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{{Short description|Burmese insurgent, Ethnic Rakhine Militia Leader}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{family name hatnote|lang=Burmese|Twan Mrat Naing}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| name = Ngar Loe Ma Twan Mrat Naing<br>{{nobold|{{noitalics|{{my|ငါလိုးမထွန်းမြတ်နိုင်}}}}}}
| name = Twan Mrat Naing
| native_name = {{nobold|{{noitalics|{{lang|my|ထွန်းမြတ်နိုင်}}}}}}
| image = General Twan Mrat Naing.jpg
| image = Tun Myat Naing VOA Interview.png
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1978|11|7}}
| caption = General Twan Mrat Naing during an interview with Voice of America
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1978|11|7}}
| birth_place = [[Akyab]], [[Arakan State]], [[Burma]]
| birth_place = [[Akyab]], [[Arakan State]], [[Burma]]
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
| commands = Commander-in-Chief, [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakhee Army]]
| commands = Commander-in-Chief, [[Arakha Army]]
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| allegiance = [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakhee Army]]
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Infobox AA.png}} [[Arakan Army]]
| branch = [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakhee Army]]
| branch = {{flagicon image|Infobox AA.png}} [[Arakan Army]]
| serviceyears = 2009–present
| serviceyears = 2009–present
| rank = Sergent Major General
| rank = Major General
| spouse = Phar Thae Ma Hnin Zar Phyu ( ?- present )
| spouse = Hnin Zar Phyu (?- present )
| children = Khwee Thamae Saw Pyae Shun,Khwee Thar Myat Lin Zan
| children = Saw Prae Shun, Mrat Lurn Zan
| siblings =
| siblings =Ngar Loe Ma Aung Myat Kyaw ,Ngar Loe Ma Aye Tun ,Ngar Loe Ma Moe Hnin Phyu
| battles = [[Internal Conflict in Myanmar]] }}
| battles = [[Internal conflict in Myanmar]]
}}


Major General '''ngar loe ma Twan Mrat Naing''', also spelled '''Ngar Loe MaTun Myat Naing''' ({{lang-my|ငါလိုးမထွန်းမြတ်နိုင်}}), is the [[commander in chief]] of the [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakhee Army]], an [[Insurgency|insurgent group]] based in [[Kachin State]], [[Myanmar]] (Burma).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thearakanarmy.com/?page_id=4|title=About AA|work=Arakan Army|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thearakanarmy.com/?page_id=18|title=Arakan Army Leaders|work=Arakan Army|accessdate=1 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://karennews.org/2014/02/ethnic-leaders-have-their-say-part-1.html/|title=ETHNIC LEADERS HAVE THEIR SAY – PART 1|work=Karen News|accessdate=16 September 2017}}</ref>
Major General '''Twan Mrat Naing''' ([[Burmese language|Burmese]]: ထွန်းမြတ်နိုင်; also spelled '''Tun Myat Naing''') is an Arakanese revolutionary and [[commander in chief]] of the [[Arakan Army]], an [[List of insurgent groups in Myanmar|ethnic armed organization]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thearakanarmy.com/?page_id=4|title=About AA|work=Arakan Army|access-date=24 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thearakanarmy.com/?page_id=18|title=Arakan Army Leaders|work=Arakan Army|access-date=1 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624155715/http://thearakanarmy.com/?page_id=18|archive-date=June 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://karennews.org/2014/02/ethnic-leaders-have-their-say-part-1.html/|title=ETHNIC LEADERS HAVE THEIR SAY – PART 1|work=Karen News|access-date=16 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718095605/http://karennews.org/2014/02/ethnic-leaders-have-their-say-part-1.html/|archive-date=July 18, 2015}}</ref>


Ngar Loe Ma has led the [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakhee Army]] since its founding in 2009, and maintains the rank of Major General. Naing is of [[Arakanese people|Arakanese descent]] and resides in [[Laiza]], [[Kachin State]], where the Arakan Army's "temporary headquarters" are.
Twan Mrat Naing has led the [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakan Army]] since its founding in 2009, and maintains the rank of Major General. Twan Mrat Naing is of [[Arakanese people|Arakanese descent]] and resides in [[Laiza]], [[Kachin State]], where the Arakan Army's "temporary headquarters" are.


