Fiann Paul: Difference between revisions

Fiann Paul
CGeog, Hon.MM
Fiann Paul CGeog, Hon.MM
Born	Paweł Pietrzak; 15 August 1980 (age 44); Warsaw, Poland
Citizenship	Polish, Icelandic
Education	C. G. Jung Institute, Zürich (Jungian Analyst)
Awards	Ocean Explorers Grand Slam (2019)
Website	fiannpaul.com'; rowlaughexplore.com

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Fiann Paul (born Paweł Pietrzak; 15 August 1980) is a Polish-Icelandic explorer known for his exploits in ocean rowing.^[1]

Paul is the fastest ocean rower (2016) and the most record-breaking ocean rower (2017). In 2019, he led the first human-powered transit (by rowing) across the Drake Passage, and the first human-powered expedition on the Southern Ocean. As of 2020, he is the first and only person to achieve the Ocean Explorers Grand Slam, performing open-water crossings on each of the five oceans using human-powered vessels.

Early life and education

Fiann Paul was born Paweł Pietrzak on 15 August 1980 in Warsaw, Poland.^[2] In the mid-2000s, he moved from his native Poland to Iceland and became an Icelandic citizen,^[3] changing his name to Fiann Paul.^[4] He currently lives in Reykjavík.^[5]

In 2021, Paul completed training to become a Jungian Analyst at the C.G. Jung institute in Zürich.^[6]^[1] His main focus is the psychology of ultra endurance performance and the psychological dynamics within the psyche of explorers and endurance athletes.^[7]

Ocean rowing

Fiann Paul has crossed all five oceans in an unsupported human-powered^[8] row boat with world-record-breaking speed, setting the overall speed records for the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Arctic Oceans. He achieved the only human-powered crossing of the Southern Ocean and, as a result, no speed record was adjudicated due to lack of competition.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Paul achieved the highest success rate in the history of ocean rowing, measuring the number of attempted-speed-records to successful expeditions.^[12]^[13]^[14] He was on stroke position for each row,^[15]^[16] the role that sets the boat's pace. His total effort performed in ocean rowing was compared to consecutively running approximately 300 marathons.^[17]^[18] In an interview with The Washington Times, he mentioned that his resting heart rate during off-shift times throughout the record-breaking crossings was 95 BPM, almost twice the normal resting heart rate.^[10]

Rowing History

2011

In 2011, Paul acted as a stroke of Sara G which earned the title of "the Fastest Boat in ocean rowing history", established an overall speed record for the Atlantic Ocean, and won the Blue Riband Trophy of Ocean Rowing.^[19]^[20]

2014, 2 oceans

In 2014, Paul became the first person to simultaneously hold overall speed records for the fastest rowing across 2 oceans (Atlantic and Indian).^[21] In addition to another collision, this time with a blue whale, the critical steering cable broke, which forced the crew to manually steer the boat. After sustaining injuries passing through a hurricane, the crew narrowed down to only 3 rowers.^[22]

2016, 3 oceans

In 2016, Paul became the only rower ever to achieve all three overall speed records (Atlantic, Indian, Mid-Pacific) and the only rower to hold all three records simultaneously.^[23] The achievement was recognized by Guinness World Records.^[24]

2017, 4 oceans

In 2017, Paul rowed the Arctic Ocean, becoming the first person to row 4 oceans and earning the Arctic Ocean overall speed record.^[10]^[25] Polar Row I broke the existing Arctic Ocean record by a factor of 3.5, despite being buffeted by headwinds 60% of the time according to Paul.^[26] Guinness World Records certified Paul to be "First to row 4 Oceans" and "First to hold current speed records on all 4 oceans".^[10]

2019, Ocean Explorers Grand Slam and "The Impossible Row"

The Antarctic or "Impossible" Row was conceived in April 2017.^[27]^[28] Upon completion of Polar Row II in August 2017, in an interview with The New York Times, Paul vowed he would row an even more difficult route.^[29] In September 2017, Paul recruited the first team members, Andrew Towne and Jamie Douglas-Hamilton. The row was initially scheduled for December 2018 but was postponed due to lack of availability of an assisting vessel. In January 2019 he recruited Cameron Bellamy and John Petersen, and Colin O'Brady in April 2019. O'Brady joined the project without prior rowing, ocean rowing, or seafaring experience to serve as first mate and aid the project financially.^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]

The row took 12 days, 1 hour and 45 minutes, with the team experiencing sub-zero temperatures, snow, hail, and giant ice bergs unique to Antarctica.^[35] The row was completed on December 25, 2019, with the team accomplishing three historical feats: being the first to row across the Drake Passage, the first to row to the Antarctic, and the first to row in the Southern Ocean.^[36] The row was the subject of a 2020 Discovery Channel documentary, The Impossible Row.^[37]

Honors and accolades

In 2019, Fiann Paul was appointed a coordinator for Ocean Rowing Society International, the governing body for international ocean rowing.^[38]

In 2020, he was awarded an Honorary Master Mariner from the Association of Master Mariners at the Gdynia Maritime University in Gdynia, Poland. Master Mariner is the highest seafarer qualification, and in Poland, one needs to study for approximately 8 years to achieve this qualification.^[39]^[40]

In 2021, Paul pro-bono developed a geodatabase that documents the history of human-power ocean exploration.^[41]

Other Honors and Awards

Blue Riband Trophy of Ocean Rowing, 2011^[42]^[43]
Winner of the Great Pacific Race in classic class, 2016^[44]
Winner of the Great Pacific Race in all classes (against open class), 2016^[45]
Oars of Anders Svedlund from friends and family of Anders Svedlund^[46]
Diploma from Military Personnel of Jan Mayen for accomplishments in ocean rowing^[46]

World Records

Guinness World's Firsts

Pioneering and explorations Guinness World's First titles

First to row 4 oceans, 2017^[10]
First to row the Arctic Ocean open waters south to north^[47]
First recorded complete human-powered crossing of the Barents Sea, 2017^[48]
First to row the Arctic Ocean open waters north to south, 2017^[47]
First recorded complete human-powered crossing of the Greenland Sea, 2017^[25]
First to row the Arctic Ocean in both directions, 2017^[1]
First to row across the Drake Passage, 2019^[49]
First to row on the Southern Ocean, 2019^[50]
First to row to the Antarctic continent, 2019^[51]
First to row in both Polar Regions, 2019^[52]
First to row on 5 oceans (first to complete Ocean Explorers Grand Slam), 2019^[53]^[54]^[55]

Other Performance Guinness World's First titles

First person to hold simultaneous overall^{[note 1]} speed Guinness World Records for ocean rowing all three oceans (hat-trick): 2016^[44]
First person to twice hold three simultaneous overall ocean rowing speed records on different oceans (hat-trick): 2017^[58]
First to hold current speed records on 4 oceans, 2017^[10]

Guinness Mosts

Accumulative Guinness World Records for total number of accomplishments in Ocean Rowing

Most ocean rowing speed records held simultaneously on different oceans (3), 2016^[59]
Most ocean rowing speed records held simultaneously on different oceans, (4), 2017^[59]
Most ocean rowing overall speed records within two consecutive years (2), 2017^[59]
Most Polar Open Water rows completed by a rower (3), 2019^[53]^[54]
Most latitude records held by a rower (6), 2019^[53]^[54]

Overall Speed Guinness World Records

Fastest crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, 2011^[19]
Fastest crossing of the Indian Ocean, 2014^[1]
Fastest crossing of the Mid-Pacific Ocean, 2016^[60]
Fastest crossing of the Arctic Ocean, 2017^[10]

Other Speed Guinness World Records

Highest consecutive number of days rowed a distance over 100 miles a day (12 days), 2011^[61]
Fastest row across the Indian Ocean by a team, 2014^[62]

Geographical Guinness World Records

Latitude Guinness World Records

Northernmost latitude (78°15'20'' N) reached by a rowing vessel, 2017^[10]
Northernmost departure point (78°13' N), 2017^[1]
Northernmost latitude reached by a rowing vessel (Arctic ice pack edge - 79°55'50'' N), 2017^[1]
The southernmost start of a rowing expedition, 55° 58′ S^[53]^[54]
The southernmost latitude reached by a rowing vessel, 64°14′S^[53]^[54]

Longest distance Guinness World Records

The longest distance rowed on the Arctic Ocean Open Waters within one expedition, 2017^[47]
Longest distance rowed by a crew on the Indian Ocean, 2014^[63]
Longest aggregated distance rowed in the Polar Open Water.^[53]^[54]

Ocean Rowing World Records

Most record-breaking ocean rower^[1]
Most record-breaking ocean crossing, 2017^[64]
Fastest ocean rowing boat in history as compared to the average speed of any row on any ocean, 2011^[20]

Other world records

Most record-breaking expedition in history, 2017^[64]

