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Michigan's 14th congressional district: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 42°23′21″N 82°55′19″W / 42.38917°N 82.92194°W / 42.38917; -82.92194
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|state = Michigan
|state = Michigan
|district number = 14
|district number = 14
|obsolete = yes
⚫
|image name = Michigan US Congressional District 14 (since 2013).tif
|image width = 400
|created = 1930
|eliminated = 2020
|image caption = Michigan's 14th congressional district since January 3, 2013
|years = 1933–2023
|representative = [[Brenda Lawrence]]
|party = Democratic
|residence = Southfield
|english area =
|percent urban =
|percent rural =
|population = 689,939
|population year = 2019
|median income = $50,438<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=26&cd=14|title=My Congressional District|first=US Census Bureau|last=Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP)|website=www.census.gov}}</ref>
|percent white = 31.3
|percent black = 58.1
|percent asian = 3.8
|percent native american = 0.2
|percent hispanic = 4.4
|percent other race =
|percent blue collar =
|percent white collar =
|percent gray collar =
|cpvi = D+30<ref name=Cook>{{cite web|url=http://cookpolitical.com/file/Arranged_by_State_District.pdf|title=Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress|publisher=The Cook Political Report|date=April 7, 2017|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''Michigan's 14th congressional district''' is a [[congressional district]] that stretches from eastern [[Detroit]] westward to [[Farmington Hills, Michigan|Farmington Hills]], then north to the suburb of [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]]. From 2003 to 2013, it was centered in [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne]] and [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland]] Counties.
'''Michigan's 14th congressional district''' was a [[congressional district]] that stretched from eastern [[Detroit]] westward to [[Farmington Hills, Michigan|Farmington Hills]], then north to the suburb of [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]]. From 1993 to 2013, it was based entirely in [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]].


It is currently represented by [[Brenda Lawrence]].<ref name="14CD2017">{{Cite web|url=https://lawrence.house.gov/about/our-district|title=Our District|date=December 4, 2012|website=Congresswoman Brenda Lawrence}}</ref>
It was last represented by [[Brenda Lawrence]].<ref name="14CD2017">{{Cite web|url=https://lawrence.house.gov/about/our-district|title=Our District|date=December 4, 2012|website=Congresswoman Brenda Lawrence}}</ref>


According to Michigan's law on redistricting, the highest numbered district must be in the southeast corner of the state. However, despite being the highest numbered district, the 14th district is not in the southeast corner of the state; the [[Michigan's 7th congressional district|7th district]] is. {{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}
According to Michigan's law on redistricting, the highest numbered district must be in the southeast corner of the state. However, despite being the highest numbered district, the 14th district was not in the southeast corner of the state during its final decade of existence; the [[Michigan's 7th congressional district|7th district]] was.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michigan Legislature - Section 3.63|url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(be1xpedd044rcezriop1rynj))/mileg.aspx?page=getobject&objectname=mcl-3-63|access-date=2021-10-06|website=www.legislature.mi.gov}}</ref>

After the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], Michigan's 14th district was removed in the [[2020 United States redistricting cycle]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2021/dec/2020-apportionment-map.html|title = 2020 Census: Apportionment of the U.S. House of Representatives}}</ref>


== Future ==
== Future ==
The district will become obsolete as of the [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections]], as Michigan loses one district according to the [[2020 United States Census]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Skelley|first=Geoffrey|date=26 April 2021|title=Which States Won — And Lost — Seats In The 2020 Census?|work=Five Thirty Eight|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/which-states-won-and-lost-seats-in-the-2020-census/|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>
The district became obsolete, after the [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections]], as Michigan lost one district, due to [[reapportionment]] after the [[2020 United States census]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Skelley|first=Geoffrey|date=26 April 2021|title=Which States Won — And Lost — Seats In The 2020 Census?|work=Five Thirty Eight|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/which-states-won-and-lost-seats-in-the-2020-census/|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>


== Recent election results in statewide races ==
== Recent election results in presidential races ==
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/sos/0,4670,7-127-1633_8722---,00.html |title=Previous Election Information - General Information |publisher=State of Michigan | access-date=May 25, 2017}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/sos/0,4670,7-127-1633_8722---,00.html |title=Previous Election Information - General Information |publisher=State of Michigan | access-date=May 25, 2017}}</ref>
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
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! Office
! Office
! Results
! Results

|-
|-
! 1992
! 1992
| [[1992 United States presidential election|President]]
| [[1992 United States presidential election|President]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bill Clinton | Clinton]] 80% - 15%
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] 80%–15%

