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{{Short description|State-owned oil company of Bahrain}}
{{Short description|State-owned oil company of Bahrain}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO)
| name = Bahrain Petroleum Company
| logo = Bapco logo16.png
| logo = Bapco logo16.png
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_size = 200px
| caption =
| caption =
| type = State owned
| type = [[State-owned enterprise]]
| traded_as =
| trade_name = BAPCO
| fate =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date|1929}} in Canada<br/>{{Start date|1999}}
| foundation = {{Start date|1929}} (original company)<br/>{{Start date|1999}} (current company)
| founder = [[Standard Oil Company of California]]
| founder = [[Standard Oil Company of California]] (original company)
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| location_city = [[Awali]]
| location_city = [[Awali]]
Line 17: Line 17:
| locations =
| locations =
| area_served =
| area_served =
| key_people = Dr. Dawood Nassif (CEO)
| key_people = Abdulrahman Jawahery (CEO)
| industry = [[Oil and gas industry]]
| industry = [[Petroleum industry|Petroleum]]
| products =
| products =
| services =
| services =
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| intl =
| intl =
}}
}}
The '''Bahrain Petroleum Company''' ('''BAPCO''') is an integrated [[national oil company]] of [[Bahrain]].
The '''Bahrain Petroleum Company''' ('''BAPCO''') is an integrated [[petroleum]] company that is the [[national oil company]] of [[Bahrain]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:Bahrain first oil well plaque.jpg|left|thumb|Plaque commemorating the [[First Oil Well, Bahrain|First Oil Well]]]]
[[File:Bahrain first oil well plaque.jpg|thumb|Plaque commemorating the [[First Oil Well, Bahrain|First Oil Well]]]]


The BAPCO was established in 1929 in [[Canada]] by [[Standard Oil Company of California]] for oil exploration activities in Bahrain.<ref name=vassiliou/><ref name=investment>
BAPCO was established in 1929 in [[Canada]] by [[Standard Oil Company of California]] for oil exploration activities in Bahrain.<ref name=vassiliou/><ref name=investment>
{{cite book
{{cite book
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pNKfJ-cEXiMC&pg=PA146
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pNKfJ-cEXiMC&pg=PA146
Line 71: Line 71:
| year = 2016
| year = 2016
| publisher = [[Lexington Books]]
| publisher = [[Lexington Books]]
| page=92}}
| page=92| isbn = 9781498545037
}}
</ref> On 31 May 1932, the company discovered the [[Bahrain Field]] (Awali Field). After exporting oil and constructing a refinery, it started with {{convert|10000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}} refining capacity in 1936.<ref name="enterprise" /> Later that year the Standard Oil Company of California signed an agreement with Texaco, which acquired a half of BAPCO's shares.<ref name=vassiliou>
</ref> On 31 May 1932, the company discovered the [[Bahrain Field]] (Awali Field). After exporting oil and constructing a refinery, it started with {{convert|10000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}} refining capacity in 1936.<ref name="enterprise" /> Later that year the Standard Oil Company of California signed an agreement with Texaco, which acquired a half of BAPCO's shares.<ref name=vassiliou>
{{cite book
{{cite book
Line 92: Line 93:
|year=2002
|year=2002
|isbn=9781857431322}}
|isbn=9781857431322}}
</ref> In 1978 the oil sector was nationalized and BAPCO assumed full control of the national energy sector.<ref name="Gulf" /> In 1999, the current Bahrain Petroleum Company was created when the '''Bahrain National Oil Company''', established in 1976, merged with BAPCO.<ref name=vassiliou/><ref name=routledge /> In 2018 BAPCO commissioned a new pipeline that replaced the over 70 years old pipeline infrastructure between Bahrain and [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="enterprise" /> In March 2019 construction work was started to upgrade the main oil refinery [[Sitra]]. The $5 billion project will increase the capacity to {{convert|380000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}}.<ref name="enterprise" /> On 29 December 2019, the company was allegedly targeted by Iranian hackers with data-wiping [[malware]] called Dustman, with only a small portion of the company's computers being affected.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iranian hackers target Bapco |url=http://www.tradearabia.com/news/IT_362679.html | date = 10 January 2020 |accessdate=12 January 2020 | agency = MANAMA |work= Trade Arabia}}</ref> Currently Peter Bartlett serves as CEO of the BAPCO.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/utilities-energy/dr-pete-bartlett/|title=Petroleum prospects: Dr Pete Bartlett|date=September 29, 2017|work=The CEO Magazine|accessdate=June 5, 2020}}</ref> BAPCO started their lubricants business unit in 2011 and launched its lubricants in 2015 in the local markets of Bahrain.
</ref> In 1978 the oil sector was nationalized and BAPCO assumed full control of the national energy sector.<ref name="Gulf" /> In 1999, the current Bahrain Petroleum Company was created when the '''Bahrain National Oil Company''', established in 1976, merged with BAPCO.<ref name=vassiliou/><ref name=routledge /> In 2018 BAPCO commissioned a new pipeline that replaced the over 70 years old pipeline infrastructure between Bahrain and [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="enterprise" /> In March 2019 construction work was started to upgrade the main oil refinery [[Sitra]]. The $5 billion project will increase the capacity to {{convert|380000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}}.<ref name="enterprise" /> Abdulrahman Jawahery is CEO of the BAPCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bapco board restructured; new Chairman, CEO named |url=http://tradearabia.com/news/OGN_388552.html |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=tradearabia.com}}</ref>


