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Coordinates: 34°22′08″N 42°00′34″E / 34.368988°N 42.009579°E / 34.368988; 42.009579
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{{Short description|Historic Iraqi minaret}}
{{Infobox religious building
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Minaret of Anah
| name = Minaret of Anah<br/>{{small|Tower of Anah}}
| native_name = مئذنة عانة
| native_name = {{langx|ar|مئذنة عانة}}
| native_name_lang = ar
| native_name_lang = ar
| image = Manarat Anah 2.jpg
| image = Manarat Anah 2.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption = The minaret of Anah in 2013
| map_type =
| map_type = Iraq
| map_size =
| map_size = 240
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_relief =
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption =
| map_caption = Location in [[Iraq]]
| coordinates = {{coord|34.368988|42.009579|type:landmark_region:EG|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| religious_affiliation =
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| locale =
| locale =
| location = [[Anah]], [[Iraq]]
| location = [[Anah]], [[Iraq]]
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| prefecture =
| prefecture =
| state =
| state =
| province =
| province = [[Al Anbar Governorate]]
| region =
| region =
| country =
| country =
| administration =
| administration =
| consecration_year =
| consecration_year =
| organisational_status = <!-- or | organizational_status = -->
| organisational_status = [[Minaret]]<!-- or | organizational_status = -->
| functional_status =
| functional_status = Reconstructed
| heritage_designation =
| heritage_designation =
| ownership =
| ownership =
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| architect =
| architect =
| architecture_type = [[Minaret]]
| architecture_type = [[Minaret]]
| architecture_style =
| architecture_style = [[Uqaylid]]
| founded_by =
| founded_by = [[Uqaylid dynasty]]
| creator =
| creator =
| funded_by =
| funded_by =
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| established =
| established =
| groundbreaking =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 2013
| year_completed = 996-1096 CE
| construction_cost =
| construction_cost =
| date_demolished =
| date_demolished =
| date_destroyed = 2016
| date_destroyed = Destroyed twice in 2006 and then in 2016, but has since been rebuilt.
| facade_direction =
| facade_direction =
| capacity =
| capacity =
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| dome_dia_inner =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| minaret_height = {{convert|28|m}}
| spire_quantity =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| spire_height =
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| shrine_quantity =
| shrine_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| inscriptions =
| materials =
| materials = stone, gypsum
| elevation_m = <!-- or | elevation_ft = -->
| elevation_m = <!-- or | elevation_ft = -->
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
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| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
The '''Minaret of Anah''' ({{langx|ar|مئذنة عانة}}) or just '''Manaret al-Anah'''<ref name="Ar" /> is a historic free-standing minaret in [[Anah]], [[Iraq]]. It was built during the late [[Abbasid]] period by a ruler of the [[Uqaylid dynasty]].<ref name="Ar" /> The minaret has been destroyed twice in the modern era, but it has since been rebuilt.<ref name=":0" />


== History ==
The '''Minaret of Anah''' or '''Tower of Anah''' ({{lang-ar|مئذنة عانة}}) was a [[minaret]] in [[Iraq]] which dates back to the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid era]]. The freestanding tower was located on the western shore of [[Euphrates river]] in the old [[Anah]] region, [[Al Anbar Governorate]]. It was destroyed in 2006, then rebuilt in 2013, and then destroyed again in 2016 by [[ISIL]].
[[File:مدينة عانة في العراق 1837.jpg|thumb|The minaret in a 19th-century illustration]]
The minaret was built by one of the [[Uqaylid]] rulers. Experts have dated the construction of the minaret to between 996 CE to 1096 CE, with evidence from inscriptions and archeological features.<ref name="Ar">[https://archnet.org/sites/3837 Manaret al-‘Anah]. ''Archnet''. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</ref>


In the mid-80s, the late president [[Saddam Hussein]] inaugurated several dams in the [[Euphrates]] river in order to secure the stable supply of water, affecting the region where the tower was located and resulted in the potential danger of the tower submerging into the water. A team of Iraqi archeological experts were able to figure out a plan to dismantle the minaret into at least 28 pieces, and put it back together at a nearby, less dangerous site.
==Description==
Archaeologists estimate the construction of the tower dates back to the late Abbasid era. It is considered established during the period from 996 to 1096 CE, judging from the [[Abbasid architecture|Abbasid architectural style]], inscriptions and other elements of the building. It was originally built on the island of Labad on the Euphrates river by the [[Uqaylid dynasty]] of [[Mosul]]. The architectural style was notably different from the other Abbasid era minarets.<ref name="Ar">[https://archnet.org/sites/3837 Manaret al-‘Anah]. ''Archnet''. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</ref>


== Architecture ==
The tower reached the height of around 28 meters and consists of eight levels. It had square shaped platform and 64 niches on the octagonal frame.<ref name="Ar"/> It was slightly leaning, although the angle was less compared to the [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]].
The minaret reaches the height of approximately {{convert|28|m}} and consists of eight levels. On the northern side of the base of the minaret, one can access the minaret's interior through the opening entrance, and a staircase leads to a balcony.<ref name="Ar"/> The octagonal spire below the small dome topping the minaret has a total of 64 niches.<ref name="Ar"/> The minaret slightly leans on one end, but the tilt is not very prominent.