== Early life ==
⚫
Ngar Loe Ma was born in Sittwe, the state capital of Rakhine State. He left for jade mining in [[Kachin State]], recruiting disaffected Arakanese Buddhists to his insurgent group.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-01-15|title=Explainer: The insurgents plunging Myanmar's Rakhine back into chaos|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rakhine-explainer-idUSKCN1P90KZ|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> He was one of twenty-six men to form the Arakan Army with a support from the [[Kachin Independence Army]]. In 2018, the clashes between Arakan Army and Burmese military intensified in Northern [[Rakhine State]].
Naing was born in Akyab (now [[Sittwe]]), the state capital of Rakhine State, on 7 November 1978.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}


== Career ==
== Career ==
Tun Myat Naing is the current commander of the [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakan Army]]. In 1998, he planned to join [[Arakan National Council]] sadly their general was killed in action. After returning to Rakhine where he studied at [[Technological University, Sittwe]]. In 2004, he collaborated with [[Nyo Twan Awng]] (also known as Zaw Myo Thet), a surgeon doctor who is now a Vice Commander in-Chief of [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakan Army]]. In 2009, they founded the Arakan Army.
He previously worked as a tour guide in Yangon.<ref>{{Cite journal|publisher= International Crisis Group|date=2021|title=Rakhine: A Test Run for Repression|journal=Myanmar's Military Struggles to Control the Virtual Battlefield |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep31782.5|pages=Page 4–Page 10}}</ref> In 1998, he planned to join the [[National United Party of Arakan]] but their general was killed in action. After returning to Rakhine where he studied at [[Technological University, Sittwe]].


⚫
In 2004, he collaborated with [[Nyo Twan Awng]] (also known as Zaw Myo Thet), a surgeon doctor who is currently a Vice Commander in-Chief of [[Arakha Army]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} In 2009, they founded the Arakan Army. While mining for jade in [[Kachin State]], he recruited disaffected Arakanese Buddhists to his insurgent group.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-01-15|title=Explainer: The insurgents plunging Myanmar's Rakhine back into chaos|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rakhine-explainer-idUSKCN1P90KZ|access-date=2020-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207233312/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rakhine-explainer-idUSKCN1P90KZ|archive-date=December 7, 2022}}</ref> He was one of twenty-six men to form the Arakan Army with support from the [[Kachin Independence Army]].
== Arrests by Myanmar government ==
⚫
On 10 July 2019, Aung Mrat Kyaw, Twan Mrat Naing's younger brother, along with five Arakanese were detained by the Singaporean government and deported to Myanmar, where they were arrested shortly after arriving. Singapore's home ministry said they had organized and mobilized some members of the Myanmar community in Singapore to support the [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakan Army]], and its political wing, the United League of Arakan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Myanmar citizens deported from Singapore over alleged insurgent ties remanded in custody |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rakhine-singapore/myanmar-citizens-deported-from-singapore-over-alleged-insurgent-ties-remanded-in-custody-idUSKCN1UL0XY |work=Reuters |date=26 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AA Chief’s Brother, Several Arakanese Arrested in Singapore |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/aa-chiefs-cousin-several-arakanese-arrested-singapore.html |work=The Irrawaddy |date=10 July 2019}}</ref>


In June 2022, military spokespeople from the [[State Administration Council]] said that provocative rhetoric from Twan Mrat Naing as the leader of the Arakan Army was inviting conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arakan Army on Collision Course with the Military in Myanmar’s Rakhine State |last=Kean |first=Thomas |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/06/arakan-army-on-collision-course-with-the-military-in-myanmars-rakhine-state/ |date=7 June 2022 |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=The Diplomat|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322030739/https://thediplomat.com/2022/06/arakan-army-on-collision-course-with-the-military-in-myanmars-rakhine-state/|archive-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> The informal ceasefire between AA and the junta would breakdown after an junta airstike on an AA base in [[Kayin State]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Insurgents in Myanmar’s Rakhine State Return to War on the Military |date=3 October 2022|url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2022/10/insurgents-myanmars-rakhine-state-return-war-military |author=Kyaw Hsan Hlaing |website=US Institute of Peace |language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129000026/https://www.usip.org/publications/2022/10/insurgents-myanmars-rakhine-state-return-war-military|archive-date=November 29, 2023}}</ref>
⚫
On 18 October 2019, the younger sister of Twan Mrat Naing, Moe Hnin Phyu and her husband, Kyaw Naing, were arrested at the Yangon International Airport after they returned from Chiang Mai, Thailand and are currently being questioned. They are accused of having the connection with the seizure of explosive devices in Mandalay according to [[Zaw Htay]], Spokesperson of the State Counsellor's Office.


