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{{Short description|None}}
{{Short description|List of some black holes}}
{{Dynamic list}}
{{Dynamic list}}


This '''list of [[Black hole|black holes]]''' (and [[Star|stars]] considered probable candidates) is organized by mass (including [[black hole]]s of undetermined mass); some items in this list are [[Galaxy|galaxies]] or [[Star cluster|star clusters]] that are believed to be organized around a [[black hole]]. [[Messier object|Messier]] and [[New General Catalogue]] designations are given where possible.
This '''list of [[black hole]]s''' (and [[star]]s considered probable candidates) is organized by mass (including black holes of undetermined mass); some items in this list are [[Galaxy|galaxies]] or [[star cluster]]s that are believed to be organized around a black hole. [[Messier object|Messier]] and [[New General Catalogue]] designations are given where possible.


==Supermassive black holes and candidates==
==Supermassive black holes and candidates==
{{see also|List of most massive black holes|List of quasars}}
{{see also|List of most massive black holes|List of quasars}}
* [[1ES 2344+514]]
* [[1ES 2344+514]]
* [[TON 618]] (this [[quasar]] has possibly the biggest [[black hole]] ever found, estimated at 66 billion solar masses)<ref name="shem">{{cite journal|last1=Shemmer|first1=O.|last2=Netzer|first2=H.|last3=Maiolino|first3=R.|last4=Oliva|first4=E.|last5=Croom|first5=S.|last6=Corbett|first6=E.|last7=di Fabrizio|first7=L.|title=Near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift active galactic nuclei: I. A metallicity-accretion rate relationship|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=2004|volume=614|issue=2|pages=547–557|arxiv=astro-ph/0406559|bibcode=2004ApJ...614..547S|doi=10.1086/423607|s2cid=119010341}}</ref>
* [[Ton 618]] (this [[quasar]] has possibly the biggest black hole ever found, estimated at 66 billion solar masses)<ref name="shem">{{cite journal|last1=Shemmer|first1=O.|last2=Netzer|first2=H.|last3=Maiolino|first3=R.|last4=Oliva|first4=E.|last5=Croom|first5=S.|last6=Corbett|first6=E.|last7=di Fabrizio|first7=L.|title=Near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift active galactic nuclei: I. A metallicity-accretion rate relationship|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=2004|volume=614|issue=2|pages=547–557|arxiv=astro-ph/0406559|bibcode=2004ApJ...614..547S|doi=10.1086/423607|s2cid=119010341}}</ref>
* [[3C 371]]
* [[3C 371]]
* [[4C +37.11]] (this [[radio galaxy]] is believed to have binary [[Supermassive black hole|supermassive black holes]])<ref name=Klesman>{{cite web
* [[4C +37.11]] (this [[radio galaxy]] is believed to have binary [[supermassive black hole]]s)<ref name=Klesman>{{cite web
| url =http://www.astronomy.com/news/2017/06/orbiting-smbhs
| url =http://www.astronomy.com/news/2017/06/orbiting-smbhs
| title =Astronomers spot a pair of orbiting supermassive black holes
| title =Astronomers spot a pair of orbiting supermassive black holes
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* [[AP Lib]]
* [[AP Lib]]
*[[S5 0014+81]] (said to be a compact hyperluminous [[quasar]], estimated at 40 billion [[Solar mass|solar masses]])<ref name="mnras">{{cite journal |title=The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster? |display-authors=4 |last1=Ghisellini |first1=Gabriele |last2=Foschini |first2=Luigi |last3=Volonteri |first3=Marta |last4=Ghirlanda |first4=Giancarlo |last5=Haardt |first5=Francesco |last6=Burlon |first6=Davide |last7=Tavecchio |first7=Fabrizio |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=399 |number=1 |pages=L24-L28 |arxiv=0906.0575 |doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x |date=14 Jul 2009 |bibcode=2009MNRAS.399L..24G }} 17:53:24 GMT.</ref>