In August 2021, BAPCO signed a five year agreement for catalyst management with Chevron Joint Venture for $240 million. The clean fuels group specialist Advanced Refining Technologies (ART) which is the joint venture of Chevron and [[W. R. Grace and Company|W. R. Grace & Company]], will supply there Resid Hyrdocracking catalyst technology for the new Resid Hydrocracking unit (1RHCU) that is to be operational by 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chevron JV wins $240m catalyst management deal from Bapco |url=https://www.tradearabia.com/news/OGN_385756.html |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.tradearabia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |title=PROJECTS: Bahrain's BAPCO set to announce 2021 investments |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/projects/projects-bahrains-bapco-set-to-announce-2021-investments-snhjjzup |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref>
Bapco's Minister Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Ahmed]] appointed Dawood Nassif as chairman of the board of directors in July 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/business/energy/2019/07/16/Bahrain-orders-restructuring-of-board-of-directors-of-Bapco|title=Oil minister names Dawood Nassif chairman of Bahrain Petroleum Co: BNA|date=May 20, 2020|work=Alarabiya|accessdate=April 13, 2021}}</ref> In December 2020, BAPCO's chairman Dawood Nassif, said that the company was aiming to reduce all fuel oil production and focus on [[Diesel fuel]] and [[Jet fuel]] by 2025. This is to be achieved through a $6.0 billion upgrade and modernization project at the flagship [[Sitra]] [[Oil refinery|refinery]]. Oil Minister, Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa]] stated that construction on BAPCO's oil refinery expansion in Sitra had reached 60% completion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tradearabia.com/news/CONS_376573.html|title=Bapco refinery expansion work set for 2022 completion|date=December 22, 2020|work=TradeArabia|accessdate=April 21, 2021}}</ref> The expansion was to be completed by 2020 but due to delays cause by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], [[S&P Global Platts]] stated that the plan has changed. Nassif said "We're going to make [[Jet fuel]] for delivery in 2023, which we believe will be smack on the recovery."<ref name="eagle">{{cite web|url=https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/122220-refinery-news-roundup-fujairah-to-get-fourth-refinery-in-2021|title=Refinery news roundup: Fujairah to get fourth refinery in 2021|date=December 22, 2020|work=S&P Global|accessdate=April 28, 2021}}</ref> Bapco announced in June 2020, that there would be cuts made in [[Foreign worker]]s. [[Akhbar Al Khaleej]] told media that it was the company's intention to employ more [[Bahrain]]i nationals, especially with the [[Oil refinery|refinery]] expansion project to be completed in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/business/energy/bahrain-petroleum-decides-to-let-go-of-hundreds-of-expat-staff-1.1591952563709|title=Bahrain Petroleum decides to let go of 'hundreds' of expat staff|date=June 12, 2020|work=Gulf News|accessdate=April 30, 2021}}</ref>