Notes

^ Overall speed record in ocean rowing stands for the fastest crossing regardless of any additional criteria such as number and type of the crew, class of the boat, hull type, race, exact departure and arrival points, departure date etc. Average overall speed is calculated and compared. The distance used for the overall speed calculation is the straight line distance between the departure and the arrival points, while the actual distance rowed and the actual average speed is usually much higher^[56]^[57]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Ocean Explorer (and Psychoanalyst) Fiann Paul Explains How To Use Frustration as Fuel". Men's Journal. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^ Łysiak, Mateusz (28 October 2021). "Polak najbardziej utytułowanym eksploratorem na świecie. Jak wygląda życie Fianna Paula?". National Geographic Polska (in Polish).
^ "Three Icelandic World Records in a Row(er)". Iceland Review. 5 August 2016.
^ Kubaszewski, Tomasz (10 April 2010). "Suwalczanka podbiła Islandię" (in Polish). Gazeta Współczesna.
^ Berger, Paul (12 November 2020). "World's Explorers, Hemmed In by Pandemic, Offer Tips for Coping With Lockdown". WSJ. The Wall Street Journal.
^ "Íslendingur á nú heimsmet í róðri á þremur úthöfum". Frettatiminn. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ "Framúrskarandi fólk með persónuleikaraskanir". www.mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 October 2019.
^ Heaton, Jason (20 October 2017). "Ben Saunders on His Hardest Mission Yet". Outside Online. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ Esporte Espetacular | Corrida of the Pacific | Brazilian National TV Globo. (in Brazilian Portuguese), archived from the original on 9 July 2018, retrieved 13 April 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "'Polar Row' exploration team smashes world records in icy north". The Washington Times. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
^ "Impossible Row team achieve first ever row across the Drake Passage". Guinness World Records. 27 December 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
^ "Statistics of rows across oceans 2011". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
^ "Statistics of rows across oceans 2014". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
^ "Statistics of rows across oceans 2016". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
^ "Fastest boat in ocean rowing history". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
^ "Ocean Row Events – Hall of Fame". oceanrowevents.com. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
^ "Setti heimsmet: Eins og að hlaupa tvö maraþon á dag í mánuð – Reynir á líkama og sál". Pressan. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ "Hættu við síðasta spottann". Retrieved 3 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b McEvoy and Reidy, Blaine and Darren (May 2011). "Records Book". Men's Journal. 20 (4).
^ ^a ^b "Fastest Boat in Ocean Rowing history". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
^ Kaaber, Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir (14 August 2014). "Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland". Iceland Review. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ Kaaber, Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir (14 August 2014). "Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland". Iceland Review. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ Boyd, Marc (12 July 2016). "Team Uniting Nations on Pace To Shatter A World Record in Rowing | Huffington Post, UK". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
^ "Race Results 2016 – Great Pacific Race". Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Polar Row world records, Guinness Adjudicators website". oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ "Travel Today with Peter Greenberg – The Azamara Pursuit's Maiden Voyage". BlogTalkRadio. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
^ NJ.com, Mark Di Ionno | NJ Advance Media for (2 August 2017). "Jersey guy takes on challenge of rowing across the Arctic Ocean | Di Ionno". nj. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ "Antarctic Row, rowing across Drake Passage — Fiann Paul, Ocean Rower". Row Laugh Explore. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ Specia, Megan (28 August 2017). "Stranded on Norwegian Island, Rowers End Their Arctic Mission". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ 27 November 2019 - 11am, Brad E. Schlossman / Forum News Service | (27 November 2019). "Discovery Channel to follow former North Dakota, current Minnesota resident's attempt to be first to row across Drake Passage to Antarctica". Duluth News Tribune. Retrieved 28 March 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "Cameron Bellamy (2000B) completes The Impossible Row". Bishops OD Alumni Network. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ Jones, Michael. "UQ graduate conquers The Impossible Row". stories.uq.edu.au. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ "History made: Oakland man among first to cross most dangerous waters". East Bay Times. 9 February 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ "The Impossible Row: Across the Drake". Oceanographic. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ "Skynvilla á suðurskautinu". www.mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ "'The Impossible Row'. Historic first row of the Southern Ocean". World Rowing. 17 January 2020.
^ Desk, TV News. "THE IMPOSSIBLE ROW Airs on Discovery This December". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^ "About Us". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
^ "Honorary Master Mariner — Fiann Paul, Ocean Rower". Row Laugh Explore. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
^ "Terra Australis Incognita" (PDF). Explorers Log. 52: cover page and 26–27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
^ "How Should We Classify River and Ocean Expeditions?". Explorersweb. 13 April 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^ "Irish pair setting records on Sara G". The Irish Times. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
^ "ocean rowing world records blue riband trophy". www.oceanrowing.com. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Race Results 2016 – Great Pacific Race". Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ Hafstad, Vala (5 August 2016). "Three Icelandic World Records in a Row(er)". Iceland Review. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Manhood is my theme". Retrieved 3 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "ocean rowing society international". oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
^ "Arctic rowers breaking world records on epic voyage". ITV News. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
^ "First row across the Drake Passage". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^ "First row on the Southern Ocean". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^ "First Row to Antarctic continent". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^ "First person to row in open waters of both Polar Regions". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Impossible Row team achieve first ever row across the Drake Passage". Guinness World Records. 27 December 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Antarctica-row-records". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
^ "First person to achieve the Ocean Explorers Grand Slam (row on 5 oceans)". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^ "Record Standard". Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^ "Record Standard 2". Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^ "First person to twice hold three simultaneous overall ocean rowing speed records on different oceans". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Most ocean rowing overall speed records within two consecutive years". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
^ Camozzi, Rosemary Howe (21 July 2016). "The 3 Toughest Parts of Paddling the Pacific". Outside Magazine, USA. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
^ "Rowing Atlantic Ocean Sara G". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-30.
^ "Indian Ocean rows". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ "World Records 2014". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Freezing Temps and Rotting Hands: Speaking With the Men of the Record-Breaking Polar Row Expedition". Men's Journal. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

External links

[note3-58] Overall speed record in ocean rowing stands for the fastest crossing regardless of any additional criteria such as number and type of the crew, class of the boat, hull type, race, exact departure and arrival points, departure date etc. Average overall speed is calculated and compared. The distance used for the overall speed calculation is the straight line distance between the departure and the arrival points, while the actual distance rowed and the actual average speed is usually much higher^[56]^[57]

[:36-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Ocean Explorer (and Psychoanalyst) Fiann Paul Explains How To Use Frustration as Fuel". Men's Journal. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.

[2] Łysiak, Mateusz (28 October 2021). "Polak najbardziej utytułowanym eksploratorem na świecie. Jak wygląda życie Fianna Paula?". National Geographic Polska (in Polish).

[3] "Three Icelandic World Records in a Row(er)". Iceland Review. 5 August 2016.

[4] Kubaszewski, Tomasz (10 April 2010). "Suwalczanka podbiła Islandię" (in Polish). Gazeta Współczesna.

[5] Berger, Paul (12 November 2020). "World's Explorers, Hemmed In by Pandemic, Offer Tips for Coping With Lockdown". WSJ. The Wall Street Journal.

[6] "Íslendingur á nú heimsmet í róðri á þremur úthöfum". Frettatiminn. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.

[7] "Framúrskarandi fólk með persónuleikaraskanir". www.mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 21 October 2019.

[8] Heaton, Jason (20 October 2017). "Ben Saunders on His Hardest Mission Yet". Outside Online. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

[:122-9] Esporte Espetacular | Corrida of the Pacific | Brazilian National TV Globo. (in Brazilian Portuguese), archived from the original on 9 July 2018, retrieved 13 April 2017

[:102-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "'Polar Row' exploration team smashes world records in icy north". The Washington Times. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[:252-11] "Impossible Row team achieve first ever row across the Drake Passage". Guinness World Records. 27 December 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2020.

[12] "Statistics of rows across oceans 2011". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

[13] "Statistics of rows across oceans 2014". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

[14] "Statistics of rows across oceans 2016". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

[15] "Fastest boat in ocean rowing history". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

[16] "Ocean Row Events – Hall of Fame". oceanrowevents.com. Retrieved 31 October 2016.

[17] "Setti heimsmet: Eins og að hlaupa tvö maraþon á dag í mánuð – Reynir á líkama og sál". Pressan. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

[18] "Hættu við síðasta spottann". Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[:110-19] McEvoy and Reidy, Blaine and Darren (May 2011). "Records Book". Men's Journal. 20 (4).

[:02-20] "Fastest Boat in Ocean Rowing history". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[:210-21] Kaaber, Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir (14 August 2014). "Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland". Iceland Review. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

[22] Kaaber, Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir (14 August 2014). "Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland". Iceland Review. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

[23] Boyd, Marc (12 July 2016). "Team Uniting Nations on Pace To Shatter A World Record in Rowing | Huffington Post, UK". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 21 September 2016.

