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Coordinates: 40°28′01″N 74°19′59″W / 40.467°N 74.333°W / 40.467; -74.333
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{{Short description|English possession in North America (1674–1702)}}
[[Image:Wpdms_east_west_new_jersey.png|thumbnail|right|273px|The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. The Keith Line is shown in red, and the Coxe and Barclay line is shown in orange]]
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Province of East Jersey
|common_name = East Jersey
|era =
|status = Colony
|status_text = Colony of [[English overseas possessions|Kingdom of England]]
|empire = Kingdom of England
|government_type = [[Proprietary colony]]
<!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
<!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" -->
|event_start = <!-- Default: "Established" -->
|date_start = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
|year_start = 1674<!-- Year of establishment -->
|event_end = <!-- Default: "Disestablished" -->
|date_end = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
|year_end = 1702<!-- Year of disestablishment -->
|year_exile_start = <!-- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government: status="Exile") -->
|year_exile_end = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) -->
|event1 = <!-- Optional: other events between "start" and "end" -->
|date_event1 =
|event2 =
|date_event2 =
|event3 =
|date_event3 =
|event4 =
|date_event4 =
|event5 =
|date_event5 =
|event_pre = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before "event_start" -->
|date_pre =
|event_post = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place after "event_end" -->
|date_post =
<!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 -->
|p1 = Province of New Jersey
|flag_p1 = Colonial-Red-Ensign.svg
|s1 = Province of New Jersey
|s2 = Dominion of New England
|flag_s1 = Civil ensign of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg
|image_map = Wpdms east west new jersey.png
|image_map_caption = The original provinces of West and East Jersey are shown in yellow and green, respectively. The [[Keith Line]] is shown in red, and the [[Coxe–Barclay Line]] is shown in orange.
|capital = [[Perth Amboy]]
|common_languages = [[English language|English]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|religion = [[Puritans|Puritanism]]
|currency =
<!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies -->
|leader1 = [[George Carteret|Sir George Carteret]] (initial)
|year_leader1 = 1674-1680
|title_leader = Lord Proprietor
|representative1 = [[Philip Carteret (Governor)|Philip Carteret]] {{small|(first)}}
|representative2 = [[Andrew Hamilton (New Jersey governor)|Andrew Hamilton]] {{small|(last)}}
|year_representative1 = 1674–1682
|year_representative2 = 1699–1702
|title_representative = Governor
|deputy1 = <!-- Name of prime minister -->
|deputy2 =
|year_deputy1 = <!-- Years served -->
|year_deputy2 =
|title_deputy = <!-- Default: "Prime minister" -->
<!-- Legislature -->
|legislature = <!-- Name of legislature -->
|house1 = <!-- Name of first chamber -->
|type_house1 = <!-- Default: "Upper house" -->
|house2 = <!-- Name of second chamber -->
|type_house2 = <!-- Default: "Lower house" -->
<!-- Area and population of a given year -->
|stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both -->
|stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
|stat_pop1 = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given -->
|HDI=|today=|HDI_year=|demonym=|GDP_PPP_year=|GDP_PPP=|area_rank=|area_km2=|image_flag=English Red Ensign 1620.svg}}


The '''Province of East Jersey''', along with the Province of [[West Jersey]], between 1674 and 1702 in accordance with the [[Quintipartite Deed]], were two distinct political divisions of the [[Province of New Jersey]], which became the [[U.S. state]] of [[New Jersey]]. The two provinces were amalgamated in 1702. East Jersey's capital was located at [[Perth Amboy]]. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often a matter of dispute.
'''East Jersey''', together with [[West Jersey]], was a distinct, separately governed [[Province of New Jersey]] that existed for 28 years, between 1674 and 1702.


The area comprising East Jersey had been part of [[New Netherland]]. Early settlement (including today's [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen]] and [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson counties]]) by the Dutch included [[Pavonia, New Netherland|Pavonia]] (1633), [[Vriessendael, New Netherland|Vriessendael]] (1640) and [[Achter Kol, New Netherland|Achter Kol]] (1642). These settlements were compromised in [[Kieft's War]] (1643–1645) and the [[Peach Tree War|Peach War]] (1655). Settlers again returned to the western shores of the [[Hudson River]] with the 1660 formation of [[Bergen, New Netherland]], which would become the first permanent European settlement in the territory of the modern state of New Jersey. During the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]], on August 27, 1664, [[New Amsterdam]] surrendered to English forces.<ref>''New Jersey Guide to Its Present and Past'' (Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration. New York: The Viking Press, 1939)</ref>
Determination of an exact location for a [[West Jersey/East Jersey borderline]] was often a matter of dispute, but the old provinces correspond roughly with [[South Jersey]] and [[North Jersey]] today.


