Cannanore Portuguese Creole: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Critically endangered creole language of India}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date = February 2019}} |
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{{Infobox language |
{{Infobox language |
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|name = |
|name = Kannur Indo-Portuguese |
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|nativename = |
|nativename = |
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|states = [[India]] |
|states = [[India]] |
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|region = [[ |
|region = [[Kannur]] |
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|speakers = |
|speakers = 20 or more dispersed around India and the world) |
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|date = 2010 |
|date = 2010 |
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|ref = <ref name="OM" /> |
|ref = <ref name="OM" /> |
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|fam2 = [[Indo-Portuguese Creoles]] |
|fam2 = [[Indo-Portuguese Creoles]] |
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|isoexception=dialect |
|isoexception=dialect |
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|glotto=none |
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|lingua= |
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}} |
}} |
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''' |
'''Kannur Indo-Portuguese''' is an [[Indo-Portuguese creole]] spoken on the [[Malabar coast]] of India. It formed from contact between the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Malayalam]] languages in Indo-Portuguese households in the city of [[Kannur]]. In 2010 it was estimated to have five native speakers remaining. <ref name="OM">Hugo Cardoso, [http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/art-culture/the-death-of-an-indian-born-language "The Death of an Indian-born Language"], ''Open Magazine,'' October 30, 2010.</ref> But there are around twenty or more who are dispersed in India and other parts of the world. The latest reference points out 8 known speakers in 2012, who were already in their sixties <ref name="CC">J. Clancy Clements, [https://benjamins.com/catalog/cll.46.02cle?srsltid=AfmBOorCyx_ohZBYFkISM3GcmAzSPNjGTxVe_god1N0p03nzkHdkY3-y], ''Notes on the phonology and lexicon of some Indo-Portuguese creoles,'' 2012.</ref>. |
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== Socio-historical background == |
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The presence of Portuguese were strong in Cannanore during 1500's. [[Lourenço de Almeida]], son of the Viceroy [[Francisco de Almeida]] was the leader of a Portuguese fleet. His fleet encountered the Indian fleet lead by [[Zamorin]] in the [[Battle of Cannanore]]. |
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The Portuguese rule in Southern India was brief. The first major settlement in Kannur was |
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established in 1505, near a fort, as elsewhere in India. The direct Portuguese political and |
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cultural influence ended in 1663 when the Dutch took the fort <ref name="CC">J. Clancy Clements, [https://benjamins.com/catalog/cll.46.02cle?srsltid=AfmBOorCyx_ohZBYFkISM3GcmAzSPNjGTxVe_god1N0p03nzkHdkY3-y], ''Notes on the phonology and lexicon of some Indo-Portuguese creoles,'' 2012.</ref>. Finally, |
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this location fell under British hands in 1792, which kept the power until the second half |
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of the 20th century. |
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The creole-speaking community in Kannur has always been relatively small. According to |
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Baldaeus (1703)<ref>https://archive.org/details/tr |
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ueexactdescrip00bald/page/n13/mode/2up</ref>, by the time of the Dutch conquest, the fort could accommodate about |
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250 men and in the village there were about 70 Christian families, either Eurasian or |
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native. Moreover, in the 16th century, Malayalam was (and still is) the dominant language |
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in the region. Thus, the creole speakers are at least bilingual <ref>Cardoso, Hugo. 2019. The Indo-Portuguese creoles of the Malabar: Historical cues and |
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questions. In Pius Malekandathil, Lotika Varadarajan & Amar Farooqi (eds.), India, |
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the Portuguese, and maritime interactions: Religion, language and cultural expression, |
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vol. 2, 345–373. Delhi: Primus Books.</ref>. |
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Kannur and Sri Lanka creole share a similar historical background but differ in the substrate |
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language, the community size, and the territorial size. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles]] |
[[Category:Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles]] |
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[[Category:Portuguese diaspora in Asia]] |
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[[Category:Portuguese language in Asia]] |
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{{Pidgincreole-lang-stub}} |
{{Pidgincreole-lang-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 09:48, 21 November 2024
| Kannur Indo-Portuguese | |
|---|---|
| Native to | India |
| Region | Kannur |
Native speakers | 20 or more dispersed around India and the world) (2010)[1] |
Portuguese Creole
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Kannur Indo-Portuguese is an Indo-Portuguese creole spoken on the Malabar coast of India. It formed from contact between the Portuguese and Malayalam languages in Indo-Portuguese households in the city of Kannur. In 2010 it was estimated to have five native speakers remaining. [1] But there are around twenty or more who are dispersed in India and other parts of the world. The latest reference points out 8 known speakers in 2012, who were already in their sixties [2].
Socio-historical background
[edit]The Portuguese rule in Southern India was brief. The first major settlement in Kannur was established in 1505, near a fort, as elsewhere in India. The direct Portuguese political and cultural influence ended in 1663 when the Dutch took the fort [2]. Finally, this location fell under British hands in 1792, which kept the power until the second half of the 20th century. The creole-speaking community in Kannur has always been relatively small. According to Baldaeus (1703)[3], by the time of the Dutch conquest, the fort could accommodate about 250 men and in the village there were about 70 Christian families, either Eurasian or native. Moreover, in the 16th century, Malayalam was (and still is) the dominant language in the region. Thus, the creole speakers are at least bilingual [4].
Kannur and Sri Lanka creole share a similar historical background but differ in the substrate language, the community size, and the territorial size.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Hugo Cardoso, "The Death of an Indian-born Language", Open Magazine, October 30, 2010.
- ^ a b J. Clancy Clements, [1], Notes on the phonology and lexicon of some Indo-Portuguese creoles, 2012.
- ^ https://archive.org/details/tr ueexactdescrip00bald/page/n13/mode/2up
- ^ Cardoso, Hugo. 2019. The Indo-Portuguese creoles of the Malabar: Historical cues and questions. In Pius Malekandathil, Lotika Varadarajan & Amar Farooqi (eds.), India, the Portuguese, and maritime interactions: Religion, language and cultural expression, vol. 2, 345–373. Delhi: Primus Books.