|-
|-
! 1996
! 1996
| [[1996 United States presidential election|President]]
| [[1996 United States presidential election|President]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bill Clinton | Clinton]] 86 - 11%
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] 86%–11%

|-
|-
! 2000
! 2000
| [[2000 United States presidential election|President]]
| [[2000 United States presidential election|President]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Al Gore | Gore]] 81 - 18%
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Al Gore|Gore]] 81%–18%

|-
|-
! 2004
! 2004
| [[2004 United States presidential election|President]]
| [[2004 United States presidential election|President]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[John Kerry | Kerry]] 83 - 17%
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[John Kerry|Kerry]] 83%–17%

|-
|-
! 2008
! 2008
| [[2008 United States presidential election|President]]
| [[2008 United States presidential election|President]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Barack Obama | Obama]] 86 - 14%
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Barack Obama|Obama]] 86%–14%

|-
|-
! 2012
! 2012
| [[2012 United States presidential election|President]]
| [[2012 United States presidential election|President]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Barack Obama | Obama]] 81 - 19%
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Barack Obama|Obama]] 81%–19%

|-
|-
! 2016
! 2016
| [[2016 United States presidential election|President]]
| [[2016 United States presidential election|President]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Hillary Clinton| Clinton]] 79 - 18%
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]] 79%–18%
|-
! 2018
| [[2018 United States Senate election in Michigan|Senate]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Debbie Stabenow | Stabenow]] 79 - 20%

|-
! 2018
| [[2018 Michigan gubernatorial election|Governor]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Gretchen Whitmer | Whitmer]] 80 - 18%
|-
|-
! 2020
! 2020
| [[2020 United States presidential election|President]]
| [[2020 United States presidential election|President]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Joe Biden|Biden]] 80 - 20%
| {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Joe Biden|Biden]] 80%–20%
|}
|}


== History ==
== History ==
In the 1960s, the 14th congressional district consisted of Hamtramck, the northeast portion of Detroit, Harper Woods and the Grosse Pointes. The 1964 redistricting that created these boundaries placed Lucien Nedzi, who had represented the old 14th district, in the same congressional district as fellow Democrat incumbent Harold Ryan. Nedzi was the more liberal of the two Democrats, and won the primary. In the 1972 redistricting, East Detroit and Warren south of 10 Mile Road were added to the district while some of the district in Detroit was moved to other districts. Prior to the 1972 redistricting, the majority of voters in the district were residents of Detroit. The 1972 redistricting changed the district from having a population based on the 1970 census that was 10% African American to one that was 3% African American, what with 70,000 or more residents added from East Detroit and Warren, with the latter city as a place where black families could in 1970 literally be counted with one's fingers.
In the 1960s, the 14th congressional district consisted of [[Hamtramck, Michigan|Hamtramck]], the northeast portion of [[Detroit]], [[Harper Woods, Michigan|Harper Woods]] and the Grosse Pointes. The 1964 redistricting that created these boundaries placed [[Lucien Nedzi]], who had represented the old 14th district, in the same congressional district as fellow [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] incumbent Harold Ryan. Nedzi was the more liberal of the two Democrats, and won the primary. In the 1972 redistricting, East Detroit and Warren south of 10 Mile Road were added to the district while some of the district in Detroit was moved to other districts. Prior to the 1972 redistricting, the majority of voters in the district were residents of Detroit. The 1972 redistricting changed the district from having a population based on the 1970 census that was 10% African American to one that was 3% African American, what with 70,000 or more residents added from East Detroit and Warren, with the latter city as a place where black families could in 1970 literally be counted with one's fingers.


At the same time, the percentage of people who were either immigrants or had at least one parent who was an immigrant fell from 46% to 37%. This was more a reflection of the fact that the residents of Warren and East Detroit at the time were in many cases literally the children and grandchildren of the residents of north-east Detroit and Hamtramck. Those born in Poland or with at least one parent born there fell from 12% to 9% of the population, the same group for Canadians fell from 7% to 6% the Italian group held steady at 6% while the German group actually rose from 4% to 6%. Since all these figures are based on the 1970 census, the changes reflect differences between the areas added and dropped, not any population movement.
At the same time, the percentage of people who were either immigrants or had at least one parent who was an immigrant fell from 46% to 37%. This was more a reflection of the fact that the residents of Warren and East Detroit at the time were in many cases literally the children and grandchildren of the residents of north-east Detroit and Hamtramck. Those born in Poland or with at least one parent born there fell from 12% to 9% of the population, the same group for Canadians fell from 7% to 6% the Italian group held steady at 6% while the German group actually rose from 4% to 6%. Since all these figures are based on the 1970 census, the changes reflect differences between the areas added and dropped, not any population movement.
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Conyers' 1st district included [[Highland Park, Michigan|Highland Park]], and Detroit between the Southfield Freeway and a line running from the south end of Highland Park over to the boundary with Dearborn. The eastern boundary of the district was with the 14th district and the northern boundary was 8 mile road.
Conyers' 1st district included [[Highland Park, Michigan|Highland Park]], and Detroit between the Southfield Freeway and a line running from the south end of Highland Park over to the boundary with Dearborn. The eastern boundary of the district was with the 14th district and the northern boundary was 8 mile road.


