Bristol Buckmaster: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Twin-engine British training aircraft, 1944}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}} |
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{{Use British English|date=December 2016}} |
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{{Infobox aircraft |
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|name= Type 166 Buckmaster |
|name= Type 166 Buckmaster |
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|image= |
|image= Bristol Buckmaster T.1 at Boscombe Down c1945.jpg |
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|caption= |
|caption= |
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}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
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|type= [[Trainer aircraft|Advanced trainer aircraft]] |
|type= [[Trainer aircraft|Advanced trainer aircraft]] |
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|manufacturer= [[Bristol Aeroplane Company]] |
|manufacturer= [[Bristol Aeroplane Company]] |
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|national_origin=United Kingdom |
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|designer= |
|designer= |
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|first_flight= 27 October 1944 |
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|introduction= 1945 |
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|retired= |
|retired= |
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|status= |
|status= |
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|produced= |
|produced= 1945–1946 |
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|number_built= 112 |
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|primary_user= [[Royal Air Force]] |
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|more_users= |
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|unit cost= |
|unit cost= |
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|developed_from= [[Bristol Buckingham]] |
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|variants |
|variants= |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Bristol Buckmaster''' was an advanced British [[training aircraft]] operated by the [[Royal Air Force]] during the 1950s. |
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The '''Bristol Buckmaster''' was an advanced [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Trainer (aircraft)|training aircraft]] operated by the [[Royal Air Force]] during the 1950s. |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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By 1945, there was a serious gap in performance between the so-called advanced trainers in use – such as the [[Avro Anson]], [[Airspeed Oxford]], dual-control [[Bristol Blenheim]] and [[Lockheed Hudson]] – and the combat aircraft which the pilots would be expected to fly on graduation. |
By 1945, there was a serious gap in performance between the so-called advanced trainers in use – such as the [[Avro Anson]], [[Airspeed Oxford]], dual-control [[Bristol Blenheim]] and [[Lockheed Hudson]] – and the combat aircraft which the pilots would be expected to fly on graduation. |
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The Bristol response to [[Air Ministry Specification]] [[List of Air Ministry Specifications#1940-1949|T.13/43]]<ref>Mondey 1994, p. 70.</ref> was |
The [[Bristol Aeroplane Company|Bristol]] company's response to [[Air Ministry Specification]] [[List of Air Ministry Specifications#1940-1949|T.13/43]]<ref name="Mondey 1994, p. 70">Mondey 1994, p. 70.</ref> was the Type 166 which was based on the [[Bristol Buckingham|Buckingham]] with a new wider front [[fuselage]] to allow side-by-side seating for an instructor and trainee and room for a radio operator. All armament and armour and military equipment was also removed. |
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The Buckmaster was a propeller-driven, twin-engine mid-wing aircraft. The retractable [[undercarriage]] was of conventional (tailwheel) configuration. The radial engines were equipped with four-blade propellers. |
The Buckmaster was a propeller-driven, twin-engine mid-wing aircraft. The retractable [[Landing gear|undercarriage]] was of conventional (tailwheel) configuration. The radial engines were equipped with four-blade propellers. |
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Two partly completed Buckinghams were converted as prototypes, the first flying on the 27 October 1944. Unused sets of Buckingham components{{efn|Buckingham orders were cut at the end of the war}} were used to produce 110 aircraft which were delivered in 1945 and 1946. |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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All production aircraft were intended to serve as trainers for the similar [[Bristol Brigand|Brigand]].<ref name="Mondey 1994, p. 70"/><ref name="Winchester2005p94">Winchester 2005, p. 94.</ref> It was considered to be the highest performance trainer used by the RAF when introduced. Blind flying instruction and instrument training could be undertaken, the normal crew complement being pilot, instructor and air signaller. The last Training Command Buckmasters served with the No. 238 [[Operational conversion unit|OCU]] at [[RAF Colerne|Colerne]] into the mid-fifties; the transfer of one or two to [[Filton Aerodrome|Filton]] for experimental work<ref name="Mondey 1994, p. 70" /> marked its retirement in the mid-1950s.<ref name="Winchester2005p95">Winchester 2005, p. 95.</ref> |
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==Operators== |
==Operators== |
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==Specifications== |
==Specifications== |
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{{Aircraft |
{{Aircraft specs |
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|ref=Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II<ref name='janes'>Bridgeman 1946, pp. 113–113.</ref> |
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|plane or copter?=plane |
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|prime units?=imp |
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|jet or prop?=prop |
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<!-- |
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|ref=Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II<ref name='janes'>Bridgeman 1946, p. 113.</ref> |
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General characteristics |
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--> |
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|genhide= |
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|crew=3 (student pilot, instructor pilot, radio operator) |
|crew=3 (student pilot, instructor pilot, radio operator) |
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|capacity= |
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|length main=46 ft 5 in |
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|length |
|length m= |
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|length ft=46 |
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|span main=71 ft 10 in |
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|length in=10 |
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|span alt=21.9 m |
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|span m= |
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|height main=17 ft 6 in |
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|span ft=71 |
