Jump to content

Ford Granada (Europe): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
Added picture of all 3 mk's of Granada
Reverting edit(s) by 85.131.106.144 (talk) to rev. 1251797580 by 203.214.63.10: Test edits (UV 0.1.6)
 
(448 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{for|an unrelated vehicle marketed under the same name in North America|Ford Granada (North America)}}


{{Short description|European model of Ford Granada (1975-1982)}}
{{Infobox Automobile

| image = [[Image:european_granada123.jpg|150px|European Ford Granada]]
{{Use British English|date=October 2024}}
| name = Ford Granada Mark II
{{For|an unrelated vehicle marketed under the same name in North America|Ford Granada (North America)}}
| manufacturer = [[Ford|Ford Motor Company]]
{{Other uses|Granada (disambiguation)}}
| production = 1972-1985<br>(for mainland Europe)<br> 1972-1994 (for the UK)
{{Infobox automobile
| predecessor =
| name = Ford Granada
| successor =
| image = Ford granada ghia x.jpg
| body_style
| caption = Ford Granada Ghia (Mk II)
| engine =
| manufacturer = [[Ford of Europe|Ford Europe]]
| transmission =
| production = [[Cologne]]: 1972–1994<br>[[Ford Dagenham|Dagenham]]: 1972–1976<ref>By 1977 the cars, still badged as Granadas were assembled only in Germany. After 1985 cars were badged as Granadas for the UK and as Scorpios in mainland Europe: they were still produced only in Germany.</ref>
| length =
| class = [[Executive car]] ([[E-segment|E]])
| width =
| layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| height =
| predecessor = [[Ford Zephyr|Ford Zephyr & Zodiac]]<br>[[Ford P7|Ford 17M/20M/26M]]<br>[[Ford Taunus]]
| weight =
| successor = [[Ford Scorpio]]<br>[[Hyundai Grandeur]] (South Korea)
| wheelbase =
}}
| track =
The European '''Ford Granada''' is an [[executive car]] manufactured by [[Ford Europe]] from 1972 until 1994.

The first-generation model was produced from 1972 to 1976 at Ford’s German factory in [[Cologne]] and at its British factory in [[Dagenham]]. In 1976, production switched entirely to Germany. The original version was replaced in 1977 by a second-generation model which was produced until 1985. From 1985 to 1994, the Granada name was used, in the United Kingdom and Ireland only, for a third-generation model which was sold in other European markets as the [[Ford Scorpio]] and in North America as the [[Merkur Scorpio]].

__TOC__
{{clear}}

{{anchor|mki}}

==Mark I (1972–1977)==
{{Infobox automobile
| image = Ford Granada Mark I (Europe).jpg
| name = Mark I
| aka = Ford Consul
| production = 1972–1977
| body_style = 2/4-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]<br/>5-door [[station wagon|estate]]<br/>2-door [[coupé]]
| engine = 1.7 L [[Ford Taunus V4 engine#1.7|V4]] Europe <br>2.0 L [[Ford Pinto engine|I4]]<br>2.0 L [[Ford Essex V4 engine|V4]] UK<br>2.0 L [[Ford Cologne V6 engine|V6]] Europe <br>2.3 L [[Ford Cologne V6 engine|V6]] Europe <br>2.5 L [[Ford Essex V6 engine (UK)|V6]] UK/ZA <br>2.6 L [[Ford Cologne V6 engine|V6]] Europe <br>2.8 L [[Ford Cologne V6 engine|V6]] Europe <br>3.0 L [[Ford Essex V6 engine (UK)|V6]] UK/ZA<br>5.0 L [[Ford Windsor engine|V8]] ZA
| transmission = 4-speed manual all-synchromesh optional 3 speed auto
| length = {{convert|180|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|70.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|53.9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Autocar1972>{{cite magazine| title = New BIG Fords| series = 136|magazine=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] | volume=3960| pages =6–11 |date = 9 March 1972}}</ref>
| weight = {{convert|1190|-|1430|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|107|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=BritishCars>{{cite book |last=Culshaw |author2=Horrobin |title=Complete Catalogue of British Cars |year=1974 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |isbn=0-333-16689-2}}</ref>
| related =
| related =
| similar =
| designer =
| designer =
| assembly = {{ubl |West Germany: [[Cologne]]<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://media.ford.com/plant_display.cfm?plant_id=134 |title=Facilities |publisher=Ford Motor Company Newsroom |access-date=27 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902103657/http://media.ford.com/plant_display.cfm?plant_id=134 |archive-date=2 September 2010 }}</ref> |United Kingdom: [[Ford Dagenham|Dagenham]]}}
| fuel_capacity =
}}
}}
The '''Ford Granada''' was an [[executive car]] manufactured by [[Ford Europe]] at both its German factory in Köln ([[Cologne]]) and its British factory in [[Dagenham]] from 1972 until 1976 when production switched entirely to [[Germany]]. From 1985–94 the Granada name was used in the UK only, for a model sold in other European markets as the [[Ford Scorpio]]


Launched in March 1972, the Granada succeeded the British [[Ford Zephyr]], and the German [[Ford P7|P7-series]] as Ford's European [[executive car]] offering, and completed the integration of Ford's British and German model ranges.
==Ford Granada Mark I (1972–77)==
{{Infobox Automobile
| image = [[Image:Ford Granada Mark I (Europe).jpg|250px|European Ford Granada Mark I, 4 door saloon]]
| name = Ford Granada Mark I
| manufacturer = [[Ford|Ford Motor Company]]
| production = 1972-1977
| predecessor = [[Ford Zephyr|Ford Zephyr & Zodiac]]<br>[[Ford Taunus|Ford Taunus 20M/26M]]
| successor = Ford Granada Mark II
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan|saloon]]<br/>5-door [[station wagon|estate car]]<br/>2-door [[coupé]]
| engine = 1699 cc [[V4]] not UK<br>1996 cc [[V4]] UK only<br>1993 cc [[I4]]<br>2293 cc [[V6]] not UK <br>2494 cc [[V6]] UK only <br>2994 cc [[V6]]


At first, lower models in the range were called the [[Ford Consul]]. This may have been because of a lawsuit by [[Granada plc|Granada Group]], a major British conglomerate of the time; however, their application for an injunction failed at appeal and they could not prevent Ford from registering the name Granada as a trademark<ref>{{cite journal | title=Granada Group Ltd v Ford Motor Company Ltd |volume=90 | issue = 3 | journal=Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases |date= 5 April 1973 |doi= 10.1093/rpc/90.3.49 }}</ref> thus from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for [[taxicab|taxi]], fleet, and police use. It was also converted into [[limousine]] and [[hearse]] versions by the British companies [[Coleman Milne]] and Woodall Nicholson. Traditional four-door limousines were offered (both long and short versions) alongside an unusual four-door "coupé limousine" (of which only 12 examples were built),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.simoncars.co.uk/coachwork/granada.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240213183557/http://www.simoncars.co.uk/coachwork/granada.html | title = Coleman-Milne Granada Limousines | work = Simon Cars | first = Simon | last = Geoghegan | archive-date = 13 February 2024 }}</ref> as well as hearses in either two- or four-door configurations.<ref name=AutoKatalog1978-2>{{cite book | title = Auto Katalog 1978 | publisher = [[:de:Motor Presse Stuttgart|Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG]] | location = Stuttgart | page = 67 | year = 1977 }}</ref>
| transmission =

