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The system of academic degrees at the University of Oxford originates in the Middle Ages and has evolved since the university's founding in 1096.

Almost all undergraduate bachelor's degrees at Oxford are titled Bachelor of Arts (BA), apart from the Bachelor of Theology (BTh) and Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA). At the same time, the university offers two bachelor's degrees as postgraduate courses – the Bachelor of Civil Law (equivalent to a Master of Laws) and the Bachelor of Philosophy (equivalent to a masters degree in philosophy). Previously, other postgraduate courses awarded bachelor's degrees, such as the Bachelor of Divinity, but the majority of such courses have since renamed their awards to master's degrees.

Seven years after matriculation, BA and BFA graduates may apply to the title of Master of Arts, which is an academic rank at the university and not a postgraduate degree. Integrated masters programs, comprising three years of undergraduate study and one year of postgraduate study, confer a single award (for example, the Master of Mathematics (MMath)). The university offers a number of postgraduate master's degrees – chiefly the Master of Philosophy, Master of Science, and Master of Studies. Professional programs such as the Master of Business Administration, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Public Policy, and Master of Theology are also awarded at Oxford.

Doctor of Philosophy programs at the University are typically abbreviated "DPhil" rather than PhD. Oxford also awards a Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsych) and Doctor of Medicine (DM), in addition to higher doctorates such as the Doctor of Civil Law. In postnominals, "University of Oxford" is normally abbreviated "Oxon.", which is short for (Academia) Oxoniensis, or Oxf.^[1]

Undergraduate awards

Bachelor of Arts (BA)
Bachelor of Fine Art (BFA)

The bachelor's degree is awarded soon after the end of the degree course (three or four years after matriculation). Contrary to common UK practice,^[2] Oxford does not award bachelor's degrees with honours. However, a student whose degree is classified third class or higher is considered "to have achieved honours status".^[3]

Until recently, all undergraduates studied for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The BFA was introduced in 1978. Holders of the degrees of BA and BFA both proceed in time to the degree of Master of Arts (MA). The BA is awarded even for science courses, such as the three-year Physics degree. The degree of Bachelor of Science (BSc) has never been awarded as an undergraduate degree at Oxford. It used to be awarded as a graduate qualification, however.

Bachelor of Theology (BTh)

The BTh is awarded primarily to students of the various theological colleges and halls, such as Wycliffe Hall, Regent's Park College, Blackfriars, St Stephen's House, Ripon College Cuddesdon,^[4] Harris Manchester College and the former Westminster College, Oxford. Usually, these students are candidates for the ordained ministry of one of the mainstream Christian denominations, but may be drawn from any faith background (Unitarian ordinands study at HMC) or none at the discretion of the College or Hall. It should not be confused with the degree of bachelor of divinity (BD), which is a postgraduate degree.

Bachelor of Education (BEd)

The BEd was formerly awarded to students residing at Westminster College, Culham College of Education, the Lady Spencer Churchill College of Education, and Milton Keynes College of Education (formerly the North Buckinghamshire College of Education) who read concurrently at the university.

Undergraduate Advanced Diploma (UGAdvDip)

The UGAdvDip is a FHEQ Level 6 award which is equivalent to the third year of undergraduate study and it is generally accepted as equivalent to a second bachelor's degree or a Graduate Diploma.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] Undergraduate Advanced Diplomas are only offered at the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford.

Undergraduate master's degrees

Beginning in the 1990s, the following degrees were introduced to increase public recognition of the four-year undergraduate science programmes in these subjects:

Master of Biochemistry (MBiochem)
Master of Biology (MBiol)
Master of Biomedical Sciences (MBiomedSci)
Master of Chemistry (MChem)
Master of Computer Science (MCompSci)
Master of Computer Science and Philosophy (MCompSciPhil), first entry 2012
Master of Earth Sciences (MEarthSci)
Master of Engineering (MEng), awarded for degrees in both Engineering Science and Materials Science
Master of Mathematics (MMath)
Master of Mathematics and Computer Science (MMathCompSci)
Master of Mathematics and Philosophy (MMathPhil)
Master of Mathematics and Physics (MMathPhys)
Master of Physics (MPhys)
Master of Physics and Philosophy (MPhysPhil)

The holders of these degrees have the academic precedence and standing of BAs until the twenty-first term from matriculation, when they rank as MAs. From 2014 graduates with these degrees wear the same academic gown as a Master of Studies, with a black silk hood lined with sand fabric.^[9] Previously the academic dress was simply the BA gown and hood.