All of the Wayne County portion of the 14th was retained in the 14th in the 1992 redistricting. It also retained most of the district area in Detroit from Conyers' old 1st district and all of Highland Park. In addition, it took in the far north-western part of Detroit and Redford Township from the 17th district, which prior to redistricting was represented by [[Sander Levin]], and after 1992 did not exist (since there were only 16 districts). The south end of St. Clair Shores and about 80% of Eastpointe were put in the district that ended up being [[David Bonior]]'s district, while the rest of Eastpointe, as well as the remaining areas in Warren, Center Line, Maidson Heights, Hazel Park, Sterling Heights, Utica and Troy were merged into the district that ended up represented by the 17th district's representative [[Sander Levin]].
All of the Wayne County portion of the 14th was retained in the 14th in the 1992 redistricting. It also retained most of the district area in Detroit from Conyers' old 1st district and all of Highland Park. In addition, it took in the far north-western part of Detroit and Redford Township from the 17th district, which prior to redistricting was represented by [[Sander Levin]], and after 1992 did not exist (since there were only 16 districts). The south end of St. Clair Shores and about 80% of Eastpointe were put in the district that ended up being [[David Bonior]]'s district, while the rest of Eastpointe, as well as the remaining areas in Warren, Center Line, Maidson Heights, Hazel Park, Sterling Heights, Utica and Troy were merged into the district that ended up represented by the 17th district's representative [[Sander Levin]], renumbered as the 12th post-redistricting.


== Demographic history ==
== Demographic history ==
The change over time in the congressional district can be seen by what has happened in the one place that has remained constantly in the district since the 1960s, Hamtramck. Hamtramck is no longer a mainly Polish city. 20% of the population is East Indian or Bangladeshi, 19% is black or African American, and almost five percent reports multiple races. Of the 53% that is "white" according to the broad definition used by the Census, Albanians are the most numerous sub-group, with large numbers of Yemenis and Bosnians as well. It is possible that close to half the population is Muslim.<ref>Based on facefinder report from United States census, along with impressions from several local news articles on Hamtramck</ref>
The change over time in the congressional district can be seen by what has happened in the one place that has remained constantly in the district since the 1960s, Hamtramck. Hamtramck is no longer a mainly Polish city. 20% of the population is East Indian or Bangladeshi, 19% is black or African American, and almost five percent reports multiple races. Of the 53% that is "white" according to the broad definition used by the Census Bureau, Albanians are the most numerous sub-group, with large numbers of Yemenis and Bosnians as well. It is possible that close to half the population is Muslim.<ref>Based on facefinder report from United States census, along with impressions from several local news articles on Hamtramck</ref>


The percentage of African Americans in the 2010 boundaries of the district had fallen from 61% to 59% between censuses, largely as a result of growth in the Arab population in Dearborn, combined with migration into Macomb and Oakland counties, as well as migration to Macomb, Oakland and suburban Wayne County, as well as out of Michigan entirely, from the Detroit and Highland Park portions of the district. Even the white population (including the large Arab populations in Hamtramck and Dearborn among others that rarely self-identify as white and clearly see themselves as distinct ethnic groups) within the district boundaries had declines by just over 23,000. At the same time those groups that were grouped under the heading "Asia" by the census saw their population in the district boundaries rise by a net of 2,000 during the 2010s, largely fueled by the growth of the Bangladeshi population in Hamtramck.<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html|title=Census Data}}</ref>
The percentage of African Americans in the 2010 boundaries of the district had fallen from 61% to 59% between censuses, largely as a result of growth in the Arab population in Dearborn, combined with migration into Macomb and Oakland counties, as well as migration to Macomb, Oakland and suburban Wayne County, as well as out of Michigan entirely, from the Detroit and Highland Park portions of the district. Even the white population (including the large Arab populations in Hamtramck and Dearborn among others that rarely self-identify as white and clearly see themselves as distinct ethnic groups) within the district boundaries had declines by just over 23,000. At the same time those groups that were grouped under the heading "Asia" by the census saw their population in the district boundaries rise by a net of 2,000 during the 2010s, largely fueled by the growth of the Bangladeshi population in Hamtramck.<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html|title=Census Data}}</ref>
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== List of members representing the district ==
== List of members representing the district ==
<ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423082228/http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp |date=April 23, 2010 }}, [http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(bh0gg4454mkrpj55i03lixvj))/documents/publications/manual/2003-2004/2003-mm-0606-0624-USRep.pdf U.S. Representatives 1837-2003], Michigan Manual 2003-2004</ref>
Source: <ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423082228/http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp |date=April 23, 2010 }}, [http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(bh0gg4454mkrpj55i03lixvj))/documents/publications/manual/2003-2004/2003-mm-0606-0624-USRep.pdf U.S. Representatives 1837-2003], Michigan Manual 2003-2004</ref>