| length = {{Auto in|180|0}}
Mechanically, the British Granada conformed to Ford convention, the initial range using the Ford [[Ford Essex V4 engine|Essex V4]] unit in 2.0&nbsp;L [[engine displacement|displacement]], and the [[Ford Essex V6 engine (UK)|Essex V6]] engine in 2.5 and 3.0&nbsp;L capacities. German models employed a [[Ford Taunus V4 engine]] in 1.7&nbsp;L displacement, or the 3.0L Essex V6, or, more commonly the [[Ford Cologne V6 engine|Cologne V6]] in 2.0, 2.3, or 2.6&nbsp;L capacities. The [[V4 engine]] option was short lived - and was later replaced by the in-line [[Ford Pinto engine|"Pinto" (TL-series)]] unit in 1974. The car generally followed the mechanical layout of its predecessors [[Ford Zephyr|Ford Zephyr/Zodiac]], using a coil-spring independent rear end, although front [[MacPherson strut]]s were replaced by double wishbones, introduced 18 months earlier in smaller TC [[Ford Cortina|Cortina]] and Taunus. However, the Granada &ndash; like [[Ford P7|Ford 17M/20M/26M]] &ndash; featured drum brakes at rear, as opposed to the Zephyr/Zodiac rear disc brakes.
| width = {{Auto in|70.5|0}}

| height =
The car was available as a four-door [[Saloon (car)|saloon]], a five-door [[Station wagon|estate]] (Turnier), and a two-door [[fastback]] [[coupe|coupé]]. The early (1972–73) coupé had slightly different sheet metal - a more pronounced [[coke bottle styling]]. In 1974, the coupé was revised, with straighter lines. A two-door saloon joined the range in May 1973,<ref name=AutoMotoruSport197310>{{cite magazine| title = Neue Basis: Ford Consul 1700 als Zweiturer| series = Heft|magazine= [[Auto, Motor und Sport|Auto Motor u. Sport]]| volume = 10|date = 16 May 1973}}</ref> reducing the entry-level advertised German price of the car by 415 Marks, but the two-door saloon version was never produced nor officially sold in the UK. The revised “straight line rear wing” coupé was sold only in 3.0 Ghia trim in the UK, but elsewhere in Europe it was sold with other trims and all engines were available. This was the reverse of the situation with the TC [[Ford Cortina|Cortina]] and [[Ford Taunus|Taunus]], where the British model had the "[[Coke bottle styling|coke-bottle]]" styling. In continental Europe, the 1976-1977 Granadas were also available with the fuel-injected Cologne V6, producing {{convert|150|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="WC77">{{Cite book | title = World Cars 1977 | publisher = The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books | location = Pelham, NY | page = 117 | year = 1977 | isbn = 0-910714-09-6 }}</ref>
| weight = {{Auto kg|1190|0}} - <br>{{Auto kg|1430|0}}

| wheelbase = {{Auto in|107|0}} <ref name=BritishCars>{{cite book |last=Culshaw |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=Horrobin |title=Complete Catalogue of British Cars |year=1974 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |id=ISBN 0-333-16689-2}}</ref>
;South Africa
| track = {{Auto in|48.75|0}}
In South Africa, the Granada [[Perana]] [[V8 engine|V8]], built by [[Basil Green Motors]], was available through Ford dealers with the {{convert|302|cid|L|1|abbr=on}} [[Ford Windsor engine|Windsor V8]] engine, developing {{Convert|255|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|405|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2600&nbsp;rpm.<ref>{{cite web |title=Granada Perana |url=http://www.africanmusclecars.com/GranadaPerana.html |access-date=4 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727005802/http://www.africanmusclecars.com/GranadaPerana.html |archive-date=27 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most Granadas in South Africa, however, were fitted with the 3.0 L six. The 2.5 L V6 was also offered, although this model was discontinued in 1975 as the six-cylinder Cortina increased in sales. The Granada was introduced to South Africa in late 1972 in 3000 GXL automatic trim, with other models (3000 XL, Coupé, 2500 L) to follow. The coupé was the last model planned, with a scheduled introduction for May 1973.<ref name=zaCAR1172>{{cite magazine | magazine = CAR | title = Ford Granada 2500 and 3000 range | editor-last = Wright | editor-first = Cedric | volume = 16 | number = 11 | date = December 1972 | ref = DNLCV | page = 14 | publisher = Ramsay, Son & Parker (Pty) Ltd. | location = Cape Town, South Africa }}</ref> The Granada replaced both the Australian-made [[Ford Falcon (XY)|Falcon]] (sold as a "Fairmont" locally) and the [[Ford P7|20M]] of German origins.<ref name=zaCAR1172/>

<gallery widths="202" heights="135">
File:Ford Granada Consul 2 door sedan.jpg|Ford Consul two-door saloon
File:Ford Consul 2000 first reg August 1975 1993cc.JPG|Ford Consul four-door saloon
File:1976 Ford Granada L 2000 Estate (14794742205).jpg|Ford Granada Mark I estate
File:Ford Granada Coupe before rear three quarters reworked.JPG|Ford Granada Mark I coupé
File:Ford Granada Coupe with Alpine greenery.jpg|Ford Granada Mark I coupé, later version
File:Ford Granada 2.6 Ghia (6853877521).jpg|Ford Granada Mark I coupé interior
</gallery>
{{clear}}
{{anchor|Mk2|MkII|Mark2|mkii|1977}}

==Mark II (1977–1985)==
{{Infobox automobile
| image = 1982 Ford Granada 2.8 Ghia Automatic (14017431164).jpg
| name = Mark II
| production = 1977–1985
| assembly = {{ubl
| West Germany: [[Cologne]]<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
| Taiwan: ([[Ford Lio Ho]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.ford.com/plant_display.cfm?plant_id=129 |title=Facilities &#124; Ford Motor Company Newsroom | publisher = Media.ford.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090918121234/http://media.ford.com/plant_display.cfm?plant_id=129 |archive-date=18 September 2009 }}</ref>
| South Korea: [[Ulsan]] ([[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]])
| [[South Africa]]: [[Port Elizabeth]]
| [[South Africa]]: Silverton, [[Pretoria]] ([[SAMCOR]])
}}
| body_style = 2-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]<br/>4-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]<br/>5-door [[station wagon|estate]]
| engine = {{ubl
| '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''
| 1593&nbsp;cc ''[[Ford Pinto engine#TL16|TL16H]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]<ref name=WorldCars1982>{{cite book | title = World Cars 1982 | publisher = The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books | location = Pelham, NY | pages = 115–116 | year = 1982 | isbn = 0-910714-14-2 }}</ref>
| 1699&nbsp;cc ''[[Ford Taunus V4 engine|Taunus]]'' [[V4 engine|V4]]<ref name=AutoKatalog1978>{{cite book | title = Auto Katalog 1978 | publisher = [[:de:Motor Presse Stuttgart|Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG]] | location = Stuttgart | pages = 27–28, 180–181 | year = 1977 }}</ref>
| 1993&nbsp;cc ''[[Ford Pinto engine#TL20|TL20H]]'' I4<ref name=Autocar1977091977>{{cite magazine| first = Jeffrey | last = Daniels| title = Ford Granada: Ford play safe with no major chassis changes in Granada's replacement | volume = 147|magazine=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] | number = 4217 | pages =22–28 |date = 3 September 1977}}</ref>
| 1999&nbsp;cc [[V6]]<ref name=WorldCars1982/>
| 2294&nbsp;cc V6<ref name=AutoMotoruSport1977>{{cite magazine| first = Goetz | last = Leyrer| title = Vergleichstest: Neu Mitte .... Ford Granada L 2.3| trans-title = Comparison test: The New Middle...Ford Granada L 2.3 | lang=de | magazine= [[Auto, Motor und Sport]]| number = 26 | pages = 32–47 |date = 21 December 1977}}</ref>
| 2792&nbsp;cc V6<ref name=Autocar1977091977/>
| '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]'''
| 1948&nbsp;cc (Peugeot) I4<ref name="QR379">{{cite journal | journal = Quattroruote | title = Il mercato dell'automobile - Prezzi vetture straniere nuove |trans-title=The Car Market: New Import Car Prices | language = it |date=March 1979 | volume = 24 | issue = 280 | publisher = Editoriale Domus | location = Milan, Italy | editor-first = Gianni | editor-last = Mazzocchi | page = 203 }}</ref>
| 2112&nbsp;cc (Peugeot) I4<ref name=WorldCars1982/>
| 2498&nbsp;cc (Peugeot) I4<ref name=AutoKatalog1983>{{cite book | title = Auto Katalog 1983 | publisher = [[:de:Motor Presse Stuttgart|Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG]] | location = Stuttgart |pages=34, 204–205 | year = 1982 }}</ref>
}}
| transmission = 4/5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br> 3-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
| length = {{convert|4720|mm|in||abbr=on}}<ref name=AutoMotoruSport1977/> (Saloon)<br>{{convert|4824|mm|in||abbr=on}}<ref name=AutoMotoruSport197807>{{cite magazine| title = Raumpflege | trans-title = Space concern | language = de | magazine= [[Auto, Motor und Sport]]| number = 7 | page = 100 |date = 29 March 1978}}</ref> (Estate/Turnier)
| width = {{convert|1791|mm|in||abbr=on}}<ref name=AutoMotoruSport1977/>
| height = {{convert|1416|mm|in||abbr=on}}<ref name=AutoMotoruSport1977/> (Saloon)<br>{{convert|1422|mm|in||abbr=on}}<ref name=AutoMotoruSport197807/> (Estate/Turnier)
| weight =
| wheelbase = {{convert|2769|mm|in||abbr=on}}<ref name=AutoMotoruSport1977/>
| related =
| related =
| similar =
| designer =
| designer =
| successor = [[Ford Scorpio]] (outside UK)<br>[[Hyundai Grandeur]] (South Korea)
| fuel_capacity =
}}
}}