[24] "Race Results 2016 – Great Pacific Race". Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.

[:142-25] "Polar Row world records, Guinness Adjudicators website". oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[26] "Travel Today with Peter Greenberg – The Azamara Pursuit's Maiden Voyage". BlogTalkRadio. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.

[27] NJ.com, Mark Di Ionno | NJ Advance Media for (2 August 2017). "Jersey guy takes on challenge of rowing across the Arctic Ocean | Di Ionno". nj. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[:312-28] "Antarctic Row, rowing across Drake Passage — Fiann Paul, Ocean Rower". Row Laugh Explore. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[29] Specia, Megan (28 August 2017). "Stranded on Norwegian Island, Rowers End Their Arctic Mission". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[30] 27 November 2019 - 11am, Brad E. Schlossman / Forum News Service | (27 November 2019). "Discovery Channel to follow former North Dakota, current Minnesota resident's attempt to be first to row across Drake Passage to Antarctica". Duluth News Tribune. Retrieved 28 March 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[31] "Cameron Bellamy (2000B) completes The Impossible Row". Bishops OD Alumni Network. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[32] Jones, Michael. "UQ graduate conquers The Impossible Row". stories.uq.edu.au. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[33] "History made: Oakland man among first to cross most dangerous waters". East Bay Times. 9 February 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[:342-34] "The Impossible Row: Across the Drake". Oceanographic. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[35] "Skynvilla á suðurskautinu". www.mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[36] "'The Impossible Row'. Historic first row of the Southern Ocean". World Rowing. 17 January 2020.

[37] Desk, TV News. "THE IMPOSSIBLE ROW Airs on Discovery This December". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[38] "About Us". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.

[39] "Honorary Master Mariner — Fiann Paul, Ocean Rower". Row Laugh Explore. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

[:0-40] "Terra Australis Incognita" (PDF). Explorers Log. 52: cover page and 26–27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.

[explorersweb.com-41] "How Should We Classify River and Ocean Expeditions?". Explorersweb. 13 April 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.

[42] "Irish pair setting records on Sara G". The Irish Times. Retrieved 13 April 2017.

[43] "ocean rowing world records blue riband trophy". www.oceanrowing.com. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

[Race_Results_2016_-_Great_Pacific_Race2-44] "Race Results 2016 – Great Pacific Race". Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

[45] Hafstad, Vala (5 August 2016). "Three Icelandic World Records in a Row(er)". Iceland Review. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2016.

[:62-46] "Manhood is my theme". Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[:42-47] "ocean rowing society international". oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2018.

[ITV_News2-48] "Arctic rowers breaking world records on epic voyage". ITV News. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

[49] "First row across the Drake Passage". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

[50] "First row on the Southern Ocean". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

[51] "First Row to Antarctic continent". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

[52] "First person to row in open waters of both Polar Regions". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

[:292-53] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Impossible Row team achieve first ever row across the Drake Passage". Guinness World Records. 27 December 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2020.

[:302-54] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Antarctica-row-records". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

[55] "First person to achieve the Ocean Explorers Grand Slam (row on 5 oceans)". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

[56] "Record Standard". Retrieved 29 September 2016.

[57] "Record Standard 2". Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.

[:212-59] "First person to twice hold three simultaneous overall ocean rowing speed records on different oceans". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 24 May 2018.

[:222-60] "Most ocean rowing overall speed records within two consecutive years". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 24 May 2018.

[Camozzi2-61] Camozzi, Rosemary Howe (21 July 2016). "The 3 Toughest Parts of Paddling the Pacific". Outside Magazine, USA. Retrieved 15 September 2016.

[62] "Rowing Atlantic Ocean Sara G". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-30.

[63] "Indian Ocean rows". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

[64] "World Records 2014". www.oceanrowing.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