*[[S5 0014+81]] (said to be a compact hyperluminous quasar, estimated at 40 billion [[solar mass]]es)<ref name="mnras">{{cite journal |title=The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster? |display-authors=4 |last1=Ghisellini |first1=Gabriele |last2=Foschini |first2=Luigi |last3=Volonteri |first3=Marta |last4=Ghirlanda |first4=Giancarlo |last5=Haardt |first5=Francesco |last6=Burlon |first6=Davide |last7=Tavecchio |first7=Fabrizio |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=399 |number=1 |pages=L24–L28 |arxiv=0906.0575 |doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x |date=14 Jul 2009 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2009MNRAS.399L..24G |s2cid=14438667 }} 17:53:24 GMT.</ref>
* [[APM 08279+5255]] (contains one of the largest black holes, estimated at 10-23 billion [[Solar mass|solar masses]]; previous candidate for largest)<ref name=Riechers2009>{{cite journal |last=Riechers |first=Dominik A. |last2=Walter |first2=Fabian |last3=Carilli |first3=Christopher L. |last4=Lewis |first4=Geraint F. |authorlink4=Geraint F. Lewis |title=Imaging The Molecular Gas in a z = 3.9 Quasar Host Galaxy at 0."3 Resolution: A Central, Sub-Kiloparsec Scale Star Formation Reservoir in APM 08279+5255 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=690 |issue=1 |pages=463–485 |year=2009 |arxiv=0809.0754 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/463 |bibcode =2009ApJ...690..463R}}</ref><ref name="saturni2016">{{cite journal
* [[APM 08279+5255]] (contains one of the largest black holes, estimated at 10-23 billion [[solar mass]]es; previous candidate for largest)<ref name=Riechers2009>{{cite journal |last1=Riechers |first1=Dominik A. |last2=Walter |first2=Fabian |last3=Carilli |first3=Christopher L. |last4=Lewis |first4=Geraint F. |authorlink4=Geraint F. Lewis |title=Imaging The Molecular Gas in a z = 3.9 Quasar Host Galaxy at 0."3 Resolution: A Central, Sub-Kiloparsec Scale Star Formation Reservoir in APM 08279+5255 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=690 |issue=1 |pages=463–485 |year=2009 |arxiv=0809.0754 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/463 |bibcode =2009ApJ...690..463R|s2cid=13959993 }}</ref><ref name="saturni2016">{{cite journal
| last1 = Saturni | first1 = F. G.
| last1 = Saturni | first1 = F. G.
| last2 = Trevese | first2 = D.
| last2 = Trevese | first2 = D.
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| url = http://esoads.eso.org/abs/2016A%26A...587A..43S
| url = http://esoads.eso.org/abs/2016A%26A...587A..43S
| bibcode = 2016A&A...587A..43S
| bibcode = 2016A&A...587A..43S
| s2cid = 118548618
}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>
* [[Arp 220]]
* [[Arp 220]]
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* [[Messier 105]]
* [[Messier 105]]
* [[Messier 106]]
* [[Messier 106]]
* [[Quiescent (Galaxy)]] (Black Hole at the center of the Andromeda Galaxy)
* [[Mrk 421]]
* [[Mrk 421]]
* [[Mrk 501]]
* [[Mrk 501]]
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* [[RX J1131]] (first black hole whose spin was directly measured)<ref name="Space">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/24936-supermassive-black-hole-spin-quasar.html|title=Monster Black Hole Spins at Half the Speed of Light|author=Nola Taylor Redd|publisher=[[Space.com]]|date=March 5, 2014|accessdate=March 5, 2014}}</ref>
* [[RX J1131]] (first black hole whose spin was directly measured)<ref name="Space">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/24936-supermassive-black-hole-spin-quasar.html|title=Monster Black Hole Spins at Half the Speed of Light|author=Nola Taylor Redd|publisher=[[Space.com]]|date=March 5, 2014|accessdate=March 5, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Sagittarius A*]], which is in the center of the [[Milky Way]]
* [[Sagittarius A*]], which is in the center of the [[Milky Way]]

