Special relationship (international relations): Difference between revisions
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[[File:NE Monaco From Cap Martin France Sep23 A7C 06556.jpg|thumb|[[Monaco]], a [[European microstates|microstate]] on the [[French Riviera]], holds a special relationship with its neighbour France. The [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Minister of State]], the [[head of government]] of Monaco, is usually a French citizen, whose appointment by the [[Monarchy of Monaco|Prince of Monaco]] is proposed by the [[Government of France]].]] |
[[File:NE Monaco From Cap Martin France Sep23 A7C 06556.jpg|thumb|[[Monaco]], a [[European microstates|microstate]] on the [[French Riviera]], holds a special relationship with its neighbour France. The [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Minister of State]], the [[head of government]] of Monaco, is usually a French citizen, whose appointment by the [[Monarchy of Monaco|Prince of Monaco]] is proposed by the [[Government of France]].]] |
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A '''special relationship''' is a diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important. This term is usually used to refer to the [[Special Relationship|relationship]] between the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. In an extended use of the term, it has also been used to describe the whole of [[European Union–United States relations]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2011/251111_eu_us_relations_en.htm|title=European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) – The EU and the US: a special relationship}}</ref> as well as the following relations: |
A '''special relationship''' is a diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important. This term is usually used to refer to the [[Special Relationship|relationship]] between the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. In an extended use of the term, it has also been used to describe the whole of [[European Union–United States relations]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2011/251111_eu_us_relations_en.htm|title=European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) – The EU and the US: a special relationship}}</ref> as well as the following relations: |
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! width="350" | List of relationships |
! width="350" | List of relationships |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of China.svg}} [[Albania–China relations]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lüdtke |first1=Lisa |title=China's soft landing in the Balkans |url=https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/china-investment-bridgehead-balkans/ |website=GIS Reports |access-date=6 October 2022 |date=3 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boriçi |first1=Gjon |title=Albanian diplomacy serving China's strategy '58-'75 |journal=Albanian Studies |date=4 June 2020 |pages=79–99 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341909153 |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Kosovo.svg}} [[Albania–Kosovo relations]]<ref>Sulçebe, Dritan. "Albania and Kosovo. In quest of a Common Future." (2014).</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Kosovo.svg}} [[Albania–Kosovo relations]]<ref>Sulçebe, Dritan. "Albania and Kosovo. In quest of a Common Future." (2014).</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Argentina.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Brazil.svg}} [[Argentina–Brazil relations]]<ref>[http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/special/C1148-useful-guide-for-brazilians.php Useful Guide for Brazilians] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824225713/http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/special/C1148-useful-guide-for-brazilians.php |date=24 August 2011}} Argentina – Official Promotion Portal for Argentina. Retrieved on 28 November 2010.</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Argentina.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Brazil.svg}} [[Argentina–Brazil relations]]<ref>[http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/special/C1148-useful-guide-for-brazilians.php Useful Guide for Brazilians] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824225713/http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/special/C1148-useful-guide-for-brazilians.php |date=24 August 2011}} Argentina – Official Promotion Portal for Argentina. Retrieved on 28 November 2010.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Argentina.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Uruguay.svg}} [[Argentina–Uruguay relations]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=En qué se parecen y diferencian Argentina y Uruguay (y qué tan cierto es que "más que hermanos, son gemelos") |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49897799 |access-date=2024-08-12 |work=BBC News Mundo |language=es}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Armenia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} [[Armenia–France relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khachatrian |first1=Haroutiun |title=French-Armenian Relations: Past and Present |url=https://evnreport.com/politics/french-armenian-relations-past-and-present/ |agency=evnreport |date=December 4, 2023}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Armenia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} [[Armenia–France relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khachatrian |first1=Haroutiun |title=French-Armenian Relations: Past and Present |url=https://evnreport.com/politics/french-armenian-relations-past-and-present/ |agency=evnreport |date=December 4, 2023}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Armenia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Armenia–Russia relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khachatrian |first1=Haroutiun |title=Armenians Worry About Special Relationship with Russia |url=https://eurasianet.org/armenians-worry-about-special-relationship-with-russia |agency=[[EurasiaNet]] |date=February 15, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Demytrie |first1=Rayhan |title=Armenians challenge age-old links to Russia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37025532 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=10 August 2016 |quote=Armenia has maintained a special relationship with Russia since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kambeck |first1=Michael |title=Between the big blocs: Armenian foreign policy untangled |journal=European View |date=June 1, 2014 |volume=13 |pages=29–38 |doi=10.1007/s12290-014-0298-2 |publisher=[[Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies]] |s2cid=154016333 |quote=The author analyses the special relationship with Russia...