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Theater am Kärntnertor or Kärntnertortheater (Carinthian Gate Theatre) was a prestigious theatre in Vienna during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Its official title was Kaiserliches und Königliches Hoftheater zu Wien (Imperial and Royal Court Theatre of Vienna).

History

The theatre was built in 1709 to designs by Antonio Beduzzi on a site near the former Kärntnertor,^[1] on the grounds of the present Hotel Sacher. The expenses of building the theatre were borne by the City of Vienna, and it was intended (as Eva Badura-Skoda notes)^[2] to be "frequented by the Viennese population of all classes". However, at the command of the emperor, the first performances were of Italian operas, an elite form of entertainment. In 1711, the theatre was redirected to its original purpose when it was placed under the direction of Josef Stranitzky, who put on a variety of entertainment, often embodying a German version of the Italian commedia dell'arte.^[2] The theatre was managed by Stranitzky's widow after his death.^{[citation needed]}

In 1728, court artists Borosini and Selliers, who had performed intermezzi in both German and Italian, became the Kärntnertortheater's directors. From 1742 to 1750, the theatre was leased to Selliers alone. In 1752, however, Maria Theresa withdrew the imperial privilege, placing the theatre under the direct scrutiny of the magistrates of Vienna.^{[citation needed]}

The first theatre burned in 1761 and was rebuilt by court architect Nicolò Pacassi; two years later it reopened, again under protective privilege, as the Kaiserliches und Königliches Hoftheater zu Wien (Imperial and Royal Court Theatre of Vienna). From the early nineteenth century, ballets were added to the repertory, as well as Italian and German operas. From 1811 to 1814, Ignaz Franz Castelli served as Hoftheaterdichter (poet of the court theatre). From 1821, the Italian impresario Domenico Barbaia added the venue to the string of theatres under his management and presented Italian operas.

Replacement

Beginning in 1861, the Vienna Court Opera House (now the Vienna State Opera) was built on the adjoining grounds. It was completed in 1869, and in 1870, the former theatre was razed, making way for the apartment building that became the Hotel Sacher. Gerhard Bronner's cabaret stadtTheater walfischgasse [de] used the name Neues Theater am Kärntnertor (New Theatre at the Kärntnertor) from 1959 to 1973, before adopting its present name.^[3]

First performances of operas and other works

During its heyday, several composers conducted the theatre orchestra, including the young Franz Lachner and Ferdinando Paer.

1753 (perhaps 1751): Der krumme Teufel (The Lame Devil), a comic opera by the young Joseph Haydn, now lost, that established his early reputation^[4]
1764 (18 October): L'olimpiade by Florian Leopold Gassmann
1766 (25 May): Il viaggiatore ridicolo by Florian Leopold Gassmann
1774 (4 April): Thamos, King of Egypt, a play by Tobias Philipp, Baron von Gebler, with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1787 (7 March): Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 25 in C, K. 503^[5]
1795 (14 October): Palmira, regina di Persia by Antonio Salieri
1799 (3 January): Falstaff by Antonio Salieri
1799 (28 February): Camilla by Ferdinando Paer
1799 (12 July): Il morto vivo by Ferdinando Paer
1800 (2 June): Cesare in Farmacusa by Antonio Salieri
1800 (2 September): Ginevra degli Almieri by Ferdinando Paer
1800 (22 October): L'Angiolina by Antonio Salieri
1800 (18 December): Poche ma buone by Ferdinando Paer
1801 (6 June): Achille by Ferdinando Paer
1814 (23 May): Fidelio (final version as performed today) by Ludwig van Beethoven
1821 (7 March): Franz Schubert's song "Erlkönig"
1822 (4 December): Libussa by Conradin Kreutzer
1823 (25 October): Euryanthe by Carl Maria von Weber
1824 (7 May): Beethoven's Ninth Symphony
1829 (11 August): The Viennese début as pianist of Frédéric Chopin^[6]
1837 (9 March): Das Nachtlager in Granada (second version with recitatives) by Conradin Kreutzer
1842 (19 May): Linda di Chamounix by Gaetano Donizetti
1843 (5 June): Maria di Rohan by Gaetano Donizetti
1844 (3 February): Die Heimkehr des Verbannten by Otto Nicolai
1845 (13 November): Dom Sébastien (revised version) by Gaetano Donizetti
1845 (20 December): Der Tempelritter by Otto Nicolai
1847 (25 November): Martha by Friedrich von Flotow
1864 (4 February): Die Rheinnixen (Les Fées du Rhin) by Jacques Offenbach