[:52-65] "Freezing Temps and Rotting Hands: Speaking With the Men of the Record-Breaking Polar Row Expedition". Men's Journal. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Icelandic explorer, athlete and artist}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}{{Infobox person
+{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
+{{Infobox person
 | name               = Fiann Paul
-| honorific_suffix   = [[FRGS]], [[Royal Geographical Society#Chartered geographer|CGeog]], [[EUR ING]], [[Title of honor|Hon]].[[Master mariner|MM]], [[FRSA]]
+| honorific_suffix   = [[Royal Geographical Society#Chartered geographer|CGeog]], [[Title of honor|Hon]].[[Master mariner|MM]]
 | image              = Fiann Paul portrait 2020.jpg
 | caption            =
@@ Line 11: / Line 12: @@
 | death_place        =
 | citizenship        = Polish, Icelandic
-| education          = [[Poznań University of Technology]] ([[Master of Architecture|M.Arch]])<br />[[C. G. Jung Institute, Zürich]] ([[Analytical psychology|Jungian Analyst]])
+| education          = [[C. G. Jung Institute, Zürich]] ([[Analytical psychology|Jungian Analyst]])
 | occupation         =
 | known_for          =
 | boards             =
-| awards             = [[Ocean Explorers Grand Slam]] (2019)<br />[[Royal Geographical Society#Chartered geographer|Chartered Geographer]] (2021)
+| awards             = [[Ocean Explorers Grand Slam]] (2019)
 | website            = {{URL|fiannpaul.com|}}'<br />{{URL|rowlaughexplore.com}}
 }}
-'''Fiann Paul''' (born '''Paweł Pietrzak'''; 15 August 1980) is a Polish-Icelandic explorer known for his exploits in [[ocean rowing]].<ref name=":36">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=Ocean Explorer (and Psychoanalyst) Fiann Paul Explains How To Use Frustration as Fuel |url=https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/record-smashing-ocean-rower-fiann-paul-on-using-frustration-as-fuel/ |access-date=2021-07-03 |website=Men's Journal |language=en-us}}</ref>
+'''Fiann Paul''' (born '''Paweł Pietrzak'''; 15 August 1980) is a Polish-Icelandic explorer known for his exploits in [[ocean rowing]].<ref name=":36">{{Cite news |date=2021-02-23 |title=Ocean Explorer (and Psychoanalyst) Fiann Paul Explains How To Use Frustration as Fuel |url=https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/record-smashing-ocean-rower-fiann-paul-on-using-frustration-as-fuel/ |access-date=2021-07-03 |website=Men's Journal |language=en-us}}</ref>
 Paul is the fastest ocean rower (2016) and the most record-breaking ocean rower (2017). In 2019, he led the first [[Human-powered watercraft|human-powered transit]] (by rowing) across the [[Drake Passage]], and the first human-powered expedition on the [[Southern Ocean]]. As of 2020, he is the first and only person to achieve the [[Ocean Explorers Grand Slam]], performing open-water crossings on each of the five oceans using human-powered vessels.
 == Early life and education ==
-Fiann Paul was born Paweł Pietrzak on 15 August, 1980 in [[Warsaw]], Poland.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Łysiak |first1=Mateusz |title=Polak najbardziej utytułowanym eksploratorem na świecie. Jak wygląda życie Fianna Paula? |url=https://www.national-geographic.pl/artykul/fiann-paul |website=National Geographic Polska |language=pl-PL |date=28 October 2021}}</ref> In the mid-2000s,  he moved from his native Poland to Iceland and became an Icelandic citizen<ref>{{cite web |title=Three Icelandic World Records in a Row(er) |url=https://www.icelandreview.com/news/three-icelandic-world-records-in-a-rower/ |website=Iceland Review |date=5 August 2016}}</ref>, changing his name to Fiann Paul.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kubaszewski |first1=Tomasz |title=Suwalczanka podbiła Islandię |url=https://wspolczesna.pl/suwalczanka-podbila-islandie/ar/5711696 |publisher=Gazeta Współczesna |language=pl-PL |date=10 April 2010}}</ref> He currently lives in [[Reykjavík]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Berger |first1=Paul |title=World’s Explorers, Hemmed In by Pandemic, Offer Tips for Coping With Lockdown |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/worlds-explorers-hemmed-in-by-pandemic-discover-ways-to-cope-with-lockdown-11605199630 |website=WSJ |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
+Fiann Paul was born Paweł Pietrzak on 15 August 1980 in [[Warsaw]], Poland.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Łysiak |first1=Mateusz |title=Polak najbardziej utytułowanym eksploratorem na świecie. Jak wygląda życie Fianna Paula? |url=https://www.national-geographic.pl/artykul/fiann-paul |website=National Geographic Polska |language=pl-PL |date=28 October 2021}}</ref> In the mid-2000s,  he moved from his native Poland to Iceland and became an Icelandic citizen,<ref>{{cite web |title=Three Icelandic World Records in a Row(er) |url=https://www.icelandreview.com/news/three-icelandic-world-records-in-a-rower/ |website=Iceland Review |date=5 August 2016}}</ref> changing his name to Fiann Paul.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kubaszewski |first1=Tomasz |title=Suwalczanka podbiła Islandię |url=https://wspolczesna.pl/suwalczanka-podbila-islandie/ar/5711696 |publisher=Gazeta Współczesna |language=pl-PL |date=10 April 2010}}</ref> He currently lives in [[Reykjavík]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Berger |first1=Paul |title=World's Explorers, Hemmed In by Pandemic, Offer Tips for Coping With Lockdown |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/worlds-explorers-hemmed-in-by-pandemic-discover-ways-to-cope-with-lockdown-11605199630 |website=WSJ |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
 In 2021, Paul completed training to become a [[Jungian psychology|Jungian Analyst]] at the [[C. G. Jung Institute, Zürich|C.G. Jung institute]] in [[Zürich]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Íslendingur á nú heimsmet í róðri á þremur úthöfum |url=http://www.frettatiminn.is/heimsmet-i-rodri-a-thremur-uthofum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161024063714/http://www.frettatiminn.is/heimsmet-i-rodri-a-thremur-uthofum/ |archive-date=24 October 2016 |access-date=2016-09-14 |website=Frettatiminn |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=":36"/> His main focus is the psychology of ultra endurance performance and the psychological dynamics within the psyche of explorers and endurance athletes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Framúrskarandi fólk með persónuleikaraskanir |url=https://www.mbl.is/frettir/taekni/2019/10/13/framurskarandi_folk_med_personuleikaraskanir/ |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=www.mbl.is |language=is}}</ref>
-== Ocean Rowing ==
+== Ocean rowing ==
-Fiann Paul has crossed all five oceans in an unsupported human-powered<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heaton |first=Jason |date=2017-10-20 |title=Ben Saunders on His Hardest Mission Yet |language=en |work=Outside Online |url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2252586/ben-saunders-interview |access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref> row boat with world-record-breaking speed, setting the overall speed records for the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]], [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]] Oceans. He achieved the only human-powered crossing of the [[Southern Ocean]] and, as a result, no speed record was adjudicated due to lack of competition.<ref name=":122">{{Citation |title=Esporte Espetacular {{!}} Corrida of the Pacific {{!}} Brazilian National TV Globo.|url=https://globoplay.globo.com/v/5788596/|language=pt-br|accessdate=2017-04-13}}</ref><ref name=":102">{{Cite news  |title='Polar Row' exploration team smashes world records in icy north |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Times |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/aug/8/polar-row-exploration-team-smashes-world-records-i/ |access-date=2017-10-03}}</ref><ref name=":252">{{Cite web |date=2019-12-27 |title=Impossible Row team achieve first ever row across the Drake Passage |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2019/12/impossible-row-team-achieve-first-ever-row-across-the-drake-passage-604720 |access-date=2020-01-08 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+Fiann Paul has crossed all five oceans in an unsupported human-powered<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heaton |first=Jason |date=2017-10-20 |title=Ben Saunders on His Hardest Mission Yet |language=en |work=Outside Online |url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2252586/ben-saunders-interview |access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref> row boat with world-record-breaking speed, setting the overall speed records for the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]], [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]] Oceans. He achieved the only human-powered crossing of the [[Southern Ocean]] and, as a result, no speed record was adjudicated due to lack of competition.<ref name=":122">{{Citation|title=Esporte Espetacular {{!}} Corrida of the Pacific {{!}} Brazilian National TV Globo.|url=https://globoplay.globo.com/v/5788596/|language=pt-br|accessdate=2017-04-13|archive-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709094431/https://globoplay.globo.com/v/5788596/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":102">{{Cite news  |title='Polar Row' exploration team smashes world records in icy north |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Times |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/aug/8/polar-row-exploration-team-smashes-world-records-i/ |access-date=2017-10-03}}</ref><ref name=":252">{{Cite web |date=2019-12-27 |title=Impossible Row team achieve first ever row across the Drake Passage |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2019/12/impossible-row-team-achieve-first-ever-row-across-the-drake-passage-604720 |access-date=2020-01-08 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-Paul achieved the highest success rate in the history of ocean rowing, measuring the number of attempted-speed-records to successful expeditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics of rows across oceans 2011 |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all5.htm |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics of rows across oceans 2014 |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all6.htm |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics of rows across oceans 2016 |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all7.htm |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref> He was on [[Stroke (rowing)|stroke position]] for each row,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fastest boat in ocean rowing history |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/SaraG/photo_index.htm |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocean Row Events – Hall of Fame |url=http://oceanrowevents.com/expeditions/hall-of-fame.html |access-date=2016-10-31 |website=oceanrowevents.com}}</ref> the role that sets the boat's pace. His total effort performed in ocean rowing was compared to consecutively running approximately 300{{refn|This number refers to the days on the ocean alone while his daily training in the preparations period usually consists of rowing approximately ¾ marathon (30km) and weights training.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.adventurer.fiannpaul.com/work-out/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161213191356/http://www.adventurer.fiannpaul.com/work-out/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-12-13 |title=Row Laugh Explore: Workout |access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref>|name=note1|group=note}} marathons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Setti heimsmet: Eins og að hlaupa tvö maraþon á dag í mánuð – Reynir á líkama og sál |url=http://www.pressan.is/Frettir/Lesafrett/setti-heimsmet-eins-og-ad-hlaupa-tvo-marathon-a-dag-i-manud---reynir-a-likama-og-sal-?offset=50&page=2 |access-date=2016-08-31 |website=Pressan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Hættu við síðasta spottann |url=http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2017/08/30/haettu_vid_sidasta_spottann/ |access-date=2017-10-03}}</ref>  In an interview with ''[[The Washington Times]]'', he mentioned that his resting heart rate during off-shift times throughout the record-breaking crossings was 95 [[Heart rate|BPM]], almost twice the normal resting heart rate.<ref name=":102" />