In September 2024, he has declared that Rakhine State will be governed under a [[unitary state]] system.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lay |first1=Thar Nge |title=တစ်ပြည်ထောင်စနစ်ဖြင့် အုပ်ချုပ်သွားမည်ဟု ဗို |url=https://mpapress.com/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8/52927/ |work=MPA |date=16 September 2024 |language=my-MM}}</ref>
⚫
On 6 December 2019, Twan Mrat Naing's wife - Hnin Zar Phyu and her two children were detained by Thai immigration officials in Chiang Mai, when she went there to extend her visa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Spouse and children of AA chief arrested in Chiang Mai|url=https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/spouse-and-children-aa-chief-arrested-chiang-mai|website=Burma News International|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> Thailand Immigration Bureau's Chiang Mai office arrested her due to the presence of her name on the list who has affiliation with the [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakan Army]], provided by the [[Myanmar Government]]. On 25th February 2020, the detained family left for [[Switzerland]] under the political asylum initiated by the [[UNHCR]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Wife, Children of Leader of Myanmar’s Arakan Army Detained in Thailand |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/wife-children-leader-myanmars-arakan-army-detained-thailand.html |work=The Irrawaddy |date=6 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AA chief’s wife, children left for Switzerland |url=https://www.narinjara.com/news/detail/5e56a732245c0d37010b4220 |work=Narinjara|date=26 February 2020|language=en}}</ref>

== Arrests family members ==
⚫
On 10 July 2019, Aung Mrat Kyaw, Twan Mrat Naing's younger brother, along with five Arakanese were detained by the Singaporean government and deported to Myanmar, where they were arrested shortly after arriving. Singapore's home ministry said they had organized and mobilized some members of the Myanmar community in Singapore to support the [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakan Army]], and its political wing, the United League of Arakan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Myanmar citizens deported from Singapore over alleged insurgent ties remanded in custody |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rakhine-singapore/myanmar-citizens-deported-from-singapore-over-alleged-insurgent-ties-remanded-in-custody-idUSKCN1UL0XY |work=Reuters |date=26 July 2019 |language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518191117/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rakhine-singapore/myanmar-citizens-deported-from-singapore-over-alleged-insurgent-ties-remanded-in-custody-idUSKCN1UL0XY|archive-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AA Chief's Brother, Several Arakanese Arrested in Singapore |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/aa-chiefs-cousin-several-arakanese-arrested-singapore.html |work=The Irrawaddy |date=10 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203131416/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/aa-chiefs-cousin-several-arakanese-arrested-singapore.html|archive-date=December 3, 2022}}</ref>

⚫
On 18 October 2019, the younger sister of Twan Mrat Naing, Moe Hnin Phyu and her husband, Kyaw Naing, were arrested at the Yangon International Airport after they returned from Chiang Mai, Thailand and are currently being questioned. They are accused of having the connection with the seizure of explosive devices in Mandalay according to [[Zaw Htay]], the spokesperson of the State Counsellor's Office.