In contrast, science undergraduates at Cambridge may be granted the degree of Master of Natural Sciences (MSci) in addition to the BA (and the subsequent MA).

Degree of Master of Arts

The degree of Master of Arts is awarded to BAs and BFAs seven years after matriculation, without further examination, upon the payment of a nominal fee. Recipients of undergraduate master's degrees are not eligible to incept as MA, but are afforded the same privileges after the statutory twenty-one terms. This system dates from the Middle Ages, when the study of the liberal arts took seven years.

Postgraduate degrees

Bachelors' degrees

Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery (BM, BCh)

At Oxford, the BM BCh degree is only awarded after the completion of another bachelor's degree. Undergraduate medicine students will receive a Bachelor of Arts in Medical Sciences degree at the end of the third year of the six-year programme. Graduates with an existing bachelor's degree may apply to a four-year version of the medicine course, which confers only the BM BCh.

In medieval times a student could not study some subjects until study in the liberal arts was completed. These subjects were known as the higher faculties. The Bachelors of Science and Letters were added in the 19th century, and the Bachelors of Philosophy was added in 1914. The higher bachelor's degree programme is generally a taught programme of one or two years for graduates.

Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL)
Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil) (now only awarded in Philosophy)

The only two remaining postgraduate-level courses awarded by the university are the Bachelor of Civil Law and the Bachelor of Philosophy, which are equivalent to master's degrees in law and philosophy respectively.

Masters' degrees

Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Master of Letters (MLitt)
Master of Science (MSc) (awarded by examination or by research)

The BLitt, BSc, and BPhil (in degrees other than philosophy) were re-titled master's degrees.

The MJur and MBA are awarded after taught courses, the MJur being the equivalent of the BCL for students from non-common-law backgrounds. The MSt is a one-year hybrid research/taught course which is the equivalent of the taught master's degree in most other UK universities. The MTh is an applied theology course for those intending to enter holy orders.

Master of Education (MEd)

The degree of Master of Education was formerly awarded to students at Westminster College, when that course was validated by the university.

Diplomas

Historically at Oxford and Cambridge, a Diploma was a postgraduate qualification for instance, the Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science). The title of Diploma has nonetheless mostly been replaced by the more common master's degree.

To distinguish postgraduate diplomas from graduate or undergraduate diplomas at other institutions, Oxford uses the term "postgraduate diploma". The Centre of Continuing Education offers part time diplomas in a number of specialised areas,^[10] and other faculties also offer postgraduate diploma courses^[11] such as the "Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law and Practice" offered by the law faculty.^[12]

Doctorates

Graduates in subjects other than Medicine can proceed to a doctorate without further examination on presentation of evidence of an important contribution to their subject, such as a series of influential published works.

Higher doctorates s may also be awarded honoris causa, or as honorary degrees. It is traditional for the chancellor to be made a DCL jure officio (by virtue of his office). Until the 19th century all bishops who had studied at Oxford were made DDs jure officio.

Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil)

The DPhil is a research degree, modelled on the German and American PhD, that was introduced in 1914. Oxford was the first university in the UK to accept this innovation.

Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsychol)

The degree of DClinPsychol is the only professional doctorate at Oxford.

