. |title=Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World |year=1957 |page=163 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313322709 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J0WnWABM34C&pg=PA163 }}</ref><ref name=CampoP257-58>{{Cite book |last=Campo |first=Juan Eduardo |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |year=2009 |pages=257–58 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=9781438126968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA257}}</ref> To be more precise, Muhammad declared "Do I have more authority over you than you do yourselves?" They responded with "Yes oh prophet of Allah" He continued with " Then, to whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is also their ''Mawla''". While the meaning of the word ''Mawla'' can be interpreted in "friend" (as it has many meanings). The question asked set the context for it to be interpreted in "master" and in turn suggesting “leader.”
Ten years after the migration (''[[Hijrah]]''), the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] ordered his followers to call upon people everywhere to join him in his first and last pilgrimage. Islamic scholars believe more than seventy thousand people followed Muhammad on his way to [[Mecca]], where, on the fourth day of the month of [[Dhu'l-Hijjah]], there were more than one hundred thousand Muslims present for his entry into the city.<ref>[https://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/incident.htm Ghadir Khum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915091526/https://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/incident.htm |date=15 September 2020 }} al-islam.org</ref><ref>[http://www.erfan.ir/english/89004.html Event of Ghadir Khumm] Irfan.ir</ref> While returning from this pilgrimage, on 18 [[Dhu'l-Hijjah]] 10 [[Islamic calendar|AH]] (March 632 CE) at an area known as [[The event of Ghadir Khumm|Ghadir Khumm]], Muhammad delivered a well-known sermon during which he called up his cousin, brother, and son-in-law [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] and declared, "to whomsoever I am ''[[Mawla]]'', Ali is also their ''Mawla''". The meaning of the word ''Mawla'' can be interpreted as "master", and thus many see the sermon as being the official designation of Ali as Muhammad's successor.<ref name="EncyclopediaIslam">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Vaglieri |first1=Laura Veccia |author-link=Laura Veccia Vaglieri |title=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia of Islam, Second Edition |year=2012 |access-date=11 October 2019 |publisher=Brill Online |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ghadir-khumm-SIM_2439}}</ref> As a result, the date of the sermon is considered to be one of the foundational events of Shia Islam, with the anniversary becoming one of its most important annual celebrations as "Eid al-Ghadir".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=James E. |title=Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World |year=1957 |page=163 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313322709 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J0WnWABM34C&pg=PA163 }}</ref><ref name="CampoP257-58">{{Cite book |last=Campo |first=Juan Eduardo |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |year=2009 |pages=257–58 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=9781438126968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA257}}</ref> To be more precise, Muhammad declared "Do I have more authority over you than you do yourselves?" They responded with "Yes oh prophet of Allah" He continued with " Then, to whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is also their ''Mawla''". While the meaning of the word ''Mawla'' can be interpreted as "friend" (as it has many meanings), the question asked set the context for it to be interpreted as "master" and in turn suggested “leader”.