+Paul achieved the highest success rate in the history of ocean rowing, measuring the number of attempted-speed-records to successful expeditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics of rows across oceans 2011 |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all5.htm |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=21 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321092204/http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all5.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics of rows across oceans 2014 |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all6.htm |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=18 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618141831/http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all6.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics of rows across oceans 2016 |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all7.htm |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=18 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618203134/http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/ocean_rowing_records_all7.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was on [[Stroke (rowing)|stroke position]] for each row,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fastest boat in ocean rowing history |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/SaraG/photo_index.htm |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001658/http://www.oceanrowing.com/SaraG/photo_index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocean Row Events – Hall of Fame |url=http://oceanrowevents.com/expeditions/hall-of-fame.html |access-date=2016-10-31 |website=oceanrowevents.com}}</ref> the role that sets the boat's pace. His total effort performed in ocean rowing was compared to consecutively running approximately 300 marathons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Setti heimsmet: Eins og að hlaupa tvö maraþon á dag í mánuð – Reynir á líkama og sál |url=http://www.pressan.is/Frettir/Lesafrett/setti-heimsmet-eins-og-ad-hlaupa-tvo-marathon-a-dag-i-manud---reynir-a-likama-og-sal-?offset=50&page=2 |access-date=2016-08-31 |website=Pressan |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202014409/http://www.pressan.is/Frettir/Lesafrett/setti-heimsmet-eins-og-ad-hlaupa-tvo-marathon-a-dag-i-manud---reynir-a-likama-og-sal-?offset=50&page=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Hættu við síðasta spottann |url=http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2017/08/30/haettu_vid_sidasta_spottann/ |access-date=2017-10-03}}</ref>  In an interview with ''[[The Washington Times]]'', he mentioned that his resting heart rate during off-shift times throughout the record-breaking crossings was 95 [[Heart rate|BPM]], almost twice the normal resting heart rate.<ref name=":102" />
-His record-breaking performance was listed by ''[[The Reykjavík Grapevine]]'' as one of the 7 most notable "smitings" delivered in the history of Icelandic sports. Because of this he was suspected of comradery with [[Ægir]], the [[Norse mythology|Norse]] personification of the sea.<ref>{{Cite news |last=grapevine.is |date=2017-08-11 |title=A Short History Of Iceland's Greatest Smitings - The Reykjavik Grapevine |language=en-US |work=The Reykjavik Grapevine |url=https://grapevine.is/mag/articles/2017/08/11/a-short-history-of-icelands-greatest-smitings/ |access-date=2017-10-03}}</ref> Presently, he is one of the world's most accomplished rowers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hafstad |first=Vala |date=5 August 2016 |title=Three Icelandic World Records in a Row(er) |url=http://icelandreview.com/news/2016/08/05/three-icelandic-world-records-rower |access-date=2016-08-22 |website=Iceland Review |language=en |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013942/http://icelandreview.com/news/2016/08/05/three-icelandic-world-records-rower |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Camozzi2">{{Cite web |last=Camozzi |first=Rosemary Howe |date=21 July 2016 |title=The 3 Toughest Parts of Paddling the Pacific |url=http://www.outsideonline.com/2099351/3-toughest-parts-paddling-pacific |access-date=2016-09-15 |website=Outside Magazine, USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2016 |title=Íslendingur fljótastur yfir úthöfin þrjú |url=http://www.ruv.is/frett/islendingur-fljotastur-yfir-uthofin-thrju |access-date=2016-09-18 |website=Icelandic National TV RUV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Fiann Paul – rekordzista trzech oceanów |language=pl-PL |newspaper=ICELAND NEWS |url=http://icelandnews.is/islandia/ciekawostki-islandia/fiann-paul-rekordzista-trzech-oceanow |access-date=2016-11-23}}</ref><ref name=":152">{{Cite news |title='Viking' rowers break records on epic voyage across Arctic Ocean |language=en |work=CBC News |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/arctic-ocean-polar-row-1.4240362 |access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref>
 === Rowing History ===
 ==== 2011 ====
-In 2011, Paul acted as a stroke of [[Sara G]] which earned the title of "the Fastest Boat in ocean rowing history", established an overall speed record for the Atlantic Ocean and won the Blue Riband Trophy of Ocean Rowing.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal |last=McEvoy and Reidy |first=Blaine and Darren |date=May 2011 |title=Records Book |url=http://www.mensjournal.com/ |journal=Men's Journal |volume=20 |issue=4}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Fastest Boat in Ocean Rowing history |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/ORS_Archive/ORS_archive_2011.htm#Matt_Cr |access-date=2017-10-03 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref> Their course, ''The Atlantic Trade Winds I'' is the most competitive ocean rowing route,<ref name="oceanrowing.com2">{{Cite web |title=ocean rowing across Atlantic speed record |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/Blue_Riband_Trophy.htm |access-date=2018-05-24 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref> sought by rowing legends such as [[James Cracknell|James Cracknell OBE]], and endurance athletes such as [[Mark Beaumont (cyclist)|Mark Beaumont BEM]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=statistics |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/1empty_stats.htm |access-date=2017-10-03 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-29 |title=Atlantic Odyssey: Exclusive first hand account of how a world record attempt ended in near disaster {{!}} Mark Beaumont {{!}} Independent Editor's choice Blogs|url=http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/02/23/atlantic-odyssey-exclusive-first-hand-account-of-how-a-world-record-attempt-ended-in-near-disaster/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729090528/http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/02/23/atlantic-odyssey-exclusive-first-hand-account-of-how-a-world-record-attempt-ended-in-near-disaster/|archive-date=2012-07-29|access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Through Hell & High Water |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0778576/ |others=James Cracknell, Ben Fogle, Julia Foster |accessdate=2018-03-24}}</ref>
+In 2011, Paul acted as a stroke of ''[[Sara G]]'' which earned the title of "the Fastest Boat in ocean rowing history", established an overall speed record for the Atlantic Ocean, and won the Blue Riband Trophy of Ocean Rowing.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal |last=McEvoy and Reidy |first=Blaine and Darren |date=May 2011 |title=Records Book |url=http://www.mensjournal.com/ |journal=Men's Journal |volume=20 |issue=4}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Fastest Boat in Ocean Rowing history |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/ORS_Archive/ORS_archive_2011.htm#Matt_Cr |access-date=2017-10-03 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=27 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827143402/http://oceanrowing.com/ORS_Archive/ORS_archive_2011.htm#Matt_Cr |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 ==== 2014, 2 oceans ====
-In 2014, Paul became the first person to simultaneously hold overall speed records for the fastest rowing across 2 oceans (Atlantic and Indian).<ref name=":210">{{Cite web |last=Kaaber |first=Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir |date=14 August 2014 |title=Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland |url=http://icelandreview.com/news/2014/08/14/ocean-rower-sets-four-world-records-iceland |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=Iceland Review |language=en}}</ref> Throughout his career, Paul broke four oars. Three were destroyed in maritime storms and the fourth was shattered during an evacuation mission on the Indian Ocean aboard Avalon, when a tanker, Nordic River<ref>{{Cite web |title=WELCOME TO "K" Line Ship Management (India), AKB(Akashi Bridge), FTR (Fountain River), FUJ (Fujikawa). |url=http://www.klsmindia.com/NORDIC_RIVER_rescued_an_injured_adventurer_from_Indian_Ocean.html |access-date=2018-03-23 |website=www.klsmindia.com}}</ref> arrived to save an injured crew member, yet began to pull the small craft disastrously into its propeller, five times the height of the boat itself. The oar broke in Paul's hands while pushing the rowers’ boat away from the tanker, saving the crew from collision, as the crew radioed the tanker to cut its engines just in time.<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |title=News, fréttir, Fréttatíminn, Iceland, Newspaper |url=https://issuu.com/frettatiminn/docs/22_08_2014_lr/32 |access-date=2016-09-01}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite journal |last=Steinarsdóttir |first=Steingerður |date=September 2014 |title=Einn á úthafinu og leiðist aldrei |journal=Vikan Magazine |volume=36}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.rowlaughexplore.com/ |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=Row Laugh Explore |language=en-US}}</ref>
+In 2014, Paul became the first person to simultaneously hold overall speed records for the fastest rowing across 2 oceans (Atlantic and Indian).<ref name=":210">{{Cite web |last=Kaaber |first=Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir |date=14 August 2014 |title=Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland |url=http://icelandreview.com/news/2014/08/14/ocean-rower-sets-four-world-records-iceland |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=Iceland Review |language=en}}</ref> In addition to another collision, this time with a [[blue whale]], the critical steering cable broke, which forced the crew to manually steer the boat. After sustaining injuries passing through a hurricane, the crew narrowed down to only 3 rowers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaaber |first=Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir |date=2014-08-14 |title=Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland |language=en |work=Iceland Review |url=http://icelandreview.com/news/2014/08/14/ocean-rower-sets-four-world-records-iceland |access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref>