The square and straight-lined Granada Mark II – known internally within Ford as "Granada 78" – was released in August 1977 (for the 1978 model year) and was produced until April 1985, following a mild facelift and attention to drivetrain [[noise, vibration, and harshness]] in 1981. The Mark II was essentially a reskin of the 1972 car, with new external panelwork that brought the Granada into line with Ford's new design language initiated by stylist [[Uwe Bahnsen]], taking styling cues also used on the recently launched Cortina/Taunus Mk IV and Mk I [[Ford Fiesta|Fiesta]]. Much of the Mark I bodywork was retained, such as inner door pressings – the curved uptick at the rear doors now disguised with black paint behind the horizontal chrome trim strip on the saloon – and the estate version effectively grafted the Mk II nose to the Mk I body, retaining the same panels as the old car aft of the [[Pillar (car)|A pillars]].<ref name=driventowrite>{{cite web |url=https://driventowrite.com/2021/04/15/under-the-knife-taking-care-of-the-pennies-ford-zephyr-zodiac-consul-granada/ |title=Under the Knife – Taking Care of the Pennies |publisher=Driven To Write | first = Daniel | last = O'Callaghan |date=15 April 2021}}</ref> The engineering was very similar, the main differences being the [[Ford Cologne V6 engine|"Cologne" V6]] engine in 2.0, 2.3, and 2.8&nbsp;L forms replacing the older "Essex" unit, and the introduction of features such as [[air conditioning]] and, for the top-priced 2.8-litre versions, fuel-injection. In mainland Europe, a 1.7&nbsp;L V4 was originally available. By the time of its introduction, UK Granada production had been quietly abandoned "for some time"; UK market Granada IIs were imported from Germany.<ref name=Autocar197709>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] |title = Lots new at show of the year| pages =22–24| date = 17 September 1977}}</ref> Internally within Ford, the "Cologne" 1.7, 2.0, 2.3, and 2.8 units were the last derivatives of the 'V-Taunus' range of engines. UK and Irish spec 2.0 Granadas used the 4-cylinder "[[Ford Pinto engine|"Pinto" (or TL-series)]] engine, as did continental market 1.6 versions - this smaller capacity was deemed too small for the British and Irish markets and was therefore not offered.
The March 1972 released Granada succeeded the British [[Ford Zephyr|Ford Zephyr/Zodiac]], and the German [[Ford Taunus|Ford 17M/20M/26M]], as Ford's European [[executive car]] offering. At first, lower models in the range were called the '''[[Ford Consul]]''', but from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for [[taxicab|taxi]], fleet and police usage. It was also converted into [[limousine]] and [[hearse]] versions by the British companies [[Coleman Milne]] and [[Woodall Nicholson]].


<gallery widths=200 heights=140>
[[Image:Ford Granada Consul 2 door sedan .jpg|thumb|250px|left|European Ford Consul, 2 door saloon: the lesser equipped version was initially badged as a Ford Consul, but from 1975 the entire range carried the Granada name.]]
Ford Granada MkII pre facelift ca 1980.jpg|Although most surviving Granada Mark IIs feature the body-coloured post-facelift (1981) grille, earlier cars came with a simple black grille regardless of body colour.
[[Image:Ford Granada Coupe with Alpine greenery.jpg|thumb|250px|left|European Ford Granada Mark I coupé]]Mechanically, the European Granada conformed to Ford convention, the initial range using the Ford [[Essex V4]] unit in 2.0&nbsp;L [[engine displacement|displacement]], and the [[Ford Essex V6 engine|"Essex" V6]] engine in 2.5 and 3.0&nbsp;L capacities. German models employed a [[Ford Taunus V4 engine]] in 1.7&nbsp;L displacement, or the 3.0L Essex V6, or, more commonly the [[Ford Cologne V6 engine|"Cologne" V6]] in 2.0, 2.3 or 2.6&nbsp;L capacities. The [[V4]] was later replaced by the [[Ford Pinto engine|Pinto]] unit. The car generally followed mechanical layout of its predecessors [[Ford Zephyr|Ford Zephyr/Zodiac]], utilizing a coil sprung independent rear end, although front McPherson struts were replaced by double wishbones, introduced 18 months earlier in smaller TC [[Ford Cortina|Cortina]] and Taunus. On the other hand the Granada &ndash; like [[Ford Taunus|Ford 17M/20M/26M]] &ndash; featured drum brakes at rear, as opposed to the [[Ford Zephyr|Ford Zephyr/Zodiac]] rear disc brakes.
1979 Ford Granada L 2 Door (14770307772).jpg|1979 Ford Granada L two-door saloon (Mark II)
1985_Ford_Granada_2.8_Ghia_Automatic_Estate_(13824683473).jpg|1985 Ford Granada Mark II Estate: panels from the windscreen back were carried over from the Mark I Estate
Ford Granada rear 20080808.jpg|Granada 2.8 GLS, showing pre-facelift taillamp design.
</gallery>


The coupé was discontinued when the new model began production, although there was a two-door saloon version in certain European markets. A relatively low number of vehicles were also produced with an [[Indenor]] four-cylinder [[diesel engine]] in 1.9-, 2.1-, and 2.5-litre capacities.<ref name="QR0484">{{cite journal | journal = Quattroruote | title = Estere usate |trans-title=Used Imports | language = it |date=April 1984 | volume = 29 | issue = 342 | publisher = Editoriale Domus | location = Milan, Italy | editor-first = Gianni | editor-last = Mazzocchi | page = 268 }}</ref> As their own, commercial diesel engine production lines had no extra capacity, Ford signed a contract with Peugeot to buy their 1.9 and 2.1-litre [[List of PSA engines#XD|XD engines]]. Soon after the arrangement was complete, Peugeot announced their new, more powerful 2.3-litre iteration, which was not made available to Ford.<ref name=Autocar4273>{{Cite magazine| title= Ford Granada 2.1 Diesel: A commercial proposition | magazine = [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] | date = 30 September 1978 | volume = 149 | number = 4273 | editor-first = Ray | editor-last = Hutton | page = 39 }}</ref> The smallest 1.9 was quite underpowered and was soon supplanted by the somewhat more powerful 2.1, which was presented as the "Granada GLD" in March 1979 at Geneva.<ref name="QR0379">{{cite journal | journal = Quattroruote | title = Due nuove Ford "Granada" |trans-title=Two New Ford Granadas | language = it |date=March 1979 | volume = 24 | issue = 280 | publisher = Editoriale Domus | location = Milan, Italy | editor-first = Gianni | editor-last = Mazzocchi | page = 71 }}</ref> By 1982, this was replaced by the more capable 2.5.<ref name="QR0484"/> Originally only available as four-door saloons (the later 2.5 also as an estate), most of these went to taxi operators, and few survive.
The cars were available as two- and four-door [[Saloon (car)|saloon]]s, a five-door [[Station wagon|estate]] (Turnier) and two-door [[fastback]] [[coupe|coupé]]. The early (1972-73) coupé had slightly different sheet metal; a more pronounced [[coke bottle styling]]. In 1974 the coupé was revised, with more straight lines. The "coke-bottle" coupé was unsuccessful in the UK. A revised coupé was sold only in [[Ghia]]-trim in the UK; elsewhere in all trims with all engines available. This was the reverse of the situation with the TC [[Ford Cortina|Cortina]] and [[Taunus]], where the British model had the "coke-bottle" styling.


