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{{Short description|Species of legume}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Ebenopsis ebano fruit.jpg
|image = Ebenopsis ebano fruit.jpg
|image_caption = Fruit
|image_caption = Fruit
|status = LC
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=Contu, S. |title=''Ebenopsis ebano'' |page=e.T19891615A20070381 |year=2012 |access-date=14 March 2023}}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
|genus = Ebenopsis
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
⚫
|species = ebano
|ordo = [[Fabales]]
⚫
|authority = ([[Jean-Louis Berlandier|Berland.]]) [[Rupert Charles Barneby|Barneby]] & [[James Walter Grimes|J.W.Grimes]]
|familia = [[Fabaceae]]
⚫
|synonyms =
⚫
|genus = ''[[Ebenopsis]]''
⚫
|species = '''''E. ebano'''''
|binomial = ''Ebenopsis ebano''
⚫
|binomial_authority = ([[Jean-Louis Berlandier|Berland.]]) [[Rupert Charles Barneby|Barneby]] & [[James Walter Grimes|J.W.Grimes]]
⚫
|synonyms =
''[[Acacia]] flexicaulis'' <small>[[George Bentham|Benth.]]</small><br />
''[[Acacia]] flexicaulis'' <small>[[George Bentham|Benth.]]</small><br />
''[[Chloroleucon]] ebano'' <small>(Berland.) [[Maria de Lourdes Rico|L.Rico]]</small><br />
''[[Chloroleucon]] ebano'' <small>(Berland.) [[Maria de Lourdes Rico|L.Rico]]</small><br />
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}}
}}


'''''Ebenopsis ebano''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the [[pea]] family, [[Fabaceae]],<ref name="GRIN"/> that is native to the coastal plain of southern [[Texas]] in the United States and eastern [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=EBEB |title=''Ebenopsis ebano'' (Texas Ebony) |work=Native Plant Database |publisher=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center|accessdate=2009-07-06}}</ref> It is commonly known as '''Texas ebony''' or '''''ebano''''' (in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]).<ref name="GRIN"/>
'''''Ebenopsis ebano''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Fabaceae]],<ref name="GRIN"/> that is native to the coastal plain of southern [[Texas]] in the United States and eastern [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=EBEB |title=''Ebenopsis ebano'' (Texas Ebony) |work=Native Plant Database |publisher=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center|accessdate=2009-07-06}}</ref> It is commonly known as '''Texas ebony''' or '''''ebano''''' (in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]).<ref name="GRIN"/>


==Description==
==Description==
Texas ebony is a small, [[evergreen]] [[tree]] that reaches a height of {{convert|7.6|-|9.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a crown width of {{convert|1.8|-|4.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Irish">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyWkIsLDca8C&dq |title=Trees and Shrubs for the Southwest: Woody Plants for Arid Gardens |first=Mary |last=Irish |publisher=Timber Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-88192-905-8 |pages=178–179}}</ref>
Texas ebony is a small, [[evergreen]] [[tree]] that reaches a height of {{convert|7.6|-|9.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a crown width of {{convert|1.8|-|4.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Irish">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyWkIsLDca8C |title=Trees and Shrubs for the Southwest: Woody Plants for Arid Gardens |first=Mary |last=Irish |publisher=Timber Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-88192-905-8 |pages=178–179}}</ref>


[[File:TexasEbony.JPG|thumb|Texas ebony (''Chloroleucon ebano'')]]
[[File:TexasEbony.JPG|thumb|Texas ebony (''Ebenopsis ebano'')]]