References

Notes

^ "Kärntnertor" means "Carinthian gate"; from "Kärnten" (German for Carinthia), "Kärntner" ("Carinthian")
^ ^a ^b Badura-Skoda 1973
^ "The History of Austrian Cabaret". kabarettarchiv.at. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
^ Melton, James Van Horn, "School, Stage, Salon: Musical Cultures in Haydn’s Vienna", in The Journal of Modern History, June 2004, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 251–279 (subscription required)
^ "Spotlets". www.daytonphilharmonic.com.
^ Björling (2002, 8)

Sources

Badura-Skoda, Eva (1973). "The Influence of the Viennese Popular Comedy on Haydn and Mozart", Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association, pp. 185–189.
Björling, David (2002). "Chopin and the G minor Ballade"

External links

Theater am Kärntnertor in Austria-Forum (in German) (at AEIOU)

48°12′12″N 16°22′15″E / 48.20333°N 16.37083°E / 48.20333; 16.37083

[1] "Kärntnertor" means "Carinthian gate"; from "Kärnten" (German for Carinthia), "Kärntner" ("Carinthian")

[BS-2] Badura-Skoda 1973

[3] "The History of Austrian Cabaret". kabarettarchiv.at. Retrieved 16 February 2009.

[4] Melton, James Van Horn, "School, Stage, Salon: Musical Cultures in Haydn’s Vienna", in The Journal of Modern History, June 2004, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 251–279 (subscription required)

[5] "Spotlets". www.daytonphilharmonic.com.