{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
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! Cong<br/>ress
! Cong<br/>ress
! Electoral history
! Electoral history
! District boundaries


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=5 | District created March 4, 1933
| colspan=6 | District created March 4, 1933


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Carl M. Weideman (Michigan Congressman).jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Carl M. Weideman]]'''
| align=left | [[File:Carl M. Weideman (Michigan Congressman).jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Carl M. Weideman]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| nowrap | March 4, 1933 –<br/>January 3, 1935
| nowrap | March 4, 1933 –<br/>January 3, 1935
| {{USCongressOrdinal|73}}
| {{USCongressOrdinal|73}}
| [[1932 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Elected in 1932]].<br/>Lost renomination.
| [[1932 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Elected in 1932]].<br/>Lost renomination.
| rowspan=4 | '''1933–1953'''<br>{{dm|date=September 2021}}


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Louis Rabaut.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Louis C. Rabaut]]'''
| align=left | [[File:Louis Rabaut.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Louis C. Rabaut]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| nowrap | January 3, 1935 –<br/>January 3, 1947
| nowrap | January 3, 1935 –<br/>January 3, 1947
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|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Y000058.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Harold F. Youngblood]]'''
| align=left | [[File:Y000058.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Harold F. Youngblood]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| nowrap | January 3, 1947 –<br/>January 3, 1949
| nowrap | January 3, 1947 –<br/>January 3, 1949
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|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Louis Rabaut.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Louis C. Rabaut]]'''
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:Louis Rabaut.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Louis C. Rabaut]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan|Grosse Pointe Park]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| nowrap | January 3, 1949 –<br/>November 12, 1961
| rowspan=2 nowrap | January 3, 1949 –<br/>November 12, 1961
| {{USCongressOrdinal|81|87}}
| rowspan=2 | {{USCongressOrdinal|81|87}}
| [[1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Elected in 1948]].<br/>[[1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1950]].<br/>[[1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1952]].<br/>[[1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1954]].<br/>[[1956 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1956]].<br/>[[1958 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1958]].<br/>[[1960 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1960]].<br/>Died.
| rowspan=2 | [[1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Elected in 1948]].<br/>[[1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1950]].<br/>[[1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1952]].<br/>[[1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1954]].<br/>[[1956 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1956]].<br/>[[1958 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1958]].<br/>[[1960 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1960]].<br/>Died.

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=3 | '''1953–1965'''<br>{{dm|date=September 2021}}


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
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|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:HaroldRyan.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Harold M. Ryan]]'''
| align=left | [[File:HaroldRyan.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Harold M. Ryan]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| nowrap | February 13, 1962 –<br/>January 3, 1965
| nowrap | February 13, 1962 –<br/>January 3, 1965
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|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Lucien N. Nedzi.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Lucien N. Nedzi]]'''
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:Lucien N. Nedzi.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Lucien Nedzi]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| nowrap | January 3, 1965 –<br/>January 3, 1981
| rowspan=2 nowrap | January 3, 1965 –<br/>January 3, 1981
| {{USCongressOrdinal|89|96}}
| rowspan=2 | {{USCongressOrdinal|89|96}}
| Redistricted from the {{ushr|Michigan|1|C}} and [[1964 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|re-elected in 1964]].<br/>[[1966 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1966]].<br/>[[1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1968]].<br/>[[1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1970]].<br/>[[1972 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1972]].<br/>[[1974 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1974]].<br/>[[1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1976]].<br/>[[1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1978]].<br/>Retired.
| rowspan=2 | Redistricted from the {{ushr|MI|1|C}} and [[1964 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|re-elected in 1964]].<br/>[[1966 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1966]].<br/>[[1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1968]].<br/>[[1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1970]].<br/>[[1972 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1972]].<br/>[[1974 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1974]].<br/>[[1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1976]].<br/>[[1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1978]].<br/>Retired.
| '''1965–1973'''<br>{{dm|date=September 2021}}