|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Armenia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Armenia–Russia relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khachatrian |first1=Haroutiun |title=Armenians Worry About Special Relationship with Russia |url=https://eurasianet.org/armenians-worry-about-special-relationship-with-russia |agency=[[EurasiaNet]] |date=February 15, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Demytrie |first1=Rayhan |title=Armenians challenge age-old links to Russia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37025532 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=10 August 2016 |quote=Armenia has maintained a special relationship with Russia since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kambeck |first1=Michael |title=Between the big blocs: Armenian foreign policy untangled |journal=European View |date=June 1, 2014 |volume=13 |pages=29–38 |doi=10.1007/s12290-014-0298-2 |publisher=[[Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies]] |s2cid=154016333 |quote=The author analyses the special relationship with Russia...|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada.svg}} [[Australia–Canada relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/australia-australie/relations.aspx?lang=eng|title=Canada-Australia Relations|website=Government of Canada|date=9 January 2020 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} [[Australia–New Zealand relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/aussies-name-nz-as-their-new-best-friend-as-uncle-sams-allure-fades/DIPIJO5KFYH6NA4JPFOGTTGKYU/|title=Kiwis and Aussies, best friends forever?|website=NZ Herald|date=10 May 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poll.lowyinstitute.org/charts/feelings-towards-other-nations/|title=Feelings towards other nations - Lowy Institute Poll|first=Lowy|last=Institute|website=Lowy Institute Poll 2022}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} [[Australia–New Zealand relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/aussies-name-nz-as-their-new-best-friend-as-uncle-sams-allure-fades/DIPIJO5KFYH6NA4JPFOGTTGKYU/|title=Kiwis and Aussies, best friends forever?|website=NZ Herald|date=10 May 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poll.lowyinstitute.org/charts/feelings-towards-other-nations/|title=Feelings towards other nations - Lowy Institute Poll|first=Lowy|last=Institute|website=Lowy Institute Poll 2022}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg}} [[Australia–Singapore relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/international/global/singapore-and-australia-enter-new-chapter-cooperation-2025}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} [[Australia–South Africa relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://dirco.gov.za/bilateral-relations/}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} [[Australia–South Korea relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asialink.unimelb.edu.au/insights/rethinking-the-potential-for-australia-rok-relations|title=Rethinking the Potential for Australia-ROK Relations|date=12 October 2023 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Australia–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/aussies-name-nz-as-their-new-best-friend-as-uncle-sams-allure-fades/DIPIJO5KFYH6NA4JPFOGTTGKYU/|title=PARTNERS IN CRIMES? THE UK/AUSTRALIA SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP|date=5 November 2021|website=Declassified UK|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Australia–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/aussies-name-nz-as-their-new-best-friend-as-uncle-sams-allure-fades/DIPIJO5KFYH6NA4JPFOGTTGKYU/|title=PARTNERS IN CRIMES? THE UK/AUSTRALIA SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP|date=5 November 2021|website=Declassified UK|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} [[Canada–France relations]]<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780773575882-013/html?lang=en | doi=10.1515/9780773575882-013 | chapter=A Special Relationship? The Importance of France in Canadian Foreign Policy | title=Canada Among Nations, 2008 | date=2009 | last1=Massie | first1=Justin | pages=235–270 | isbn=978-0-7735-7588-2 }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} [[Canada–France relations]]<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780773575882-013/html?lang=en | doi=10.1515/9780773575882-013 | chapter=A Special Relationship? The Importance of France in Canadian Foreign Policy | title=Canada Among Nations, 2008 | date=2009 | last1=Massie | first1=Justin | pages=235–270 | isbn=978-0-7735-7588-2 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} [[Canada–New Zealand relations]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/new_zealand-nouvelle_zelande/relations.aspx?lang=eng| title =Canada-New Zealand Relations| date =4 March 2020}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Netherlands.svg}} [[Canada–Netherlands relations]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/ve-day-why-dutch-canadian-connections-have-stayed-so-strong-1.3057318| title = VE-Day: Why Dutch-Canadian connections have stayed so strong {{!