In October 2021, BAPCO was released from the base oils joint venture with [[Neste]] and [[Nogaholding]], ending the presence of Neste in Bahrain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-05 |title=Neste to sell its base oils business to Chevron |url=https://www.petrolplaza.com/news/28300 |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.petrolplaza.com |language=EN}}</ref>

On 6 February 2022, BAPCO signed a [[Memorandum of understanding|Memorandum of Understanding]] (MoU) with [[Aluminium Bahrain]] B.S.C. (Alba) for the implementation of [[Environmental, social, and corporate governance|Environment, Social and Governance]] (ESG) initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Alba and BAPCO join forces to foster green and sustainable industrial development |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/press-release/alba-and-bapco-join-forces-to-foster-green-and-sustainable-industrial-development-akoijh0j |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-02-09 |title=Aluminium Bahrain And Bahrain Petroleum Company Ink Agreement On Sustainability Cooperation |url=https://aluminiuminsider.com/aluminium-bahrain-and-bahrain-petroleum-company-ink-agreement-on-sustainability-cooperation/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Aluminium Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2023, BAPCO became part of the BAPCO Energies brand together with [[Banagas|Bahrain National Gas Company]] (Banagas), Bahrain National Gas Expansion Company (Tawseah), Bahrain Aviation Fueling Company (Bafco) Tatweer Petroleum, and Bapco Retail Company (Tazweed).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |date=2023-05-30 |title=Bahrain nogaholding rebranded Bapco Energies, eyes big role |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/business/energy/bahrain-nogaholding-rebranded-bapco-energies-eyes-big-role-c3av2xw1 |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref>

BAPCO is a founding company of the Gulf Downstream Association (GDA).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=GDA Conference and Exhibition returns to Bahrain for second edition |url=https://www.oilandgasmiddleeast.com/downstream/gda-conference-and-exhibition-returns-to-bahrain-for-second-edition |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Oil & Gas Middle East}}</ref>

The Bapco Modernisation Programme (BMP) completed the construction of the main control building in July 2023 and celebrated with a ceremony, in which for the first time ever in the Middle East a three-dimensional model of the BMP was presented. The ceremony was attended by [[Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa]], who was also given a tour of the facilities and briefed about further BMP project progress. The BMP was 90% complete by August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |title=Bapco's multibillion-dollar expansion project on track |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/projects/oil-and-gas/bapcos-multibillion-dollar-expansion-project-on-track-q5fwtp8q |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-05 |title=Bahrain: Bapco's multi-billion refinery expansion project on track for completion |url=https://www.oilandgasmiddleeast.com/news/bahrain-bapcos-multi-billion-refinery-expansion-project-on-track-for-completion |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=Oil & Gas Middle East}}</ref>

In July 2023, Bapco Energies launched its Sustainability Linked Finance Framework, which fits into Bahrain's sustainability and climate change commitments to reduce emissions by 30% by 2035 and a net zero by 2060. In accordance with Bahrain's new energy strategy, Bapco Energies B.S.C began additional developments in August 2023 to become an energy company with [[fossil fuel]] based renewable energies. The company aims to generate 20% of Bahrain's energy from renewable sources by 2035 and continues to seek investment opportunities in renewable energy projects and [[carbon]] reduction technologies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Credit Impact from Bapco Energies' Strategic Transformation |url=https://www.fitchratings.com/research/international-public-finance/no-credit-impact-from-bapco-energies-strategic-transformation-14-08-2023 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.fitchratings.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Fareed |date=2023-05-08 |title=Bahrain aims to double renewable energy targets as Gulf countries step up production |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/energy/2023/05/08/bahrain-aims-to-double-renewable-energy-targets-as-gulf-countries-step-up-production/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |title=Bahrain says committed to national energy transition plan |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/business/energy/bahrain-says-committed-to-national-energy-transition-plan-igvmdc2t |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2024, BAPCO began a cooperation with [[TotalEnergies]] in order to optimize its Sitra refinery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Shivam |date=2024-03-05 |title=TotalEnergies partners with Bahrain's Bapco Energies |url=https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/totalenergies-partners-bapco-energies/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Offshore Technology |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-24 |title=Bahrain: TotalEnergies and Bapco Energies Join Forces in Petroleum Products Trading |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240303994146/en/Bahrain-TotalEnergies-and-Bapco-Energies-Join-Forces-in-Petroleum-Products-Trading |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Business Wire}}</ref> A strategic partnership between the two companies, which began in July 2024, provides BAPCO with additional market opportunities and trading strategies, as well as access to TotalEnergies' networks.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |title=Bapco Energies, Bahrain signs strategic agreement with TotalEnergies |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/world/middle-east/bapco-energies-bahrain-signs-strategic-agreement-with-totalenergies-p2eppzmp |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref>