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=2 | '''1973–1983'''<br>{{dm|date=September 2021}}
| align=left | [[File:Dennis Hertel.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Dennis M. Hertel|Dennis Hertel]]'''
⚫
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
⚫
| nowrap | January 3, 1981 –<br/>January 3, 1993
⚫
| {{USCongressOrdinal|97|102}}
⚫
| [[1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Elected in 1980]].<br/>[[1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1982]].<br/>[[1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1984]].<br/>[[1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1986]].<br/>[[1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1988]].<br/>[[1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1990]].<br/>Retired.


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:John conyers.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[John Conyers]]'''
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:Dennis Hertel.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Dennis M. Hertel|Dennis Hertel]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Harper Woods, Michigan|Harper Woods]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| nowrap | January 3, 1993 –<br/>January 3, 2013
| rowspan=2 nowrap | January 3, 1981 –<br/>January 3, 1993
| {{USCongressOrdinal|103|112}}
| rowspan=2 | {{USCongressOrdinal|97|102}}
| Redistricted from the {{ushr|Michigan|1|C}} and [[1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|re-elected in 1992]].<br/>[[1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1994]].<br/>[[1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1996]].<br/>[[1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1998]].<br/>[[2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2000]].<br/>[[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2002]].<br/>[[2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2004]].<br/>[[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2006]].<br/>[[2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2008]].<br/>[[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2010]].<br/>Redistricted to the {{ushr|Michigan|13|C}}.
| rowspan=2 | [[1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Elected in 1980]].<br/>[[1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1982]].<br/>[[1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1984]].<br/>[[1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1986]].<br/>[[1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1988]].<br/>[[1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1990]].<br/>Retired.

|- style="height:3em"
| '''1983–1993'''<br>{{dm|date=September 2021}}

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:John conyers.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[John Conyers]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]])}}
⚫
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
⚫
| rowspan=2 nowrap | January 3, 1993 –<br/>January 3, 2013
⚫
| rowspan=2 | {{USCongressOrdinal|103|112}}
⚫
| rowspan=2 | Redistricted from the {{ushr|MI|1|C}} and [[1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|re-elected in 1992]].<br/>[[1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1994]].<br/>[[1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1996]].<br/>[[1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 1998]].<br/>[[2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2000]].<br/>[[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2002]].<br/>[[2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2004]].<br/>[[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2006]].<br/>[[2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2008]].<br/>[[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2010]].<br/>Redistricted to the {{ushr|MI|13|C}}.
| '''1993–2003'''<br>[[File:MI 14th congressional district (106th Congress).PNG|300px]]

|- style="height:3em"
| '''2003–2013'''<br>[[File:MI14 110.svg|300px]]


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Gary Peters.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Gary Peters]]'''
| align=left | [[File:Gary Peters.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Gary Peters]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan|Bloomfield Township]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| nowrap | January 3, 2013 –<br/>January 3, 2015
| nowrap | January 3, 2013 –<br/>January 3, 2015
| {{USCongressOrdinal|113}}
| {{USCongressOrdinal|113}}
| Redistricted from the {{ushr|Michigan|9|C}} and [[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|re-elected in 2012]].<br/>Retired to [[2014 United States Senate election in Michigan|run for U.S. senator]].
| Redistricted from the {{ushr|MI|9|C}} and [[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|re-elected in 2012]].<br/>Retired to [[2014 United States Senate election in Michigan|run for U.S. senator]].
⚫
| rowspan=2 | '''2013–2023'''<br>[[File:Michigan US Congressional District 14 (since 2013).tif|300px]]


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Brenda Lawrence official portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Brenda Lawrence]]'''
| align=left | [[File:Brenda Lawrence official portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Brenda Lawrence]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Southfield, Michigan|Southfield]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| nowrap | January 3, 2015 –<br/>present
| nowrap | January 3, 2015 –<br/>January 3, 2023
| {{USCongressOrdinal|114|Present}}
| {{USCongressOrdinal|114|117}}
| [[2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Elected in 2014]].<br/>[[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2016]].<br/>[[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2018]].<br/>[[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2020]].
| [[2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Elected in 2014]].<br/>[[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2016]].<br/>[[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2018]].<br/>[[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|Re-elected in 2020]].<br />Redistricted to the {{Ushr|MI|12|C}} and retired.