⚫
On 6 December 2019, Twan Mrat Naing's wife Hnin Zar Phyu and her two children were detained by Thai immigration officials in Chiang Mai, when she went there to extend her visa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Spouse and children of AA chief arrested in Chiang Mai|url=https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/spouse-and-children-aa-chief-arrested-chiang-mai|website=Burma News International|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228050608/https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/spouse-and-children-aa-chief-arrested-chiang-mai|archive-date=February 28, 2024}}</ref> The Chiang Mai office of the Thailand Immigration Bureau arrested her due to the presence of her name on the list of people affiliated with the [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)|Arakan Army]], which was provided by the [[Myanmar government]]. On 25 February 2020, the detained family left for [[Switzerland]] under the political asylum initiated by the [[UNHCR]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Wife, Children of Leader of Myanmar's Arakan Army Detained in Thailand |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/wife-children-leader-myanmars-arakan-army-detained-thailand.html |work=The Irrawaddy |date=6 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065103/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/wife-children-leader-myanmars-arakan-army-detained-thailand.html|archive-date=February 28, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AA chief's wife, children left for Switzerland |url=https://www.narinjara.com/news/detail/5e56a732245c0d37010b4220 |work=Narinjara|date=26 February 2020|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228050611/https://www.narinjara.com/news/detail/5e56a732245c0d37010b4220|archive-date=February 28, 2024}}</ref>

On 9 June 2021, Aung Myat Kyaw, Moe Hnin Phyu and her husband were released from prison after all charges against them were dropped. The release happened after the Tatmadaw [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état|took power in a coup d'état]] earlier that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-junta-drops-charges-against-arakan-army-chiefs-relatives.html|title = Myanmar Junta Drops Charges Against Arakan Army Chief's Relatives|date = 10 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130213428/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-junta-drops-charges-against-arakan-army-chiefs-relatives.html|archive-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
Twan Mrat Naing is married to Hnin Zar Phyu. The couple have two children, a daughter, Saw Pye Shin, and a son, Myat Lin Zan.<ref name=":0" /> Twan Mrat Naing's father-in-law is San Kyaw Hla, the speaker of the [[Rakhine State Hluttaw]] and an [[Arakan National Party]] (ANP) politician.<ref name=":0" />
Twan Mrat Naing is married to Hnun Zar Phru (Hnin Zar Phyu in Burmese). The couple have two children, a daughter, Saw Prae Shun, and a son, Mrat Lurn Zan.<ref name=":0" /> Twan Mrat Naing's father-in-law is San Kyaw Hla, the speaker of the [[Rakhine State Hluttaw]] and an [[Arakan National Party]] (ANP) politician.<ref name=":0" />


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Arakan Army (Kachin State)]]
* [[Arakha Army]]
* [[Internal Conflict in Myanmar]]
* [[Internal Conflict in Myanmar]]


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[[Category:Rakhine people]]

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[[Category:Burmese people of Rakhine descent]]
[[Category:Burmese military personnel]]
[[Category:Burmese military personnel]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Burmese rebels]]
[[Category:Burmese rebels]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Burmese warlords]]
{{Asia-mil-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 17:39, 20 November 2024

In this Burmese name, the given name is Twan Mrat Naing. There is no family name.
Twan Mrat Naing
General Twan Mrat Naing during an interview with Voice of America
Native name
ထွန်းမြတ်နိုင်
Born (1978-11-07) 7 November 1978 (age 46)
Akyab, Arakan State, Burma
Allegiance Arakan Army
Service / branch Arakan Army
Years of service2009–present
RankMajor General
CommandsCommander-in-Chief, Arakha Army
Battles / warsInternal conflict in Myanmar
Spouse(s)Hnin Zar Phyu (?- present )
ChildrenSaw Prae Shun, Mrat Lurn Zan

Major General Twan Mrat Naing (Burmese: ထွန်းမြတ်နိုင်; also spelled Tun Myat Naing) is an Arakanese revolutionary and commander in chief of the Arakan Army, an ethnic armed organization.[1][2][3]

Twan Mrat Naing has led the Arakan Army since its founding in 2009, and maintains the rank of Major General. Twan Mrat Naing is of Arakanese descent and resides in Laiza, Kachin State, where the Arakan Army's "temporary headquarters" are.

Early life

[edit]

Naing was born in Akyab (now Sittwe), the state capital of Rakhine State, on 7 November 1978.[citation needed]

Career

[edit]

He previously worked as a tour guide in Yangon.[4] In 1998, he planned to join the National United Party of Arakan but their general was killed in action. After returning to Rakhine where he studied at Technological University, Sittwe.

In 2004, he collaborated with Nyo Twan Awng (also known as Zaw Myo Thet), a surgeon doctor who is currently a Vice Commander in-Chief of Arakha Army.[citation needed] In 2009, they founded the Arakan Army. While mining for jade in Kachin State, he recruited disaffected Arakanese Buddhists to his insurgent group.[5] He was one of twenty-six men to form the Arakan Army with support from the Kachin Independence Army.