}} CBC News}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg}} [[Canada–Singapore relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/singapore-singapour/relations.aspx?lang=eng}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} [[Canada–South Africa relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/south_africa-afrique_sud/relations.aspx?lang=eng}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} [[Canada–South Korea relations]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2023/01/canada-marks-60th-anniversary-of-diplomatic-relations-with-republic-of-korea.html| title = Canada marks 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations with Republic of Korea {{!}} Global Affairs Canada| date = 12 January 2023}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine.svg}} [[Canada–Ukraine relations]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harasymiw |first1=Bohdan |title=Harasymiw on Kordan, 'Strategic Friends: Canada-Ukraine Relations from Independence to the Euromaidan' |journal=H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews |date=June 2019 |url=http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=53901}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Burridge |first1=Tom |title=Canadian-Ukrainian relations: As thick as blood? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36739074 |access-date=12 January 2022 |agency=BBC News |date=11 July 2016}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Canada–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web | |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Canada–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web | |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[China–Russia relations]]<ref>Smolchenko, Anna. [https://archive.today/20130411013534/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jI8_kZmr2INskAt4erPYLeDxW9Zw?docId=CNG.456411c08037199e9bc2690b1b0726fa.211 "Putin Welcomes China's Xi for landmark talks."] [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]. 22 March 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/22/china-russia-a-special-relationship|title=China-Russia: a special relationship|publisher=Euronews|date=22 March 2013|access-date=18 March 2014|archive-date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620023443/http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/22/china-russia-a-special-relationship|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[China–Russia relations]]<ref>Smolchenko, Anna. [https://archive.today/20130411013534/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jI8_kZmr2INskAt4erPYLeDxW9Zw?docId=CNG.456411c08037199e9bc2690b1b0726fa.211 "Putin Welcomes China's Xi for landmark talks."] [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]. 22 March 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/22/china-russia-a-special-relationship|title=China-Russia: a special relationship|publisher=Euronews|date=22 March 2013|access-date=18 March 2014|archive-date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620023443/http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/22/china-russia-a-special-relationship|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} [[Cyprus–Greece relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kyprioscharacter.eie.gr/en/scientific-texts/details/cyprus-and-others/relations-between-athens-and-cyprus-during-classical-period |title=The relations between Athens and Cyprus during the classical period }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Cyprus–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukandeu.ac.uk/cyprus-special-ties-with-the-uk-will-determine-cypruss-final-stance/ |title=Cyprus: Special ties with the UK will determine Cyprus’s final stance}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Denmark.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg}} [[Denmark–Finland relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://um.fi/nordic-cooperation |title=Nordic cooperation }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Denmark.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Iceland.svg}} [[Denmark–Iceland relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://icelandictimes.com/northern-friends/ |title=A Special Relationship |date=12 December 2023 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Denmark.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} [[Denmark–Norway relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://finlandabroad.fi/web/isl/strong-political-relations |title=Strong political relations }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Denmark.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Sweden.svg}} [[Denmark–Sweden relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stratagem.no/danish-thoughts-on-finnish-and-swedish-nato-membership/amp/}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg}} [[Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/03/06/world/middleeast/ap-ml-emirates-supporting-egypt.html|title=Emirates Forges Special Relationship With El-Sissi's Egypt|date=6 March 2015|agency=Associated Press|via=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2015/01/19/Sisi-UAE-Egypt-relations-will-always-be-special|title=Sisi: UAE-Egypt relations will always be special|date=19 January 2015|website=Al Arabiya English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uae-egypt-diplomacy-idUSBRE91G08M20130217|title=Analysis: Rise of Islamists frays strategic UAE-Egyptian relations|author=Rania El Gamal and William Maclean|date=17 February 2013|work=Reuters|access-date=2 July 2017|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924175524/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/17/us-uae-egypt-diplomacy-idUSBRE91G08M20130217|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Al_Sisis_visit_bolsters_UAE-Egypt_ties/60543.htm|title=Al Sisi's visit bolsters UAE-Egypt ties|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061640/http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Al_Sisis_visit_bolsters_UAE-Egypt_ties/60543.