Order of academic standing

Members of the University of Oxford are ranked according to their degree. The order is as follows:^[13]^[14]

Doctor of Divinity
Doctor of Civil Law
Doctor of Medicine if also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Letters if also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Science if also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Music if also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Philosophy if also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Clinical Psychology if also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Engineering if also a Master of Arts
Master of Surgery if also a Master of Arts
Master of Science if also a Master of Arts
Master of Letters if also a Master of Arts
Master of Philosophy if also a Master of Arts
Master of Studies if also a Master of Arts
Master of Theology if also a Master of Arts
Master of Education if also a Master of Arts
Master of Business Administration if also a Master of Arts
Master of Fine Art if also a Master of Arts
Master of Public Policy if also a Master of Arts
Master of Arts, or Master of Biochemistry or Chemistry or Computer Science or Earth Sciences or Engineering or Mathematics or Mathematics and Computer Science or Mathematics and Philosophy or Physics or Physics and Philosophy with effect from the twenty-first term from matriculation
Doctor of Medicine if not also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Letters if not also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Science if not also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Music if not also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Philosophy if not also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Clinical Psychology if not also a Master of Arts
Doctor of Engineering if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Surgery if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Science if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Letters if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Philosophy if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Studies if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Theology if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Education if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Business Administration if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Fine Art if not also a Master of Arts
Master of Public Policy if not also a Master of Arts
Bachelor of Divinity
Bachelor of Civil Law
Magister Juris
Bachelor of Medicine
Bachelor of Surgery
Bachelor of Letters
Bachelor of Science
Bachelor of Music
Bachelor of Philosophy
Bachelor of Arts, or Master of Biochemistry or Chemistry or Computer Science or Earth Sciences or Engineering or Mathematics or Mathematics and Computer Science or Mathematics and Philosophy or Physics or Physics and Philosophy until the twenty-first term from matriculation
Bachelor of Fine Art
Bachelor of Theology
Bachelor of Education

Within each degree the holders are ranked by the date on which they proceeded to their degree. In the case of people who graduated on the same day they are ranked by alphabetical order.

If the Degree of Master of Biochemistry, or Chemistry, or Computer Science, or Earth Sciences, or Engineering, or Mathematics, or Mathematics and Computer Science, or Mathematics and Philosophy, or Physics, or Physics and Philosophy, is held together with a higher degree, the holder will rank in precedence equally with a person who holds the same higher degree together with the Degree of Master of Arts.

References

^ "Oxford University Calendar: Notes on Style (12 March 2010)" (PDF). Archived from the original on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ "UK Quality Code for Higher Education" (PDF). October 2014. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Bachelor's degrees with honours form the largest group of higher education qualifications.
^ "Verifying qualifications | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
^ Ripon College Cuddesdon, Oxford. oxford.anglican.org
^ "Advanced Diploma in Economics". Faculty of Economics. University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 18 December 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
^ Oxford, University of. "Undergraduate Advanced Diplomas". Oxford University Department for Continuing Education. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
^ "A to Zs" (PDF).
^ "Advanced Diploma in Economics". 19 August 2016.
^ "Notices, Oxford University Gazette". Ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
^ Department for Continuing Education "Postgraduate Diplomas"
^ University of Oxford, "PGDip in Statistical Science"
^ Faculty of Law "Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law and Practice"
^ Statutes and Regulations: Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates Archived 22 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Admin.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-07-05.
^ University Gazette Archived 30 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 23 June 2011, No. 4958. Ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-07-05.

External links

University of Oxford

[1] "Oxford University Calendar: Notes on Style (12 March 2010)" (PDF). Archived from the original on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[2] "UK Quality Code for Higher Education" (PDF). October 2014. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Bachelor's degrees with honours form the largest group of higher education qualifications.

[3] "Verifying qualifications | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2020.

[4] Ripon College Cuddesdon, Oxford. oxford.anglican.org

[5] "Advanced Diploma in Economics". Faculty of Economics. University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 18 December 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.

[auto-6] Oxford, University of. "Undergraduate Advanced Diplomas". Oxford University Department for Continuing Education. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

[auto2-7] "A to Zs" (PDF).

[8] "Advanced Diploma in Economics". 19 August 2016.

[9] "Notices, Oxford University Gazette". Ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.

[10] Department for Continuing Education "Postgraduate Diplomas"

[11] University of Oxford, "PGDip in Statistical Science"

[12] Faculty of Law "Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law and Practice"

[13] Statutes and Regulations: Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates Archived 22 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Admin.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-07-05.