Between 1664 and 1674, most settlement was from other parts of the Americas, especially [[New England]], [[Long Island]], and the [[West Indies]]. [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabethtown]] and [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] in particular had a strong [[Puritans|Puritan]] character. South of the [[Raritan River]] the [[Monmouth Tract]] was developed primarily by [[Quakers]] from Long Island. In 1675, East Jersey was partitioned into four counties for administrative purposes: Bergen County, [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex County]], [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex County]], and [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County]]. There were seven established towns: [[Shrewsbury Township, New Jersey|Shrewsbury]], [[Middletown Township, New Jersey|Middleton]], [[Piscataway, New Jersey|Piscataway]], [[Woodbridge Township, New Jersey|Woodbridge]], [[Elizabeth Township, New Jersey|Elizabethtown]], [[History of Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], and [[Bergen Township, New Jersey (1661–1862)|Bergen]]. In a survey taken in 1684, the population was estimated to be 3,500 individuals in about 700 families ([[History of slavery in New Jersey|African slaves]] were not included).
Where West Jersey involved a fairly focused group of people interested in establishing a Quaker colony, East Jersey felt the influence of a variety of cultures early on. There had been [[New Netherland|Dutch]] settlement prior to the English conquest in 1664 but the Dutch had mostly abandoned the west side of the [[Hudson River]] after conflicts with the native people.


Although a number of the East Jersey proprietors in England were Quakers and the governor through most of the 1680s was the leading Quaker [[Robert Barclay]], the Quaker influence on government was not significant. Even the immigration instigated by Barclay was oriented toward promoting Scottish influence more than Quaker influence. In 1682, Barclay and the other Scottish proprietors began the development of Perth Amboy as the capital of the province. In 1687, [[James II of England|James II]] permitted ships to be cleared at Perth Amboy.<ref>"America and West Indies: October 1697." ''Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies'': Volume 16, 1697-1698. Ed. J W Fortescue. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1905. 1-4. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol16/pp1-4 British History Online website] Retrieved 15 March 2019.</ref>
The Delaware Valley had been inhabited by the [[Lenape]] (or Delaware) [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] prior to exploration and settlement starting around 1609 by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], [[Sweden|Swedish]] and [[England|English]]. Settlement of the West Jersey area by Europeans was thin until the English conquest in 1664.


Frequent disputes between the residents and the mostly-absentee proprietors over land ownership and quitrents plagued the province until its surrender to [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]]'s government in 1702.
The Dutch had established one or two [[Delaware River]] settlements, but by the late 1620s had moved most of their inhabitants to [[Manhattan]] which became the center of [[New Netherland]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+Summary of Boundary Lines<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf|title=The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968|last=Snyder|first=John}}</ref>
|Date
|Boundary Name
|Description
|-
|1674
|Original Duke of York Line


(did not recognize John Fenwick's holdings)
The development of the colony of [[New Sweden]] in the lower Delaware began in 1638. A fort was built near present-day [[Wilmington, Delaware]] at the mouth of the [[Christina River]] (named for Sweden's [[Christina of Sweden|Queen Christina]]). Most of the Swedish population was on the west side of the Delaware, but after the New Netherland's Fort Nassau was re-established to challenge the Swedes, [[Fort Nya Elfsborg]] was established near present-day Salem, New Jersey. The Dutch defeated New Sweden in 1655.
|Barnegat Bay to Rancocas Creek on the Delaware River just north of present-day Philadelphia.
|-
|1676
|Quintipartite Deed Line


(between George Carteret on the East, and William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, and Edward Byllynge on the West, except for 10% to John Fenwick)
Beginning in the late 1670's [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]] settled in great numbers first near [[Salem, New Jersey|Salem]] and then in [[Burlington, New Jersey|Burlington]] which became the capital of West Jersey.
<br />
|On the north from a point 41° 40' latitude on the Delaware River extending southward on a straight and direct line to the east side of [[Little Egg Harbor]].
|-
|1687
|William Emley / [[John Reid (surveyor general)|John Reid]] Adjustment (commissioners from West and East Jersey respectively)
|Adjusted description on the Delaware fifty minutes more westerly due to magnetic compass variation
|-
|1687
|Keith Line aka Province Line


(Surveyed north only to the south branch of the Raritan River)
== See also ==
|Stopped by Governor Daniel Coxe of West Jersey and Governor Robert Barclay of East Jersey
*[[List of Governors of New Jersey]]
|-
|1688
|Coxe-Barclay Line Survey
|Extended the Keith Line from the Raritan River along specific properties that defined the eastern boundaries of present- day Morris and Sussex Counties and the northern border of Somerset County
|-
|1696
|Thornton Line Survey
|Attempted to correct errors from previous surveys
|-
|1702
|East and West Jersey United
|Violence became so obsessive, that East and West proprietors gave up their individual governing rights to Queen Anne
|-
|1743
|Lawrence Line Survey