== Celebration ==
== Celebration ==
Line 24: Line 27:
Shia Muslims throughout the world celebrate this event annually with diverse customs.<ref>[http://www.irna.ir/sb/fa/News/83014691 The celebration of the event of Ghadir Khum] irna.ir</ref><ref>[https://www.afkarnews.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%DB%8C-14/779629-%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%85-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9 Eid (feast) Ghadir-Khum] afkarnews.com</ref> It is held in different countries, including [[Iran]],<ref>[https://www.farsnews.com/news/13970607000284 Ghadir Khum (Eid)]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} farsnews.com</ref><ref>[https://www.aparat.com/v/yAKjB/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1%DB%8C..._%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1...._%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2..1436%D9%87%26zwj%3B%D9%B0%D9%80 Ghadir celebration, Ahwaz, Iran] aparat.com</ref><ref>[http://www.irinn.ir/fa/news/622528/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1 Ghadir celebration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629231035/https://www.irinn.ir/fa/news/622528/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1 |date=29 June 2020 }} irinn.ir Retrieved 22 September 2018</ref> [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Azerbaijan]],<ref>[https://hawzah.net/fa/Magazine/View/4892/8227/109283 Islamic countries, Eid Ghadir Khum] hawzah.net</ref> [[Iraq]],<ref>[https://fa.alalam.ir/news/1744789 Iraq, Eid Ghadir-Khum] alalam.ir Retrieved 22 September 2018</ref><ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/169066 Eid Ghadir Khum, Iraq] shia-news.com Retrieved 22 September 2018</ref> [[UAE]], [[Yemen]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Turkey]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/yasam/gadiri-hum-bayrami-nedir-gadiri-hum-bayramini-kimler-ne-zaman-kutlar,IJWnjWP3kkqwv5QYIOPHRw|title=Gadir Hum Bayramı kutlanıyor (Gadir Hum Bayramı nedir? Gadiri Hum Bayramı'nı kimler, ne zaman kutlar?)}}</ref> [[Bahrain]], and [[Syria]]. Shia Muslims also celebrate Eid Ghadir in Europe and the Americas, including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France.<ref>[http://fa.alkawthartv.com/news/91759 Ghadir Khum, celebration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142143/https://fa.alkawthartv.com/news/91759 |date=26 June 2020 }} alkawthartv.com</ref><ref>[http://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/1799246 Eid Ghadir-Khum, in Georgia] iribnews.ir</ref><ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/126852 The celebration of Ghadir, in Saudi Arabia] shia-news.com</ref><ref>[http://iqna.ir/fa/news/2223403 Ghadir celebration in various countries of the world] iqna.ir</ref>
Shia Muslims throughout the world celebrate this event annually with diverse customs.<ref>[http://www.irna.ir/sb/fa/News/83014691 The celebration of the event of Ghadir Khum] irna.ir</ref><ref>[https://www.afkarnews.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%DB%8C-14/779629-%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%85-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9 Eid (feast) Ghadir-Khum] afkarnews.com</ref> It is held in different countries, including [[Iran]],<ref>[https://www.farsnews.com/news/13970607000284 Ghadir Khum (Eid)]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} farsnews.com</ref><ref>[https://www.aparat.com/v/yAKjB/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1%DB%8C..._%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1...._%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2..1436%D9%87%26zwj%3B%D9%B0%D9%80 Ghadir celebration, Ahwaz, Iran] aparat.com</ref><ref>[http://www.irinn.ir/fa/news/622528/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1 Ghadir celebration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629231035/https://www.irinn.ir/fa/news/622528/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1 |date=29 June 2020 }} irinn.ir Retrieved 22 September 2018</ref> [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Azerbaijan]],<ref>[https://hawzah.net/fa/Magazine/View/4892/8227/109283 Islamic countries, Eid Ghadir Khum] hawzah.net</ref> [[Iraq]],<ref>[https://fa.alalam.ir/news/1744789 Iraq, Eid Ghadir-Khum] alalam.ir Retrieved 22 September 2018</ref><ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/169066 Eid Ghadir Khum, Iraq] shia-news.com Retrieved 22 September 2018</ref> [[UAE]], [[Yemen]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Turkey]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/yasam/gadiri-hum-bayrami-nedir-gadiri-hum-bayramini-kimler-ne-zaman-kutlar,IJWnjWP3kkqwv5QYIOPHRw|title=Gadir Hum Bayramı kutlanıyor (Gadir Hum Bayramı nedir? Gadiri Hum Bayramı'nı kimler, ne zaman kutlar?)}}</ref> [[Bahrain]], and [[Syria]]. Shia Muslims also celebrate Eid Ghadir in Europe and the Americas, including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France.<ref>[http://fa.alkawthartv.com/news/91759 Ghadir Khum, celebration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142143/https://fa.alkawthartv.com/news/91759 |date=26 June 2020 }} alkawthartv.com</ref><ref>[http://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/1799246 Eid Ghadir-Khum, in Georgia] iribnews.ir</ref><ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/126852 The celebration of Ghadir, in Saudi Arabia] shia-news.com</ref><ref>[http://iqna.ir/fa/news/2223403 Ghadir celebration in various countries of the world] iqna.ir</ref>


In 2022, a 10-km long festival was held in [[Tehran]] marking the Ghadir ceremony with hundreds of thousands of the people pouring in Valiasr streets and the nearby streets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-18 |title=3 million Tehraners attend 10-km long Ghadir festival |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/189209/3-million-Tehraners-attend-10-km-long-Ghadir-festival |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=Mehr News Agency |language=en}}</ref>
In 2022, a 10-km long festival was held in [[Tehran]] marking the Ghadir ceremony with hundreds of thousands of the people pouring out into [[Valiasr Street]] and the nearby streets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-18 |title=3 million Tehraners attend 10-km long Ghadir festival |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/189209/3-million-Tehraners-attend-10-km-long-Ghadir-festival |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=Mehr News Agency |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, a massive celebration was held in multiple Yemeni Provinces where fireworks , bands , and speeches were held. In recent years Eid Al-Ghadir (known in [[Yemen]] as Yom Al-Wilaya) has been celebrated more ever since the [[Zaydism|Zaydi]] Shia Government took over Yemen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24 |title=Revolution Leader extends his congratulations to Yemeni people & all Muslims on "Wilayah " Guardianship Day anniversary |url=https://www.saba.ye/en/news3342638.htm |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=www.saba.ye |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24 |title=Event for Al-Sabeen, Al-Wahda & Al-Safia districts' people in capital secretariat on Guardianship Day anniversary |url=https://www.saba.ye/en/news3342619.htm |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=www.saba.ye |language=en}}</ref> Also in the same Year the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] Parliament declared Eid al-Ghadir to be an official public holiday with the encouragement of the [[Sadrist Movement|Sadrist]] Leader , [[Muqtada al-Sadr]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iraqi parliament approves controversial official holidays law, forwards to president |url=https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Iraqi-parliament-approves-controversial-official-holidays-law-forwards-to-president |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=Shafaq News |language=en}}</ref>