[14] University Gazette Archived 30 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 23 June 2011, No. 4958. Ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-07-05.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}} <!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! -->
 {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
 {{More citations needed|date=July 2016}}
-The system of [[academic degree]]s at the [[University of Oxford]] can be confusing. This is not merely because many degree titles date from the Middle Ages, but also because many changes have been haphazardly introduced in recent years. For example, the (medieval) BD, BM, BCL, etc. are postgraduate degrees, while the (modern) MPhys, MEng, etc. are integrated master's degrees, requiring three years of undergraduate study before the postgraduate year.
+The system of [[academic degree]]s at the [[University of Oxford]] originates in the Middle Ages and has evolved since the university's founding in 1096.
+Almost all undergraduate bachelor's degrees at Oxford are titled [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA), apart from the [[Bachelor of Theology]] (BTh) and [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] (BFA). At the same time, the university offers two bachelor's degrees as postgraduate courses – the [[Bachelor of Civil Law]] (equivalent to a [[Master of Laws]]) and the [[Bachelor of Philosophy]] (equivalent to a [[Master's degree|masters degree]] in philosophy). Previously, other postgraduate courses awarded bachelor's degrees, such as the [[Bachelor of Divinity]], but the majority of such courses have since renamed their awards to master's degrees.
-In [[postnominals]], "University of Oxford" is normally abbreviated "''Oxon.''", which is short for ''(Academia) Oxoniensis'': e.g., MA (Oxon.), although within the university itself the abbreviation "Oxf" can be used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/calendar/style.pdf |title=''Oxford University Calendar'': Notes on Style (12 March 2010) |access-date=2016-07-17 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705094758/http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/calendar/style.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-05 }}</ref>
+Seven years after matriculation, BA and BFA graduates may apply to the title of [[Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)|Master of Arts]], which is an academic rank at the university and not a postgraduate degree. Integrated masters programs, comprising three years of undergraduate study and one year of postgraduate study, confer a single award (for example, the [[Master of Mathematics]] (MMath)). The university offers a number of postgraduate master's degrees – chiefly the [[Master of Philosophy]], [[Master of Science]], and [[Master of Studies]]. Professional programs such as the [[Master of Business Administration]], [[Master of Fine Arts]], [[Master of Public Policy]], and [[Master of Theology]] are also awarded at Oxford.
-==Undergraduate Awards==
+[[Doctor of Philosophy]] programs at the University are typically abbreviated "DPhil" rather than PhD. Oxford also awards a [[Doctor of Clinical Psychology]] (DClinPsych) and [[Doctor of Medicine]] (DM), in addition to [[higher doctorates]] such as the [[Doctor of Civil Law]]. In [[postnominals]], "University of Oxford" is normally abbreviated "''Oxon.''", which is short for ''(Academia) Oxoniensis'', or Oxf.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/calendar/style.pdf |title=''Oxford University Calendar'': Notes on Style (12 March 2010) |access-date=2016-07-17 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705094758/http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/calendar/style.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-05 }}</ref>
+==Undergraduate awards==
 * Bachelor of Arts ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
 * Bachelor of Fine Art ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]])
-The bachelor's degree is awarded soon after the end of the degree course (three or four years after [[matriculation]]). Contrary to common UK practice,<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 2014|title=UK Quality Code for Higher Education|url=http://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/Publications/Documents/qualifications-frameworks.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213095955/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/Publications/Documents/qualifications-frameworks.pdf|archive-date=2016-12-13|page=26|quote="Bachelor's degrees with honours form the largest group of higher education qualifications."}}</ref> Oxford does not award bachelor's degrees with [[Honours degree|honours]]; however, a student whose degree is classified third class or higher is considered "to have achieved honours status".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Verifying qualifications {{!}} University of Oxford|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/graduation/verification|access-date=2020-11-21|website=www.ox.ac.uk}}</ref>