[6] Björling (2002, 8)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Former theatre and opera house in Vienna, Austria}}
-[[File:Die Deutsche Schau-Bühne zu Wienn.png|thumb| Kärntnertor-Theater as ''Deutsche Schau-Bühne zu Wienn'' in the 18th century]]
+{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
+[[File:Die Deutsche Schau-Bühne zu Wienn.png|thumb|Kärntnertor-Theater as "Deutsche Schau-Bühne zu Wienn" in the 18th century]]
 [[File:Karl Wenzel Zajicek Kärtnertortheater.jpg|thumb|Theater am Kärntnertor]]
 [[File:Franz Xaver Stoeber Kaertnertortheater.jpg|thumb|[[Franz Xaver Stöber]]: The orchestra in the Kärntnertor-Theater, ''Wiener Zeitschrift für Kunst, Literatur, Theater und Mode'' (1821)]]
 [[File:Stadtmodell Wien 04.jpg|thumb| Kärntnertortheater in Vienna (right)]]
-'''{{lang|de|Theater am Kärntnertor}}''' or '''{{lang|de|Kärntnertortheater}}''' (English: [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]]n Gate Theatre) was a prestigious [[theatre]] in [[Vienna]] during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Its official title was ''{{lang|de|Kaiserliches und Königliches Hoftheater zu Wien}}'', the "Imperial and Royal Court Theater of Vienna".
+'''{{lang|de|Theater am Kärntnertor|italic=no}}''' or '''{{lang|de|Kärntnertortheater|italic=no}}''' ([[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]]n Gate Theatre) was a prestigious [[theatre]] in [[Vienna]] during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Its official title was {{lang|de|Kaiserliches und Königliches Hoftheater zu Wien|italic=yes}} (Imperial and Royal Court Theatre of Vienna).
 ==History==
-The theater was built in 1709 to designs by [[Antonio Beduzzi]] on a site near the former Kärntnertor,<ref>"{{lang|de|Kärntnertor}}" means "Carinthian gate"; from "{{lang|de|Kärnten}}" (German for [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]]), "{{lang|de|Kärntner}}" ("Carinthian")</ref> on the grounds of the present [[Hotel Sacher]]. The expenses of building the theater were borne by the City of Vienna, and was intended (as [[Eva Badura-Skoda]] notes)<ref name=BS>Badura-Skoda 1973</ref> to be "frequented by the Viennese population of all classes." However, at the command of the Emperor, the first performances were of Italian opera, an elite form of entertainment. In 1711 the theater was redirected to its original purpose when it was placed under the direction of [[:de:Josef Anton Stranitzky|Josef Stranitzky]], who put on a variety of entertainments, often embodying a German version of the Italian [[commedia dell'arte]].<ref name=BS /> The theater was managed by Stranitzky's widow after his death.
+The theatre was built in 1709 to designs by [[Antonio Beduzzi]] on a site near the former Kärntnertor,<ref>"{{lang|de|Kärntnertor}}" means "Carinthian gate"; from "{{lang|de|Kärnten}}" (German for [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]]), "{{lang|de|Kärntner}}" ("Carinthian")</ref> on the grounds of the present [[Hotel Sacher]]. The expenses of building the theatre were borne by the City of Vienna, and it was intended (as [[Eva Badura-Skoda]] notes)<ref name=BS>Badura-Skoda 1973</ref> to be "frequented by the Viennese population of all classes". However, at the command of the emperor, the first performances were of Italian operas, an elite form of entertainment. In 1711, the theatre was redirected to its original purpose when it was placed under the direction of [[:de:Josef Anton Stranitzky|Josef Stranitzky]], who put on a variety of entertainment, often embodying a German version of the Italian [[commedia dell'arte]].<ref name=BS /> The theatre was managed by Stranitzky's widow after his death.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}
-In 1728 the court artists Borosini and Selliers, who had performed [[Intermezzo|intermezzi]] in both German and Italian, became the Kärntnertortheater's directors. From 1742 to 1750 the theatre was leased to Selliers alone. In 1752, however, [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] withdrew the imperial privilege, placing the theater under the direct scrutiny of the magistrates of Vienna.
+In 1728, court artists Borosini and Selliers, who had performed [[Intermezzo|intermezzi]] in both German and Italian, became the Kärntnertortheater's directors. From 1742 to 1750, the theatre was leased to Selliers alone. In 1752, however, [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] withdrew the imperial privilege, placing the theatre under the direct scrutiny of the magistrates of Vienna.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}
