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The flag of India

The Emblem of India

An enlargeable map of the cities of India

The following outline is provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, India:

The seventh-largest country by area, India is located on the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. India was home to the ancient Indus Valley civilisation, and is the birthplace of four world religions: Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism. India endured colonisation, eventually being administered by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence led by influential figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Subash Chandra Bose and underwent a violent partition. India (as of April 2023) is the most populous country with over 1.4 billion people, and is also the most populous democracy in the world.

General reference

Pronunciation: /ˈɪndiə/
Common English country name: India
Official English country name: The Republic of India
Common endonym(s): Bharat, Hindustan
Official endonym(s): Bharat Ganarajya
Adjectival(s): Indian
Demonym(s): Indian
Etymology: Names of India
International rankings of India
ISO country codes: IN, IND, 356
ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IN
Internet country code top-level domain: .in

Geography of India

India is:
- a subcontinent
- a country
  - a megadiverse country
Area of India: 3,287,263 km² (1,269,219 sq mi) – 7th largest country
Location:
Land boundaries: 14,103 km

Bangladesh 4,053 km

China 3,380 km including the territorial disputes along its border; McMahon Line

Pakistan including the Line of Control 2,912 km

Nepal 1,690 km

Myanmar 1,463 km

Bhutan 605 km

Afghanistan 106 km

Coastline: 7,000 km

Indian Ocean

Arabian Sea

Bay of Bengal

Physical divisions of India

The northern mountains including the Himalayas, which includes the Karakoram ranges and the northeast mountain ranges.
Indo-Gangetic plains
Thar Desert
Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau
Eastern coastal plains
Western coastal plains
Bordering seas and islands

Geographic features of India

- High: Kangchenjunga 8,586 m (28,169 ft) – third highest peak on Earth
- Low: Kuttanad −2.2 m (−7 ft)
Population of India: 1,210,193,422 people (2011 census) – 2nd most populous country
- Census of India
Atlas of India

Environment of India

Administrative divisions of India

Administrative divisional structure of India

Structure of administrative divisions in India

Blocks
(Tehsils/Talukas/Mandals)

Municipal Corporations
(MahanagarPalika/ NagarNigam)

Municipalities
(Nagar-Palika)

City Councils
(Nagar-Panchayat)

Villages
(Gram/Gaon)

Wards

States and union territories of India

**Map legend:**
**States** (1–28) & **Union territories** (A-H)
1. Andhra Pradesh	13. Madhya Pradesh	25. Tripura
2. Arunachal Pradesh	14. Maharashtra	26. Uttar Pradesh
3. Assam	15. Manipur	27. Uttarakhand
4. Bihar	16. Meghalaya	28. West Bengal
5. Chhattisgarh	17. Mizoram	A. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
6. Goa	18. Nagaland	B. Chandigarh
7. Gujarat	19. Odisha	C. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
8. Haryana	20. Punjab	D. Jammu and Kashmir
9. Himachal Pradesh	21. Rajasthan	E. Ladakh
10. Jharkhand	22. Sikkim	F. Lakshadweep
11. Karnataka	23. Tamil Nadu	G. Delhi
12. Kerala	24.Telangana	H. Puducherry

States and union territories of India

Autonomous regions of India
Emblems of Indian states
States and union territories of India
- By name
  - States by name
    - Andhra Pradesh (outline)
    - Arunachal Pradesh (outline)
    - Assam (outline)
    - Bihar (outline)
    - Chhattisgarh (outline)
    - Goa (outline)
    - Gujarat (outline)
    - Haryana (outline)
    - Himachal Pradesh (outline)
    - Jharkhand (outline)
    - Karnataka (outline)
    - Kerala (outline)
    - Madhya Pradesh (outline)
    - Maharashtra (outline)
    - Manipur (outline)
    - Meghalaya (outline)
    - Mizoram (outline)
    - Nagaland (outline)
    - Odisha (outline)
    - Punjab (outline)
    - Rajasthan (outline)
    - Sikkim (outline)
    - Tamil Nadu (outline)
    - Telangana (outline)
    - Tripura (outline)
    - Uttar Pradesh (outline)
    - Uttarakhand (outline)
    - West Bengal (outline)
  - Union territories by name
- By rank
  - By economic rank
  - By various rankings
- By population
- By population density
- By size
- By state code
State and territory capitals