+The bachelor's degree is awarded soon after the end of the degree course (three or four years after [[matriculation]]). Contrary to common UK practice,<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 2014|title=UK Quality Code for Higher Education|url=http://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/Publications/Documents/qualifications-frameworks.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213095955/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/Publications/Documents/qualifications-frameworks.pdf|archive-date=2016-12-13|page=26|quote="Bachelor's degrees with honours form the largest group of higher education qualifications."}}</ref> Oxford does not award bachelor's degrees with [[Honours degree|honours]]. However, a student whose degree is classified third class or higher is considered "to have achieved honours status".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Verifying qualifications {{!}} University of Oxford|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/graduation/verification|access-date=2020-11-21|website=www.ox.ac.uk}}</ref>
-Until recently, all undergraduates studied for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The BFA was introduced in 1978. Holders of the degrees of BA and BFA both proceed in time to the degree of Master of Arts (MA). Note that the BA is still awarded even for some science courses, such as the three-year Physics degree which also still adheres to the traditional degree classification structure, with only 30% of candidates being awarded an upper second class honours or above. The degree of Bachelor of Science (BSc) has never been awarded as an undergraduate degree at Oxford; it used to be awarded as a graduate qualification, however.
+Until recently, all undergraduates studied for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The BFA was introduced in 1978. Holders of the degrees of BA and BFA both proceed in time to the degree of Master of Arts (MA). The BA is awarded even for science courses, such as the three-year Physics degree. The degree of Bachelor of Science (BSc) has never been awarded as an undergraduate degree at Oxford. It used to be awarded as a graduate qualification, however.
 * Bachelor of Theology ([[Bachelor of Theology|BTh]])
-* Bachelor of Education ([[Bachelor of Education|BEd]])
-The BTh is awarded primarily to students of the various theological colleges and halls, such as [[Wycliffe Hall]], [[Regent's Park College, Oxford|Regent's Park College]], [[Blackfriars, Oxford|Blackfriars]], [[St Stephen's House, Oxford|St Stephen's House]], [[Ripon College Cuddesdon]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040723004548/http://www.oxford.anglican.org/rcc/ Ripon College Cuddesdon, Oxford]. oxford.anglican.org</ref> Harris Manchester College (https://www.hmc.ox.ac.uk) and the former [[Westminster College, Oxford]]. Usually, these students are candidates for the ordained ministry of one of the mainstream Christian denominations, but may be drawn from any faith background (Unitarian ordinands study at HMC) or none at the discretion of the College or Hall. It should not be confused with the degree of bachelor of divinity (BD), which is a postgraduate degree.
+The BTh is awarded primarily to students of the various theological colleges and halls, such as [[Wycliffe Hall]], [[Regent's Park College, Oxford|Regent's Park College]], [[Blackfriars, Oxford|Blackfriars]], [[St Stephen's House, Oxford|St Stephen's House]], [[Ripon College Cuddesdon]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040723004548/http://www.oxford.anglican.org/rcc/ Ripon College Cuddesdon, Oxford]. oxford.anglican.org</ref> [[Harris Manchester College, Oxford|Harris Manchester College]] and the former [[Westminster College, Oxford]]. Usually, these students are candidates for the ordained ministry of one of the mainstream Christian denominations, but may be drawn from any faith background (Unitarian ordinands study at HMC) or none at the discretion of the College or Hall. It should not be confused with the degree of bachelor of divinity (BD), which is a postgraduate degree.
+* Bachelor of Education ([[Bachelor of Education|BEd]])
 The BEd was formerly awarded to students residing at Westminster College, Culham College of Education, the Lady Spencer Churchill College of Education, and Milton Keynes College of Education (formerly the North Buckinghamshire College of Education) who read concurrently at the university.
 * Undergraduate Advanced Diploma ([[Undergraduate Advanced Diploma|UGAdvDip]])