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|height alt=5.3 m |
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|span in=10 |
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|area main=708 ft² |
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|height m= |
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|area alt=65.8 m² |
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|height ft=17 |
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|empty weight main=24,042 lb |
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|height in=7 |
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|empty weight alt=10,900 kg |
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|wing area sqm= |
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|loaded weight main=33,700 lb |
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|wing area sqft=708 |
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|loaded weight alt=15,280 kg |
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|wing area note= |
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|max takeoff weight main=<!-- lb--> |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|airfoil= |
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|engine (prop)=[[Bristol Centaurus]] VII |
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|empty weight kg= |
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|type of prop=18-cylinder [[radial engine]]s |
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|empty weight lb=23000 |
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|number of props=2 |
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|empty weight note= |
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|power main=2,585 hp |
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|gross weight kg= |
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|power alt=1,880 kW |
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|max |
|max takeoff weight lb=38193 |
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|gross weight note= |
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|max speed alt=306 kn, 566 km/h |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|max speed more=at 12,000 ft (3,700 m) |
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|more general= |
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|cruise speed main=325 mph |
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<!-- |
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|cruise speed alt=282 kn, 530 km/h |
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Powerplant |
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|cruise speed more=at 18,000 ft (5,500 m) |
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--> |
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|range main=2,000 mi |
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|eng1 number=2 |
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|range alt=1,700 nmi, 3,200 km |
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|eng1 name=[[Bristol Centaurus]] VII |
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|ceiling main=30,000 ft |
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|eng1 type=eighteen-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]]s |
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|ceiling alt=9,000 m |
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|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|climb rate main=2,245 ft/min |
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|eng1 hp=2400<!-- prop engines --> |
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|climb rate alt=11.3 m/s |
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|power original= |
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|loading main=47.6 lb/ft² |
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|thrust original= |
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|loading alt=232 kg/m² |
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|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|power/mass main=0.153 hp/lb |
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|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|power/mass alt=252 W/kg |
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|more power= |
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|prop blade number=4<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop name=Rotol [[constant-speed propeller]]s |
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|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop note= |
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<!-- |
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Performance |
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--> |
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|perfhide= |
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|max speed kmh= |
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|max speed mph=352 |
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|max speed kts= |
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|max speed note=at {{convert|12000|ft|m|abbr=on}} |
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|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed mph=325 |
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|cruise speed note=at {{convert|18000|ft|m|abbr=on}} (weak mixture) |
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|never exceed speed kmh= |
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|never exceed speed mph= |
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|never exceed speed kts= |
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|range km= |
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|range miles=2000 |
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|range note=<ref>Barnes 1964, p. 321.</ref> |
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|combat range km= |
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|combat range miles= |
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|combat range nmi= |
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|endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m= |
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|ceiling ft=30000 |
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|g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate ftmin=2245 |
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|lift to drag= |
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|wing loading kg/m2= |
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|wing loading lb/sqft= |
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|wing loading note= |
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|more performance= |
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<!-- |
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Armament |
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--> |
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|armament=<!-- add bulletted list here or if you want to use the following |
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specific parameters, remove this parameter--> |
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|guns= |
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|bombs= |
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|rockets= |
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|missiles= |
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|hardpoints= |