==Habitat and range==
==Habitat and range==
The range of ''E. ebano'' stretches from [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo]] and [[Corpus Christi, Texas]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=EBEB |title=''Ebenopsis ebano'' (Berl.) Barneby & Grimes Texas ebony |work=The PLANTS Database |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-11-25}}</ref> south through the states of [[Tamaulipas]], [[Nuevo León]], [[San Luis Potosí]], [[Veracruz]], [[Campeche]], and [[Yucatán (state)|Yucatán]] in [[Mexico]].<ref name="CONAFOR">{{cite web |url=http://www.conafor.gob.mx:8080/documentos/docs/13/919Ebenopsis%20ebano%20.pdf |title=''Ebenopsis ebano'' (Berl.) Britton et Rose |work=Reforestación: Fichas Técnicas |publisher=[[CONAFOR]] |language=Spanish |accessdate=2009-07-09}}</ref> It can be found in the [[Tamaulipan matorral]],<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.inecol.edu.mx/myb/resumeness/13.1/MB_2007_13-1_099-117.pdf |first=Jaime F. |last=García Pérez |author2=Óscar Aguirre Calderón |author3=Eduardo Estrada Castillón |author4=Joel Flores Rivas |author5=Javier Jiménez Pérez |author6=Enrique Jurado Ybarra |title=Germinación y establecimiento de plantas nativas del matorral tamaulipeco y una especie introducida en un gradiente de elevación |journal=Madera y Bosques |volume=13 |issue=1 |year=2007 |pages=99–117 |language=Spanish |access-date=2009-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415133540/http://www1.inecol.edu.mx/myb/resumeness/13.1/MB_2007_13-1_099-117.pdf |archive-date=2010-04-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Tamaulipan mezquital]],<ref name="Lentz">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsuiJEwOIJUC |first=David Lewis |last=Lentz |title=Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the Precolumbian Americas |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-11157-7 |page=79 |year=2000}}</ref> [[Veracruz dry forests]], and [[Yucatán dry forests]] ecoregions.<ref name="Beletsky">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxhFZ4erCj8C |first=Les |last=Beletsky |title=Southern Mexico: the Cancún Region, Yucatán Peninsula, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco |publisher=Interlink Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-56656-640-7 |page=23}}</ref> Its habitat extends from sea level to {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}, averages {{convert|20|to|27|C|F|abbr=on}} in temperature, and receives a mean of {{convert|900|mm|in|abbr=on}} of annual rainfall.<ref name="CONAFOR"/>
The range of ''E. ebano'' stretches from [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo]] and [[Corpus Christi, Texas]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=EBEB |title=''Ebenopsis ebano'' (Berl.) Barneby & Grimes Texas ebony |work=The PLANTS Database |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-11-25 |archive-date=2010-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019113148/http://www.plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=EBEB |url-status=dead }}</ref> south through the states of [[Tamaulipas]], [[Nuevo León]], [[San Luis Potosí]], [[Veracruz]], [[Campeche]], and [[Yucatán (state)|Yucatán]] in [[Mexico]].<ref name="CONAFOR">{{cite web |url=http://www.conafor.gob.mx:8080/documentos/docs/13/919Ebenopsis%20ebano%20.pdf |title=''Ebenopsis ebano'' (Berl.) Britton et Rose |work=Reforestación: Fichas Técnicas |publisher=[[CONAFOR]] |language=Spanish |accessdate=2009-07-09}}</ref> It can be found in the [[Tamaulipan matorral]],<ref>{{cite journal |first=Jaime F. |last=García Pérez |author2=Óscar Aguirre Calderón |author3=Eduardo Estrada Castillón |author4=Joel Flores Rivas |author5=Javier Jiménez Pérez |author6=Enrique Jurado Ybarra |title=Germinación y establecimiento de plantas nativas del matorral tamaulipeco y una especie introducida en un gradiente de elevación |journal=Madera y Bosques |volume=13 |issue=1 |year=2007 |pages=99–117 |doi=10.21829/myb.2007.1311238 |language=Spanish |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Tamaulipan mezquital]],<ref name="Lentz">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsuiJEwOIJUC |first=David Lewis |last=Lentz |title=Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the Precolumbian Americas |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-11157-7 |page=79 |year=2000}}</ref> [[Veracruz dry forests]], and [[Yucatán dry forests]] ecoregions.<ref name="Beletsky">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxhFZ4erCj8C |first=Les |last=Beletsky |title=Southern Mexico: the Cancún Region, Yucatán Peninsula, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco |publisher=Interlink Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-56656-640-7 |page=23}}</ref> Its habitat extends from sea level to {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}, averages {{convert|20|to|27|C|F|abbr=on}} in temperature, and receives a mean of {{convert|900|mm|in|abbr=on}} of annual rainfall.<ref name="CONAFOR"/>


==Uses==
==Uses==
Texas ebony is cultivated in [[xeriscaping]] for its dense foliage and fragrant [[flower]]s.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W-qD3bHUnakC |first=George Oxford |last=Miller |title=Landscaping with Native Plants of the Southwest |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-7603-2968-9 |page=63 |date=2007-03-15}}</ref> It is also used in [[bonsai]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_pBWYeemKYcC |first=Robert |last=Mahler |author2=Julian Velasco |title=Growing Bonsai Indoors |editors=Pat Lucke Morris; Sigrun Wolff Saphire |publisher=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-889538-42-6 |pages=48–49}}</ref>
Texas ebony is cultivated in [[xeriscaping]] for its dense foliage and fragrant [[flower]]s.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W-qD3bHUnakC |first=George Oxford |last=Miller |title=Landscaping with Native Plants of the Southwest |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-7603-2968-9 |page=63 |date=2007-03-15}}</ref> It is also used in [[bonsai]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_pBWYeemKYcC |first=Robert |last=Mahler |author2=Julian Velasco |title=Growing Bonsai Indoors |editor=Pat Lucke Morris |editor2=Sigrun Wolff Saphire |publisher=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-889538-42-6 |pages=48–49}}</ref>