==Operations==
==Operations==
BAPCO is an integrated oil company operating in the field of exploration, drilling, production, refining, and marketing. It operates a {{convert|260000|oilbbl/d|adj=on}} [[oil refinery]] which lies midway between the original BAPCO expat workers accommodation township of Awali and [[Sitra]].<ref name=mineral>
BAPCO is an integrated oil company operating in the field of refining, and marketing. It operates a {{convert|267000|oilbbl/d|adj=on}} [[oil refinery]] which lies midway between the original BAPCO expat workers accommodation township of Awali and [[Sitra]].<ref name=mineral>
{{cite book
{{cite book
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cOUq1JKeQ18C&pg=SA45-PA3
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cOUq1JKeQ18C&pg=SA45-PA3
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| work = Process Worldwide
| work = Process Worldwide
| accessdate= 2 June 2020}}
| accessdate= 2 June 2020}}
</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-03-10 |title=Bahrain's Bapco sees oil trading opportunities as it expands refinery |url=https://gulfbusiness.com/bahrains-bapco-sees-oil-trading-opportunities-expands-refinery/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Once the flagship [[Sitra]] [[Oil refinery|refinery]]'s expansion is completed in 2023, its capacity will be increased from 267,000 [[Barrel (unit)|bpd]] to 380,000 bpd.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="eagle">{{cite web|date=December 22, 2020|title=Refinery news roundup: Fujairah to get fourth refinery in 2021|url=https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/122220-refinery-news-roundup-fujairah-to-get-fourth-refinery-in-2021|work=S&P Global|accessdate=April 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |date=2020-11-12 |title=PROJECTS: Bahrain's BAPCO set to announce 2021 investments |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/projects/projects-bahrains-bapco-set-to-announce-2021-investments-snhjjzup |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref>
</ref>
Bapco started their lubricants business unit in 2011 and launched its lubricants in 2015 in the local markets of Bahrain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gazgroup.com/bapco-drives-into-consumer-lubricants-market-with-exciting-launch-offers/|title=Bapco Drives into Consumer Lubricants Market with Exciting Launch offers|date=September 7, 2015|work=Gulf Auto Zone|accessdate=June 5, 2020}}</ref> Unit was headed by Howard Hancock<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bapco.net/Files/eBook/BapcoNews/2011/May2011/files/newsletter%20may%202011.pdf|title=The Opening of House 14|date=May 2011|work=BAPCO News|accessdate=June 5, 2020}}</ref> and supported by Bhupinder Singh as Head Sales and Marketing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amea-conferences.com/pdf/AMEA-Base-Oil-Brochure.pdf |title=Co-Located Bitumen and Base Oil Conferences|date=August 1, 2018|work=AMEA Conferences|accessdate=June 5, 2020}}</ref> Once the flagship [[Sitra]] [[Oil refinery|refinery]]'s expansion is completed in 2022, its capacity will be increased from 267,000 [[Barrel (unit)|bpd]] to 380,000 bpd.<ref name="eagle" />


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 15:00, 20 November 2024

Bahrain Petroleum Company
BAPCO
Company typeState-owned enterprise
IndustryPetroleum
Founded1929 (1929) (original company)
1999 (1999) (current company)
FounderStandard Oil Company of California (original company)
Headquarters
Awali
,
Bahrain
Key people
Abdulrahman Jawahery (CEO)
OwnerGovernment of Bahrain
Websitewww.bapco.net

The Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) is an integrated petroleum company that is the national oil company of Bahrain.