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|hardpoint capacity= |
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|hardpoint rockets= |
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|hardpoint missiles= |
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|hardpoint bombs= |
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|hardpoint other= |
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|avionics= |
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}} |
}} |
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| Line 85: | Line 151: | ||
* [[Bristol Buckingham]] |
* [[Bristol Buckingham]] |
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|similar aircraft= |
|similar aircraft= |
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* [[Avro Anson]] |
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* [[Airspeed Oxford]] |
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* [[Bristol Blenheim]] |
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* [[Lockheed Hudson]] |
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|lists= |
|lists= |
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* [[List of aircraft of |
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]] |
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* [[List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force]] |
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}} |
}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{notelist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Commons category|Bristol Buckmaster}} |
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;Notes |
;Notes |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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;Bibliography |
;Bibliography |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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* Bridgeman, Leonard. "The Bristol 166 Buckmaster." ''Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II''. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN |
* Barnes, C. H. ''Bristol Aircraft since 1910''. London: Putnam, 1964. |
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* Bridgeman, Leonard. "The Bristol 166 Buckmaster." ''Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II''. London: Studio, 1946. {{ISBN|1-85170-493-0}}. |
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* Mondey, David. ''The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British |
* Mondey, David. ''The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II''. London: Aerospace Publishing Ltd., 1982 (reprint 1994). {{ISBN|1-85152-668-4}}. |
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* Winchester, Jim. ''The World's Worst Aircraft: From Pioneering Failures to Multimillion Dollar Disasters''. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005. ISBN |
* Winchester, Jim. ''The World's Worst Aircraft: From Pioneering Failures to Multimillion Dollar Disasters''. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005. {{ISBN|1-904687-34-2}}. |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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{{Bristol aircraft}} |
{{Bristol aircraft}} |
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{{Aviation lists}} |
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[[Category:Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft|Buckmaster]] |
[[Category:Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft|Buckmaster]] |
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[[Category:British military trainer aircraft |
[[Category:1940s British military trainer aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1944]] |
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[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:49, 20 November 2024
| Type 166 Buckmaster | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Advanced trainer aircraft |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Bristol Aeroplane Company |
| Primary user | Royal Air Force |
| Number built | 112 |
| History | |
| Manufactured | 1945–1946 |
| Introduction date | 1945 |
| First flight | 27 October 1944 |
| Developed from | Bristol Buckingham |
The Bristol Buckmaster was an advanced British training aircraft operated by the Royal Air Force during the 1950s.
Design and development
[edit]By 1945, there was a serious gap in performance between the so-called advanced trainers in use – such as the Avro Anson, Airspeed Oxford, dual-control Bristol Blenheim and Lockheed Hudson – and the combat aircraft which the pilots would be expected to fly on graduation.
The Bristol company's response to Air Ministry Specification T.13/43[1] was the Type 166 which was based on the Buckingham with a new wider front fuselage to allow side-by-side seating for an instructor and trainee and room for a radio operator. All armament and armour and military equipment was also removed.
The Buckmaster was a propeller-driven, twin-engine mid-wing aircraft. The retractable undercarriage was of conventional (tailwheel) configuration. The radial engines were equipped with four-blade propellers.
Two partly completed Buckinghams were converted as prototypes, the first flying on the 27 October 1944. Unused sets of Buckingham components[a] were used to produce 110 aircraft which were delivered in 1945 and 1946.
Operational history
[edit]All production aircraft were intended to serve as trainers for the similar Brigand.[1][2] It was considered to be the highest performance trainer used by the RAF when introduced. Blind flying instruction and instrument training could be undertaken, the normal crew complement being pilot, instructor and air signaller. The last Training Command Buckmasters served with the No. 238 OCU at Colerne into the mid-fifties; the transfer of one or two to Filton for experimental work[1] marked its retirement in the mid-1950s.[3]
Operators
[edit]
Specifications
[edit]Data from Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II[4]
General characteristics
- Crew: 3 (student pilot, instructor pilot, radio operator)
- Length: 46 ft 10 in (14.27 m)
- Wingspan: 71 ft 10 in (21.89 m)
- Height: 17 ft 7 in (5.36 m)
- Wing area: 708 sq ft (65.8 m2)
- Empty weight: 23,000 lb (10,433 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 38,193 lb (17,324 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Bristol Centaurus VII eighteen-cylinder air-cooled radial engines, 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) each
- Propellers: 4-bladed Rotol constant-speed propellers
Performance
- Maximum speed: 352 mph (566 km/h, 306 kn) at 12,000 ft (3,700 m)
- Cruise speed: 325 mph (523 km/h, 282 kn) at 18,000 ft (5,500 m) (weak mixture)
- Range: 2,000 mi (3,200 km, 1,700 nmi) [5]
- Service ceiling: 30,000 ft (9,100 m)
- Rate of climb: 2,245 ft/min (11.40 m/s)
See also
[edit]Related development
Related lists
Notes
[edit]- ^ Buckingham orders were cut at the end of the war
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bristol Buckmaster.
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Barnes, C. H. Bristol Aircraft since 1910. London: Putnam, 1964.
- Bridgeman, Leonard. "The Bristol 166 Buckmaster." Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.
- Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II. London: Aerospace Publishing Ltd., 1982 (reprint 1994). ISBN 1-85152-668-4.
- Winchester, Jim. The World's Worst Aircraft: From Pioneering Failures to Multimillion Dollar Disasters. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005. ISBN 1-904687-34-2.