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Coordinates: 51°31′26″N 0°18′40″E / 51.524°N 0.311°E / 51.524; 0.311
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{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox Windmill
{{Infobox Windmill
|name = South Ockendon Mill
|name = South Ockendon Mill
|image = [[File:South Ockendon 1900.jpg|250px]]
|image = South Ockendon 1900.jpg
|image_size = 250px
|caption = The mill in working order c1900
|caption = The mill in working order c1900
|name_of_mill =South Ockendon Mill
|name_of_mill =South Ockendon Mill
|location_of_mill = {{oscoor|TQ604831|TQ 604,831}}<br>{{Coord|51.524|0.311|display=inline|format=dms}}
|location_of_mill = {{Ordnance Survey coordinates|TQ604831|TQ 604,831}}
|coordinates = {{Coord|51.524|0.311|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
|operator =Private
|operator =Private
|built =1820s
|built =1820s
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|other =A [[waterwheel]] drove one pair of millstones independent of the windmill
|other =A [[waterwheel]] drove one pair of millstones independent of the windmill
}}
}}

'''South Ockendon Windmill''' was a [[Smock mill]] at [[South Ockendon]], Essex, England which collapsed on 2 November 1977.
'''South Ockendon Windmill''' was a [[Smock mill]] at [[South Ockendon]], Essex, England which collapsed on 2 November 1977.


==History==
==History==


''South Ockendon Windmill'' was built in the 1820s. A date of 1829 is often quoted but the mill was marked on the Greenwoods' map of 1825. The mill was a combined mill, with a [[waterwheel]] driving a pair of [[millstone]]s in the base in addition to those driven by wind. The mill may have been built with the waterwheel from new. The first reference to the waterwheel was in 1845. In June 1853 the mill was struck by [[lightning]]. A steam engine had been installed by 1912 and the mill ceased working in 1923. The mill collapsed on 2 November 1977. The wreckage was taken into store at [[South Woodham Ferrers]] by Vincent Pargeter, millwright to [[Essex County Council]].<ref name=Book4>{{cite book | first = Kenneth| last = Farries| year = 1985| month = | title = Essex Windmills, Millers and Millwrights – Volume Four- A Review by Parishes, F-R| pages =89–92| publisher = Charles Skilton| location = Edinburgh| isbn = 0-284-98642-9}}</ref> A plan to restore and exhibit some of the remains in South Ockendon was shelved in 1994. The remains are still in store, available to be used if a replica of the mill is ever built, either on its original site or elsewhere.<ref name=Thurrock4>{{cite web|url=http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk/mill2.htm|publisher=Thurrock Local History Society|title=SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL (4)|accessdate=23 July 2008}}</ref> In 2005, it was announced that some of the machinery was to be used in the restoration of [[Halvergate]] Windmill, [[Norfolk]].<ref name=Halv>
''South Ockendon Windmill'' was built in the 1820s. A date of 1829 is often quoted but the mill was marked on the Greenwoods' map of 1825. The mill was a combined mill, with a [[waterwheel]] driving a pair of [[millstone]]s in the base in addition to those driven by wind. The mill may have been built with the waterwheel from new. The first reference to the waterwheel was in 1845. In June 1853 the mill was struck by [[lightning]]. A steam engine had been installed by 1912 and the mill ceased working in 1923. The mill collapsed on 2 November 1977. The wreckage was taken into store at [[South Woodham Ferrers]] by Vincent Pargeter, millwright to [[Essex County Council]].<ref name=Book4>{{cite book | first = Kenneth| last = Farries| year = 1985| title = Essex Windmills, Millers and Millwrights – Volume Four- A Review by Parishes, F-R| pages =89–92| publisher = Charles Skilton| location = Edinburgh| isbn = 0-284-98642-9}}</ref> A plan to restore and exhibit some of the remains in South Ockendon was shelved in 1994. The remains are still in store, available to be used if a replica of the mill is ever built, either on its original site or elsewhere.<ref name=Thurrock4>{{cite web|last=Yates|first=Susan|url=http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk/mill2.htm|publisher=Thurrock Local History Society|title=SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL (4)|access-date=23 July 2008}}</ref> In 2005, it was announced that some of the machinery was to be used in the restoration of [[Halvergate]] Windmill, [[Norfolk]].<ref name=Halv>
{{cite web|url=http://www.norfolkmills.co.uk/Windmills/halvergate-towermill.html|publisher=Norfolk Mills|title=Halvergate towermill|accessdate=23 July 2008}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.norfolkmills.co.uk/Windmills/halvergate-towermill.html|publisher=Norfolk Mills|title=Halvergate towermill|access-date=23 July 2008}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:South Ockendon mill ruins.jpg|thumb|The remains of the mill base, August 2005]]{{for|an explanation of the various pieces of machinery|Mill machinery}}
[[File:South Ockendon mill ruins.jpg|thumb|The remains of the mill base, August 2005]]{{for|an explanation of the various pieces of machinery|Mill machinery}}
''South Ockendon Windmill'' was a three-storey smock mill on a two-storey brick base, with a stage at first-floor level. The mill had two double [[windmill sail|Patent sails]] and two single Patent sails. The boat-shaped cap was winded by a [[windmill fantail|fantail]].<ref name=Book2>{{cite book | first = Kenneth| last = Farries| year = 1984| month = | title = Essex Windmills, Millers and Millwrights – Volume Two – A Technical Review| pages = 61–65| publisher = Charles Skilton| location = Edinburgh| isbn = 0-284-98637-2}}</ref>
''South Ockendon Windmill'' was a three-storey smock mill on a two-storey brick base, with a stage at first-floor level. The mill had two double [[windmill sail|Patent sails]] and two single Patent sails. The boat-shaped cap was winded by a [[windmill fantail|fantail]].<ref name=Book2>{{cite book | first = Kenneth| last = Farries| year = 1984| title = Essex Windmills, Millers and Millwrights – Volume Two – A Technical Review| pages = 61–65| publisher = Charles Skilton| location = Edinburgh| isbn = 0-284-98637-2}}</ref>