|- style="height:3em"
|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=5 | District to be eliminated January 3, 2023
| colspan=6 | District eliminated January 3, 2023


|}
|}
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=== 2012 ===
=== 2012 ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2012<ref>https://www.politico.com/2012-election/results/house/michigan</ref>}}
{{Election box begin no change|title=Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/2012-election/results/house/michigan|title = 2012 Michigan House Results|website = [[Politico]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Gary Peters]] (incumbent)|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=270,450|percentage=82.3}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Gary Peters]] (incumbent)|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=270,450|percentage=82.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=John Hauler|party=Republican Party (United States)|votes=51,395|percentage=15.6}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=John Hauler|party=Republican Party (United States)|votes=51,395|percentage=15.6}}
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=== 2014 ===
=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2014<ref name="Generalelection">https://mielections.us/election/results/14GEN/</ref>}}
{{Election box begin no change|title=Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2014<ref name="Generalelection">{{Cite web|url=https://mielections.us/election/results/14GEN/|title = 2014 Michigan Official General Election Results - 11/04/2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Brenda Lawrence]]|votes=165,272|percentage=77.8}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Brenda Lawrence]]|votes=165,272|percentage=77.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Christina Barr|votes=41,801|percentage=19.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Christina Barr|votes=41,801|percentage=19.7}}
Line 263: Line 248:


==Historical district boundaries==
==Historical district boundaries==
[[File:MI 14th congressional district (106th Congress).PNG|thumb|left|<center>'''1993 - 2003'''</center>]]
[[File:MI 14th congressional district (106th Congress).PNG|thumb|left|{{center|'''1993 - 2003'''}}]]
[[File:MI14 110.svg|thumb|left|<center>'''2003 - 2013'''</center>]]
[[File:MI14 110.svg|thumb|left|{{center|'''2003 - 2013'''}}]]


{{clear}}
{{clear}}
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==Notes==
==Notes==
<references/>
<references/>

District boundaries were redrawn in 1993, and 2003 due to [[United States congressional apportionment|reapportionment]] following the censuses of [[United States Census, 1990|1990]] and [[United States Census, 2000|2000]].


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Constituencies established in 1933]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1933]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2023]]
[[Category:2023 disestablishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:John Conyers]]

Latest revision as of 22:11, 21 November 2024

Michigan's 14th congressional district
Obsolete district
Created1930
Eliminated2020
Years active1933–2023

Michigan's 14th congressional district was a congressional district that stretched from eastern Detroit westward to Farmington Hills, then north to the suburb of Pontiac. From 1993 to 2013, it was based entirely in Wayne County.

It was last represented by Brenda Lawrence.[1]

According to Michigan's law on redistricting, the highest numbered district must be in the southeast corner of the state. However, despite being the highest numbered district, the 14th district was not in the southeast corner of the state during its final decade of existence; the 7th district was.[2]

After the 2020 U.S. census, Michigan's 14th district was removed in the 2020 United States redistricting cycle.[3]

Future

[edit]

The district became obsolete, after the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections, as Michigan lost one district, due to reapportionment after the 2020 United States census.[4]

Recent election results in presidential races

[edit]

[5]

Year Office Results
1992 President Clinton 80%–15%
1996 President Clinton 86%–11%
2000 President Gore 81%–18%
2004 President Kerry 83%–17%
2008 President Obama 86%–14%
2012 President Obama 81%–19%
2016 President Clinton 79%–18%
2020 President Biden 80%–20%

History

[edit]

In the 1960s, the 14th congressional district consisted of Hamtramck, the northeast portion of Detroit, Harper Woods and the Grosse Pointes. The 1964 redistricting that created these boundaries placed Lucien Nedzi, who had represented the old 14th district, in the same congressional district as fellow Democratic incumbent Harold Ryan. Nedzi was the more liberal of the two Democrats, and won the primary. In the 1972 redistricting, East Detroit and Warren south of 10 Mile Road were added to the district while some of the district in Detroit was moved to other districts. Prior to the 1972 redistricting, the majority of voters in the district were residents of Detroit. The 1972 redistricting changed the district from having a population based on the 1970 census that was 10% African American to one that was 3% African American, what with 70,000 or more residents added from East Detroit and Warren, with the latter city as a place where black families could in 1970 literally be counted with one's fingers.