-In addition to another collision, this time with a [[blue whale]], the critical steering cable broke, which forced the crew to manually steer the boat, thereby reducing the rowing deck to two rowers per shift; half of what it is designed for. Finally, after sustaining injuries passing through a hurricane, the crew narrowed down to only 3 rowers in total (1.5 per shift), who had to power a 2-ton heavy boat designed to be rowed by 8. The incomplete crew had to row 2:40hr on, 1:20hr off shifts instead of the standard 2h:2h pattern in order to maintain their course. This extreme challenge put crew members into a lengthy [[delirium]], lasting many days due to severe exhaustion and sleep deprivation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaaber |first=Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir |date=2014-08-14 |title=Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland |language=en |work=Iceland Review |url=http://icelandreview.com/news/2014/08/14/ocean-rower-sets-four-world-records-iceland |access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref>
 ==== 2016, 3 oceans ====
-In 2016, Paul became the only rower ever to achieve all three overall speed records (Atlantic, Indian, Mid-Pacific) and the only rower to hold all three records simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Educator |first1=Marc Boyd |last2=Businessman |last3=Columnist |first3=Freelance |date=12 July 2016 |title=Team Uniting Nations on Pace To Shatter A World Record in Rowing {{!}} Huffington Post, UK|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marc-boyd/team-uniting-nations-on-p_b_10930774.html|access-date=2016-09-21|website=The Huffington Post}}</ref> Upon this achievement, he was awarded by Guinness World Records the title of "''The first person to hold simultaneous overall speed records for ocean rowing all three oceans''",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race Results 2016 – Great Pacific Race |url=http://greatpacificrace.com/race-results-2016/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825172544/http://greatpacificrace.com/race-results-2016/ |archive-date=25 August 2016 |access-date=2016-08-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> one of the highest honors in the history of ocean rowing.
+In 2016, Paul became the only rower ever to achieve all three overall speed records (Atlantic, Indian, Mid-Pacific) and the only rower to hold all three records simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyd |first=Marc |date=12 July 2016 |title=Team Uniting Nations on Pace To Shatter A World Record in Rowing {{!}} Huffington Post, UK|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marc-boyd/team-uniting-nations-on-p_b_10930774.html|access-date=2016-09-21|website=The Huffington Post}}</ref> The achievement was recognized by Guinness World Records.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race Results 2016 – Great Pacific Race |url=http://greatpacificrace.com/race-results-2016/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825172544/http://greatpacificrace.com/race-results-2016/ |archive-date=25 August 2016 |access-date=2016-08-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>
 ==== 2017, 4 oceans ====
+In 2017, Paul rowed the Arctic Ocean, becoming the first person to row 4 oceans and earning the Arctic Ocean overall speed record.<ref name=":102" /><ref name=":142">{{Cite web |title=Polar Row world records, Guinness Adjudicators website |url=http://oceanrowing.com/polar_row2017.htm |access-date=2017-12-13 |website=oceanrowing.com |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227214120/http://oceanrowing.com/Polar_row2017.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Polar Row I'' broke the existing Arctic Ocean record by a factor of 3.5, despite being buffeted by headwinds 60% of the time according to Paul.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2018 |title=Travel Today with Peter Greenberg – The Azamara Pursuit's Maiden Voyage |url=https://www.blogtalkradio.com/traveltoday-with-peter-greenberg/2018/09/05/travel-today-with-peter-greenberg-the-azamara-pursuits-maiden-voyage |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=BlogTalkRadio}}</ref> Guinness World Records certified Paul to be "First to row 4 Oceans" and "First to hold current speed records on all 4 oceans".<ref name=":102" />
-In 2017 he expanded his title by rowing the Arctic Ocean, becoming the first person to row 4 oceans and earning the Arctic Ocean overall speed record.
-In order to receive a permit to row to Svalbard, Paul needed to apply to the [[Governor of Svalbard]], to introduce an evaluation of the chances and the team's ability to accomplish the expedition. Paul estimated an average speed for the expedition of 2.7 Knots. The Governor's representative declared the claim a bluff, due to the present Arctic Ocean rowing overall speed record being 0.7 Knots and that small sail boats average 4 Knots. Thus, they pressed the highest possible insurance bond, which became the biggest element of the expedition budget. The accuracy of the [[Estimated time of arrival|ETA]] declared by Paul deviated by 4h. As per plan, the rowers flawlessly caught the rising [[tide]] of the 108&nbsp;km long [[Isfjorden (Svalbard)|Icy Fjord]] off of Longyearbyen.<ref>{{Cite news |last=AS |first=Svalbardposten |title=Fremme i Longyearbyen |language=no |work=Svalbardposten |url=http://svalbardposten.no/nyheter/fremme-i-longyearbyen/19.8730 |access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref><ref name=":102" /><ref name=":142">{{Cite web |title=Polar Row world records, Guinness Adjudicators website |url=http://oceanrowing.com/polar_row2017.htm |access-date=2017-12-13 |website=oceanrowing.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Longyearbyen tide times |url=https://www.tideschart.com/Svalbard-and-Jan-Mayen/Svalbard/Spitsbergen/Longyearbyen/ |access-date=2019-06-27 |website=tideschart.com}}</ref>
-The Polar Row I was the biggest record demolition in the history of ocean rowing: the existing Arctic Ocean record was broken by 3.5 times, despite the Polar Row I team being buffeted by headwinds 60% of the time.<ref name=":182">{{Cite web |title=earth :: a global map of wind, weather, and ocean conditions |url=https://earth.nullschool.net/#2017/07/20/1200Z/wind/surface/level/orthographic=-3.71,72.51,1277 |access-date=2018-03-23 |website=earth.nullschool.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Travel Today with Peter Greenberg – The Azamara Pursuit's Maiden Voyage |url=https://www.blogtalkradio.com/traveltoday-with-peter-greenberg/2018/09/05/travel-today-with-peter-greenberg-the-azamara-pursuits-maiden-voyage |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=BlogTalkRadio}}</ref> Paul stated that the headwinds they faced were "''a validation of our manpower performance''". Upon this achievement he received Guinness Titles of: "''First to row 4 Oceans''" and "''First to hold current speed records on all 4 oceans''".<ref name=":102" />
 ==== 2019, Ocean Explorers Grand Slam and "The Impossible Row" ====
-The Antarctic Row was conceived in April 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NJ.com |first=Mark Di Ionno {{!}} NJ Advance Media for|date=2017-08-02|title=Jersey guy takes on challenge of rowing across the Arctic Ocean {{!}} Di Ionno|url=https://www.nj.com/news/2017/08/jersey_guy_takes_on_challenge_of_rowing_across_the.html|access-date=2020-03-28|website=nj|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":312">{{Cite web |title=Antarctic Row, rowing across Drake Passage — Fiann Paul, Ocean Rower |url=http://www.rowlaughexplore.com/the-impossible-row |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=Row Laugh Explore |language=en-US}}</ref> Upon completion of Polar Row II in August 2017, in an interview with [[The New York Times]], Paul vowed he would row an even more difficult route.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Specia |first=Megan |date=2017-08-28 |title=Stranded on Norwegian Island, Rowers End Their Arctic Mission |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/world/arctic-polar-row-norway-rowers.html |access-date=2020-03-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Next he needed to irreversibly prepay substantial sums of money 18-months in advance of the expedition in order to secure the assisting vessel, which is a requirement of the [[Antarctic Treaty System|Antarctic Treaty]] and [[International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators|IAATO]] in order to receive a departure permit. [[Admiralty law|Maritime law]] requires that small human-powered boats and primitive sailboats be accompanied by an assisting vessel during open-water journeys within the actual boundaries of the Southern Ocean. Paul mentioned that it was all the money he had at the time.{{Citation needed}}
+The Antarctic or "Impossible" Row was conceived in April 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NJ.com |first=Mark Di Ionno {{!}} NJ Advance Media for|date=2017-08-02|title=Jersey guy takes on challenge of rowing across the Arctic Ocean {{!}} Di Ionno|url=https://www.nj.com/news/2017/08/jersey_guy_takes_on_challenge_of_rowing_across_the.html|access-date=2020-03-28|website=nj|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":312">{{Cite web |title=Antarctic Row, rowing across Drake Passage — Fiann Paul, Ocean Rower |url=http://www.rowlaughexplore.com/the-impossible-row |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=Row Laugh Explore |language=en-US}}</ref> Upon completion of ''Polar Row II'' in August 2017, in an interview with [[The New York Times]], Paul vowed he would row an even more difficult route.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Specia |first=Megan |date=2017-08-28 |title=Stranded on Norwegian Island, Rowers End Their Arctic Mission |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/world/arctic-polar-row-norway-rowers.html |access-date=2020-03-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In September 2017, Paul recruited the first team members, [[Andrew Towne]] and Jamie Douglas-Hamilton. The row was initially scheduled for December 2018 but was postponed due to lack of availability of an assisting vessel. In January 2019 he recruited [[Cameron Bellamy]] and John Petersen, and [[Colin O'Brady]] in April 2019. O'Brady joined the project without prior rowing, ocean rowing, or seafaring experience to serve as [[Chief mate|first mate]] and aid the project financially.<ref>{{Cite web |last=27 November 2019 - 11am |first=Brad E. Schlossman / Forum News Service {{!}}|title=Discovery Channel to follow former North Dakota, current Minnesota resident's attempt to be first to row across Drake Passage to Antarctica|url=https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/sports/outdoors/4791153-Discovery-Channel-to-follow-former-North-Dakota-current-Minnesota-residents-attempt-to-be-first-to-row-across-Drake-Passage-to-Antarctica|access-date=2020-03-28|website=Duluth News Tribune| date=27 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-30 |title=Cameron Bellamy (2000B) completes The Impossible Row |url=https://www.odunion.com/news/od-updates/618/618-Cameron-Bellamy-2000B-completes-The-Impossible-Row |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=Bishops OD Alumni Network |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Michael |title=UQ graduate conquers The Impossible Row |url=https://stories.uq.edu.au/contact-magazine/2020/uq-graduate-conquers-the-impossible-row/index.html |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=stories.uq.edu.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-09 |title=History made: Oakland man among first to cross most dangerous waters |url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/history-made-oakland-man-among-first-to-cross-most-dangerous-waters |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=East Bay Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":342">{{Cite web |title=The Impossible Row: Across the Drake |url=https://www.oceanographicmagazine.com/features/impossible-row/ |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=Oceanographic |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-In September 2017, Paul recruited the first team members, [[Andrew Towne]] and Jamie Douglas-Hamilton. The row was initially scheduled for December 2018 but was postponed due to lack of availability of the assisting vessel. In January 2019 he recruited [[Cameron Bellamy]] and John Petersen, completing the two-year-long team recruitment process in April 2019 when the final member, Colin O’Brady without prior rowing, ocean rowing or seafaring experience joined the team to serve as Paul's [[Chief mate|first mate]] and aid the project financially.