===Types===
===Types===
* [[Quasar]]
* [[Quasar]]
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==Stellar black holes and candidates==
==Stellar black holes and candidates==
* [[1E1740.7-2942]] ([[Great Annihilator]]), 340 [[light-years|ly]] from [[Sgr A*]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=ShieldSquare Captcha|language=en|doi=10.1086/307441|arxiv=astro-ph/9903376|s2cid=17988034|doi-access=free|last1=Sakano|first1=Masaaki|last2=Imanishi|first2=Kensuke|last3=Tsujimoto|first3=Masahiro|last4=Koyama|first4=Katsuji|last5=Maeda|first5=Yoshitomo|year=1999}}</ref>
* [[1E1740.7-2942]] ([[Great Annihilator]]), 340 [[light-years|ly]] from [[Sgr A*]]<ref>{{Cite journal|language=en|doi=10.1086/307441|arxiv=astro-ph/9903376|s2cid=17988034|doi-access=free|last1=Sakano|first1=Masaaki|last2=Imanishi|first2=Kensuke|last3=Tsujimoto|first3=Masahiro|last4=Koyama|first4=Katsuji|last5=Maeda|first5=Yoshitomo|title=Further Studies of 1E 1740.7−2942 with ASCA |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=520 |pages=316–323 |year=1999|issue=1 |bibcode=1999ApJ...520..316S }}</ref>
* [[4U 1543-475]]/[[IL Lupi]]
* [[4U 1543-475]]/[[IL Lupi]]
* [[A0620-00|A0620-00/V616 Mon]] (once thought to be the closest to [[Earth]] known, at about 3,000 [[Light-year|light years]])<ref name=Foellmi>{{cite journal|bibcode=2009NewA...14..674F|doi=10.1016/j.newast.2009.04.003|arxiv=0812.4232|title=What is the closest black hole to the Sun?|author=Foellmi, Cédric|journal=New Astronomy|volume=14|issue=8|pages=674–691|date=2009|s2cid=12843219}}</ref>
* [[A0620-00|A0620-00/V616 Mon]] (once thought to be the closest to [[Earth]] known, at about 3,000 [[Light-year|light years]])<ref name=Foellmi>{{cite journal|bibcode=2009NewA...14..674F|doi=10.1016/j.newast.2009.04.003|arxiv=0812.4232|title=What is the closest black hole to the Sun?|author=Foellmi, Cédric|journal=New Astronomy|volume=14|issue=8|pages=674–691|date=2009|s2cid=12843219}}</ref>
*[[CXOU J132527.6-430023]] (a candidate [[Stellar black hole|stellar mass black hole]] outside of the [[Local Group]])<ref>{{cite journal | bibcode = 2012ApJ...749..112B | arxiv=1202.3149 | title=A Transient Sub-Eddington Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate in the Dust Lanes of Centaurus A | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=749 | issue=2 | pages=112 | year=2012 | authors=Burke, Mark J.; Raychaudhury, Somak; Kraft, Ralph P.; Brassington, Nicola J.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Goodger, Joanna L.; Sivakoff, Gregory R.; Forman, William R.; Jones, Christine; Woodley, Kristin A.; Murray, Stephen S.; Kainulainen, Jouni; Birkinshaw, Mark; Croston, Judith H.; Evans, Daniel A.; Gilfanov, Marat; Jordán, Andrés; Sarazin, Craig L.; Voss, Rasmus; Worrall, Diana M.; Zhang, Zhongli|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/112 | s2cid=49949444 }}</ref>
*[[CXOU J132527.6-430023]] (a candidate [[Stellar black hole|stellar mass black hole]] outside of the [[Local Group]])<ref>{{cite journal | bibcode = 2012ApJ...749..112B | arxiv=1202.3149 | title=A Transient Sub-Eddington Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate in the Dust Lanes of Centaurus A | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=749 | issue=2 | pages=112 | year=2012 |author1=Burke, Mark J. |author2=Raychaudhury, Somak |author3=Kraft, Ralph P. |author4=Brassington, Nicola J. |author5=Hardcastle, Martin J. |author6=Goodger, Joanna L. |author7=Sivakoff, Gregory R. |author8=Forman, William R. |author9=Jones, Christine |author10=Woodley, Kristin A. |author11=Murray, Stephen S. |author12=Kainulainen, Jouni |author13=Birkinshaw, Mark |author14=Croston, Judith H. |author15=Evans, Daniel A. |author16=Gilfanov, Marat |author17=Jordán, Andrés |author18=Sarazin, Craig L. |author19=Voss, Rasmus |author20=Worrall, Diana M. |author21=Zhang, Zhongli |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/112 | s2cid=49949444 }}</ref>
* [[Cygnus X-1]]
* [[Cygnus X-1]]
* [[Cygnus X-3]]
* [[Cygnus X-3]]