-The UGAdvDip is a FHEQ Level 6 award which is equivalent to the third year of undergraduate study and it is generally accepted as equivalent to a ''second bachelor's degree'' or a Graduate Diploma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/graduate/diploma/|title=Advanced Diploma in Economics|publisher=University of Cambridge|website=Faculty of Economics|access-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218053829/http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/graduate/diploma/|archive-date=18 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/about/undergraduate-advanced-diplomas|title=Undergraduate Advanced Diplomas|last=Oxford|first=University of|website=Oxford University Department for Continuing Education|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwadminoxacuk/localsites/educationcommittee/documents/policyguidance/University_awards_framework.pdf|title=A to Zs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/apply/diploma|title = Advanced Diploma in Economics|date = 19 August 2016}}</ref> Undergraduate Advanced Diplomas are only offered at the [[University of Cambridge]] and the University of Oxford.
+The UGAdvDip is a FHEQ Level 6 award which is equivalent to the third year of undergraduate study and it is generally accepted as equivalent to a second bachelor's degree or a Graduate Diploma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/graduate/diploma/|title=Advanced Diploma in Economics|publisher=University of Cambridge|website=Faculty of Economics|access-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218053829/http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/graduate/diploma/|archive-date=18 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/about/undergraduate-advanced-diplomas|title=Undergraduate Advanced Diplomas|last=Oxford|first=University of|website=Oxford University Department for Continuing Education|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwadminoxacuk/localsites/educationcommittee/documents/policyguidance/University_awards_framework.pdf|title=A to Zs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/apply/diploma|title = Advanced Diploma in Economics|date = 19 August 2016}}</ref> Undergraduate Advanced Diplomas are only offered at the [[University of Cambridge]] and the University of Oxford.
-===Undergraduate Master's degrees===
+===Undergraduate master's degrees===
-In the 1990s the following degrees were introduced to increase public recognition of the four-year undergraduate science programmes in these subjects:
+Beginning in the 1990s, the following degrees were introduced to increase public recognition of the four-year undergraduate science programmes in these subjects:
 * [[Master of Biochemistry]] (MBiochem)
+* Master of Biology (MBiol)
 * Master of Biomedical Sciences (MBiomedSci)
 * [[Master of Chemistry]] (MChem)
 * [[Master of Computer Science]] (MCompSci)
 * Master of Computer Science and Philosophy (MCompSciPhil), first entry 2012
-* Master of Earth Sciences (MEarthSc)
+* Master of Earth Sciences (MEarthSci)
 * [[Master of Engineering]] (MEng), awarded for degrees in both Engineering Science and Materials Science
 * [[Master of Mathematics]] (MMath)
@@ Line 40: / Line 47: @@
 * Master of Physics and Philosophy (MPhysPhil)
-The holders of these degrees have the academic precedence and standing of BAs until the twenty-first term from matriculation, when they rank as MAs. From 2014 graduates with these degrees wear the same academic gown as a Master of Studies, with a black silk hood lined with sand fabric.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/2013-2014/31october2013-no5039/notices/#135679 |title=Notices, Oxford University Gazette |website=Ox.ac.uk |access-date=2016-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055646/http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/2013-2014/31october2013-no5039/notices/#135679 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Previously the academic dress was simply the BA gown and hood, (from 2009, even after achieving MA status). In contrast, science undergraduates at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] may be granted the additional degree of Master of Natural Sciences (MSci) while continuing to be awarded the BA (and the subsequent MA). Note that [[biology]] undergraduates are still awarded the BA/MA, as this is a three-year course. All other undergraduates, whether their degree courses last three years or four years, are awarded the BA/MA.
+The holders of these degrees have the academic precedence and standing of BAs until the twenty-first term from matriculation, when they rank as MAs. From 2014 graduates with these degrees wear the same academic gown as a Master of Studies, with a black silk hood lined with sand fabric.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/2013-2014/31october2013-no5039/notices/#135679 |title=Notices, Oxford University Gazette |website=Ox.ac.uk |access-date=2016-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055646/http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/2013-2014/31october2013-no5039/notices/#135679 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Previously the academic dress was simply the BA gown and hood.