At the same time, the percentage of people who were either immigrants or had at least one parent who was an immigrant fell from 46% to 37%. This was more a reflection of the fact that the residents of Warren and East Detroit at the time were in many cases literally the children and grandchildren of the residents of north-east Detroit and Hamtramck. Those born in Poland or with at least one parent born there fell from 12% to 9% of the population, the same group for Canadians fell from 7% to 6% the Italian group held steady at 6% while the German group actually rose from 4% to 6%. Since all these figures are based on the 1970 census, the changes reflect differences between the areas added and dropped, not any population movement. Based on the 1970 census, the district had the most people who identified having Belgian ancestry of any congressional district in the country, and one of the most heavily Polish as well. Based on the 1970 census, it was possible to write that Hamtramck was "an almost entirely Polish-American city".[6]

From 1982 until the 1992 redistricting, the 14th congressional district included the northeast Detroit (basically north of 6 mile and east of Ryan), Grosse Pointe Farms, Grosse Point Woods, Grosse Pointe Shores, Hamtramck, Harper Woods, the southern third of St. Clair Shores, Eastpointe, Center Line, Warren south of 10 mile and west of Van Dyke, all of Sterling Heights, Utica, Hazel Park, Madison Heights, and Troy south of about Big Beaver Road, and west of Rochester Road.[7] The district was represented by Dennis Hertel.

Conyers' 1st district included Highland Park, and Detroit between the Southfield Freeway and a line running from the south end of Highland Park over to the boundary with Dearborn. The eastern boundary of the district was with the 14th district and the northern boundary was 8 mile road.

All of the Wayne County portion of the 14th was retained in the 14th in the 1992 redistricting. It also retained most of the district area in Detroit from Conyers' old 1st district and all of Highland Park. In addition, it took in the far north-western part of Detroit and Redford Township from the 17th district, which prior to redistricting was represented by Sander Levin, and after 1992 did not exist (since there were only 16 districts). The south end of St. Clair Shores and about 80% of Eastpointe were put in the district that ended up being David Bonior's district, while the rest of Eastpointe, as well as the remaining areas in Warren, Center Line, Maidson Heights, Hazel Park, Sterling Heights, Utica and Troy were merged into the district that ended up represented by the 17th district's representative Sander Levin, renumbered as the 12th post-redistricting.

Demographic history

[edit]

The change over time in the congressional district can be seen by what has happened in the one place that has remained constantly in the district since the 1960s, Hamtramck. Hamtramck is no longer a mainly Polish city. 20% of the population is East Indian or Bangladeshi, 19% is black or African American, and almost five percent reports multiple races. Of the 53% that is "white" according to the broad definition used by the Census Bureau, Albanians are the most numerous sub-group, with large numbers of Yemenis and Bosnians as well. It is possible that close to half the population is Muslim.[8]

The percentage of African Americans in the 2010 boundaries of the district had fallen from 61% to 59% between censuses, largely as a result of growth in the Arab population in Dearborn, combined with migration into Macomb and Oakland counties, as well as migration to Macomb, Oakland and suburban Wayne County, as well as out of Michigan entirely, from the Detroit and Highland Park portions of the district. Even the white population (including the large Arab populations in Hamtramck and Dearborn among others that rarely self-identify as white and clearly see themselves as distinct ethnic groups) within the district boundaries had declines by just over 23,000. At the same time those groups that were grouped under the heading "Asia" by the census saw their population in the district boundaries rise by a net of 2,000 during the 2010s, largely fueled by the growth of the Bangladeshi population in Hamtramck.[9]

2012 election

[edit]

After the 2010 census, the 14th was reconfigured to take in much of eastern Detroit and the Grosse Pointes. It was also pushed westward into Oakland County to include Southfield, Farmington Hills and Pontiac. For all intents and purposes, this was the successor to the old 13th district. Meanwhile, most of the old 14th became the new 13th.

The 13th's freshman congressman, Hansen Clarke, had his home drawn into the new 13th, but opted to follow most of his constituents into the new 14th. In the Democratic primary for this hybrid urban-suburban district, Clarke faced fellow congressman Gary Peters, whose 9th district had been eliminated in redistricting, as well as Southfield mayor Brenda Lawrence and two other Democrats. Preliminary reports showed Peters, who had previously represented part of the Oakland County portion of the district, winning with 47% of the vote to Clarke's 35% and Lawrence's 13%.[10]

List of members representing the district

[edit]

Source: [11]

Member Party Years Cong
ress 		Electoral history District boundaries
District created March 4, 1933

Carl M. Weideman
(Detroit) 		Democratic March 4, 1933 –
January 3, 1935 		73rd Elected in 1932.
Lost renomination. 		1933–1953
[data missing]

Louis C. Rabaut
(Detroit) 		Democratic January 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1947 		74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
79th 		Elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Lost re-election.

Harold F. Youngblood
(Detroit) 		Republican January 3, 1947 –
January 3, 1949 		80th Elected in 1946.
Lost re-election.