⚫
According to the narrations, [[Hassan ibn Ali]] used to hold ceremonies in [[Kufa]] on the day of Ghadir. [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] used to participate the ceremony accompanied by a group of his followers. After the ceremony, Hassan ibn Ali would give people gifts. Greeting, [[Handshake|hand shaking]], wearing new clothes, using perfume, making [[donation]]s, helping others, saying prayers, [[Eating|feeding]] others, making others happy and giving gifts to others are among the suggested customs reported in narrations.<ref>{{cite web |title=The customs and traditions of Eid al-Ghadir |url=http://noo.rs/93Vpp |website=Hawzah information center |access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>
===Customs===
⚫
According to the narrations, [[Hassan ibn Ali]] used to hold ceremonies in [[Kufa]] on the day of Ghadir. [[Ali ibn Abu Talib]] used to participate the ceremony accompanied by a group of his followers. After the ceremony, Hassan ibn Ali would give people gifts. Greeting, [[Handshake|hand shaking]], wearing new cloths, using perfume, making [[donation]]s, helping others, saying prayers, [[Eating|feeding]] others, making others happy and giving gifts to others are among the suggested customs reported in narrations.<ref>{{cite web |title=The customs and traditions of Eid al-Ghadir |url=http://noo.rs/93Vpp |website=Hawzah information center |access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 47: Line 51:
[[Category:Ali]]
[[Category:Ali]]
[[Category:Eid (Islam)]]
[[Category:Eid (Islam)]]
[[Category:History of Islam]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Shia days of remembrance]]
[[Category:Shia days of remembrance]]

Latest revision as of 14:26, 20 November 2024

Eid al-Ghadir
Also calledEid Al-Ghadeer; Yawm al-mithaq (Day of the Covenant)
Observed byShia Muslims
TypeShia Islam
SignificanceAppointment of Ali as the successor of Muhammad.
ObservancesPrayers, gift-giving, festive meals, as well as reciting the Du'a Nudba,
Date18 Dhu al-Hijjah
2024 date25 June (Iran)[1]

Eid al-Ghadir (Arabic: عید الغدیر, romanized: ʿīd al-ghadīr, lit. 'feast of the pond') is a commemorative holiday, and is considered to be among the most significant holidays of Shi'ite Muslims and almost all Sufi sects.[2] The Eid is held on 18 Dhul-Hijjah at the time when the Islamic prophet Muhammad—according to interpretation in Shia—appointed Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. According to Shia hadiths, this Eid has been named "Eid-e Bozorg-e Elāhi" (Persian: عید بزرگ الهی; i.e. the greatest divine Eid),[3] "Eid Ahl al-Bayt Muhammad",[4][5] "Yom Al-Wilayah (يوم الولاية) Day of the Guardianship "[6] and Ashraf al-A'yaad (i.e. the supreme Eid).[7][8]

Religious background

[edit]
Main article: Event of Ghadir Khumm

Ten years after the migration (Hijrah), the Islamic prophet Muhammad ordered his followers to call upon people everywhere to join him in his first and last pilgrimage. Islamic scholars believe more than seventy thousand people followed Muhammad on his way to Mecca, where, on the fourth day of the month of Dhu'l-Hijjah, there were more than one hundred thousand Muslims present for his entry into the city.[9][10] While returning from this pilgrimage, on 18 Dhu'l-Hijjah 10 AH (March 632 CE) at an area known as Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad delivered a well-known sermon during which he called up his cousin, brother, and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib and declared, "to whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is also their Mawla". The meaning of the word Mawla can be interpreted as "master", and thus many see the sermon as being the official designation of Ali as Muhammad's successor.[11] As a result, the date of the sermon is considered to be one of the foundational events of Shia Islam, with the anniversary becoming one of its most important annual celebrations as "Eid al-Ghadir".[12][13] To be more precise, Muhammad declared "Do I have more authority over you than you do yourselves?" They responded with "Yes oh prophet of Allah" He continued with " Then, to whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is also their Mawla". While the meaning of the word Mawla can be interpreted as "friend" (as it has many meanings), the question asked set the context for it to be interpreted as "master" and in turn suggested “leader”.