History

[edit]
Plaque commemorating the First Oil Well

BAPCO was established in 1929 in Canada by Standard Oil Company of California for oil exploration activities in Bahrain.[1][2][3] It took over Bahrain's assets of Gulf Oil.[1] In 1930 it obtained the only oil concession in Bahrain.[4] BAPCO discovered first oil in 1931.[5] On 31 May 1932, the company discovered the Bahrain Field (Awali Field). After exporting oil and constructing a refinery, it started with 10,000 barrels per day (1,600 m3/d) refining capacity in 1936.[3] Later that year the Standard Oil Company of California signed an agreement with Texaco, which acquired a half of BAPCO's shares.[1] In 1975 more than 60% BAPCO's shares was acquired by the Government of Bahrain. In 1980, all BAPCO's shares were taken over by the Government of Bahrain.[1][6] In 1978 the oil sector was nationalized and BAPCO assumed full control of the national energy sector.[5] In 1999, the current Bahrain Petroleum Company was created when the Bahrain National Oil Company, established in 1976, merged with BAPCO.[1][6] In 2018 BAPCO commissioned a new pipeline that replaced the over 70 years old pipeline infrastructure between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.[3] In March 2019 construction work was started to upgrade the main oil refinery Sitra. The $5 billion project will increase the capacity to 380,000 barrels per day (60,000 m3/d).[3] Abdulrahman Jawahery is CEO of the BAPCO.[7]

In August 2021, BAPCO signed a five year agreement for catalyst management with Chevron Joint Venture for $240 million. The clean fuels group specialist Advanced Refining Technologies (ART) which is the joint venture of Chevron and W. R. Grace & Company, will supply there Resid Hyrdocracking catalyst technology for the new Resid Hydrocracking unit (1RHCU) that is to be operational by 2023.[8][9]

In October 2021, BAPCO was released from the base oils joint venture with Neste and Nogaholding, ending the presence of Neste in Bahrain.[10]

On 6 February 2022, BAPCO signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C. (Alba) for the implementation of Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) initiatives.[11][12]

In 2023, BAPCO became part of the BAPCO Energies brand together with Bahrain National Gas Company (Banagas), Bahrain National Gas Expansion Company (Tawseah), Bahrain Aviation Fueling Company (Bafco) Tatweer Petroleum, and Bapco Retail Company (Tazweed).[13]

BAPCO is a founding company of the Gulf Downstream Association (GDA).[14]

The Bapco Modernisation Programme (BMP) completed the construction of the main control building in July 2023 and celebrated with a ceremony, in which for the first time ever in the Middle East a three-dimensional model of the BMP was presented. The ceremony was attended by Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa, who was also given a tour of the facilities and briefed about further BMP project progress. The BMP was 90% complete by August 2023.[15][16]

In July 2023, Bapco Energies launched its Sustainability Linked Finance Framework, which fits into Bahrain's sustainability and climate change commitments to reduce emissions by 30% by 2035 and a net zero by 2060. In accordance with Bahrain's new energy strategy, Bapco Energies B.S.C began additional developments in August 2023 to become an energy company with fossil fuel based renewable energies. The company aims to generate 20% of Bahrain's energy from renewable sources by 2035 and continues to seek investment opportunities in renewable energy projects and carbon reduction technologies.[17][18][19]

In March 2024, BAPCO began a cooperation with TotalEnergies in order to optimize its Sitra refinery.[20][21] A strategic partnership between the two companies, which began in July 2024, provides BAPCO with additional market opportunities and trading strategies, as well as access to TotalEnergies' networks.[22]

Operations

[edit]