Louis C. Rabaut
(Grosse Pointe Park) 		Democratic January 3, 1949 –
November 12, 1961 		81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th 		Elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Died.
1953–1965
[data missing]
Vacant November 12, 1961 –
February 13, 1962 		87th

Harold M. Ryan
(Detroit) 		Democratic February 13, 1962 –
January 3, 1965 		87th
88th 		Elected to finish Rabaut's term.
Re-elected in 1962.
Lost renomination.

Lucien Nedzi
(Detroit) 		Democratic January 3, 1965 –
January 3, 1981 		89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th 		Redistricted from the 1st district and re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Retired. 		1965–1973
[data missing]
1973–1983
[data missing]

Dennis Hertel
(Harper Woods) 		Democratic January 3, 1981 –
January 3, 1993 		97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd 		Elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Retired.
1983–1993
[data missing]

John Conyers
(Detroit) 		Democratic January 3, 1993 –
January 3, 2013 		103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th
112th 		Redistricted from the 1st district and re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Redistricted to the 13th district. 		1993–2003
2003–2013

Gary Peters
(Bloomfield Township) 		Democratic January 3, 2013 –
January 3, 2015 		113th Redistricted from the 9th district and re-elected in 2012.
Retired to run for U.S. senator. 		2013–2023

Brenda Lawrence
(Southfield) 		Democratic January 3, 2015 –
January 3, 2023 		114th
115th
116th
117th 		Elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Redistricted to the 12th district and retired.
District eliminated January 3, 2023

Recent election results

[edit]

2012

[edit]
Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2012[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Gary Peters (incumbent) 270,450 82.3
Republican John Hauler 51,395 15.6
Libertarian Leonard Schwartz 3,968 1.2
Green Douglas Campbell 2,979 0.9
Total votes 328,792 100.0
Democratic hold

2014

[edit]
Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2014[13]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Brenda Lawrence 165,272 77.8
Republican Christina Barr 41,801 19.7
Libertarian Leonard Schwartz 3,366 1.6
Green Stephen Boyle 1,999 0.9
Independent Calvin Pruden (write-in) 30 0.0
Total votes 212,468 100.0
Democratic hold

2016

[edit]
Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2016 [14]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Brenda Lawrence (incumbent) 244,135 78.5
Republican Howard Klausner 58,103 18.7
Libertarian Gregory Creswell 4,893 1.6
Green Marcia Squier 3,843 1.2
Total votes 310,974 100.0
Democratic hold

2018

[edit]
Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2018[15]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Brenda Lawrence (incumbent) 214,334 80.9
Republican Marc Herschfus 45,899 17.3
Working Class Philip Kolodny 4,761 1.8
Total votes 264,994 100.0
Democratic hold

2020

[edit]
Michigan's 14th congressional district, 2020[16]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Brenda Lawrence (incumbent) 271,370 79.3
Republican Robert Patrick 62,664 18.3
Libertarian Lisa Lane Gioia 3,737 1.1
Working Class Philip Kolody 2,534 0.7
Green Clyde Shabazz 1,998 0.6
Total votes 342,303 100.0
Democratic hold

Historical district boundaries

[edit]
1993 - 2003
2003 - 2013

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Our District". Congresswoman Brenda Lawrence. December 4, 2012.
  2. ^ "Michigan Legislature - Section 3.63". www.legislature.mi.gov. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  3. ^ "2020 Census: Apportionment of the U.S. House of Representatives".
  4. ^ Skelley, Geoffrey (April 26, 2021). "Which States Won — And Lost — Seats In The 2020 Census?". Five Thirty Eight. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  5. ^ "Previous Election Information - General Information". State of Michigan. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  6. ^ Almanac of American Politics, 1980 Edition, p. 444
  7. ^ "Public Sector Consultants file on redistricting after the 1990 census in Michigan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  8. ^ Based on facefinder report from United States census, along with impressions from several local news articles on Hamtramck
  9. ^ "Census Data".
  10. ^ "Detroit News 2012 primary report". Archived from the original on August 23, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  11. ^ Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present Archived April 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Representatives 1837-2003, Michigan Manual 2003-2004
  12. ^ "2012 Michigan House Results". Politico.
  13. ^ "2014 Michigan Official General Election Results - 11/04/2014".
  14. ^ "2016 Michigan Election Results - Official Results". Michigan Department of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  15. ^ Johnson, Cheryl L. (February 28, 2019). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 2018". Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  16. ^ "2020 Michigan Election Results Official". Michigan Secretary of State. Retrieved November 23, 2020.

References

[edit]

42°23′21″N 82°55′19″W / 42.38917°N 82.92194°W / 42.38917; -82.92194

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