Divisions of India

Municipalities of India

Municipalities of India

Cities in India
- National Capital of India: New Delhi
- Financial Capital of India: Mumbai
- Cultural Capital of India: Kolkata
- Manchester of India: Ahmedabad
- City of Diamond: Surat
- Detroit of Asia: Chennai
- Milk city of India: Anand
- Silicon Valley of India: Bangalore
- Ceramic Capital of India: Morbi
- City of Nawabs: Lucknow
- Pink City of India: Jaipur
- Big cities in North East India
- List of city and town nicknames in India
- Million-plus cities in India
- Most populous cities in India

Geography of states and territories

Demography of India

Demographics of India

Demographics of states and territories

Government and politics of India

Form of government: Sovereign socialist secular federal parliamentary multi-party representative democratic republic.
- Sovereign – this means an independent nation.
- Socialist – this implies social and economic equality for all Indian citizens. This guarantees equal opportunity and equal social status. The government attempts to reduce economic inequality by reducing concentration of wealth.
- Secular – practices separation of religion and state. This implies freedom to choose one's religion. The state gives every citizen the right to practice and propagate a religion of his choice, and also right to reject all religions. The state treats all religions as equal and there is no official state religion.
- Democratic – this means the government is democratically elected, and the head of the government (prime minister) is elected by the people.
- Republic – this means the head of the state (president) is not a hereditary monarch but indirectly elected by the people.^[1]
Capital of India: New Delhi
Elections in India
- 1951 | 1957 | 1962 | 1967 | 1971 | 1977 | 1980 | 1984 | 1989 | 1991 | 1996 | 1998 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 | 2024
Political parties in India
Political scandals in India
Taxation in India

Socio-economic issues in India

Religious violence in India

Branches of the government of India

Executive of the government of India

Head of state: President of India
Vice-President of India
The Cabinet
Head of government: Prime Minister of India
Head of the civil services: Cabinet Secretary of India

Legislature of the government of India

Parliament of India
- Rajya Sabha (Council of States) – upper house of the parliament (Vice-President of India serves as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha)
- Lok Sabha (House of the People) – lower house of the parliament (Speaker)

Judiciary of the government of India

Foreign relations of India

International organisation membership

The Republic of India is a member of:^[2]

African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (nonregional member)
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (dialogue partner)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF)
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
Colombo Plan (CP)
Commonwealth of Nations
East Asia Summit (EAS)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (observer)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Group of 15 (G15)
Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20)
Group of 24 (G24)
Group of 77 (G77)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
League of Arab States (LAS) (observer)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (partner)
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) (observer)
South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
United Nations (UN)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)

Law and order in India

National law enforcement agencies

Ministry of Home Affairs (Minister of Home Affairs • Home Secretary)

All India Service for policing – Indian Police Service

State police forces

Armed forces of India

Government of states

Politics by states and territories

Legislative Assembly elections by states

History of India

History of India by period

Prehistoric India
- Riwatian people (1,900,000 BC)
- Soanian people (500,000 BC)
- South Asian Stone Age (70,000–3300 BCE)
Ancient India (outline)
- Ancient Indian cities
- Indus Valley civilization (3300–1700 BCE)
- Late Harappan culture (1700–1300 BCE)
- Vedic period (1700–500 BCE)
- Iron Age (1200–300 BCE)
  - Mahajanapadas (700–300 BCE)
  - Magadha Empire
    - Haryanka dynasty (684–413 BCE)
    - Shishunaga dynasty (413–345 BCE)
    - Nanda dynasty (424–321 BCE)
  - Maurya Empire (322- 185 BCE)
- Middle kingdoms of India (250 BCE–1279 CE)
  - Chola Empire (250 BCE–1070 CE)
  - Satavahana (230 BCE–220 CE)
  - Shunga Empire (185–75 BCE)
  - Kushan Empire (60–240 CE)
  - Gupta Empire (280–550 CE)
  - Pala Empire (750–1174 CE)
  - Rashtrakuta (753–982 CE)
Islamic empires in India (1206–1596)
- Delhi Sultanate (1206–1596)
- Deccan Sultanates(1490–1596)
Hoysala Empire (1040–1346)
Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826)
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)
Mughal Empire (1526–1858)
Maratha Empire (1674–1818)
Colonial India (1858–1947)
- Company rule in India (1757–1858)
- British Raj
- Princely states
Indian independence movement
- Quit India Movement
- Partition of India (1947)
History of Republic of India (1947–present)