<ref>{{Cite web |last=27 November 2019 - 11am |first=Brad E. Schlossman / Forum News Service {{!}}|title=Discovery Channel to follow former North Dakota, current Minnesota resident's attempt to be first to row across Drake Passage to Antarctica|url=https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/sports/outdoors/4791153-Discovery-Channel-to-follow-former-North-Dakota-current-Minnesota-residents-attempt-to-be-first-to-row-across-Drake-Passage-to-Antarctica|access-date=2020-03-28|website=Duluth News Tribune| date=27 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-30 |title=Cameron Bellamy (2000B) completes The Impossible Row |url=https://www.odunion.com/news/od-updates/618/618-Cameron-Bellamy-2000B-completes-The-Impossible-Row |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=Bishops OD Alumni Network |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Michael |title=UQ graduate conquers The Impossible Row |url=https://stories.uq.edu.au/contact-magazine/2020/uq-graduate-conquers-the-impossible-row/index.html |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=stories.uq.edu.au |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":312" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-09 |title=History made: Oakland man among first to cross most dangerous waters |url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/history-made-oakland-man-among-first-to-cross-most-dangerous-waters |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=East Bay Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":342">{{Cite web |title=The Impossible Row: Across the Drake |url=https://www.oceanographicmagazine.com/features/impossible-row/ |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=Oceanographic |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-25 |title=EYOS to Support Expedition Rowing to Antarctica |url=https://www.eyos-expeditions.com/eyos-to-support-expedition-rowing-to-antarctica/ |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=(EYOS) |language=en}}</ref>
-The row took 12 days, 1 hour and 45 minutes, with the team experiencing sub-zero temperatures, snow, hail, and giant ice bergs unique to Antarctica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skynvilla á suðurskautinu |url=https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2020/01/21/skynvilla_a_sudurskautinu/ |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=www.mbl.is |language=is}}</ref> The row was completed on December 25, 2019, with the team accomplishing three historical feats: being the first to row across the Drake Passage, the first to row to the Antarctic, and the first to row in the Southern Ocean.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘The Impossible Row’. Historic first row of the Southern Ocean |url=https://worldrowing.com/2020/01/17/the-impossible-row-historic-first-row-the-southern-ocean/ |website=World Rowing |language=en |date=17 January 2020}}</ref> The row was the subject of a 2020 [[Discovery Channel]] documentary, ''[[The Impossible Row]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=TV News |title=THE IMPOSSIBLE ROW Airs on Discovery This December |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/THE-IMPOSSIBLE-ROW-Airs-on-Discovery-This-December-20191118 |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328205102/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/THE-IMPOSSIBLE-ROW-Airs-on-Discovery-This-December-20191118 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-== Charity ==
-In 2007, Fiann Paul collected funds and supervised the construction of a new Götusmiðjan facility building, the center for youth at risk, in Iceland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skjóta skjólshúsi yfir reykingafólk í Götusmiðjunni |url=http://www.mbl.is/greinasafn/grein/1132263/ |access-date=2017-10-03 |website=www.mbl.is}}</ref>
+The row took 12 days, 1 hour and 45 minutes, with the team experiencing sub-zero temperatures, snow, hail, and giant ice bergs unique to Antarctica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skynvilla á suðurskautinu |url=https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2020/01/21/skynvilla_a_sudurskautinu/ |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=www.mbl.is |language=is}}</ref> The row was completed on December 25, 2019, with the team accomplishing three historical feats: being the first to row across the [[Drake Passage]], the first to row to the Antarctic, and the first to row in the Southern Ocean.<ref>{{cite web |title='The Impossible Row'. Historic first row of the Southern Ocean |url=https://worldrowing.com/2020/01/17/the-impossible-row-historic-first-row-the-southern-ocean/ |website=World Rowing |language=en |date=17 January 2020}}</ref> The row was the subject of a 2020 [[Discovery Channel]] documentary, ''[[The Impossible Row]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=TV News |title=THE IMPOSSIBLE ROW Airs on Discovery This December |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/THE-IMPOSSIBLE-ROW-Airs-on-Discovery-This-December-20191118 |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328205102/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/THE-IMPOSSIBLE-ROW-Airs-on-Discovery-This-December-20191118 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-In 2011, Paul and Natalie Caroline founded the Fiann Paul Foundation, which built a primary school in the [[Himalayas]] in 2013.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |last=Kaaber |first=Emilía S. Ólafsdóttir |date=14 August 2014 |title=Ocean Rower Sets Four World Records for Iceland |url=http://icelandreview.com/news/2014/08/14/ocean-rower-sets-four-world-records-iceland |access-date=2016-08-22 |website=Iceland Review |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Press and Media - Save the Elephants |language=en-GB |work=Save the Elephants |url=http://savetheelephants.org/about-ste/press-media/ |access-date=2017-04-13}}</ref> The school educates 150 pupils per year.<ref>Himshikhar, Nepalese National TV, Multiple appearances between 15 and 22 December 2013</ref>
 == Honors and accolades ==
 In 2019, Fiann Paul was appointed a coordinator for [[Ocean Rowing Society International]], the governing body for international ocean rowing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/about_us.htm |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022064002/http://oceanrowing.com/about_us.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-In 2020, he was awarded an Honorary [[Master mariner|Master Mariner]] from the Association of Master Mariners at the [[Gdynia Maritime University]] in [[Gdynia]], Poland. Master Mariner is the highest seafarer qualification, and in Poland, one needs to study for approximately 8 years to achieve this qualification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Master Mariner — Fiann Paul, Ocean Rower |url=http://www.rowlaughexplore.com/journal//honorary-master-mariner |access-date=2020-10-16 |website=Row Laugh Explore |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |title=Terra Australis Incognita |url=https://explorers.org/pdf/Fall2020_EL_EC%281%29.pdf |journal=Explorers Log |volume=52 |pages=cover page and 26–27 |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806174913/https://explorers.org/pdf/Fall2020_EL_EC(1).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+In 2020, he was awarded an Honorary [[Master mariner|Master Mariner]] from the Association of Master Mariners at the [[Gdynia Maritime University]] in [[Gdynia]], Poland. Master Mariner is the highest seafarer qualification, and in Poland, one needs to study for approximately 8 years to achieve this qualification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Master Mariner — Fiann Paul, Ocean Rower |url=http://www.rowlaughexplore.com/journal//honorary-master-mariner |access-date=2020-10-16 |website=Row Laugh Explore |date=15 October 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |title=Terra Australis Incognita |url=https://explorers.org/pdf/Fall2020_EL_EC%281%29.pdf |journal=Explorers Log |volume=52 |pages=cover page and 26–27 |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806174913/https://explorers.org/pdf/Fall2020_EL_EC(1).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-In 2021, Paul [[Pro bono|pro-bono]] developed a [[geodatabase]] that documents and processes the entire history of human-power ocean exploration, dubbed by Guinness World Records “The first real adventure database”.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-07 |title=Ocean Rowing Society International launches the first real adventure database |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2021/4/ocean-rowing-society-international-launches-the-first-real-adventure-database-653509 |access-date=2021-07-03 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="explorersweb.com">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-13 |title=How Should We Classify River and Ocean Expeditions? |url=https://explorersweb.com/2021/04/13/how-should-we-classify-river-and-ocean-expeditions/ |access-date=2021-07-03 |website=Explorersweb}}</ref>
+In 2021, Paul [[Pro bono|pro-bono]] developed a [[geodatabase]] that documents the history of human-power ocean exploration.<ref name="explorersweb.com">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-13 |title=How Should We Classify River and Ocean Expeditions? |url=https://explorersweb.com/2021/04/13/how-should-we-classify-river-and-ocean-expeditions/ |access-date=2021-07-03 |website=Explorersweb}}</ref>
+=== Other Honors and Awards ===
-He has conducted multiple lectures, and workshops in different parts of the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News, fréttir, Fréttatíminn, Iceland, Newspaper |url=https://issuu.com/frettatiminn/docs/22_08_2014_lr/32 |access-date=2016-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tryggvason |first=Sölvi |title=Ísland í dag, Icelandic National TV Stöð 2 |url=http://www.stod2.is/thaettir/adrir-thaettir/frettir-og-island-i-dag/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2016-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030075447/http://www.stod2.is/thaettir/adrir-thaettir/frettir-og-island-i-dag/ |archive-date=30 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vísir – Synti með selunum í Húsdýragarðinum |url=http://www.visir.is/synti-med-selunum-i-husdyragardinum/article/2011110929907 |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=Icelandic National TV Stöð 2|date=20 September 2011 }}</ref>
-==== Other Honors and Awards ====
 * Blue Riband Trophy of Ocean Rowing, 2011<ref>{{Cite news |title=Irish pair setting records on Sara G |language=en-US |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/irish-pair-setting-records-on-sara-g-1.1278728 |access-date=2017-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ocean rowing world records blue riband trophy |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/record_standard.htm |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref>
@@ Line 89: / Line 73: @@
 * First to row 4 oceans, 2017<ref name=":102" />
-* First to row the Arctic Ocean open waters south to north<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=ocean rowing society international |url=http://oceanrowing.com/polar_row2017.htm |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=oceanrowing.com}}</ref>
+* First to row the Arctic Ocean open waters south to north<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=ocean rowing society international |url=http://oceanrowing.com/polar_row2017.htm |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=oceanrowing.com |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227214120/http://oceanrowing.com/Polar_row2017.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 * First recorded complete human-powered crossing of the Barents Sea, 2017<ref name="ITV News2">{{Cite news |title=Arctic rowers breaking world records on epic voyage |language=en |work=ITV News |url=http://www.itv.com/news/2017-07-31/arctic-rowers-set-five-world-records-on-epic-voyage/ |access-date=2017-10-03}}</ref>