(Land ownership disputes continued. West Jersey proprietors attempted to fund survey but failed. East Jersey Proprietors then hired John Lawrence)
[[Category:New Jersey]]
|Adopted by NJ supreme court in 1855 as the final arbiter of all land disputes. Today defines boundary for Walpack, Sandyston, Stillwater, Hampton, and Green Townships
|}

==Constitution==
:''See: [[History of the New Jersey State Constitution#East Jersey Constitution]]''

==Governors of East Jersey (1674–1702)==
{{See also|Lord proprietor|l1=Lords Proprietor (1665–1703)|List of colonial governors of New Jersey#Governors under the Proprietors (1665–1674)|l2=Governors under the Proprietors (1665–1674)}}
{| class=wikitable
|-
|[[Philip Carteret (Governor)|Philip Carteret]]||1674–1682
|-
|[[Robert Barclay]] ||1682–1688
|-
|[[Edmund Andros]] ||1688–1689 || Governed as the [[Dominion of New England]]
|-
|[[Andrew Hamilton (New Jersey governor)|Andrew Hamilton]]||1692–1697
|-
|[[Jeremiah Basse]] ||1698–1699
|-
|[[Andrew Hamilton (New Jersey governor)|Andrew Hamilton]] ||1699–1702
|}

==See also==
*[[Concession and Agreement]]
*[[List of colonial governors of New Jersey]]
*[[Scottish colonization of the Americas]]
*[[Province of New York]]
*[[Dominion of New England]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Winfield, Charles H. ''History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey'' (New York: Kennard & Hay Printing Company, 1874)
*Harvey, Cornelius B., ed. ''Genealogical History of Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey'' (New York: The New Jersey Genealogical Publishing Co., 1900)
*John Fiske. ''The Dutch and Quaker Colonies of America. Vol. I'' (New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1903)
*Lovero, Joan D. ''Hudson County: The Left Bank'' (Sun Valley. CA: American Historical Press, 1999)

==External links==
*[http://westjersey.org/wj_line.htm Where was the West Jersey/East Jersey line?]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080915040457/http://www.njcu.edu/Programs/jchistory/Pages/B_Pages/Bergen_Township.htm Bergen Township, Past and Present]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090502010917/http://www.njcu.edu/Programs/jchistory/Pages/D_Pages/Dutch_West_India_Company.htm Jersey City's Colonial Background]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100317182208/http://www.visithudson.org/html/about.html Overview of Hudson County Heritage]
*[http://www.bergencountyhistory.org/Pages/BCHS_Links.html Bergen County Historic Society]
*[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/statech.asp#nj Colonial Charters, Grants and Related Documents] (at "New Jersey").
*[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030431682/cu31924030431682_djvu.txt The journall of the procedure of the governor and Councill of the province of East New Jersey : from and after the first day of December Anno Dmni 1682]

{{Thirteen Colonies}}
{{British overseas territories}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|40.467|-74.333|type:adm3rd_globe:earth_region:US-NJ|display=title}}

[[Category:Pre-statehood history of New Jersey]]
[[Category:History of the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:Dominion of New England]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1674]]
[[Category:1702 disestablishments in the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:Colonial United States (British)]]
[[Category:1674 establishments in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Former English colonies]]
[[Category:Former regions and territories of the United States]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1700s]]

Latest revision as of 20:52, 20 November 2024

Province of East Jersey
1674–1702
Flag of East Jersey
Flag
The original provinces of West and East Jersey are shown in yellow and green, respectively. The Keith Line is shown in red, and the Coxe–Barclay Line is shown in orange.
The original provinces of West and East Jersey are shown in yellow and green, respectively. The Keith Line is shown in red, and the Coxe–Barclay Line is shown in orange.
StatusColony of Kingdom of England
CapitalPerth Amboy
Common languagesEnglish, Dutch
Religion
Puritanism
GovernmentProprietary colony
Lord Proprietor 
• 1674-1680
Sir George Carteret (initial)
Governor 
• 1674–1682
Philip Carteret (first)
• 1699–1702
Andrew Hamilton (last)
History 
• Established
1674
• Disestablished
1702
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Province of New Jersey
Province of New Jersey
Dominion of New England

The Province of East Jersey, along with the Province of West Jersey, between 1674 and 1702 in accordance with the Quintipartite Deed, were two distinct political divisions of the Province of New Jersey, which became the U.S. state of New Jersey. The two provinces were amalgamated in 1702. East Jersey's capital was located at Perth Amboy. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often a matter of dispute.