Fuel-injected 2.8 models were originally rated at 160bhp and offered with a unique 'S' pack (based on L trim but with updated suspension, TRX wheels and tyres and spotlights) or with normal GL or Ghia trim. In 1979, the “iS” and “iGL” were replaced by the 2.8i GLS. A limited edition “Sapphire” model was also announced with slightly different trim and two tone blue over silver paintwork (strangely, the rocker panels were painted in body colour rather than matt black which made the side profile of the car look deeper and less sleek). Today early injection models are particularly rare. The 2.8i S model was immortalised by the silver vehicle used in the TV series ''[[The Sweeney]]''. Changes for 1980 were limited to new colours and new, more comfortable seats.<ref name=Keesings79>{{cite magazine | title = Nieuw 1980 |trans-title=1980 News | language = nl-be |magazine=Keesings Auto Magazine | location = Antwerp, Belgium | date = 15 September 1979 | volume = 2 | number = 17 | page = 7 | editor-last = Rombauts | editor-first = Walter }}</ref>
In [[South Africa]], the Granada [[Perana]] [[V8]], built by [[Basil Green Motors]], was available through Ford dealers with the 302 in³ [[Ford Windsor engine|Windsor V8]] engine, developing 220 DIN HP.


The Granada was a strong seller in the UK, peaking in 1979 as the seventh best selling car with more than 50,000 sales, and also appearing in the top 10 for sales figures in 1978 and 1982. It remained the best selling car in this sector in Britain throughout its whole production run, despite competition from the likes of the [[Leyland Princess]], [[Rover SD1]] and [[Vauxhall Carlton]].
==Ford Granada Mark II (1977–85)==
[[Image:Ford Granada 2 Tuerig bei Rhein.jpg|thumb|250px|right|European Ford 1980 Granada 2 door]]
[[Image:Ford Granada Break.jpg|thumb|right|250px|European Ford 1981 Granada Estate: the design of the rear portion was carried over from the Mark I Granada estate]]
The square and straight-lined Granada '78 appeared in August 1977 and was produced until April 1985 following a mild facelift and attention to drivetrain NVH in 1982. It was a development of the previous car, the main differences being the [[Ford Cologne V6 engine|"Cologne" V6]] engine in 2.3&nbsp;L and 2.8&nbsp;L forms replacing the older "Essex" unit (which had never been offerered in the Cologne built Granadas), and the introduction of features such as [[air conditioning]] and fuel-injection. Internally within Ford, the "Cologne" 2.3 and 2.8 units were the latest derivatives of the 'V-Taunus' range of engines.


Due to import restrictions, Ford was only selling the Fiesta in Spain (as it was manufactured there) in the 1970s. In 1979, Ford received authorization to sell the Granada and [[Ford Taunus TC|Taunus]] as well, but competing manufacturers accused Ford of [[Anti-competitive practices|selling below cost]] to lower tariffs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewin |first=Ignacio |date=19 January 1980 |title=Posible caso de "dumping" en Ford España en el modelo "Granada" |language=es |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1980/01/20/economia/317170805_850215.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |issn=1134-6582}}</ref> Import authorization for the Granada (as well as the Taunus) was briefly suspended but eventually reinstated with the proviso that Ford raise the sales price by fifteen percent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewin |first=Ignacio |date=31 May 1980 |title=Inminente solución a las importaciones de Ford Taunus y Granada |language=es |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1980/06/01/economia/328658410_850215.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |issn=1134-6582}}</ref>
The coupé was discontinued when the new model began production, although there was a 2-door saloon version in certain European markets. A relatively low number of vehicles were also produced with the [[Peugeot 504]] / [[Peugeot 505|505]] four-cylinder [[diesel engine]] in 1.9, 2.1 and 2.5 litre capacities. Most of these went to taxi operators and few survive.


[[Ford Australia]]'s 1979–1982 [[Ford Falcon XD|XD series Falcon]] bears a strong visual resemblance to the Granada Mark II, however the only parts common to both cars are the headlamps;<ref name=stuff>{{cite web | url = https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/news/84897303/five-fascinating-ford-falcon-facts | work = [[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] | title = Five fascinating Ford Falcon facts | date = 12 October 2016 | first = Damien | last = O'Carroll }}</ref> the Falcon being a larger car with a significantly longer wheelbase and US-derived engines and chassis architecture. In the mid-1970s, Ford Australia President Brian Inglis had taken particular interest in the development of the forthcoming Granada, and in 1976 arranged for a key member of Ford of Europe's design team, Trevor Creed, to produce a Falcon [[Industrial plasticine|clay]] that reflected its design. However, by the time it reached production, the Falcon also incorporated design elements from the [[Ford_Mustang_(third_generation)|1979 Ford Mustang]], including a lower belt line with larger windows and a more steeply-sloped bonnet, and featured lightweight plastic bumpers.<ref name=shannons>{{cite web | url = https://www.shannons.com.au/club/news/classic-garage/1979-82-ford-xd-falcon-was-ford-robbed/ | publisher = [[Suncorp Group|Shannons]] | title = 1979-82 Ford XD Falcon: Was Ford Robbed? | date = 3 March 2014 | first = Joe | last = Kenwright }}</ref> The 1981 facelift of the Granada introduced a further visual similarity, with the restyled taillamps of the saloon being of similar design to those of the XD Falcon.
As the range matured another two models were introduced. A sports based Granada was introduced as the Granada '''2.8 Injection''' which had white alloy wheels and a rather odd looking black bootlid spoiler. This model borrowed the 2.8i "injected" engine from the Ghia model range. Towards the end of its production run, the introduction of the 2.0 and 2.3 '''LX''' saloon and estate UK marketing packs provided versions with a slightly higher specification than the "base" L models.


===Facelift===
A special Ford of Britain only marketing pack edition of the Ghia X model was later introduced as the "Ford Granada Ghia X Executive" which standardised luxury appointments such as the high grade [[Connolly Leather]] interior that had previously been an optional fitment. There was also a special "Taxi" edition, available only in black, which included a foot-operated "panic button" in the drivers' footwell which would operate the alarm system. In addition to these two models the range was complemented by estate models which reflected the same appointment levels as the entire saloon range including the Ghia X, but not the Ghia X Executive model.
The range had a facelift in September 1981 with larger wrap-around bumpers, a three-bar body coloured grille, revised dashboard, restyled taillights, and redesigned seats which improved driver and passenger comfort.<ref name=AC4459a>{{cite magazine | ref = ES1 | magazine = [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] | title = Ford Granada 2.3L Estate: Cavernous and smooth | editor-first = Ray | editor-last = Hutton | publisher = IPC Business Press Ltd. | page = 29 | date = 5 June 1982 | volume = 156 | number = 4459 }}</ref> The two-door saloon was discontinued. There were also a number of detail improvements under the shell; the gearbox, clutch, and brakes were revised, the [[Trailing-arm suspension|semi-trailing arm]] rear suspension geometry was altered, and variable rate rear springs became standard across the range.<ref name=AC4459a/> In Continental Europe the 1.7-litre V4 engine at the bottom of the lineup was replaced by the more modern, but still overworked, 1.6-litre [[Ford Pinto engine|Pinto engine]]. The British lineup still began with the 2-litre four. The interior remained largely the same, apart from detail changes such as new trim materials and steering wheels - the dashboard layout was altered with the heater controls now oriented vertically next to the instrument cluster to make space for the optional trip computer, and higher models in the range now featured the electronic check-light system first seen on the [[Ford Escort (Europe)|Escort Mk III]] housed within an aircraft style overhead console above the rear view mirror.