Celebration

[edit]

Shia Muslims throughout the world celebrate this event annually with diverse customs.[14][15] It is held in different countries, including Iran,[16][17][18] India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan,[19] Iraq,[20][21] UAE, Yemen, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Turkey,[22] Bahrain, and Syria. Shia Muslims also celebrate Eid Ghadir in Europe and the Americas, including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France.[23][24][25][26]

In 2022, a 10-km long festival was held in Tehran marking the Ghadir ceremony with hundreds of thousands of the people pouring out into Valiasr Street and the nearby streets.[27]

In 2024, a massive celebration was held in multiple Yemeni Provinces where fireworks , bands , and speeches were held. In recent years Eid Al-Ghadir (known in Yemen as Yom Al-Wilaya) has been celebrated more ever since the Zaydi Shia Government took over Yemen.[28][29] Also in the same Year the Iraqi Parliament declared Eid al-Ghadir to be an official public holiday with the encouragement of the Sadrist Leader , Muqtada al-Sadr.[30]

According to the narrations, Hassan ibn Ali used to hold ceremonies in Kufa on the day of Ghadir. Ali ibn Abi Talib used to participate the ceremony accompanied by a group of his followers. After the ceremony, Hassan ibn Ali would give people gifts. Greeting, hand shaking, wearing new clothes, using perfume, making donations, helping others, saying prayers, feeding others, making others happy and giving gifts to others are among the suggested customs reported in narrations.[31]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Is Eid-e-Ghadir a Public Holiday?". timeanddate.
  2. ^ "Gadir-i Hum Bayramı'na geri sayım başladı - Antakya Gazetesi" (in Turkish). 22 June 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  3. ^ Al-Hurr al-Aamili, Wasā'il al-Shīʿa, V.8, P.89
  4. ^ The celebration of Ghaidr mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 15 September 2018
  5. ^ Sayyed Ibn Tawus, Iqbal al-A'mal, V.2, P.261
  6. ^ "مأرب.. فعالية لحرائر مديرية صرواح بذكرى يوم الولاية". www.saba.ye (in Arabic). 29 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  7. ^ Eid Ghadir (Ghadeer) yjc.ir
  8. ^ Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Kitab al-Kafi, V.4, P.148
  9. ^ Ghadir Khum Archived 15 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine al-islam.org
  10. ^ Event of Ghadir Khumm Irfan.ir
  11. ^ Vaglieri, Laura Veccia (2012). "G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm". Encyclopædia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  12. ^ Lindsay, James E. (1957). Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World. Greenwood Press. p. 163. ISBN 9780313322709.
  13. ^ Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. pp. 257–58. ISBN 9781438126968.
  14. ^ The celebration of the event of Ghadir Khum irna.ir
  15. ^ Eid (feast) Ghadir-Khum afkarnews.com
  16. ^ Ghadir Khum (Eid)[permanent dead link‍] farsnews.com
  17. ^ Ghadir celebration, Ahwaz, Iran aparat.com
  18. ^ Ghadir celebration Archived 29 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine irinn.ir Retrieved 22 September 2018
  19. ^ Islamic countries, Eid Ghadir Khum hawzah.net
  20. ^ Iraq, Eid Ghadir-Khum alalam.ir Retrieved 22 September 2018
  21. ^ Eid Ghadir Khum, Iraq shia-news.com Retrieved 22 September 2018
  22. ^ "Gadir Hum Bayramı kutlanıyor (Gadir Hum Bayramı nedir? Gadiri Hum Bayramı'nı kimler, ne zaman kutlar?)".
  23. ^ Ghadir Khum, celebration Archived 26 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine alkawthartv.com
  24. ^ Eid Ghadir-Khum, in Georgia iribnews.ir
  25. ^ The celebration of Ghadir, in Saudi Arabia shia-news.com
  26. ^ Ghadir celebration in various countries of the world iqna.ir
  27. ^ "3 million Tehraners attend 10-km long Ghadir festival". Mehr News Agency. 18 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  28. ^ "Revolution Leader extends his congratulations to Yemeni people & all Muslims on "Wilayah " Guardianship Day anniversary". www.saba.ye. 24 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  29. ^ "Event for Al-Sabeen, Al-Wahda & Al-Safia districts' people in capital secretariat on Guardianship Day anniversary". www.saba.ye. 24 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  30. ^ "Iraqi parliament approves controversial official holidays law, forwards to president". Shafaq News. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  31. ^ "The customs and traditions of Eid al-Ghadir". Hawzah information center. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
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