-The first theatre burned in 1761 and was rebuilt by the court architect [[Nicolò Pacassi]]; two years later it reopened, again under protective privilege, as the ''{{lang|de|Kaiserliches und Königliches Hoftheater zu Wien}}'', "Imperial and Royal Court Theater of Vienna". From the early nineteenth century [[ballet]]s were added to the repertory, as well as Italian and German [[opera]]s. From 1811 to 1814 [[Ignaz Franz Castelli]] served as ''Hoftheaterdichter'', "poet of the court theater". From 1821 the Italian [[impresario]] [[Domenico Barbaia]] added the theatre to the string of theatres under his management, and presented [[Italian opera]]s. Beginning in 1861 the Vienna Court Opera House (now the [[Vienna State Opera]]) was built on the adjoining grounds; it was completed in 1869 and in 1870 the former theatre was razed, making way for the apartment building that became the [[Hotel Sacher]]. [[Gerhard Bronner]]'s [[cabaret]] showcase [[:de:stadtTheater walfischgasse|stadtTheater walfischgasse]] used the name ''{{lang|de|Neues Theater am Kärntnertor}}'' (New Theatre at the Kärntnertor) from 1959 to 1973 before adopting its present name; it is located on the next block at 4 Walfischgasse.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kabarettarchiv.at/Ordner/history.htm | title=The History of Austrian Cabaret | publisher=kabarettarchiv.at | accessdate=16 February 2009}}</ref>
+The first theatre burned in 1761 and was rebuilt by court architect [[Nicolò Pacassi]]; two years later it reopened, again under protective privilege, as the {{lang|de|Kaiserliches und Königliches Hoftheater zu Wien|italic=yes}} (Imperial and Royal Court Theatre of Vienna). From the early nineteenth century, [[ballet]]s were added to the repertory, as well as Italian and German operas. From 1811 to 1814, [[Ignaz Franz Castelli]] served as ''Hoftheaterdichter'' (poet of the court theatre). From 1821, the Italian [[impresario]] [[Domenico Barbaia]] added the venue to the string of theatres under his management and presented [[Italian opera]]s.
+===Replacement===
+Beginning in 1861, the Vienna Court Opera House (now the [[Vienna State Opera]]) was built on the adjoining grounds. It was completed in 1869, and in 1870, the former theatre was razed, making way for the apartment building that became the [[Hotel Sacher]]. [[Gerhard Bronner]]'s [[cabaret]] {{ill|stadtTheater walfischgasse|de}} used the name {{lang|de|Neues Theater am Kärntnertor|italic=yes}} (New Theatre at the Kärntnertor) from 1959 to 1973, before adopting its present name.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kabarettarchiv.at/Ordner/history.htm | title=The History of Austrian Cabaret | publisher=kabarettarchiv.at | access-date=16 February 2009}}</ref>
 ==First performances of operas and other works==
-During its heyday several composers conducted the theatre orchestra, including the young [[Franz Lachner]] and [[Ferdinando Paer]].
+During its heyday, several composers conducted the theatre orchestra, including the young [[Franz Lachner]] and [[Ferdinando Paer]].
+* 1753 (perhaps 1751): ''[[Der krumme Teufel]]'' (''The Lame Devil''), a comic opera by the young [[Joseph Haydn]], now lost, that established his early reputation<ref>Melton, James Van Horn, [http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/422930 "School, Stage, Salon: Musical Cultures in Haydn’s Vienna"], in ''[[The Journal of Modern History]]'', June 2004, Vol.&nbsp;76, No.&nbsp;2, pp.&nbsp;251–279 {{Subscription required}}</ref>
+* 1764 (18 October): ''L'olimpiade'' by [[Florian Leopold Gassmann]]
-*1753 (perhaps 1751): ''[[Der krumme Teufel]]'' (''The Lame Devil''), a comic opera by the young [[Joseph Haydn]], now lost, that established his early reputation<ref>Melton, James Van Horn,  [http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/422930 "School, Stage, Salon: Musical Cultures in Haydn’s Vienna"], in ''[[The Journal of Modern History]]'', June 2004, Vol.&nbsp;76, No.&nbsp;2, pp.&nbsp;251–279 {{Subscription}}</ref>
-*1764 (October 18): ''L'olimpiade'' by [[Florian Leopold Gassmann]]
+* 1766 (25 May): ''Il viaggiatore ridicolo'' by Florian Leopold Gassmann
+* 1774 (4 April): ''[[Thamos, King of Egypt]]'', a play by Tobias Philipp, Baron von Gebler, with music by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
-*1766 (May 25): ''Il viaggiatore ridicolo'' by Florian Leopold Gassmann
+* 1787 (7 March): Mozart's [[Piano Concerto No. 25 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 25]] in C, K. 503<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daytonphilharmonic.com/content.jsp?articleId=294|title=Spotlets|website=www.daytonphilharmonic.com}}</ref>
-*1774 (April 4): ''[[Thamos, King of Egypt]]'', a play by Tobias Philipp, Baron von Gebler, with music by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
+* 1795 (14 October): ''[[Palmira, regina di Persia]]'' by [[Antonio Salieri]]
-*1787 (March 7): Mozart's [[Piano Concerto No. 25 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 25]] in C, K. 503<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daytonphilharmonic.com/content.jsp?articleId=294|title=Spotlets|website=www.daytonphilharmonic.com}}</ref>
-*1795 (October 14): ''[[Palmira, regina di Persia]]'' by [[Antonio Salieri]]
+* 1799 (3 January): ''[[Falstaff (Salieri)|Falstaff]]'' by Antonio Salieri
-*1799 (January 3): ''[[Falstaff (Salieri)|Falstaff]]'' by Antonio Salieri