In most of Europe an even sportier looking Granada was added to the range as the Granada 2.8 Injection which had white metric-sized alloy wheels with [[Michelin TRX]] tyres, uprated suspension, Recaro seats, deep front valance and bootlid spoilers, colour coded bumpers, front spotlights and blackened trim. This model used the same 2.8 injected engine, now slightly down rated at {{cvt|150|bhp|kW|0}}, which was usually seen in the Ghia models. Towards the end of its production run, the introduction of the 2.0 and 2.3 LX saloon and estate UK marketing packs provided lower cost versions with a slightly higher specification than the "base" L models. GL trim was also offered briefly on vehicles with 2.0 engines and Ghia trim was offered on a diesel engine model with the introduction of the 2.5 D Ghia.
Ford subcontracted assembly to [[Hyundai Motor Company]] in [[South Korea]] for export of this model to Southeast Asian countries.


A special Ford of Britain-only marketing pack edition of the Ghia X model was later introduced as the "Ford Granada Ghia X Executive" which standardised luxury appointments such as the high-grade [[Connolly Leather]] interior that had previously been an optional fitment. Further refinements such an electric slide and tilt sunroof, electric boot release on saloons, electric seat adjustment, heated seats, a trip computer, and air conditioning set the Granada [[Ghia]] X above most other cost-comparable executive cars available in the UK in the early '80s. The special "Taxi" edition was available only in black, which included a foot-operated "panic button" in the driver's footwell which would operate the alarm system. In addition to these two models, the range was complemented by estate models which reflected the same appointment levels as the entire saloon range, including the Ghia X, but not the Ghia X Executive model.
==Ford Granada Mark III (1985–94)==
:{{main|Ford Scorpio}}
[[Image:Ford Scorpio Limousine.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ford Granada Mark III]]
In April 1985 the third-generation car arrived, which was essentially a rebadged [[Ford Scorpio]], the Granada name being used in the UK and Ireland only, with the Scorpio badge being reserved for the top-range versions. The Mark III Granada was unique in being the first British Ford with [[anti-lock braking system|anti-lock brakes]] fitted as standard.


<gallery widths=200 heights=140>
Engine options included the familiar SOHC Pinto engine, in either tax-barrier undercutting 1.8&nbsp;L form, or a more powerful 2&nbsp;litre version with fuel injection available. The Cologne V6 engines were carried over from the previous range in short-lived (and not much more powerful than the 2&nbsp;L Pinto) 2.4&nbsp;L, and 2.8&nbsp;L (later 2.9&nbsp;L) capacities. In 1991 A new range-topping vehicle was introduced, the Scorpio 24-valve. It featured a 2.9&nbsp;L Cologne engine that had been extensively re-worked by [[Cosworth|Cosworth Engineering]] and featured quad camshafts and 24 valves, enough for {{Auto bhp|200|-1}}. According to Ford this gavea 0-60&nbsp;mph time of 8.1 seconds and top speed of {{convert|140|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.
Mk2 Ford Granada 2.3 LX Auto Estate.jpg|1985 Mk2 Series 2 Ford Granada 2.3 LX Auto Estate. Note the body-coloured grille.
1982 Ford Granada 2.8 GL (14615790269).jpg|A 1982 Granada 2.8 GL, showing restyled taillamps and wraparound bumpers introduced with the facelift.
</gallery>


{{Anchor|Special models}}
This version of the Granada continued the "Ford family" styling concept from the previous versions; this time the car superficially resembled a larger version of the Cortina's successor, the [[Ford Sierra]].

===Special models===
Ford subcontracted assembly to [[Hyundai Motor Company]] in [[South Korea]] for sales in that market, where it continued to be sold from October 1978 to 1986, when it gave way to the [[Hyundai Grandeur]]. Production continued from stockpiled kits until December 1985, after 4,743 had been built.<ref name="BFP10">{{cite news | last = Lee | first = Ho-jeong | title = Blast From the Past #10: Long before the gallop of Equus, Granada was Korea's luxury car | url = http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2913214 | newspaper = Korea JoongAng Daily | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141213184402/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2913214 | date = 30 November 2009 | archive-date = 13 December 2014 }}</ref> The car originally received a 2.0-litre [[V6 engine]] with a two-barrel [[Solex Carburetor|Solex]] [[carburetor]] and four-speed manual transmission, but after the 1980 oil crisis had slowed down sales, the more economical 2-litre four-cylinder was also made available.<ref name=Daum1>{{cite web | url = http://auto.daum.net/review/specialcpread.daum?articleid=111483&bbsid=39 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129012109/http://auto.daum.net/review/specialcpread.daum?articleid=111483&bbsid=39 | archive-date = 2014-11-29 | date = 2013-05-31 | title = [추억의 올드카] 응답하라 1978, 현대 그라나다 | trans-title = Nostalgic old car, entry 1978, Hyundai Granada | first = Dong-Gyun | last = Kim | language = ko | work = Mega Auto | publisher = Daum Kakao Corp. }}</ref> The Granada competed with the [[Daewoo Royale|Saehan Rekord (Royale)]], as well as the [[Peugeot 604]], imported by [[Kia Motors]]. Taxes were very high on imported cars, with the Granada (and 604) landing in an even higher tax bracket for cars with wheelbases of over {{convert|2.7|m|ftin}}. {{ill|Chung Mong-pil|ko|정몽필}}, the eldest son of Hyundai's founder [[Chung Ju-yung]], died in a car accident in a Granada.<ref name="BFP10"/>

Additionally, hearses were offered by outside conversion companies, as well as a series of four-door limousines built by Coleman Milne.<ref name=Salon83>{{cite journal | editor-last1 = Costa | editor-first1 = André | editor-first2 = Georges-Michel | editor-last2 = Fraichard | date = 1 September 1982 | title = Salon 1983: Toutes les Voitures du Monde | issue = 14–15 | page = 210 | journal = L'Auto Journal | location = Paris | language = fr
}}</ref> These included the slightly stretched "Minster" 15&nbsp;cm, and the 68&nbsp;cm longer "Dorchester" and better equipped "Grosvenor". As of autumn 1982, the Dorchester was also available in an estate version with elongated rear doors, called the "Windsor".<ref name=AutoKatalog1984>{{cite book | title = Auto Katalog 1984 | publisher = [[:de:Motor Presse Stuttgart|Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG]] | location = Stuttgart |pages=84, 216–217 | year = 1983 }}</ref>
{{clear}}

{{anchor|mkiii}}

==Mark III (1985–1994)==
{{main|Ford Scorpio}}
[[File:Ford Scorpio front 20080414.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ford Scorpio: The Scorpio was branded as a third generation "Ford Granada" for "[[British Isles naming dispute|British Isles]]" markets]]
In April 1985, the third-generation car arrived, which was essentially a rebadged [[Ford Scorpio]], the Granada name being used in both [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] and the United Kingdom only, with the Scorpio badge (which covered the whole range in [[Continental Europe]]) being used instead as a trim designation for the top of the range models. The Mark III Granada was the first European volume production model to have [[anti-lock braking system|antilock brakes]] fitted as standard across the range. It was voted [[European Car of the Year]] in 1986.

Engine options included the familiar SOHC Pinto engine, in either tax-barrier undercutting 1.8&nbsp;L form, or a more powerful 2-litre version with fuel injection available. The Cologne V6 engines were carried over from the previous range in short-lived (and not much more powerful than the 2&nbsp;L Pinto) 2.4&nbsp;L, and 2.8&nbsp;L (later 2.9&nbsp;L) capacities. In 1991, a new range-topping vehicle was introduced, the Scorpio 24-valve. It featured a 2.9&nbsp;L Cologne engine that had been extensively reworked by [[Cosworth|Cosworth Engineering]] and featured quad camshafts and 24 valves, enough for {{convert|200|bhp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}. According to Ford, this gave a 0-60&nbsp;mph time of 8.1 seconds and top speed of {{convert|140|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.