===Mill===
===Mill===


''South Ockendon Windmill'' had an [[octagon]]al two-storey brick base, which consisted the ground floor of the mill and a cellar. It was {{convert|26|ft|4|in|m|2}} across the flats and {{convert|8|ft|4|in|m|2}} high. The cellar was just under {{convert|8|ft|mm|0}} high.<ref name=Book2/> The mill was {{convert|58|ft|m|2}} high overall, and {{convert|50|ft|m|2}} from ground level to the top of the cap.<ref name=Thurrock2>{{cite web|url=http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk/mill2.htm|publisher=Thurrock Local History Society|title=SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL (2)|accessdate=23 July 2008}}</ref>
''South Ockendon Windmill'' had an [[octagon]]al two-storey brick base, which consisted the ground floor of the mill and a cellar. It was {{convert|26|ft|4|in|m|2}} across the flats and {{convert|8|ft|4|in|m|2}} high. The cellar was just under {{convert|8|ft|mm|0}} high.<ref name=Book2/> The mill was {{convert|58|ft|m|2}} high overall, and {{convert|50|ft|m|2}} from ground level to the top of the cap.<ref name=Thurrock2>{{cite web|last=Yates|first=Susan|url=http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk/mill2.htm|publisher=Thurrock Local History Society|title=SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL (2)|access-date=23 July 2008}}</ref>


The smock was {{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|2}} from sill to curb. The mill was {{convert|16|ft|2|in|m|2}} diameter at the curb externally, the cant posts being about {{convert|11|in|mm|0}} by {{convert|11+1/2|in|mm}}. The stage was at first-floor level, {{convert|8|ft|4|in|m|2}} above the ground.<ref name=Book2/>
The smock was {{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|2}} from sill to curb. The mill was {{convert|16|ft|2|in|m|2}} diameter at the curb externally, the cant posts being about {{convert|11|in|mm|0}} by {{convert|11+1/2|in|mm}}. The stage was at first-floor level, {{convert|8|ft|4|in|m|2}} above the ground.<ref name=Book2/>
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===Machinery===
===Machinery===