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
''E. ebano'' is a [[Host (biology)|host]] plant for the [[caterpillar]]s of the coyote cloudywing (''[[Achalarus toxeus]]'')<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Achalarus-toxeus |title=Coyote Cloudywing ''Achalarus toxeus'' (Plötz, 1882) |website=Butterflies and Moths of North America |accessdate=2010-03-30}}</ref> and ''[[Sphingicampa blanchardi]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Sphingicampa-blanchardi |title=''Sphingicampa blanchardi'' |website=Butterflies and Moths of North America |accessdate=November 16, 2018}}</ref> The seedpods host the [[bean weevil]]s ''[[Stator beali]]'' and ''[[Stator limbatus|S. limbatus]]''. Despite the native range of Texas ebony overlapping with that of the latter, ''S. limbatus'' only feeds upon it in locales where it is grown as an ornamental and is not native.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anzf43/anzf43-239.pdf |first=Charles W. |last=Fox |title=Colonization of a new host by a seed-feeding beetle: Genetic variation, maternal experience, and the effect of an alternate host |journal=Annales Zoologici Fennici |volume=43 |year=2006 |pages=239–247}}</ref> ''E. ebano'' is also a preferred host of the [[epiphyte]] Bailey's ball moss (''[[Tillandsia baileyi]]'').<ref name="Sabal">{{cite journal |url=http://nativeplantproject.com/SABALS/SABAL0509.pdf |first=Sue |last=Sill |title=''Tillandsia baileyi'' rose - Texas’s Disappearing Native Air-Plant |journal=The Sabal |publisher=Native Plant Project |volume=26 |issue=5 |date=May 2009 |pages=1–5}}</ref>
''Ebenopsis ebano'' is a [[Host (biology)|host]] plant for the [[caterpillar]]s of the coyote cloudywing (''[[Achalarus toxeus]]'')<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Achalarus-toxeus |title=Coyote Cloudywing ''Achalarus toxeus'' (Plötz, 1882) |website=Butterflies and Moths of North America |accessdate=2010-03-30}}</ref> and ''[[Sphingicampa blanchardi]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Sphingicampa-blanchardi |title=''Sphingicampa blanchardi'' |website=Butterflies and Moths of North America |accessdate=November 16, 2018}}</ref> The seedpods host the [[bean weevil]]s ''[[Stator beali]]'' and ''[[Stator limbatus|S. limbatus]]''. Despite the native range of Texas ebony overlapping with that of the latter, ''S. limbatus'' only feeds upon it in locales where it is grown as an ornamental and is not native.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anzf43/anzf43-239.pdf |first=Charles W. |last=Fox |title=Colonization of a new host by a seed-feeding beetle: Genetic variation, maternal experience, and the effect of an alternate host |journal=Annales Zoologici Fennici |volume=43 |year=2006 |pages=239–247}}</ref> ''E. ebano'' is also a preferred host of the [[epiphyte]] Bailey's ball moss (''[[Tillandsia baileyi]]'').<ref name="Sabal">{{cite journal |url=http://nativeplantproject.com/SABALS/SABAL0509.pdf |first=Sue |last=Sill |title=''Tillandsia baileyi'' rose - Texas's Disappearing Native Air-Plant |journal=The Sabal |publisher=Native Plant Project |volume=26 |issue=5 |date=May 2009 |pages=1–5}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
⚫
{{commons category}}
⚫
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{cite web |url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/natives/pithecellobiumflexicaule.htm |title=Texas Ebony, Ebano, Ebony Blackbeard, Ebony Apes-earring ''Pithecellobium flexicaule'' |work=Benny Simpson's Native Trees of Texas |publisher=Texas A&M University}}
* {{cite web |url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/natives/pithecellobiumflexicaule.htm |title=Texas Ebony, Ebano, Ebony Blackbeard, Ebony Apes-earring ''Pithecellobium flexicaule'' |work=Benny Simpson's Native Trees of Texas |publisher=Texas A&M University}}
*{{cite web |url=http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/little/pithflex.pdf |format=PDF |title=Pithecellobium flexicaule |work=Digital Representations of Tree Species Range Maps from "Atlas of United States Trees" by Elbert L. Little, Jr. (and other publications) |publisher=United States Geological Survey |accessdate=}}
* {{cite web |url=http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/little/pithflex.pdf |title=Pithecellobium flexicaule |work=Digital Representations of Tree Species Range Maps from "Atlas of United States Trees" by Elbert L. Little, Jr. (and other publications) |publisher=United States Geological Survey |accessdate=}}
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* {{Commons category-inline}}
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* {{Wikispecies-inline}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5331755}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5331755}}