* [[GRO J0422+32]] (possibly the smallest [[black hole]] yet discovered)<ref name="kreidberg12">{{cite journal|last=Kreidberg|first=Laura|author2=Bailyn, Charles D. |author3=Farr, Will M. |author4= Kalogera, Vicky |date=2012|title=Mass Measurements of Black Holes in X-ray Transients: is There a Mass Gap? |journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=757|issue=36|pages=17pp|bibcode=2012ApJ...757...36K|doi=10.1088/0004-637x/757/1/36|arxiv = 1205.1805 |s2cid=118452794}}</ref>
* [[GRO J0422+32]] (possibly the smallest black hole yet discovered)<ref name="kreidberg12">{{cite journal|last=Kreidberg|first=Laura|author2=Bailyn, Charles D. |author3=Farr, Will M. |author4= Kalogera, Vicky |date=2012|title=Mass Measurements of Black Holes in X-ray Transients: is There a Mass Gap? |journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=757|issue=36|pages=17pp|bibcode=2012ApJ...757...36K|doi=10.1088/0004-637x/757/1/36|arxiv = 1205.1805 |s2cid=118452794}}</ref>
* [[GRO J1655-40]]/[[V1033 Scorpii|V1033 Sco]] (at one time considered the smallest [[black hole]] known)<ref name=Space-2008-04-01/>
* [[GRO J1655-40]]/[[V1033 Scorpii|V1033 Sco]] (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)<ref name=Space-2008-04-01/>
* [[GRS 1124-683]]/[[GU Muscae|GU Mus]]
* [[GRS 1124-683]]/[[GU Muscae|GU Mus]]
* [[GRS 1915+105]]/[[V1487 Aquilae|V1487 Aql]]
* [[GRS 1915+105]]/[[V1487 Aquilae|V1487 Aql]]
* [[GS 2000+25]]/[[QZ Vulpeculae|QZ Vul]]
* [[GS 2000+25]]/[[QZ Vulpeculae|QZ Vul]]
* [[GX 339-4]]/[[V821 Arae|V821 Ara]]
* [[GX 339-4]]/[[V821 Arae|V821 Ara]]
* [[IGR J17091-3624]] (candidate smallest known [[stellar black hole]])<ref>{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Knapp |title=The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2012/02/22/the-smallest-known-black-hole-has-20-million-mile-per-hour-winds/ |work=Forbes |date=2012-02-22 |access-date=2012-02-22 }}</ref><ref>NASA.gov, [http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/black-hole-heartbeat.html "NASA's RXTE Detects 'Heartbeat' of Smallest Black Hole Candidate"], ''2011.12.15'' (accessed 2011.12.17)</ref>
* [[IGR J17091-3624]] (candidate smallest known stellar black hole)<ref>{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Knapp |title=The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2012/02/22/the-smallest-known-black-hole-has-20-million-mile-per-hour-winds/ |work=Forbes |date=2012-02-22 |access-date=2012-02-22 }}</ref><ref>NASA.gov, [http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/black-hole-heartbeat.html "NASA's RXTE Detects 'Heartbeat' of Smallest Black Hole Candidate"], ''2011.12.15'' (accessed 2011.12.17)</ref>
* [[LB-1]] (name of both a galactic [[Stellar classification#Class B|B-type star]] and a very closely associated over-massive [[stellar-mass black hole]])<ref name="NAT-20191127">{{cite journal |author=Liu, Jifeng |display-authors=et al. |title=A wide star–black-hole binary system from radial-velocity measurements |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1766-2 |date=27 November 2019 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=575 |issue=7784 |pages=618–621 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1766-2 |pmid=31776491 |arxiv=1911.11989 |bibcode=2019Natur.575..618L |s2cid=208310287 |access-date=29 November 2019 }}</ref><ref name="EA-20191127a">{{cite web |author=Chinese Academy of Science |author-link=Chinese Academy of Science |title=Chinese Academy of Sciences leads discovery of unpredicted stellar black hole |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/caos-cao112519.php |date=27 November 2019|work=[[EurekAlert!]] |access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref>