The wooden brake wheel was of composite construction, {{convert|9|ft|2|in|m|2}} diameter. It had a wooden rim and a cast-iron centre with six arms. It had been converted from clasp arm construction. The Wallower was wooden, as was the Upright Shaft. The Upright Shaft was made up of four pieces of timber. The clasp arm Great Spur Wheel was of wood. It drove three pairs of underdrift millstones, with a fourth pair being driven by the waterwheel. The wind-driven millstones were all French Burr stones, two pairs being {{convert|4|ft|m|2}} diameter and the third pair being {{convert|4|ft|10|in|m|2}} diameter. Little is known about the waterwheel except that it was undershot<ref name=Thurrock>{{cite web|url=http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk/mill1.htm|publisher=Thurrock Local History Society|title=SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL|accessdate=23 July 2008}}</ref> and drove a single pair of millstones on the first floor of the mill, which was the same floor as the wind powered millstones.<ref name=Book2/>
The wooden brake wheel was of composite construction, {{convert|9|ft|2|in|m|2}} diameter. It had a wooden rim and a cast-iron centre with six arms. It had been converted from clasp arm construction. The Wallower was wooden, as was the Upright Shaft. The Upright Shaft was made up of four pieces of timber. The clasp arm Great Spur Wheel was of wood. It drove three pairs of underdrift millstones, with a fourth pair being driven by the waterwheel. The wind-driven millstones were all French Burr stones, two pairs being {{convert|4|ft|m|2}} diameter and the third pair being {{convert|4|ft|10|in|m|2}} diameter. Little is known about the waterwheel except that it was undershot<ref name=Thurrock>{{cite web|last=Yates|first=Susan|url=http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk/mill1.htm|publisher=Thurrock Local History Society|title=SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL|access-date=23 July 2008}}</ref> and drove a single pair of millstones on the first floor of the mill, which was the same floor as the wind powered millstones.<ref name=Book2/>


===Fantail===
===Fantail===
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{{Thurrock places}}
{{Thurrock places}}


[[Category:Towers completed in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Towers completed in the 1820s]]
[[Category:Industrial buildings completed in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Smock mills in England]]
[[Category:Smock mills in England]]
[[Category:Grinding mills in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Grinding mills in the United Kingdom]]
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[[Category:Windmills in Essex]]
[[Category:Windmills in Essex]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Thurrock]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Thurrock]]
[[Category:Octagonal buildings]]
[[Category:Octagonal buildings in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1977]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1977]]

Latest revision as of 20:07, 20 November 2024

South Ockendon Mill
The mill in working order c1900
Map
Origin
Mill nameSouth Ockendon Mill
Mill locationTQ 604,831
Coordinates51°31′26″N 0°18′40″E / 51.524°N 0.311°E / 51.524; 0.311
Operator(s)Private
Year built1820s
Information
PurposeCorn mill
TypeSmock mill
StoreysThree-storey smock
Base storeysTwo-storey base
Smock sidesEight-sided smock
No. of sailsFour sails
Type of sailsPatent sails
WindshaftCast iron
WindingFantail
Fantail bladesEight blades
Auxiliary powerSteam Engine
No. of pairs of millstonesThree pairs,
Year lost1977
Other informationA waterwheel drove one pair of millstones independent of the windmill

South Ockendon Windmill was a Smock mill at South Ockendon, Essex, England which collapsed on 2 November 1977.