== Destruction of the minaret ==
In the mid-80s, the late president [[Saddam Hussein]] inaugurated several dams in Euphrates river in order to secure the stable supply of water, affecting the region where the tower was located and resulted in the potential danger of tower submerging into the water. Team of Iraqi archaeological experts had cooperated with the UAE mission to dismantle the tower into 28 pieces and relocate into nearby site.
The Minaret of Anah has been destroyed twice, in 2006 and in 2016.
==Destruction==
In 2006, the tower was destroyed by the explosion caused by the unknown perpetrator. The explosion was considered among the series of events which targeted Iraqi cultural heritage sites, including the statue of [[Al-Mansur|Abu Ja’afar al-Mansur]] in [[Baghdad]]. The Iraqi Accord Front accused [[Shia|Shiite]] militias for deliberately destroying the cultural heritages built during the [[Sunni]] dynasties including the statue of al-Mansur and the top of the [[Great Mosque of Samarra|Malwiya Minaret]].<ref>[https://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/iraq05-003.html 003. 'Anah — Minaret at 'Anah]. ''Cultural Property Training Resource''. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</ref>


=== 2006 destruction ===
In 2013, the tower was rebuilt by the work of Iraqi engineers, artists and heritage conservation based on the architectural blueprint preserved by the ministry of tourism. The tower was rebuilt along with the other heritage sites destroyed during the war.<ref>[http://www.almadapaper.net/ar/news/445823/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8 السياحة والآثار تفتتح مئذنة "عنه" في الأنبار بعد ترميمها]. ''Al-Mada Newspaper''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref>
The minaret suffered vandalism attacks in 2006.<ref name="almadapaper.net">[http://www.almadapaper.net/ar/news/445823/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8 السياحة والآثار تفتتح مئذنة "عنه" في الأنبار بعد ترميمها] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222044731/http://www.almadapaper.net/ar/news/445823/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8 |date=2018-02-22 }}. ''Al-Mada Newspaper''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> It was then blown up completely by a still-unknown perpetrator. The explosion was considered among a series of events which targeted Iraqi cultural heritage sites, including the statue of [[Al-Mansur|Abu Ja’afar al-Mansur]] in [[Baghdad]]. The [[Iraqi Accord Front]] accused [[Shia|Shiite]] militias for deliberately destroying the cultural heritages built during the [[Sunni]] dynasties including the statue of al-Mansur and the top of the [[Great Mosque of Samarra|Great Mosque of Samarra's]] historic [[Great Mosque of Samarra|Malwiya Minaret]].<ref>[https://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/iraq05-003.html 003. 'Anah — Minaret at 'Anah]. ''Cultural Property Training Resource''. Retrieved December 25, 2017.</ref> Fortunately, the minaret was rebuilt in 2013, by the work of Iraqi engineers, artists and heritage conservation based on the preserved architectural blueprint from the Iraqi Ministry of Tourism.<ref name="almadapaper.net"/>


=== 2016 destruction ===
==References==
The minaret of Anah was destroyed in late 2016 by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]<ref name=":0"/> as part of an attempt to destroy cultural heritage in Iraq.<ref name="ina.iq">{{Cite web |title=Anbar is to commence reconstructing Minaret of Anah |url=https://ina.iq/eng/15090-anbar-is-to-commence-reconstructing-minaret-of-anah.html |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=Iraqi News Agency}}</ref>
{{reflist}}


== Reconstruction ==
{{commons category|Minaret of Anah}}
The minaret was eventually reconstructed in 2022, with efforts from Iraq's Ministry of Culture.<ref name="ina.iq"/> Several fragments from the ruined minaret were also sampled.<ref name="ina.iq"/> On the first of January 2023, further improvements and rehabilitation efforts were announced<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=دائرة الصيانة والحفاظ على الآثار تعل عن أكمال تأهيل منارة عانة الاثرية |url=https://iraqpalm.com/ar/n14463 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=iraqpalm |language=en}}</ref> such as extending electrical supply to the area and rebuilding the guardhouse.<ref name=":0" />