[[Category:Mimosoids]]
[[Category:Mimosoids]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1996]]
[[Category:Trees of Northern America]]
[[Category:Trees of the Yucatán Peninsula]]
[[Category:Flora of Texas]]
[[Category:Trees of Campeche]]
[[Category:Trees of Nuevo León]]
[[Category:Trees of Tamaulipas]]
[[Category:Trees of the South-Central United States]]
[[Category:Trees of Veracruz]]
[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
[[Category:Plants used in bonsai]]
[[Category:Plants used in bonsai]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1996]]

Latest revision as of 22:57, 21 November 2024

Ebenopsis ebano
Fruit
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Ebenopsis
Species:
E. ebano
Binomial name
Ebenopsis ebano
Natural range
Synonyms

Acacia flexicaulis Benth.
Chloroleucon ebano (Berland.) L.Rico
Mimosa ebano Berland.
Pithecellobium ebano (Berland.) C.H.Müll.
Pithecellobium flexicaule (Benth.) J.M.Coult.
Zygia flexicaulis (Benth.) Sudw.[2]

Ebenopsis ebano is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae,[2] that is native to the coastal plain of southern Texas in the United States and eastern Mexico.[3] It is commonly known as Texas ebony or ebano (in Spanish).[2]

Description

[edit]

Texas ebony is a small, evergreen tree that reaches a height of 7.6–9.1 m (25–30 ft) and a crown width of 1.8–4.6 m (5.9–15.1 ft).[4]

Texas ebony (Ebenopsis ebano)

Habitat and range

[edit]

The range of E. ebano stretches from Laredo and Corpus Christi, Texas[5] south through the states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Campeche, and Yucatán in Mexico.[6] It can be found in the Tamaulipan matorral,[7] Tamaulipan mezquital,[8] Veracruz dry forests, and Yucatán dry forests ecoregions.[9] Its habitat extends from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft), averages 20 to 27 °C (68 to 81 °F) in temperature, and receives a mean of 900 mm (35 in) of annual rainfall.[6]

Uses

[edit]

Texas ebony is cultivated in xeriscaping for its dense foliage and fragrant flowers.[10] It is also used in bonsai.[11]

Ecology

[edit]

Ebenopsis ebano is a host plant for the caterpillars of the coyote cloudywing (Achalarus toxeus)[12] and Sphingicampa blanchardi.[13] The seedpods host the bean weevils Stator beali and S. limbatus. Despite the native range of Texas ebony overlapping with that of the latter, S. limbatus only feeds upon it in locales where it is grown as an ornamental and is not native.[14] E. ebano is also a preferred host of the epiphyte Bailey's ball moss (Tillandsia baileyi).[15]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Contu, S. (2012). "Ebenopsis ebano". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T19891615A20070381. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b c "Ebenopsis ebano". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  3. ^ "Ebenopsis ebano (Texas Ebony)". Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
  4. ^ Irish, Mary (2008). Trees and Shrubs for the Southwest: Woody Plants for Arid Gardens. Timber Press. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-0-88192-905-8.
  5. ^ "Ebenopsis ebano (Berl.) Barneby & Grimes Texas ebony". The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2010-10-19. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
  6. ^ a b "Ebenopsis ebano (Berl.) Britton et Rose" (PDF). Reforestación: Fichas Técnicas (in Spanish). CONAFOR. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
  7. ^ García Pérez, Jaime F.; Óscar Aguirre Calderón; Eduardo Estrada Castillón; Joel Flores Rivas; Javier Jiménez Pérez; Enrique Jurado Ybarra (2007). "Germinación y establecimiento de plantas nativas del matorral tamaulipeco y una especie introducida en un gradiente de elevación". Madera y Bosques (in Spanish). 13 (1): 99–117. doi:10.21829/myb.2007.1311238.
  8. ^ Lentz, David Lewis (2000). Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the Precolumbian Americas. Columbia University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-231-11157-7.
  9. ^ Beletsky, Les (2006). Southern Mexico: the Cancún Region, Yucatán Peninsula, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Interlink Books. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-56656-640-7.
  10. ^ Miller, George Oxford (2007-03-15). Landscaping with Native Plants of the Southwest. MBI Publishing Company. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-7603-2968-9.
  11. ^ Mahler, Robert; Julian Velasco (2008). Pat Lucke Morris; Sigrun Wolff Saphire (eds.). Growing Bonsai Indoors. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-1-889538-42-6.
  12. ^ "Coyote Cloudywing Achalarus toxeus (Plötz, 1882)". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  13. ^ "Sphingicampa blanchardi". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  14. ^ Fox, Charles W. (2006). "Colonization of a new host by a seed-feeding beetle: Genetic variation, maternal experience, and the effect of an alternate host" (PDF). Annales Zoologici Fennici. 43: 239–247.
  15. ^ Sill, Sue (May 2009). "Tillandsia baileyi rose - Texas's Disappearing Native Air-Plant" (PDF). The Sabal. 26 (5). Native Plant Project: 1–5.
[edit]
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