* [[LB-1]] (name of both a galactic [[Stellar classification#Class B|B-type star]] and a very closely associated over-massive [[stellar-mass black hole]])<ref name="NAT-20191127">{{cite journal |author=Liu, Jifeng |display-authors=et al. |title=A wide star–black-hole binary system from radial-velocity measurements |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1766-2 |date=27 November 2019 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=575 |issue=7784 |pages=618–621 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1766-2 |pmid=31776491 |arxiv=1911.11989 |bibcode=2019Natur.575..618L |s2cid=208310287 |access-date=29 November 2019 }}</ref><ref name="EA-20191127a">{{cite web |author=Chinese Academy of Science |author-link=Chinese Academy of Science |title=Chinese Academy of Sciences leads discovery of unpredicted stellar black hole |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/caos-cao112519.php |date=27 November 2019|work=[[EurekAlert!]] |access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref>
* [[M33 X-7]] (most massive [[Stellar black hole|stellar-mass black hole]] known, not counting GW black holes)<ref>ScienceDaily, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071017145225.htm "Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered In Nearby Galaxy"], ''Oct. 18, 2007'' (accessed 12-12-2009)</ref>
* [[M33 X-7]] (stellar black hole with the most massive stellar companion, located in the Triangulum Galaxy)<ref>ScienceDaily, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071017145225.htm "Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered In Nearby Galaxy"], ''Oct. 18, 2007'' (accessed 12-12-2009)</ref>
* [[Rogue black hole#MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462|MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462]] (first known isolated stellar black hole)<ref name=Sahu>{{cite journal |display-authors=etal|last1=Kailash Sahu |title=An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=Jan 31, 2022 |volume=933 |issue=1 |page=83 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e |arxiv=2201.13296|bibcode=2022ApJ...933...83S |s2cid=246430448 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lam |first1=Casey Y. |last2=Lu |first2=Jessica R. |last3=Udalski |first3=Andrzej |last4=Bond |first4=Ian |last5=Bennett |first5=David P. |last6=Skowron |first6=Jan |last7=Mroz |first7=Przemek |last8=Poleski |first8=Radek |last9=Sumi |first9=Takahiro |last10=Szymanski |first10=Michal K. |last11=Kozlowski |first11=Szymon |date=2022-05-31 |title=An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=933 |issue=1 |pages=L23 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac7442 |arxiv=2202.01903 |bibcode=2022ApJ...933L..23L |s2cid=246608178 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gianopoulos |first=Andrea |date=2022-06-07 |title=Hubble Determines Mass of Isolated Black Hole Roaming Milky Way |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/hubble-determines-mass-of-isolated-black-hole-roaming-our-milky-way-galaxy |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=NASA}}</ref>
* [[MOA-2011-BLG-191]] or [[OGLE-2011-BLG-0462]] (first known isolated stellar black hole)<ref name=Sahu>{{cite journal |display-authors=etal|last1=Kailash Sahu |title=An Isolated Stellar-Mass Black Hole Detected Through Astrometric Microlensing |date=Jan 31, 2022 |url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.13296.pdf}} Accepted for publication in [[ApJ]].</ref>
* [[SN 1997D]] (in [[NGC 1536]])
* [[SN 1997D]] (in [[NGC 1536]])
* [[SS 433]]
* [[SS 433]]
* [[V404 Cygni|V404 Cyg]]
* [[V404 Cygni|V404 Cyg]]
* [[V Puppis]]
* [[XTE J1118+480]]/[[KV Ursae Majoris|KV UMa]]
* [[XTE J1118+480]]/[[KV Ursae Majoris|KV UMa]]
* [[XTE J1550-564]]/[[V381 Normae|V381 Nor]]
* [[XTE J1550-564]]/[[V381 Normae|V381 Nor]]
* [[XTE J1650-500]] (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)<ref name=Space-2008-04-01>{{cite news |url= http://www.space.com/5191-smallest-black-hole.html |title= Smallest Black Hole Found |author= Andrea Thompson |date= 1 April 2008 |publisher= Space.com }}</ref>
* [[XTE J1650-500]] (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)<ref name=Space-2008-04-01>{{cite news |url= http://www.space.com/5191-smallest-black-hole.html |title= Smallest Black Hole Found |author= Andrea Thompson |date= 1 April 2008 |publisher= Space.com }}</ref>
* [[XTE J1819-254]]/[[V4641 Sagittarii|V4641 Sgr]]
* [[XTE J1819-254]]/[[V4641 Sagittarii|V4641 Sgr]]
* [[LMC X-1]] (first X-ray source in the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]])


===Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals===
===Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals===
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{{As of|February 2019}}, 10 mergers of binary black holes have been observed. In each case two black holes merged to a larger black hole. In addition, one [[neutron star]] merger has been observed ([[GW170817]]), forming a black hole. In addition, over 30 alerts have been issued since April 2019, of black hole merger candidates.
{{As of|February 2019}}, 10 mergers of binary black holes have been observed. In each case two black holes merged to a larger black hole. In addition, one [[neutron star]] merger has been observed ([[GW170817]]), forming a black hole. In addition, over 30 alerts have been issued since April 2019, of black hole merger candidates.
*[[GW 150914]]


==Multiple black hole systems==
==Multiple black hole systems==
===Binary black holes===
===Binary black holes===
* [[EGSD2 J142033.66 525917.5]] core black holes &mdash; galaxy hosting a dual AGN<ref name="Gerke">{{cite journal|last1=Gerke|first1=Brian F.|last2=Newman|first2=Jeffrey A.|last3=Lotz|first3=Jennifer|last4=Yan|first4=Renbin|last5=Barmby|first5=P.|last6=Coil|first6=Alison L.|last7=Conselice|first7=Christopher J.|last8=Ivison|first8=R. J.|last9=Lin|first9=Lihwai|last10=Koo|first10=David C.|last11=Nandra|first11=Kirpal|last12=Salim|first12=Samir|last13=Small|first13=Todd|last14=Weiner|first14=Benjamin J.|last15=Cooper|first15=Michael C.|last16=Davis|first16=Marc|last17=Faber|first17=S. M.|last18=Guhathakurta|first18=Puragra|display-authors=etal |date=6 April 2007|title=The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: AEGIS Observations of a Dual AGN AT z p 0.7|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters|volume=660|issue=1|pages=L23–L26|arxiv = astro-ph/0608380 |bibcode = 2007ApJ...660L..23G |doi = 10.1086/517968|s2cid=14320681}}</ref>
* [[EGSD2 J142033.66 525917.5]] core black holes &mdash; galaxy hosting a dual AGN<ref name="Gerke">{{cite journal|last1=Gerke|first1=Brian F.|last2=Newman|first2=Jeffrey A.|last3=Lotz|first3=Jennifer|author3-link=Jennifer Lotz|last4=Yan|first4=Renbin|last5=Barmby|first5=P.|last6=Coil|first6=Alison L.|last7=Conselice|first7=Christopher J.|last8=Ivison|first8=R. J.|last9=Lin|first9=Lihwai|last10=Koo|first10=David C.|last11=Nandra|first11=Kirpal|last12=Salim|first12=Samir|last13=Small|first13=Todd|last14=Weiner|first14=Benjamin J.|last15=Cooper|first15=Michael C.|last16=Davis|first16=Marc|last17=Faber|first17=S. M.|last18=Guhathakurta|first18=Puragra|display-authors=etal |date=6 April 2007|title=The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: AEGIS Observations of a Dual AGN AT z p 0.7|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters|volume=660|issue=1|pages=L23–L26|arxiv = astro-ph/0608380 |bibcode = 2007ApJ...660L..23G |doi = 10.1086/517968|s2cid=14320681}}</ref>
* [[OJ 287]] core black holes &mdash; a [[BL Lac object]] with a candidate binary supermassive black hole core system<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Valtonen | first1 = M. J. | last2 = Nilsson | first2 = K. | last3 = Sillanpää | first3 = A. | last4 = Takalo | first4 = L. O. | last5 = Lehto | first5 = H. J. | last6 = Keel | first6 = W. C. | last7 = Haque | first7 = S. | last8 = Cornwall | first8 = D. | last9 = Mattingly | first9 = A. | display-authors = 3 | title = The 2005 November Outburst in OJ 287 and the Binary Black Hole Model | doi = 10.1086/505039 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 643 | issue = 1 | pages = L9–L12 | year = 2006 |bibcode = 2006ApJ...643L...9V | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[OJ 287]] core black holes &mdash; a [[BL Lac object]] with a candidate binary supermassive black hole core system<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Valtonen | first1 = M. J. | last2 = Nilsson | first2 = K. | last3 = Sillanpää | first3 = A. | last4 = Takalo | first4 = L. O. | last5 = Lehto | first5 = H. J. | last6 = Keel | first6 = W. C. | last7 = Haque | first7 = S. | last8 = Cornwall | first8 = D. | last9 = Mattingly | first9 = A. | display-authors = 3 | title = The 2005 November Outburst in OJ 287 and the Binary Black Hole Model | doi = 10.1086/505039 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 643 | issue = 1 | pages = L9–L12 | year = 2006 |bibcode = 2006ApJ...643L...9V | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[PG 1302-102]] &ndash; the first binary-cored quasar &mdash; a pair of supermassive black holes at the core of this quasar<ref name=Ars-2015-01-08>{{cite news |url= https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/01/supermassive-black-hole-binary-discovered/ |title= Supermassive black hole binary discovered |author= Xaq Rzetelny |date= 8 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name= "10.1038/nature14143" > {{cite journal |title= A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity |doi= 10.1038/nature14143 |arxiv= 1501.01375 |date= 25 July 2014 |publication-date= 7 January 2015 |display-authors= 6 |author= Matthew J. Graham |author2= S. George Djorgovski |author3= Daniel Stern |author4= Eilat Glikman |author5= Andrew J. Drake|author6= Ashish A. Mahabal |author7= Ciro Donalek|author8= Steve Larson |author9= Eric Christensen |issn= 0028-0836 |journal= Nature |bibcode = 2015Natur.518...74G |volume=518 |issue= 7537 |pages=74–76 |pmid=25561176|s2cid= 4459433 }}</ref>
* [[PG 1302-102]] &ndash; the first binary-cored quasar &mdash; a pair of supermassive black holes at the core of this quasar<ref name=Ars-2015-01-08>{{cite news |url= https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/01/supermassive-black-hole-binary-discovered/ |title= Supermassive black hole binary discovered |author= Xaq Rzetelny |date= 8 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name= "10.1038/nature14143" > {{cite journal |title= A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity |doi= 10.1038/nature14143 |arxiv= 1501.01375 |date= 25 July 2014 |publication-date= 7 January 2015 |display-authors= 6 |author= Matthew J. Graham |author2= S. George Djorgovski |author3= Daniel Stern |author4= Eilat Glikman |author5= Andrew J. Drake|author6= Ashish A. Mahabal |author7= Ciro Donalek|author8= Steve Larson |author9= Eric Christensen |issn= 0028-0836 |journal= Nature |bibcode = 2015Natur.518...74G |volume=518 |issue= 7537 |pages=74–76 |pmid=25561176|s2cid= 4459433 }}</ref>
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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Black hole]]
* [[Black hole]]
* [[Lists of black holes]]
* [[List of nearest black holes]]
* [[List of nearest black holes]]
* [[Supermassive black hole]]
* [[Supermassive black hole]]
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{{Portal bar|Physics|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System}}
{{Portal bar|Physics|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Black holes}}
[[Category:Black holes|*]]
[[Category:Black holes|*]]
[[Category:Lists of stars|black holes, list of]]
[[Category:Lists of stars|black holes, list of]]