+* 1799 (28 February): ''Camilla'' by [[Ferdinando Paer]]
-*1799 (February 28): ''Camilla'' by [[Ferdinando Paer]]
+* 1799 (12 July): ''Il morto vivo'' by Ferdinando Paer
-*1799 (July 12): ''Il morto vivo'' by Ferdinando Paer
+* 1800 (2 June): ''Cesare in Farmacusa'' by [[Antonio Salieri]]
-*1800 (June 2): ''Cesare in Farmacusa'' by [[Antonio Salieri]]
+* 1800 (2 September): ''Ginevra degli Almieri'' by Ferdinando Paer
-*1800 (September 2): ''Ginevra degli Almieri'' by Ferdinando Paer
+* 1800 (22 October): ''L'Angiolina'' by Antonio Salieri
-*1800 (October 22): ''L'Angiolina'' by Antonio Salieri
+* 1800 (18 December): ''Poche ma buone'' by Ferdinando Paer
-*1800 (December 18): ''Poche ma buone'' by Ferdinando Paer
+* 1801 (6 June): ''Achille'' by Ferdinando Paer
+* 1814 (23 May): ''[[Fidelio]]'' (final version as performed today) by [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]
-*1801 (June 6): ''Achille'' by Ferdinando Paer
+* 1821 (7 March): [[Franz Schubert]]'s song "[[D. 328|Erlkönig]]"
-*1814 (May 23): ''[[Fidelio]]'' (final version as performed today) by [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]
+* 1822 (4 December): ''Libussa'' by [[Conradin Kreutzer]]
-*1821 (March 7): [[Franz Schubert]]'s song "[[D. 328|Erlkönig]]"
-*1822 (December 4): ''Libussa'' by [[Conradin Kreutzer]]
+* 1823 (25 October): ''[[Euryanthe]]'' by [[Carl Maria von Weber]]
+* 1824 (7 May): Beethoven's [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]]
-*1823 (October 25): ''[[Euryanthe]]'' by [[Carl Maria von Weber]]
+* 1829 (11 August): The Viennese début as pianist of [[Frédéric Chopin]]<ref>Björling (2002, 8)</ref>
-*1824 (May 7): Beethoven's [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]]
+* 1837 (9 March): ''[[Das Nachtlager in Granada]]'' (second version with recitatives) by Conradin Kreutzer
-*1829 (August 11): The Viennese début as pianist of [[Frédéric Chopin]]<ref>Björling (2002, 8)</ref>
+* 1842 (19 May): ''[[Linda di Chamounix]]'' by [[Gaetano Donizetti]]
-*1837 (March 9): ''[[Das Nachtlager in Granada]]'' (second version with recitatives) by Conradin Kreutzer
-*1842 (May 19): ''[[Linda di Chamounix]]'' by [[Gaetano Donizetti]]
+* 1843 (5 June): ''[[Maria di Rohan]]'' by Gaetano Donizetti
-*1843 (June 5): ''[[Maria di Rohan]]'' by Gaetano Donizetti
+* 1844 (3 February): ''Die Heimkehr des Verbannten'' by [[Otto Nicolai]]
+* 1845 (13 November): ''[[Dom Sébastien]]'' (revised version) by Gaetano Donizetti
-*1844 (February 3): ''Die Heimkehr des Verbannten'' by [[Otto Nicolai]]
-*1845 (November 13): ''[[Dom Sébastien]]'' (revised version) by Gaetano Donizetti
+* 1845 (20 December): ''Der Tempelritter'' by Otto Nicolai
+* 1847 (25 November): ''[[Martha (opera)|Martha]]'' by [[Friedrich von Flotow]]
-*1845 (December 20): ''Der Tempelritter'' by Otto Nicolai
-*1847 (November 25): ''[[Martha (opera)|Martha]]'' by [[Friedrich von Flotow]]
+* 1864 (4 February): ''[[Die Rheinnixen]]'' (''Les Fées du Rhin'') by [[Jacques Offenbach]]
-*1864 (February 4): ''[[Die Rheinnixen]]'' (''Les Fées du Rhin'') by [[Jacques Offenbach]]
 ==References==
 '''Notes'''
+{{reflist}}
-<references />
 '''Sources'''
-*[[Eva Badura-Skoda|Badura-Skoda, Eva]] (1973) "The Influence of the Viennese Popular Comedy on Haydn and Mozart," ''Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association'' 185–189.
+* [[Eva Badura-Skoda|Badura-Skoda, Eva]] (1973). "The Influence of the Viennese Popular Comedy on Haydn and Mozart", ''[[Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association]]'', pp. 185–189.
-*Björling, David (2002) [http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1552/2002/01/LTU-DUPP-0201-SE.pdf "Chopin and the G minor Ballade'']
+* Björling, David (2002). [http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1552/2002/01/LTU-DUPP-0201-SE.pdf "Chopin and the G minor Ballade"]
-*''[[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', ed. [[Stanley Sadie]] (London, 1992) {{ISBN|0-333-73432-7}}
+==Further reading==
+* ''[[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', ed. [[Stanley Sadie]] (London, 1992) {{ISBN|0-333-73432-7}}
-== External links ==
+==External links==
 * {{Austriaforum|AEIOU/Kärntnertortheater}}
 {{coord|48|12|12|N|16|22|15|E|display=title|region:AT-9_type:landmark_source:dewiki}}
@@ Line 61: / Line 69: @@
 [[Category:Theatres completed in 1709]]
 [[Category:Former theatres in Vienna|Karntnertor, Theater am]]
-[[Category:Opera houses in Austria|Karntnertor, Theater am]]
+[[Category:Opera houses in Vienna|Karntnertor, Theater am]]
 [[Category:Buildings and structures in Innere Stadt|Karntnertor, Theater am]]
+[[Category:1709 establishments in the Habsburg monarchy]]
 [[Category:1709 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
+[[Category:18th-century establishments in Austria]]
+[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1870]]
+[[Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Austria]]

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