+In contrast, science undergraduates at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] may be granted the degree of Master of Natural Sciences (MSci) in addition to the BA (and the subsequent MA).
 ==Degree of Master of Arts==
@@ Line 50: / Line 59: @@
 ===Bachelors' degrees===
+* [[Bachelor of Medicine]] & [[Bachelor of Surgery]] (BM, BCh)
+At Oxford, the BM BCh degree is only awarded after the completion of another bachelor's degree. Undergraduate medicine students will receive a Bachelor of Arts in Medical Sciences degree at the end of the third year of the six-year programme. Graduates with an existing bachelor's degree may apply to a four-year version of the medicine course, which confers only the BM BCh.
 * [[Bachelor of Divinity]] (BD)
-* [[Bachelor of Medicine]] & [[Bachelor of Surgery]] (BM, BCh)
+* [[Bachelor of Letters]] (BLitt)
-* [[Bachelor of Civil Law]] (BCL)
+* [[Bachelor of Science]] (BSc)
-* [[Bachelor of Letters]] (BLitt) (also Bachelor of Literature, no longer awarded)
-* [[Bachelor of Science]] (BSc) (no longer awarded)
 * [[Bachelor of Music]] (BMus)
-* [[Bachelor of Philosophy]] (BPhil) (now only awarded in Philosophy)
-In medieval times a student could not study some subjects until he had completed his study in the liberal arts. These were known as the higher faculties. The degrees in Science and Letters were added in the 19th century, and the degree in Philosophy was added in 1914. The higher bachelor's degree programme is generally a taught programme of one or two years for graduates. In Medicine and Surgery this corresponds to the clinical phase of training, after which they are accorded the courtesy title "Doctor". The BD and BMus are open only to Oxford graduates who have done well in the BA examinations in divinity and music, respectively. The BPhil/MPhil is a part-taught, part-research degree which is often a stepping stone to the DPhil.
+In medieval times a student could not study some subjects until study in the liberal arts was completed. These subjects were known as the higher faculties. The Bachelors of Science and Letters were added in the 19th century, and the Bachelors of Philosophy was added in 1914. The higher bachelor's degree programme is generally a taught programme of one or two years for graduates.
+* [[Bachelor of Civil Law]] (BCL)
-===Masters' degrees===
+* [[Bachelor of Philosophy]] (BPhil) (now only awarded in Philosophy)
+The only two remaining postgraduate-level courses awarded by the university are the Bachelor of Civil Law and the Bachelor of Philosophy, which are equivalent to master's degrees in law and philosophy respectively.
-* [[Master of Surgery]] (MCh)
-The MCh is the higher degree in surgery, and is awarded on similar conditions to higher doctorates such as the DM, e.g., ten years must have passed since the lower degree in the faculty. In medieval times the distinction between a master and doctor was not significant, and both words signified the higher degree in a faculty. The title "master" is used instead of "doctor", as surgeons in England are traditionally known as "Mr" rather than "Dr".
+===Masters' degrees===
 * [[Master of Philosophy]] (MPhil)
 * [[Master of Letters]] (MLitt)
 * [[Master of Science]] (MSc) (awarded by examination or by research)
-Due to pressure from employers and overseas applicants to conform with [[United States]] practice, which is also that of most other UK universities, the BLitt, BSc, and BPhil (in degrees other than philosophy) were re-titled master's degrees.
+The BLitt, BSc, and BPhil (in degrees other than philosophy) were re-titled master's degrees.
 * [[Magister Juris]] (MJur)
@@ Line 77: / Line 85: @@
 * [[Master of Theology]] (MTh)
 * [[Master of Business Administration]] (MBA)
-* [[Master of Education]] (MEd)
 * [[Master of Fine Arts]] (MFA)
 * [[Master of Public Policy]] (MPP)
-The MJur and MBA are awarded after taught courses, the MJur being the equivalent of the BCL for students from non-common-law backgrounds. The MSt is a one-year hybrid research/taught course which is the equivalent of the taught master's degree in most other UK universities. The MTh is an applied theology course for those intending to enter holy orders. The degree of [[Master of Education]] was formerly awarded to students at [[Westminster College, Oxford|Westminster College]], when that course was validated by the University.
+The MJur and MBA are awarded after taught courses, the MJur being the equivalent of the BCL for students from non-common-law backgrounds. The MSt is a one-year hybrid research/taught course which is the equivalent of the taught master's degree in most other UK universities. The MTh is an applied theology course for those intending to enter holy orders.
+* [[Master of Education]] (MEd)
+The degree of Master of Education was formerly awarded to students at [[Westminster College, Oxford|Westminster College]], when that course was validated by the university.
 ===Diplomas===