 * First to row the Arctic Ocean open waters north to south, 2017<ref name=":42" />
 * First recorded complete human-powered crossing of the Greenland Sea, 2017<ref name=":142" />
 * First to row the Arctic Ocean in both directions, 2017<ref name=":36" />
-* First to row across the Drake Passage, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=First row across the Drake Passage |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/604715-first-row-across-the-drake-passage |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+* First to row across the Drake Passage, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=First row across the Drake Passage |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/604715-first-row-across-the-drake-passage |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |date=25 December 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-* First to row on the Southern Ocean, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=First row on the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/615362-first-row-on-the-southern-ocean |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+* First to row on the Southern Ocean, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=First row on the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/615362-first-row-on-the-southern-ocean |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |date=25 December 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-* First to row to the Antarctic continent, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Row to Antarctic continent |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/616046-first-row-to-antarctic-continent |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+* First to row to the Antarctic continent, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Row to Antarctic continent |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/616046-first-row-to-antarctic-continent |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |date=25 December 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-* First to row in both Polar Regions, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=First person to row in open waters of both Polar Regions |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/616002-first-person-to-row-in-open-waters-of-both-polar-regions |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+* First to row in both Polar Regions, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=First person to row in open waters of both Polar Regions |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/616002-first-person-to-row-in-open-waters-of-both-polar-regions |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |date=25 December 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-* First to row on 5 oceans (first to complete Ocean Explorers Grand Slam), 2019<ref name=":292">{{Cite web |date=2019-12-27 |title=Impossible Row team achieve first ever row across the Drake Passage |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2019/12/impossible-row-team-achieve-first-ever-row-across-the-drake-passage-604720 |access-date=2020-01-12 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":302">{{Cite web |title=Antarctica-row-records |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/Fiann-Paul2019/official-records.htm |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=First person to achieve the Ocean Explorers Grand Slam (row on 5 oceans) |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/616008-first-person-to-achieve-the-ocean-explorers-grand-slam-row-on-5-oceans |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+* First to row on 5 oceans (first to complete Ocean Explorers Grand Slam), 2019<ref name=":292">{{Cite web |date=2019-12-27 |title=Impossible Row team achieve first ever row across the Drake Passage |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2019/12/impossible-row-team-achieve-first-ever-row-across-the-drake-passage-604720 |access-date=2020-01-12 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":302">{{Cite web |title=Antarctica-row-records |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/Fiann-Paul2019/official-records.htm |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205193130/http://www.oceanrowing.com/Fiann-Paul2019/official-records.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=First person to achieve the Ocean Explorers Grand Slam (row on 5 oceans) |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/616008-first-person-to-achieve-the-ocean-explorers-grand-slam-row-on-5-oceans |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Guinness World Records |date=25 December 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 ==== Other Performance Guinness World's First titles ====
-* First person to hold simultaneous overall{{refn|Overall speed record in ocean rowing stands for the fastest crossing regardless of any additional criteria such as number and type of the crew, class of the boat, hull type, race, exact departure and arrival points, departure date etc. Average overall speed is calculated and compared. The distance used for the overall speed calculation is the straight line distance between the departure and the arrival points, while the actual distance rowed and the actual average speed is usually much higher<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/record_standard.htm |title=Record Standard |access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/Blue_Riband_Trophy.htm |title=Record Standard 2 |access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref>|name=note3|group=note}} speed Guinness World Records for ocean rowing all three oceans (hat-trick): 2016<ref name="Race Results 2016 - Great Pacific Race2">{{Cite web |title=Race Results 2016 – Great Pacific Race |url=http://greatpacificrace.com/race-results-2016/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825172544/http://greatpacificrace.com/race-results-2016/ |archive-date=25 August 2016 |access-date=2016-08-30 |language=en-US}}</ref>
+* First person to hold simultaneous overall{{refn|Overall speed record in ocean rowing stands for the fastest crossing regardless of any additional criteria such as number and type of the crew, class of the boat, hull type, race, exact departure and arrival points, departure date etc. Average overall speed is calculated and compared. The distance used for the overall speed calculation is the straight line distance between the departure and the arrival points, while the actual distance rowed and the actual average speed is usually much higher<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/record_standard.htm |title=Record Standard |access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/Blue_Riband_Trophy.htm |title=Record Standard 2 |access-date=2016-09-29 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002152635/http://www.oceanrowing.com/Blue_Riband_Trophy.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>|name=note3|group=note}} speed Guinness World Records for ocean rowing all three oceans (hat-trick): 2016<ref name="Race Results 2016 - Great Pacific Race2">{{Cite web |title=Race Results 2016 – Great Pacific Race |url=http://greatpacificrace.com/race-results-2016/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825172544/http://greatpacificrace.com/race-results-2016/ |archive-date=25 August 2016 |access-date=2016-08-30 |language=en-US}}</ref>
 * First person to twice hold three simultaneous overall ocean rowing speed records on different oceans (hat-trick): 2017<ref name=":212">{{Cite news |title=First person to twice hold three simultaneous overall ocean rowing speed records on different oceans |language=en-GB |work=Guinness World Records |url=http://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/526993-first-person-to-twice-hold-three-simultaneous-overall-ocean-rowing-speed-records |access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>
 * First to hold current speed records on 4 oceans, 2017<ref name=":102" />
@@ Line 119: / Line 103: @@
 * Fastest crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, 2011<ref name=":110" />
 * Fastest crossing of the Indian Ocean, 2014<ref name=":36" />
-* Fastest crossing of the Mid-Pacific Ocean, 2016<ref name="Camozzi2" />
+* Fastest crossing of the Mid-Pacific Ocean, 2016<ref name="Camozzi2">{{Cite web |last=Camozzi |first=Rosemary Howe |date=21 July 2016 |title=The 3 Toughest Parts of Paddling the Pacific |url=http://www.outsideonline.com/2099351/3-toughest-parts-paddling-pacific |access-date=2016-09-15 |website=Outside Magazine, USA}}</ref>
 * Fastest crossing of the Arctic Ocean, 2017<ref name=":102" />
@@ Line 125: / Line 109: @@
 * Highest consecutive number of days rowed a distance over 100 miles a day (12 days), 2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rowing Atlantic Ocean Sara G |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/SaraG_distance.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921131233/http://www.oceanrowing.com/SaraG_distance.htm |archive-date=21 September 2016 |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |df=dmy}}</ref>
-* Fastest row across the Indian Ocean by a team, 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Ocean rows |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/Indian_ocean_rows.htm |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref>
+* Fastest row across the Indian Ocean by a team, 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Ocean rows |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/Indian_ocean_rows.htm |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=21 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921051941/http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/Indian_ocean_rows.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 === Geographical Guinness World Records ===
@@ Line 140: / Line 124: @@
 * The longest distance rowed on the Arctic Ocean Open Waters within one expedition, 2017<ref name=":42" />
-* Longest distance rowed by a crew on the Indian Ocean, 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Records 2014 |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/Guinness_World_Records/applications2014.htm |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=www.oceanrowing.com}}</ref>
+* Longest distance rowed by a crew on the Indian Ocean, 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Records 2014 |url=http://www.oceanrowing.com/Guinness_World_Records/applications2014.htm |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=www.oceanrowing.com |archive-date=21 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921052333/http://www.oceanrowing.com/Guinness_World_Records/applications2014.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 * Longest aggregated distance rowed in the Polar Open Water.<ref name=":292" /><ref name=":302" />
@@ Line 152: / Line 136: @@
 * Most record-breaking expedition in history, 2017<ref name=":52" />
-== See also ==
-{{Portal|Iceland}}
-* [[Jean-Pierre Rives]]
-* [[Ernie Barnes]]
-* [[Rockwell Kent]]
 == Notes ==
@@ Line 175: / Line 153: @@
 [[Category:1980 births]]
 [[Category:Living people]]
+[[Category:People from Warsaw]]
+[[Category:Sportspeople from Warsaw]]
 [[Category:Icelandic rowers]]
+[[Category:Polish male rowers]]
 [[Category:Ocean rowers]]
 [[Category:Sports world record holders]]
-[[Category:Icelandic photographers]]
-[[Category:Installation artists]]
 [[Category:Explorers of the Arctic]]
 [[Category:Icelandic explorers]]
-[[Category:Icelandic motivational speakers]]
+[[Category:Polish explorers]]
-[[Category:English-language haiku poets]]
 [[Category:Polar explorers]]
 [[Category:Explorers of Antarctica]]
 [[Category:Icelandic people of Polish descent]]
+[[Category:Icelandic motivational speakers]]
 [[Category:Jungian psychologists]]
-[[Category:Psychoanalysts]]
+[[Category:21st-century Polish sportsmen]]
-[[Category:Poznań University of Technology alumni]]
+[[Category:21st-century Icelandic sportsmen]]
-[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society]]