This version of the Granada continued the "Ford family" styling concept from the previous versions; this time, the car superficially resembled a larger version of the Cortina's successor, the [[Ford Sierra]]. It had followed the precedent set by both the Sierra and the [[Ford Escort (Europe) #Third generation (1980–1986)|Escort Mk III]] in changing from the angular saloon styling of their predecessors to an advanced aerodynamic hatchback body style.

The Ford Granada Mk III was the last car to bear the Granada badge in the UK and Ireland, being replaced in 1994 with the pan-European Scorpio. The Scorpio shared its platform doors and roof with the Mk III Granada. The styling of the nose and tail sections were updated to match the ovoid designs being used across the Ford range in the 1990s. On the Scorpio, this resulted in a controversial design. After a 1998 redesign, it was taken out of production the same year with total European sales being 95,587 units.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:1991 Ford Granada Scorpio 2.0 I (14448603139).jpg|1991 Ford Granada Scorpio 2.0 Saloon (Mark III)
File:1989 Ford Scorpio 2.0i Ghia Automatic (53267494361).jpg|1989 Ford Scorpio 2.0i Ghia (Mark III) rear
File:Ford Granada mkIII Scorpio 24v Cosworth.jpg|Ford Granada Mark III 24v Cosworth
File:1993 Ford Granada 2.0 LXi Auto Estate (18336192568).jpg|1993 Ford Granada 2.0 LXi Estate (Mark III)
File:Ford Scorpio Turnier rear 20071026.jpg|Ford Granada Estate (Mark III) rear
</gallery>

{{clear}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
{{commonscat|Ford Granada}}
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.ford-granadaguild.org.uk/ The Ford Granada Owners Guild of the U.K]
*[http://fordgranadaclubuk.freefo.de/ FGCUK Ford Granada Club UK] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129104005/http://fordgranadaclubuk.freefo.de/ |date=29 January 2022 }}
*[https://www.instagram.com/fordgranadaclub/ Ford Granada page] on Instagram
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100327203820/http://www.fordgranada-mk1-2-3club.co.uk/ Ford Granada Mk123 Club]
*[http://www.granada-and-scorpio-online.com/ Granada & Scorpio Online]


{{Early European Ford vehicles}}
{{Early European Ford vehicles}}
{{FordEurope}}
{{Hyundai timeline 1968–1997}}


[[Category:Ford of Europe vehicles|Granada (Europe)]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1972]]
[[Category:1980s cars]]
[[Category:1990s cars]]
[[Category:Executive cars]]
[[Category:Executive cars]]
[[Category:Ford vehicles|Granada (Europe)]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Ford vehicles]]
[[Category:1970s cars]]

[[Category:Saloons]]
[[de:Ford Granada]]
[[fr:Ford Granada]]
[[Category:Station wagons]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 1994]]
[[ko:포드 그라나다]]
[[it:Ford Granada]]
[[nl:Ford Granada (Europa)]]
[[no:Ford Granada]]
[[pl:Ford Granada]]
[[fi:Ford Granada]]
[[sv:Ford Granada]]
[[tr:Ford Granada]]

Latest revision as of 05:01, 21 November 2024

Ford Granada
Ford Granada Ghia (Mk II)
Overview
ManufacturerFord Europe
ProductionCologne: 1972–1994
Dagenham: 1972–1976[1]
Body and chassis
ClassExecutive car (E)
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Chronology
PredecessorFord Zephyr & Zodiac
Ford 17M/20M/26M
Ford Taunus
SuccessorFord Scorpio
Hyundai Grandeur (South Korea)

The European Ford Granada is an executive car manufactured by Ford Europe from 1972 until 1994.

The first-generation model was produced from 1972 to 1976 at Ford’s German factory in Cologne and at its British factory in Dagenham. In 1976, production switched entirely to Germany. The original version was replaced in 1977 by a second-generation model which was produced until 1985. From 1985 to 1994, the Granada name was used, in the United Kingdom and Ireland only, for a third-generation model which was sold in other European markets as the Ford Scorpio and in North America as the Merkur Scorpio.

Mark I (1972–1977)

[edit]
Mark I
Overview
Also calledFord Consul
Production1972–1977
Assembly
Body and chassis
Body style2/4-door saloon
5-door estate
2-door coupé
Powertrain
Engine1.7 L V4 Europe
2.0 L I4
2.0 L V4 UK
2.0 L V6 Europe
2.3 L V6 Europe
2.5 L V6 UK/ZA
2.6 L V6 Europe
2.8 L V6 Europe
3.0 L V6 UK/ZA
5.0 L V8 ZA
Transmission4-speed manual all-synchromesh optional 3 speed auto
Dimensions
Wheelbase107 in (2,718 mm)[3]
Length180 in (4,572 mm)
Width70.5 in (1,791 mm)
Height53.9 in (1,369 mm)[4]
Curb weight1,190–1,430 kg (2,624–3,153 lb)

Launched in March 1972, the Granada succeeded the British Ford Zephyr, and the German P7-series as Ford's European executive car offering, and completed the integration of Ford's British and German model ranges.

At first, lower models in the range were called the Ford Consul. This may have been because of a lawsuit by Granada Group, a major British conglomerate of the time; however, their application for an injunction failed at appeal and they could not prevent Ford from registering the name Granada as a trademark[5] thus from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for taxi, fleet, and police use. It was also converted into limousine and hearse versions by the British companies Coleman Milne and Woodall Nicholson. Traditional four-door limousines were offered (both long and short versions) alongside an unusual four-door "coupé limousine" (of which only 12 examples were built),[6] as well as hearses in either two- or four-door configurations.[7]

Mechanically, the British Granada conformed to Ford convention, the initial range using the Ford Essex V4 unit in 2.0 L displacement, and the Essex V6 engine in 2.5 and 3.0 L capacities. German models employed a Ford Taunus V4 engine in 1.7 L displacement, or the 3.0L Essex V6, or, more commonly the Cologne V6 in 2.0, 2.3, or 2.6 L capacities. The V4 engine option was short lived - and was later replaced by the in-line "Pinto" (TL-series) unit in 1974. The car generally followed the mechanical layout of its predecessors Ford Zephyr/Zodiac, using a coil-spring independent rear end, although front MacPherson struts were replaced by double wishbones, introduced 18 months earlier in smaller TC Cortina and Taunus. However, the Granada – like Ford 17M/20M/26M – featured drum brakes at rear, as opposed to the Zephyr/Zodiac rear disc brakes.

The car was available as a four-door saloon, a five-door estate (Turnier), and a two-door fastback coupé. The early (1972–73) coupé had slightly different sheet metal - a more pronounced coke bottle styling. In 1974, the coupé was revised, with straighter lines. A two-door saloon joined the range in May 1973,[8] reducing the entry-level advertised German price of the car by 415 Marks, but the two-door saloon version was never produced nor officially sold in the UK. The revised “straight line rear wing” coupé was sold only in 3.0 Ghia trim in the UK, but elsewhere in Europe it was sold with other trims and all engines were available. This was the reverse of the situation with the TC Cortina and Taunus, where the British model had the "coke-bottle" styling. In continental Europe, the 1976-1977 Granadas were also available with the fuel-injected Cologne V6, producing 150 PS (110 kW).[9]

South Africa

In South Africa, the Granada Perana V8, built by Basil Green Motors, was available through Ford dealers with the 302 cu in (4.9 L) Windsor V8 engine, developing 255 PS (188 kW; 252 hp) and 405 N⋅m (299 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm.[10] Most Granadas in South Africa, however, were fitted with the 3.0 L six. The 2.5 L V6 was also offered, although this model was discontinued in 1975 as the six-cylinder Cortina increased in sales. The Granada was introduced to South Africa in late 1972 in 3000 GXL automatic trim, with other models (3000 XL, Coupé, 2500 L) to follow. The coupé was the last model planned, with a scheduled introduction for May 1973.[11] The Granada replaced both the Australian-made Falcon (sold as a "Fairmont" locally) and the 20M of German origins.[11]