The area comprising East Jersey had been part of New Netherland. Early settlement (including today's Bergen and Hudson counties) by the Dutch included Pavonia (1633), Vriessendael (1640) and Achter Kol (1642). These settlements were compromised in Kieft's War (1643–1645) and the Peach War (1655). Settlers again returned to the western shores of the Hudson River with the 1660 formation of Bergen, New Netherland, which would become the first permanent European settlement in the territory of the modern state of New Jersey. During the Second Anglo-Dutch War, on August 27, 1664, New Amsterdam surrendered to English forces.[1]

Between 1664 and 1674, most settlement was from other parts of the Americas, especially New England, Long Island, and the West Indies. Elizabethtown and Newark in particular had a strong Puritan character. South of the Raritan River the Monmouth Tract was developed primarily by Quakers from Long Island. In 1675, East Jersey was partitioned into four counties for administrative purposes: Bergen County, Essex County, Middlesex County, and Monmouth County. There were seven established towns: Shrewsbury, Middleton, Piscataway, Woodbridge, Elizabethtown, Newark, and Bergen. In a survey taken in 1684, the population was estimated to be 3,500 individuals in about 700 families (African slaves were not included).

Although a number of the East Jersey proprietors in England were Quakers and the governor through most of the 1680s was the leading Quaker Robert Barclay, the Quaker influence on government was not significant. Even the immigration instigated by Barclay was oriented toward promoting Scottish influence more than Quaker influence. In 1682, Barclay and the other Scottish proprietors began the development of Perth Amboy as the capital of the province. In 1687, James II permitted ships to be cleared at Perth Amboy.[2]

Frequent disputes between the residents and the mostly-absentee proprietors over land ownership and quitrents plagued the province until its surrender to Queen Anne's government in 1702.

Summary of Boundary Lines[3]
Date Boundary Name Description
1674 Original Duke of York Line

(did not recognize John Fenwick's holdings)

Barnegat Bay to Rancocas Creek on the Delaware River just north of present-day Philadelphia.
1676 Quintipartite Deed Line

(between George Carteret on the East, and William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, and Edward Byllynge on the West, except for 10% to John Fenwick)

On the north from a point 41° 40' latitude on the Delaware River extending southward on a straight and direct line to the east side of Little Egg Harbor.
1687 William Emley / John Reid Adjustment (commissioners from West and East Jersey respectively) Adjusted description on the Delaware fifty minutes more westerly due to magnetic compass variation
1687 Keith Line aka Province Line

(Surveyed north only to the south branch of the Raritan River)

Stopped by Governor Daniel Coxe of West Jersey and Governor Robert Barclay of East Jersey
1688 Coxe-Barclay Line Survey Extended the Keith Line from the Raritan River along specific properties that defined the eastern boundaries of present- day Morris and Sussex Counties and the northern border of Somerset County
1696 Thornton Line Survey Attempted to correct errors from previous surveys
1702 East and West Jersey United Violence became so obsessive, that East and West proprietors gave up their individual governing rights to Queen Anne
1743 Lawrence Line Survey

(Land ownership disputes continued. West Jersey proprietors attempted to fund survey but failed. East Jersey Proprietors then hired John Lawrence)

Adopted by NJ supreme court in 1855 as the final arbiter of all land disputes. Today defines boundary for Walpack, Sandyston, Stillwater, Hampton, and Green Townships

Constitution

[edit]
See: History of the New Jersey State Constitution#East Jersey Constitution

Governors of East Jersey (1674–1702)

[edit]
See also: Lords Proprietor (1665–1703) and Governors under the Proprietors (1665–1674)
Philip Carteret 1674–1682
Robert Barclay 1682–1688
Edmund Andros 1688–1689 Governed as the Dominion of New England
Andrew Hamilton 1692–1697
Jeremiah Basse 1698–1699
Andrew Hamilton 1699–1702

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ New Jersey Guide to Its Present and Past (Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration. New York: The Viking Press, 1939)
  2. ^ "America and West Indies: October 1697." Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 16, 1697-1698. Ed. J W Fortescue. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1905. 1-4. British History Online website Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  3. ^ Snyder, John. "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968" (PDF).

Further reading

[edit]
  • Winfield, Charles H. History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey (New York: Kennard & Hay Printing Company, 1874)
  • Harvey, Cornelius B., ed. Genealogical History of Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey (New York: The New Jersey Genealogical Publishing Co., 1900)
  • John Fiske. The Dutch and Quaker Colonies of America. Vol. I (New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1903)
  • Lovero, Joan D. Hudson County: The Left Bank (Sun Valley. CA: American Historical Press, 1999)
[edit]

40°28′01″N 74°19′59″W / 40.467°N 74.333°W / 40.467; -74.333

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