History of India by region

History of India by subject

Culture of India

Cuisine of India

Cuisine by regions

The arts in India

Architecture of India

Cinema of India

Amitabh Bachchan is one of the most dominant actors in the Indian movie industry.

Film Awards

Cinema by region

Music of India

Music by states and territories

Literature of India

Literature by language

Languages in India

Sports in India

Major Sports Leagues

Hockey India League (Hockey)
Indian Premier League (Cricket)
I-League (Football)
Indian Super League (Football)
Indian Badminton League (IBL) (Badminton)
Pro Kabaddi (Kabaddi)
Ultimate Table Tennis (Table Tennis
Ultimate Kho Kho (Kho-Kho)

Culture by region

By directional region

Economy and infrastructure of India

Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2011): 9th (twelfth)

Economy & infrastructure of states

Education in India

Education in states

Tourism in India

Tourist attractions

Tourism in states

List of tourism in different states of India

Shikkaras at Dal lake, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Khajuraho Temple, Madhya Pradesh, India
Beach of Goa, India
Gangotri Glacier, Uttarakhand, India
A Tea Garden of Cachar, Assam, India
Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India
Kumbh Mela Sangam, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Akshardham Temple, Delhi, India
India Gate, New Delhi
Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ladakh is a popular mountaineering site for climbers and trekkers.
The White Rann of Kutch, Gujarat
Thar Desert, Rajasthan

References

^ "India Government, Indian Democracy | India Quick Facts". Retrieved 13 March 2020.
^ "India". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of India

India travel guide from Wikivoyage

Government

Official entry portal of the Government of India
Official directory of Indian Government websites

General reference

India. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
Encyclopædia Britannica entry on India
BBC country profile of India
Library of Congress Country Studies entry on India

Other

Incredible India – The Official Tourism Website of Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
India 4You – Directory of popular Indian websites.

[1] "India Government, Indian Democracy | India Quick Facts". Retrieved 13 March 2020.