In June 2022, military spokespeople from the State Administration Council said that provocative rhetoric from Twan Mrat Naing as the leader of the Arakan Army was inviting conflict.[6] The informal ceasefire between AA and the junta would breakdown after an junta airstike on an AA base in Kayin State.[7]

In September 2024, he has declared that Rakhine State will be governed under a unitary state system.[8]

Arrests family members

[edit]

On 10 July 2019, Aung Mrat Kyaw, Twan Mrat Naing's younger brother, along with five Arakanese were detained by the Singaporean government and deported to Myanmar, where they were arrested shortly after arriving. Singapore's home ministry said they had organized and mobilized some members of the Myanmar community in Singapore to support the Arakan Army, and its political wing, the United League of Arakan.[9][10]

On 18 October 2019, the younger sister of Twan Mrat Naing, Moe Hnin Phyu and her husband, Kyaw Naing, were arrested at the Yangon International Airport after they returned from Chiang Mai, Thailand and are currently being questioned. They are accused of having the connection with the seizure of explosive devices in Mandalay according to Zaw Htay, the spokesperson of the State Counsellor's Office.

On 6 December 2019, Twan Mrat Naing's wife Hnin Zar Phyu and her two children were detained by Thai immigration officials in Chiang Mai, when she went there to extend her visa.[11] The Chiang Mai office of the Thailand Immigration Bureau arrested her due to the presence of her name on the list of people affiliated with the Arakan Army, which was provided by the Myanmar government. On 25 February 2020, the detained family left for Switzerland under the political asylum initiated by the UNHCR.[12][13]

On 9 June 2021, Aung Myat Kyaw, Moe Hnin Phyu and her husband were released from prison after all charges against them were dropped. The release happened after the Tatmadaw took power in a coup d'état earlier that year.[14]

Personal life

[edit]

Twan Mrat Naing is married to Hnun Zar Phru (Hnin Zar Phyu in Burmese). The couple have two children, a daughter, Saw Prae Shun, and a son, Mrat Lurn Zan.[11] Twan Mrat Naing's father-in-law is San Kyaw Hla, the speaker of the Rakhine State Hluttaw and an Arakan National Party (ANP) politician.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "About AA". Arakan Army. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  2. ^ "Arakan Army Leaders". Arakan Army. Archived from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  3. ^ "ETHNIC LEADERS HAVE THEIR SAY – PART 1". Karen News. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
  4. ^ "Rakhine: A Test Run for Repression". Myanmar's Military Struggles to Control the Virtual Battlefield. International Crisis Group: Page 4–Page 10. 2021.
  5. ^ "Explainer: The insurgents plunging Myanmar's Rakhine back into chaos". Reuters. 15 January 2019. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  6. ^ Kean, Thomas (7 June 2022). "Arakan Army on Collision Course with the Military in Myanmar's Rakhine State". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  7. ^ Kyaw Hsan Hlaing (3 October 2022). "Insurgents in Myanmar's Rakhine State Return to War on the Military". US Institute of Peace. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023.
  8. ^ Lay, Thar Nge (16 September 2024). "တစ်ပြည်ထောင်စနစ်ဖြင့် အုပ်ချုပ်သွားမည်ဟု ဗို". MPA (in Burmese).
  9. ^ "Myanmar citizens deported from Singapore over alleged insurgent ties remanded in custody". Reuters. 26 July 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021.
  10. ^ "AA Chief's Brother, Several Arakanese Arrested in Singapore". The Irrawaddy. 10 July 2019. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022.
  11. ^ a b c "Spouse and children of AA chief arrested in Chiang Mai". Burma News International. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  12. ^ "Wife, Children of Leader of Myanmar's Arakan Army Detained in Thailand". The Irrawaddy. 6 December 2019. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024.
  13. ^ "AA chief's wife, children left for Switzerland". Narinjara. 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024.
  14. ^ "Myanmar Junta Drops Charges Against Arakan Army Chief's Relatives". 10 June 2021. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023.
[edit]
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