Latest revision as of 20:37, 21 November 2024

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This list of black holes (and stars considered probable candidates) is organized by mass (including black holes of undetermined mass); some items in this list are galaxies or star clusters that are believed to be organized around a black hole. Messier and New General Catalogue designations are given where possible.

Supermassive black holes and candidates

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See also: List of most massive black holes and List of quasars

Types

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Intermediate-mass black holes and candidates

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Stellar black holes and candidates

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Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals

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Main article: List of gravitational wave observations

As of February 2019, 10 mergers of binary black holes have been observed. In each case two black holes merged to a larger black hole. In addition, one neutron star merger has been observed (GW170817), forming a black hole. In addition, over 30 alerts have been issued since April 2019, of black hole merger candidates.

Multiple black hole systems

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Binary black holes

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In addition, the signal of several binary black holes merging into a single black hole and in so doing producing gravitational waves have been observed by the LIGO instrument. These are listed above in the section Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals.

Trinary black holes

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As of 2014, there are 5 triple black hole systems known.[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Shemmer, O.; Netzer, H.; Maiolino, R.; Oliva, E.; Croom, S.; Corbett, E.; di Fabrizio, L. (2004). "Near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift active galactic nuclei: I. A metallicity-accretion rate relationship". The Astrophysical Journal. 614 (2): 547–557. arXiv:astro-ph/0406559. Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..547S. doi:10.1086/423607. S2CID 119010341.
  2. ^ Klesman, Alison (29 June 2017). "Astronomers spot a pair of orbiting supermassive black holes". Astronomy Magazine.
  3. ^ Ghisellini, Gabriele; Foschini, Luigi; Volonteri, Marta; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo; et al. (14 Jul 2009). "The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 399 (1): L24 – L28. arXiv:0906.0575. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399L..24G. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x. S2CID 14438667. 17:53:24 GMT.
  4. ^ Riechers, Dominik A.; Walter, Fabian; Carilli, Christopher L.; Lewis, Geraint F. (2009). "Imaging The Molecular Gas in a z = 3.9 Quasar Host Galaxy at 0."3 Resolution: A Central, Sub-Kiloparsec Scale Star Formation Reservoir in APM 08279+5255". The Astrophysical Journal. 690 (1): 463–485. arXiv:0809.0754. Bibcode:2009ApJ...690..463R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/463. S2CID 13959993.
  5. ^ Saturni, F. G.; Trevese, D.; Vagnetti, F.; Perna, M.; Dadina, M. (2016). "A multi-epoch spectroscopic study of the BAL quasar APM 08279+5255. II. Emission- and absorption-line variability time lags". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: A43. arXiv:1512.03195. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..43S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527152. S2CID 118548618.
  6. ^ M87's satellite galaxy NGC 4486B, SEDS
  7. ^ Romani, Roger W. (2006). "The Spectral Energy Distribution of the High-z Blazar Q0906+6930". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (5): 1959–1963. arXiv:astro-ph/0607581. Bibcode:2006AJ....132.1959R. doi:10.1086/508216. S2CID 119331684.
  8. ^ Nola Taylor Redd (March 5, 2014). "Monster Black Hole Spins at Half the Speed of Light". Space.com. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
  9. ^ Sakano, Masaaki; Imanishi, Kensuke; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Koyama, Katsuji; Maeda, Yoshitomo (1999). "Further Studies of 1E 1740.7−2942 with ASCA". The Astrophysical Journal. 520 (1): 316–323. arXiv:astro-ph/9903376. Bibcode:1999ApJ...520..316S. doi:10.1086/307441. S2CID 17988034.
  10. ^ Foellmi, Cédric (2009). "What is the closest black hole to the Sun?". New Astronomy. 14 (8): 674–691. arXiv:0812.4232. Bibcode:2009NewA...14..674F. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2009.04.003. S2CID 12843219.
  11. ^ Burke, Mark J.; Raychaudhury, Somak; Kraft, Ralph P.; Brassington, Nicola J.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Goodger, Joanna L.; Sivakoff, Gregory R.; Forman, William R.; Jones, Christine; Woodley, Kristin A.; Murray, Stephen S.; Kainulainen, Jouni; Birkinshaw, Mark; Croston, Judith H.; Evans, Daniel A.; Gilfanov, Marat; Jordán, Andrés; Sarazin, Craig L.; Voss, Rasmus; Worrall, Diana M.; Zhang, Zhongli (2012). "A Transient Sub-Eddington Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate in the Dust Lanes of Centaurus A". The Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 112. arXiv:1202.3149. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..112B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/112. S2CID 49949444.