[CIA_World_Factbook-2] "India". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 355: / Line 355: @@
 # [[Geography of Nagaland]]
 # [[Geography of Odisha]]
-# [[Geography of Puducherry|Geography of Puducherry]]
+# [[Geography of Puducherry]]
 # [[Geography of Punjab (India)|Geography of Punjab]]
 # [[Geography of Rajasthan]]
 # [[Geography of Sikkim]]
 # [[Geography of Tamil Nadu]]
-# [[Geography of Telangana|Geography of Telangana]]
+# [[Geography of Telangana]]
 # [[Geography of Tripura]]
 # [[Geography of Uttar Pradesh]]
@@ Line 425: / Line 425: @@
 * [[Capital (political)|Capital]] of India: [[New Delhi]]
 * [[Elections in India]]
-**[[1951 Indian general election|1951]] {{!}} [[1957 Indian general election|1957]] {{!}} [[1962 Indian general election|1962]] {{!}} [[1967 Indian general election|1967]] {{!}} [[1971 Indian general election|1971]] {{!}} [[1977 Indian general election|1977]] {{!}} [[1980 Indian general election|1980]] {{!}} [[1984 Indian general election|1984]] {{!}} [[1989 Indian general election|1989]] {{!}} [[1991 Indian general election|1991]] {{!}} [[1996 Indian general election|1996]] {{!}} [[1998 Indian general election|1998]] {{!}} [[1999 Indian general election|1999]] {{!}} [[2004 Indian general election|2004]] {{!}} [[2009 Indian general election|2009]] {{!}} [[2014 Indian general election|2014]] | [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
+**[[1951 Indian general election|1951]] {{!}} [[1957 Indian general election|1957]] {{!}} [[1962 Indian general election|1962]] {{!}} [[1967 Indian general election|1967]] {{!}} [[1971 Indian general election|1971]] {{!}} [[1977 Indian general election|1977]] {{!}} [[1980 Indian general election|1980]] {{!}} [[1984 Indian general election|1984]] {{!}} [[1989 Indian general election|1989]] {{!}} [[1991 Indian general election|1991]] {{!}} [[1996 Indian general election|1996]] {{!}} [[1998 Indian general election|1998]] {{!}} [[1999 Indian general election|1999]] {{!}} [[2004 Indian general election|2004]] {{!}} [[2009 Indian general election|2009]] {{!}} [[2014 Indian general election|2014]] | [[2019 Indian general election|2019]] | [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
 * [[List of political parties in India|Political parties in India]]
 **[[Aam Aadmi Party]] [[File:Aam Aadmi Party logo.svg|25px]]
@@ Line 442: / Line 442: @@
 ** [[Samajwadi Party]]
 ** [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] {{flagicon image|}}
-** [[Shivsena]] [[File:Logo of Shiv Sena.svg|25px]]
+** [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]] [[File:Logo of Shiv Sena.svg|25px]]
 ** [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] {{flagicon image|RJD Flag.svg}}
 ** [[Telugu Desam Party]] {{flagicon image|TDPFlag.PNG}}
@@ Line 774: / Line 774: @@
 # [[Politics of West Bengal]]
 # [[Politics of Andaman and Nicobar]]
+}}
-}}
 ===Legislative Assembly elections by states===
 {{div col|colwidth=22em}}
@@ Line 826: / Line 827: @@
 ** [[Iron Age India|Iron Age]] (1200–300 BCE)
 *** [[Mahajanapadas]] (700–300 BCE)
-*** [[Magadha|Magadha Empire]]
+*** [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha Empire]]
 **** [[Haryanka dynasty]] (684–413 BCE)
 **** [[Shishunaga dynasty]] (413–345 BCE)
@@ Line 865: / Line 866: @@
 # [[History of Chandigarh]]
 # [[History of Chhattisgarh]]
-# [[History of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and  Daman and Diu]]
+# [[History of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
 # [[History of Delhi]]
 # [[History of Goa]]
@@ Line 875: / Line 876: @@
 # [[History of Karnataka]]
 # [[History of Kerala]]
-# [[History of Ladakh]]                # [[History of Lakshadweep]]
+# [[History of Ladakh]]
+# [[History of Lakshadweep]]
 # [[History of Madhya Pradesh]]
 # [[History of Maharashtra]]
@@ Line 1,147: / Line 1,149: @@
 # [[Music of Kerala]]
 # [[Music of Ladakh]]
-# [[Music of Lakshadweep]]
+# Music of Lakshadweep
 # [[Music of Madhya Pradesh]]
 # [[Music of Maharashtra]]
@@ Line 1,288: / Line 1,290: @@
 # [[Culture of Chandigarh]]
 # [[Culture of Chhattisgarh]]
-# [[Culture of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and  Daman and Diu]]
+# [[Culture of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
 # [[Culture of Delhi]]
 # [[Culture of Goa]]
@@ Line 1,575: / Line 1,577: @@
 == See also ==
-;{{big|{{flag|India}}}}
 * [[List of international rankings]]
 * [[Member state of the Commonwealth of Nations]]
@@ Line 1,632: / Line 1,632: @@
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708162202/http://www.incredibleindia.org/ Incredible India] – The Official Tourism Website of Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
 * [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]
-* {{curlie|Regional/Asia/India/|India}}
 * [http://india.4you.com/ India 4You] – Directory of popular Indian websites.
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