== See also ==
{{Mosques in Iraq}}
{{portal|Islam|Iraq}}
*[[Islam in Iraq]]
*[[Imam Dur Mausoleum]], another structure associated with the Uqaylid dynasty


== References ==
{{coord missing|Iraq}}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{stack|}}
{{commons category|Minaret of Anah}}


[[Category:Abbasid architecture]]
[[Category:Abbasid architecture]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 2016]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures destroyed by ISIL]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures destroyed by ISIL]]
[[Category:Destroyed landmarks in Iraq]]
[[Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Iraq]]
[[Category:Minarets in Iraq|Anah]]
[[Category:Minarets in Iraq|Anah]]

Latest revision as of 21:18, 20 November 2024

Minaret of Anah
Tower of Anah
Arabic: مئذنة عانة
The minaret of Anah in 2013
Religion
AffiliationIslam
ProvinceAl Anbar Governorate
Ecclesiastical or organisational statusMinaret
StatusReconstructed
Location
LocationAnah, Iraq
Minaret of Anah is located in Iraq
Minaret of Anah
Location in Iraq
Geographic coordinates34°22′08″N 42°00′34″E / 34.368988°N 42.009579°E / 34.368988; 42.009579
Architecture
TypeMinaret
StyleUqaylid
FounderUqaylid dynasty
Completed996-1096 CE
DestroyedDestroyed twice in 2006 and then in 2016, but has since been rebuilt.
Specifications
Minaret height28 metres (92 ft)
Materialsstone, gypsum

The Minaret of Anah (Arabic: مئذنة عانة) or just Manaret al-Anah[1] is a historic free-standing minaret in Anah, Iraq. It was built during the late Abbasid period by a ruler of the Uqaylid dynasty.[1] The minaret has been destroyed twice in the modern era, but it has since been rebuilt.[2]

History

[edit]
The minaret in a 19th-century illustration

The minaret was built by one of the Uqaylid rulers. Experts have dated the construction of the minaret to between 996 CE to 1096 CE, with evidence from inscriptions and archeological features.[1]

In the mid-80s, the late president Saddam Hussein inaugurated several dams in the Euphrates river in order to secure the stable supply of water, affecting the region where the tower was located and resulted in the potential danger of the tower submerging into the water. A team of Iraqi archeological experts were able to figure out a plan to dismantle the minaret into at least 28 pieces, and put it back together at a nearby, less dangerous site.

Architecture

[edit]

The minaret reaches the height of approximately 28 metres (92 ft) and consists of eight levels. On the northern side of the base of the minaret, one can access the minaret's interior through the opening entrance, and a staircase leads to a balcony.[1] The octagonal spire below the small dome topping the minaret has a total of 64 niches.[1] The minaret slightly leans on one end, but the tilt is not very prominent.

Destruction of the minaret

[edit]

The Minaret of Anah has been destroyed twice, in 2006 and in 2016.

2006 destruction

[edit]

The minaret suffered vandalism attacks in 2006.[3] It was then blown up completely by a still-unknown perpetrator. The explosion was considered among a series of events which targeted Iraqi cultural heritage sites, including the statue of Abu Ja’afar al-Mansur in Baghdad. The Iraqi Accord Front accused Shiite militias for deliberately destroying the cultural heritages built during the Sunni dynasties including the statue of al-Mansur and the top of the Great Mosque of Samarra's historic Malwiya Minaret.[4] Fortunately, the minaret was rebuilt in 2013, by the work of Iraqi engineers, artists and heritage conservation based on the preserved architectural blueprint from the Iraqi Ministry of Tourism.[3]

2016 destruction

[edit]

The minaret of Anah was destroyed in late 2016 by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[2] as part of an attempt to destroy cultural heritage in Iraq.[5]

Reconstruction

[edit]

The minaret was eventually reconstructed in 2022, with efforts from Iraq's Ministry of Culture.[5] Several fragments from the ruined minaret were also sampled.[5] On the first of January 2023, further improvements and rehabilitation efforts were announced[2] such as extending electrical supply to the area and rebuilding the guardhouse.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Manaret al-‘Anah. Archnet. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d "دائرة الصيانة والحفاظ على الآثار تعل عن أكمال تأهيل منارة عانة الاثرية". iraqpalm. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  3. ^ a b السياحة والآثار تفتتح مئذنة "عنه" في الأنبار بعد ترميمها Archived 2018-02-22 at the Wayback Machine. Al-Mada Newspaper. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
  4. ^ 003. 'Anah — Minaret at 'Anah. Cultural Property Training Resource. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
  5. ^ a b c "Anbar is to commence reconstructing Minaret of Anah". Iraqi News Agency. Retrieved 2022-06-04.
[edit]