-Historically at the oldest universities in the world (University of Oxford and University of Cambridge), a Diploma was a postgraduate qualification but it has mostly been replaced by the more common master's degree. However, in some cases the naming remains unchanged for historically significant areas or very specialized curriculum (for instance, the Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science retains its archaic name due to its historical significance in the history of computer science). It depends on the programme. However, in many cases at Oxbridge, Diploma is a Master-level qualification and require a thesis (the naming Diploma is used in case of a very specialised area that through learning process is going to be deeply explored).
+Historically at Oxford and Cambridge, a Diploma was a postgraduate qualification for instance, the [[Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science]]). The title of Diploma has nonetheless mostly been replaced by the more common master's degree.
-E.g. Oxford: Diploma in Geography, J. N. L. Baker (1921), Diploma in Legal Studies, Barney Williams (2004).
-To distinguish ''postgraduate'' diplomas from graduate or undergraduate diplomas at other institutions, Oxford uses the term "'''postgraduate diploma'''". The Centre of Continuing Education offers part time diplomas in a number of very specialised areas,<ref>Department for Continuing Education "[https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/about/postgraduate-diplomas Postgraduate Diplomas]"</ref> and other faculties also offer postgraduate diploma courses, such as the "Postgraduate Diploma in Statistical Science" offered by the statistics department,<ref>University of Oxford, "[https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/courses/pgdip-statistical-science PGDip in Statistical Science]"</ref>  or the "Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law and Practice" offered by the law faculty, commonly taken as a specialised professional course by intellectual property lawyers in the UK.<ref>Faculty of Law "[https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/content/course/postgraduate-diploma-intellectual-property-law-and-practice Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law and Practice]"</ref>
+To distinguish ''postgraduate'' diplomas from graduate or undergraduate diplomas at other institutions, Oxford uses the term "'''postgraduate diploma'''". The Centre of Continuing Education offers part time diplomas in a number of specialised areas,<ref>Department for Continuing Education "[https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/about/postgraduate-diplomas Postgraduate Diplomas]"</ref> and other faculties also offer postgraduate diploma courses<ref>University of Oxford, "[https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/courses/pgdip-statistical-science PGDip in Statistical Science]"</ref>  such as the "Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law and Practice" offered by the law faculty.<ref>Faculty of Law "[https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/content/course/postgraduate-diploma-intellectual-property-law-and-practice Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law and Practice]"</ref>
 ===Doctorates===
@@ Line 99: / Line 108: @@
 * [[Doctor of Music]] (DMus)
-Bachelors in the higher faculties other than Medicine can proceed to a doctorate in the same faculty without further examination, on presentation of evidence of an important contribution to their subject, e.g., published work, research, etc. Doctorates in the higher faculties may also be awarded ''honoris causa'', i.e., as honorary degrees. It is traditional for the Chancellor to be made a DCL ''jure officio'' (by virtue of his office). Until the 19th century all bishops who had studied at Oxford were made DDs ''jure officio''.
+Graduates in subjects other than Medicine can proceed to a doctorate without further examination on presentation of evidence of an important contribution to their subject, such as a series of influential published works.
+Higher doctorates s may also be awarded ''honoris causa'', or as honorary degrees. It is traditional for the chancellor to be made a DCL ''jure officio'' (by virtue of his office). Until the 19th century all bishops who had studied at Oxford were made DDs ''jure officio''.
 * [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (DPhil)
-The DPhil is a research degree, modelled on the German and American PhD, that was introduced in 1914. Rather atypically, Oxford was the first university in the UK to accept this innovation.
+The DPhil is a research degree, modelled on the German and American PhD, that was introduced in 1914. Oxford was the first university in the UK to accept this innovation.
 * [[Doctor of Clinical Psychology]] (DClinPsychol)
-* [[Doctor of Engineering]] (EngD)
-The new degrees of DClinPsychol and EngD are professional degrees in the American model. The EngD is the only Oxford degree to use the Cambridge abbreviation format.
+The degree of DClinPsychol is the only professional doctorate at Oxford.
 ==Order of academic standing==