  12. ^ Kreidberg, Laura; Bailyn, Charles D.; Farr, Will M.; Kalogera, Vicky (2012). "Mass Measurements of Black Holes in X-ray Transients: is There a Mass Gap?". The Astrophysical Journal. 757 (36): 17pp. arXiv:1205.1805. Bibcode:2012ApJ...757...36K. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/757/1/36. S2CID 118452794.
  13. ^ a b Andrea Thompson (1 April 2008). "Smallest Black Hole Found". Space.com.
  14. ^ Knapp, Alex (2012-02-22). "The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds". Forbes. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
  15. ^ NASA.gov, "NASA's RXTE Detects 'Heartbeat' of Smallest Black Hole Candidate", 2011.12.15 (accessed 2011.12.17)
  16. ^ Liu, Jifeng; et al. (27 November 2019). "A wide star–black-hole binary system from radial-velocity measurements". Nature. 575 (7784): 618–621. arXiv:1911.11989. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..618L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1766-2. PMID 31776491. S2CID 208310287. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  17. ^ Chinese Academy of Science (27 November 2019). "Chinese Academy of Sciences leads discovery of unpredicted stellar black hole". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  18. ^ ScienceDaily, "Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered In Nearby Galaxy", Oct. 18, 2007 (accessed 12-12-2009)
  19. ^ Kailash Sahu; et al. (Jan 31, 2022). "An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal. 933 (1): 83. arXiv:2201.13296. Bibcode:2022ApJ...933...83S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e. S2CID 246430448.
  20. ^ Lam, Casey Y.; Lu, Jessica R.; Udalski, Andrzej; Bond, Ian; Bennett, David P.; Skowron, Jan; Mroz, Przemek; Poleski, Radek; Sumi, Takahiro; Szymanski, Michal K.; Kozlowski, Szymon (2022-05-31). "An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 933 (1): L23. arXiv:2202.01903. Bibcode:2022ApJ...933L..23L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7442. S2CID 246608178.
  21. ^ Gianopoulos, Andrea (2022-06-07). "Hubble Determines Mass of Isolated Black Hole Roaming Milky Way". NASA. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  22. ^ Gerke, Brian F.; Newman, Jeffrey A.; Lotz, Jennifer; Yan, Renbin; Barmby, P.; Coil, Alison L.; Conselice, Christopher J.; Ivison, R. J.; Lin, Lihwai; Koo, David C.; Nandra, Kirpal; Salim, Samir; Small, Todd; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Cooper, Michael C.; Davis, Marc; Faber, S. M.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; et al. (6 April 2007). "The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: AEGIS Observations of a Dual AGN AT z p 0.7". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 660 (1): L23 – L26. arXiv:astro-ph/0608380. Bibcode:2007ApJ...660L..23G. doi:10.1086/517968. S2CID 14320681.
  23. ^ Valtonen, M. J.; Nilsson, K.; Sillanpää, A.; et al. (2006). "The 2005 November Outburst in OJ 287 and the Binary Black Hole Model". The Astrophysical Journal. 643 (1): L9 – L12. Bibcode:2006ApJ...643L...9V. doi:10.1086/505039.
  24. ^ Xaq Rzetelny (8 January 2015). "Supermassive black hole binary discovered".
  25. ^ Matthew J. Graham; S. George Djorgovski; Daniel Stern; Eilat Glikman; Andrew J. Drake; Ashish A. Mahabal; et al. (25 July 2014). "A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity". Nature. 518 (7537) (published 7 January 2015): 74–76. arXiv:1501.01375. Bibcode:2015Natur.518...74G. doi:10.1038/nature14143. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25561176. S2CID 4459433.
  26. ^ ESA (25 April 2014). "Unique pair of hidden black holes discovered by XMM-Newton". Space Daily.
  27. ^ a b Deane, R. P.; Paragi, Z.; Jarvis, M. J.; Coriat, M.; Bernardi, G.; Fender, R. P.; et al. (24 June 2014). "A close-pair binary in a distant triple supermassive black hole system". Nature. 511 (7507) (published July 2014): 57–60. arXiv:1406.6365. Bibcode:2014Natur.511...57D. doi:10.1038/nature13454. PMID 24990745. S2CID 4461647.
  28. ^ Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, Meg; Treister, Ezequiel; Simmons, Brooke; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Glikman, Eilat (29 November 2011). "Evidence for Three Accreting Black Holes in a Galaxy at z ~ 1.35: A Snapshot of Recently Formed Black Hole Seeds?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 743 (2) (published December 2011): 6. arXiv:1111.6973. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743L..37S. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/743/2/L37. S2CID 118497392. L37.
  29. ^ Liu, Xin; Shen, Yue; Strauss, Michael A. (18 April 2011). "Cosmic Train Wreck by Massive Black Holes: Discovery of a Kiloparsec-scale Triple Active Galactic Nucleus". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 736 (1) (published July 2011): L7 – L11. arXiv:1104.3391. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736L...7L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/736/1/L7. S2CID 118350891. L7.
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