Mark II (1977–1985)

[edit]
Mark II
Overview
Production1977–1985
Assembly
Body and chassis
Body style2-door saloon
4-door saloon
5-door estate
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission4/5-speed manual
3-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,769 mm (109.0 in)[16]
Length4,720 mm (186 in)[16] (Saloon)
4,824 mm (189.9 in)[19] (Estate/Turnier)
Width1,791 mm (70.5 in)[16]
Height1,416 mm (55.7 in)[16] (Saloon)
1,422 mm (56.0 in)[19] (Estate/Turnier)
Chronology
SuccessorFord Scorpio (outside UK)
Hyundai Grandeur (South Korea)

The square and straight-lined Granada Mark II – known internally within Ford as "Granada 78" – was released in August 1977 (for the 1978 model year) and was produced until April 1985, following a mild facelift and attention to drivetrain noise, vibration, and harshness in 1981. The Mark II was essentially a reskin of the 1972 car, with new external panelwork that brought the Granada into line with Ford's new design language initiated by stylist Uwe Bahnsen, taking styling cues also used on the recently launched Cortina/Taunus Mk IV and Mk I Fiesta. Much of the Mark I bodywork was retained, such as inner door pressings – the curved uptick at the rear doors now disguised with black paint behind the horizontal chrome trim strip on the saloon – and the estate version effectively grafted the Mk II nose to the Mk I body, retaining the same panels as the old car aft of the A pillars.[20] The engineering was very similar, the main differences being the "Cologne" V6 engine in 2.0, 2.3, and 2.8 L forms replacing the older "Essex" unit, and the introduction of features such as air conditioning and, for the top-priced 2.8-litre versions, fuel-injection. In mainland Europe, a 1.7 L V4 was originally available. By the time of its introduction, UK Granada production had been quietly abandoned "for some time"; UK market Granada IIs were imported from Germany.[21] Internally within Ford, the "Cologne" 1.7, 2.0, 2.3, and 2.8 units were the last derivatives of the 'V-Taunus' range of engines. UK and Irish spec 2.0 Granadas used the 4-cylinder ""Pinto" (or TL-series) engine, as did continental market 1.6 versions - this smaller capacity was deemed too small for the British and Irish markets and was therefore not offered.

The coupé was discontinued when the new model began production, although there was a two-door saloon version in certain European markets. A relatively low number of vehicles were also produced with an Indenor four-cylinder diesel engine in 1.9-, 2.1-, and 2.5-litre capacities.[22] As their own, commercial diesel engine production lines had no extra capacity, Ford signed a contract with Peugeot to buy their 1.9 and 2.1-litre XD engines. Soon after the arrangement was complete, Peugeot announced their new, more powerful 2.3-litre iteration, which was not made available to Ford.[23] The smallest 1.9 was quite underpowered and was soon supplanted by the somewhat more powerful 2.1, which was presented as the "Granada GLD" in March 1979 at Geneva.[24] By 1982, this was replaced by the more capable 2.5.[22] Originally only available as four-door saloons (the later 2.5 also as an estate), most of these went to taxi operators, and few survive.

Fuel-injected 2.8 models were originally rated at 160bhp and offered with a unique 'S' pack (based on L trim but with updated suspension, TRX wheels and tyres and spotlights) or with normal GL or Ghia trim. In 1979, the “iS” and “iGL” were replaced by the 2.8i GLS. A limited edition “Sapphire” model was also announced with slightly different trim and two tone blue over silver paintwork (strangely, the rocker panels were painted in body colour rather than matt black which made the side profile of the car look deeper and less sleek). Today early injection models are particularly rare. The 2.8i S model was immortalised by the silver vehicle used in the TV series The Sweeney. Changes for 1980 were limited to new colours and new, more comfortable seats.[25]

The Granada was a strong seller in the UK, peaking in 1979 as the seventh best selling car with more than 50,000 sales, and also appearing in the top 10 for sales figures in 1978 and 1982. It remained the best selling car in this sector in Britain throughout its whole production run, despite competition from the likes of the Leyland Princess, Rover SD1 and Vauxhall Carlton.

Due to import restrictions, Ford was only selling the Fiesta in Spain (as it was manufactured there) in the 1970s. In 1979, Ford received authorization to sell the Granada and Taunus as well, but competing manufacturers accused Ford of selling below cost to lower tariffs.[26] Import authorization for the Granada (as well as the Taunus) was briefly suspended but eventually reinstated with the proviso that Ford raise the sales price by fifteen percent.[27]

Ford Australia's 1979–1982 XD series Falcon bears a strong visual resemblance to the Granada Mark II, however the only parts common to both cars are the headlamps;[28] the Falcon being a larger car with a significantly longer wheelbase and US-derived engines and chassis architecture. In the mid-1970s, Ford Australia President Brian Inglis had taken particular interest in the development of the forthcoming Granada, and in 1976 arranged for a key member of Ford of Europe's design team, Trevor Creed, to produce a Falcon clay that reflected its design. However, by the time it reached production, the Falcon also incorporated design elements from the 1979 Ford Mustang, including a lower belt line with larger windows and a more steeply-sloped bonnet, and featured lightweight plastic bumpers.[29] The 1981 facelift of the Granada introduced a further visual similarity, with the restyled taillamps of the saloon being of similar design to those of the XD Falcon.

Facelift

[edit]

The range had a facelift in September 1981 with larger wrap-around bumpers, a three-bar body coloured grille, revised dashboard, restyled taillights, and redesigned seats which improved driver and passenger comfort.[30] The two-door saloon was discontinued. There were also a number of detail improvements under the shell; the gearbox, clutch, and brakes were revised, the semi-trailing arm rear suspension geometry was altered, and variable rate rear springs became standard across the range.[30] In Continental Europe the 1.7-litre V4 engine at the bottom of the lineup was replaced by the more modern, but still overworked, 1.6-litre Pinto engine. The British lineup still began with the 2-litre four. The interior remained largely the same, apart from detail changes such as new trim materials and steering wheels - the dashboard layout was altered with the heater controls now oriented vertically next to the instrument cluster to make space for the optional trip computer, and higher models in the range now featured the electronic check-light system first seen on the Escort Mk III housed within an aircraft style overhead console above the rear view mirror.

In most of Europe an even sportier looking Granada was added to the range as the Granada 2.8 Injection which had white metric-sized alloy wheels with Michelin TRX tyres, uprated suspension, Recaro seats, deep front valance and bootlid spoilers, colour coded bumpers, front spotlights and blackened trim. This model used the same 2.8 injected engine, now slightly down rated at 150 bhp (112 kW), which was usually seen in the Ghia models. Towards the end of its production run, the introduction of the 2.0 and 2.3 LX saloon and estate UK marketing packs provided lower cost versions with a slightly higher specification than the "base" L models. GL trim was also offered briefly on vehicles with 2.0 engines and Ghia trim was offered on a diesel engine model with the introduction of the 2.5 D Ghia.

A special Ford of Britain-only marketing pack edition of the Ghia X model was later introduced as the "Ford Granada Ghia X Executive" which standardised luxury appointments such as the high-grade Connolly Leather interior that had previously been an optional fitment. Further refinements such an electric slide and tilt sunroof, electric boot release on saloons, electric seat adjustment, heated seats, a trip computer, and air conditioning set the Granada Ghia X above most other cost-comparable executive cars available in the UK in the early '80s. The special "Taxi" edition was available only in black, which included a foot-operated "panic button" in the driver's footwell which would operate the alarm system. In addition to these two models, the range was complemented by estate models which reflected the same appointment levels as the entire saloon range, including the Ghia X, but not the Ghia X Executive model.