BAPCO is an integrated oil company operating in the field of refining, and marketing. It operates a 267,000-barrel-per-day (42,400 m3/d) oil refinery which lies midway between the original BAPCO expat workers accommodation township of Awali and Sitra.[23] The complex also includes storage facilities for 14 million barrels (2.2 million cubic metres), a marketing terminal, and a marine terminal. 95% of the company's products are for exports.[5] About one-sixth of this crude originates from the Bahrain Field, with the remainder being pumped from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco supplies approximately 350,000 barrels per day (56,000 m3/d) through the 112-kilometre (70 mi) pipeline from Aramco's Abqaiq Plant.[24][25] Once the flagship Sitra refinery's expansion is completed in 2023, its capacity will be increased from 267,000 bpd to 380,000 bpd.[25][26][27]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Vassiliou, Marius (2018). Historical dictionary of the petroleum industry, 2nd Ed. Historical dictionaries of professions and industries. Vol. 3. Rowman and Littlefield. p. 621. ISBN 978-1-5381-1159-8.
  2. ^ Lobna Ali Al-Khalifa (2010). Foreign Direct Investment in Bahrain. Universal-Publishers. p. 146. ISBN 9781599423210.
  3. ^ a b c d "Boosting production to 380,000 bpd". The Japan Times. 26 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  4. ^ The United States and Arab nationalism: the Syrian case, 1953-1960. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2009. p. 6. ISBN 9780275954260.
  5. ^ a b c Olimat, Muhamad S. (2016). China and the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Strategic Partnership in a Changing World. Lexington Books. p. 92. ISBN 9781498545037.
  6. ^ a b The Middle East and North Africa 2003 (49 ed.). [Routledge]. 2002. p. 225. ISBN 9781857431322.
  7. ^ "Bapco board restructured; new Chairman, CEO named". tradearabia.com. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  8. ^ "Chevron JV wins $240m catalyst management deal from Bapco". www.tradearabia.com. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  9. ^ "PROJECTS: Bahrain's BAPCO set to announce 2021 investments". www.zawya.com. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  10. ^ "Neste to sell its base oils business to Chevron". www.petrolplaza.com. 2021-10-05. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  11. ^ "Alba and BAPCO join forces to foster green and sustainable industrial development". www.zawya.com. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  12. ^ "Aluminium Bahrain And Bahrain Petroleum Company Ink Agreement On Sustainability Cooperation". Aluminium Insider. 2022-02-09. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  13. ^ "Bahrain nogaholding rebranded Bapco Energies, eyes big role". www.zawya.com. 2023-05-30. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
  14. ^ "GDA Conference and Exhibition returns to Bahrain for second edition". Oil & Gas Middle East. 2023-01-26. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
  15. ^ "Bapco's multibillion-dollar expansion project on track". www.zawya.com. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  16. ^ "Bahrain: Bapco's multi-billion refinery expansion project on track for completion". Oil & Gas Middle East. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
  17. ^ "No Credit Impact from Bapco Energies' Strategic Transformation". www.fitchratings.com. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  18. ^ Rahman, Fareed (2023-05-08). "Bahrain aims to double renewable energy targets as Gulf countries step up production". The National. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  19. ^ "Bahrain says committed to national energy transition plan". www.zawya.com. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  20. ^ Mishra, Shivam (2024-03-05). "TotalEnergies partners with Bahrain's Bapco Energies". Offshore Technology. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  21. ^ "Bahrain: TotalEnergies and Bapco Energies Join Forces in Petroleum Products Trading". Business Wire. 2024-03-24. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  22. ^ "Bapco Energies, Bahrain signs strategic agreement with TotalEnergies". www.zawya.com. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  23. ^ Minerals Yearbook, 2008, V. 3, Area Reports, International, Africa and the Middle East. United States Geological Survey. 2010. pp. 45–3. ISBN 9781411329652.
  24. ^ Rais, Ahlam (15 October 2018). "Saudi Aramco and Bapco Commission New Pipeline to Support Bahrain's Energy Demand". Process Worldwide. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  25. ^ a b "Bahrain's Bapco sees oil trading opportunities as it expands refinery". 2019-03-10. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
  26. ^ "Refinery news roundup: Fujairah to get fourth refinery in 2021". S&P Global. December 22, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  27. ^ "PROJECTS: Bahrain's BAPCO set to announce 2021 investments". www.zawya.com. 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
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