History

[edit]

South Ockendon Windmill was built in the 1820s. A date of 1829 is often quoted but the mill was marked on the Greenwoods' map of 1825. The mill was a combined mill, with a waterwheel driving a pair of millstones in the base in addition to those driven by wind. The mill may have been built with the waterwheel from new. The first reference to the waterwheel was in 1845. In June 1853 the mill was struck by lightning. A steam engine had been installed by 1912 and the mill ceased working in 1923. The mill collapsed on 2 November 1977. The wreckage was taken into store at South Woodham Ferrers by Vincent Pargeter, millwright to Essex County Council.[1] A plan to restore and exhibit some of the remains in South Ockendon was shelved in 1994. The remains are still in store, available to be used if a replica of the mill is ever built, either on its original site or elsewhere.[2] In 2005, it was announced that some of the machinery was to be used in the restoration of Halvergate Windmill, Norfolk.[3]

Description

[edit]
The remains of the mill base, August 2005
For an explanation of the various pieces of machinery, see Mill machinery.

South Ockendon Windmill was a three-storey smock mill on a two-storey brick base, with a stage at first-floor level. The mill had two double Patent sails and two single Patent sails. The boat-shaped cap was winded by a fantail.[4]

Mill

[edit]

South Ockendon Windmill had an octagonal two-storey brick base, which consisted the ground floor of the mill and a cellar. It was 26 feet 4 inches (8.03 m) across the flats and 8 feet 4 inches (2.54 m) high. The cellar was just under 8 feet (2,438 mm) high.[4] The mill was 58 feet (17.68 m) high overall, and 50 feet (15.24 m) from ground level to the top of the cap.[5]

The smock was 30 feet 6 inches (9.30 m) from sill to curb. The mill was 16 feet 2 inches (4.93 m) diameter at the curb externally, the cant posts being about 11 inches (279 mm) by 11+1⁄2 inches (290 mm). The stage was at first-floor level, 8 feet 4 inches (2.54 m) above the ground.[4]

The cap was boat-shaped, similar to those found on Norfolk windmills. Winding was by an eight-bladed fantail.[4]

Sails and windshaft

[edit]

South Ockendon Windmill had a cast-iron windshaft carrying two double Patent sails and two single Patent sails with a span of 64 feet (19.51 m). The double-shuttered sails had eleven bays of three shutters, and the single-shuttered sails had nine bays of three shutters.[4]

Machinery

[edit]

The wooden brake wheel was of composite construction, 9 feet 2 inches (2.79 m) diameter. It had a wooden rim and a cast-iron centre with six arms. It had been converted from clasp arm construction. The Wallower was wooden, as was the Upright Shaft. The Upright Shaft was made up of four pieces of timber. The clasp arm Great Spur Wheel was of wood. It drove three pairs of underdrift millstones, with a fourth pair being driven by the waterwheel. The wind-driven millstones were all French Burr stones, two pairs being 4 feet (1.22 m) diameter and the third pair being 4 feet 10 inches (1.47 m) diameter. Little is known about the waterwheel except that it was undershot[6] and drove a single pair of millstones on the first floor of the mill, which was the same floor as the wind powered millstones.[4]

Fantail

[edit]

South Ockendon Windmill was winded by an eight-bladed fantail Final drive was a wooden worm gear driving onto cogs of 9 inches (229 mm) pitch at the top of the smock.[4]

Millers

[edit]
  • William Eve 1820 – 1829
  • Thomas Banks 1845
  • Thomas Bennett Sturgeon 1848
  • Stephen Challis 1877
  • Smith c1877 – 1919
  • C and William Sturgeon 1912 – 1914[1][6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Farries, Kenneth (1985). Essex Windmills, Millers and Millwrights – Volume Four- A Review by Parishes, F-R. Edinburgh: Charles Skilton. pp. 89–92. ISBN 0-284-98642-9.
  2. ^ Yates, Susan. "SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL (4)". Thurrock Local History Society. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
  3. ^ "Halvergate towermill". Norfolk Mills. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Farries, Kenneth (1984). Essex Windmills, Millers and Millwrights – Volume Two – A Technical Review. Edinburgh: Charles Skilton. pp. 61–65. ISBN 0-284-98637-2.
  5. ^ Yates, Susan. "SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL (2)". Thurrock Local History Society. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
  6. ^ a b Yates, Susan. "SOUTH OCKENDON WINDMILL". Thurrock Local History Society. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
[edit]
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