Special models

[edit]

Ford subcontracted assembly to Hyundai Motor Company in South Korea for sales in that market, where it continued to be sold from October 1978 to 1986, when it gave way to the Hyundai Grandeur. Production continued from stockpiled kits until December 1985, after 4,743 had been built.[31] The car originally received a 2.0-litre V6 engine with a two-barrel Solex carburetor and four-speed manual transmission, but after the 1980 oil crisis had slowed down sales, the more economical 2-litre four-cylinder was also made available.[32] The Granada competed with the Saehan Rekord (Royale), as well as the Peugeot 604, imported by Kia Motors. Taxes were very high on imported cars, with the Granada (and 604) landing in an even higher tax bracket for cars with wheelbases of over 2.7 metres (8 ft 10 in). Chung Mong-pil [ko], the eldest son of Hyundai's founder Chung Ju-yung, died in a car accident in a Granada.[31]

Additionally, hearses were offered by outside conversion companies, as well as a series of four-door limousines built by Coleman Milne.[33] These included the slightly stretched "Minster" 15 cm, and the 68 cm longer "Dorchester" and better equipped "Grosvenor". As of autumn 1982, the Dorchester was also available in an estate version with elongated rear doors, called the "Windsor".[34]

Mark III (1985–1994)

[edit]
Ford Scorpio: The Scorpio was branded as a third generation "Ford Granada" for "British Isles" markets

In April 1985, the third-generation car arrived, which was essentially a rebadged Ford Scorpio, the Granada name being used in both Ireland and the United Kingdom only, with the Scorpio badge (which covered the whole range in Continental Europe) being used instead as a trim designation for the top of the range models. The Mark III Granada was the first European volume production model to have antilock brakes fitted as standard across the range. It was voted European Car of the Year in 1986.

Engine options included the familiar SOHC Pinto engine, in either tax-barrier undercutting 1.8 L form, or a more powerful 2-litre version with fuel injection available. The Cologne V6 engines were carried over from the previous range in short-lived (and not much more powerful than the 2 L Pinto) 2.4 L, and 2.8 L (later 2.9 L) capacities. In 1991, a new range-topping vehicle was introduced, the Scorpio 24-valve. It featured a 2.9 L Cologne engine that had been extensively reworked by Cosworth Engineering and featured quad camshafts and 24 valves, enough for 200 bhp (150 kW). According to Ford, this gave a 0-60 mph time of 8.1 seconds and top speed of 140 mph (230 km/h).

This version of the Granada continued the "Ford family" styling concept from the previous versions; this time, the car superficially resembled a larger version of the Cortina's successor, the Ford Sierra. It had followed the precedent set by both the Sierra and the Escort Mk III in changing from the angular saloon styling of their predecessors to an advanced aerodynamic hatchback body style.

The Ford Granada Mk III was the last car to bear the Granada badge in the UK and Ireland, being replaced in 1994 with the pan-European Scorpio. The Scorpio shared its platform doors and roof with the Mk III Granada. The styling of the nose and tail sections were updated to match the ovoid designs being used across the Ford range in the 1990s. On the Scorpio, this resulted in a controversial design. After a 1998 redesign, it was taken out of production the same year with total European sales being 95,587 units.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ By 1977 the cars, still badged as Granadas were assembled only in Germany. After 1985 cars were badged as Granadas for the UK and as Scorpios in mainland Europe: they were still produced only in Germany.
  2. ^ a b "Facilities". Ford Motor Company Newsroom. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
  3. ^ Culshaw; Horrobin (1974). Complete Catalogue of British Cars. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-16689-2.
  4. ^ "New BIG Fords". Autocar. 136. Vol. 3960. 9 March 1972. pp. 6–11.
  5. ^ "Granada Group Ltd v Ford Motor Company Ltd". Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases. 90 (3). 5 April 1973. doi:10.1093/rpc/90.3.49.
  6. ^ Geoghegan, Simon. "Coleman-Milne Granada Limousines". Simon Cars. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024.
  7. ^ Auto Katalog 1978. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1977. p. 67.
  8. ^ "Neue Basis: Ford Consul 1700 als Zweiturer". Auto Motor u. Sport. Heft. Vol. 10. 16 May 1973.
  9. ^ World Cars 1977. Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books. 1977. p. 117. ISBN 0-910714-09-6.
  10. ^ "Granada Perana". Archived from the original on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  11. ^ a b Wright, Cedric, ed. (December 1972). "Ford Granada 2500 and 3000 range". CAR. Vol. 16, no. 11. Cape Town, South Africa: Ramsay, Son & Parker (Pty) Ltd. p. 14.
  12. ^ "Facilities | Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009.
  13. ^ a b c World Cars 1982. Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books. 1982. pp. 115–116. ISBN 0-910714-14-2.
  14. ^ Auto Katalog 1978. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1977. pp. 27–28, 180–181.
  15. ^ a b Daniels, Jeffrey (3 September 1977). "Ford Granada: Ford play safe with no major chassis changes in Granada's replacement". Autocar. Vol. 147, no. 4217. pp. 22–28.
  16. ^ a b c d e Leyrer, Goetz (21 December 1977). "Vergleichstest: Neu Mitte .... Ford Granada L 2.3" [Comparison test: The New Middle...Ford Granada L 2.3]. Auto, Motor und Sport (in German). No. 26. pp. 32–47.
  17. ^ Mazzocchi, Gianni, ed. (March 1979). "Il mercato dell'automobile - Prezzi vetture straniere nuove" [The Car Market: New Import Car Prices]. Quattroruote (in Italian). 24 (280). Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus: 203.
  18. ^ Auto Katalog 1983. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1982. pp. 34, 204–205.
  19. ^ a b "Raumpflege" [Space concern]. Auto, Motor und Sport (in German). No. 7. 29 March 1978. p. 100.
  20. ^ O'Callaghan, Daniel (15 April 2021). "Under the Knife – Taking Care of the Pennies". Driven To Write.
  21. ^ "Lots new at show of the year". Autocar. 17 September 1977. pp. 22–24.
  22. ^ a b Mazzocchi, Gianni, ed. (April 1984). "Estere usate" [Used Imports]. Quattroruote (in Italian). 29 (342). Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus: 268.
  23. ^ Hutton, Ray, ed. (30 September 1978). "Ford Granada 2.1 Diesel: A commercial proposition". Autocar. Vol. 149, no. 4273. p. 39.
  24. ^ Mazzocchi, Gianni, ed. (March 1979). "Due nuove Ford "Granada"" [Two New Ford Granadas]. Quattroruote (in Italian). 24 (280). Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus: 71.
  25. ^ Rombauts, Walter, ed. (15 September 1979). "Nieuw 1980" [1980 News]. Keesings Auto Magazine (in Flemish). Vol. 2, no. 17. Antwerp, Belgium. p. 7.
  26. ^ Lewin, Ignacio (19 January 1980). "Posible caso de "dumping" en Ford España en el modelo "Granada"". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  27. ^ Lewin, Ignacio (31 May 1980). "Inminente solución a las importaciones de Ford Taunus y Granada". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  28. ^ O'Carroll, Damien (12 October 2016). "Five fascinating Ford Falcon facts". Stuff.
  29. ^ Kenwright, Joe (3 March 2014). "1979-82 Ford XD Falcon: Was Ford Robbed?". Shannons.
  30. ^ a b Hutton, Ray, ed. (5 June 1982). "Ford Granada 2.3L Estate: Cavernous and smooth". Autocar. Vol. 156, no. 4459. IPC Business Press Ltd. p. 29.
  31. ^ a b Lee, Ho-jeong (30 November 2009). "Blast From the Past #10: Long before the gallop of Equus, Granada was Korea's luxury car". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014.
  32. ^ Kim, Dong-Gyun (31 May 2013). "[추억의 올드카] 응답하라 1978, 현대 그라나다" [Nostalgic old car, entry 1978, Hyundai Granada]. Mega Auto (in Korean). Daum Kakao Corp. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
  33. ^ Costa, André; Fraichard, Georges-Michel, eds. (1 September 1982). "Salon 1983: Toutes les Voitures du Monde". L'Auto Journal (in French) (14–15). Paris: 210.
  34. ^ Auto Katalog 1984. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1983. pp. 84, 216–217.
[edit]