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg}} [[Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/03/06/world/middleeast/ap-ml-emirates-supporting-egypt.html|title=Emirates Forges Special Relationship With El-Sissi's Egypt|date=6 March 2015|agency=Associated Press|via=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2015/01/19/Sisi-UAE-Egypt-relations-will-always-be-special|title=Sisi: UAE-Egypt relations will always be special|date=19 January 2015|website=Al Arabiya English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uae-egypt-diplomacy-idUSBRE91G08M20130217|title=Analysis: Rise of Islamists frays strategic UAE-Egyptian relations|author=Rania El Gamal and William Maclean|date=17 February 2013|work=Reuters|access-date=2 July 2017|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924175524/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/17/us-uae-egypt-diplomacy-idUSBRE91G08M20130217|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Al_Sisis_visit_bolsters_UAE-Egypt_ties/60543.htm|title=Al Sisi's visit bolsters UAE-Egypt ties|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061640/http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Al_Sisis_visit_bolsters_UAE-Egypt_ties/60543.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg}} [[Estonia–Finland relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://finlandabroad.fi/web/est/kahdenvaliset-suhteet |title=Kahdenväliset suhteet |language=fi |website=Finland abroad |publisher=Embassy of Finland, Tallinn |access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} [[Estonia–Germany relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/estonia/227928.html |title=Bilateral relations between Estonia and Germany |work=Auswärtiges-amt.de}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Iceland.svg}} [[Finland–Iceland relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://finlandabroad.fi/web/isl/strong-political-relations |title=Strong political relations }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} [[Finland–Norway relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/269a73e4-b70b-11e6-ba85-95d1533d9a62 |title=Norway and Finland thaw relations with Russia }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Finland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Sweden.svg}} [[Finland–Sweden relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.finland.se/public/default.aspx?nodeid=41776&contentlan=1&culture=fi-FI |title=Kahdenväliset suhteet Ruotsiin (Bilateral Relations to Sweden) | language=fi |date=16 September 2013 |website=finland.se/ |publisher=Embassy of Finland, Stockholm |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} [[France–Germany relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,15912600,00.html|title=What′s so special about the Franco-German relationship? – Europe – DW.COM – 07.05.2012|work=DW.COM}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} [[France–Greece relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151022-greece-hails-special-relationship-france-hollande-visit|title=france 24 – Greece hails 'special relationship' with France on Hollande visit – France 24|work=France 24|date=22 October 2015 }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} [[France–Greece relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151022-greece-hails-special-relationship-france-hollande-visit|title=france 24 – Greece hails 'special relationship' with France on Hollande visit – France 24|work=France 24|date=22 October 2015 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[France–India relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/exploring-the-india-france-special-relationship/|title=Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'|website=ORF}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[France–India relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/exploring-the-india-france-special-relationship/|title=Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'|website=ORF}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Lebanon.svg}} [[France–Lebanon relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.connexionfrance.com/news/why-france-and-lebanon-are-such-close-allies/427035 |title=Why France and Lebanon are such close allies|date=9 August 2020 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Lebanon.svg}} [[France–Lebanon relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.connexionfrance.com/news/why-france-and-lebanon-are-such-close-allies/427035 |title=Why France and Lebanon are such close allies}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Monaco.svg}} [[France–Monaco relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eeas.europa.eu/diplomatic-network/monaco/2290/monaco-and-eu_en|title=Monaco and the EU|website=EEAS – European External Action Service – European Commission}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[France–Portugal relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/portugal/france-and-portugal-65055/ |title=France and Portugal }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain.svg}} [[France–Spain relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/spain/france-and-spain-65031/ |title=France and Spain }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} [[France–South Korea relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.frstrategie.org/en/programs/korea-security-and-diplomacy-program/france-has-been-and-will-be-considered-one-most-important-countries-realizing-korea-s-policy-toward-europe-2019 |title=France has been and will be considered as one of the most important countries in realizing Korea's policy toward Europe :: Korea Security and Diplomacy Program :: Foundation for Strategic Research :: FRS }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[France–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The real special relationship|url=https://www.ft.com/content/beff1831-8d56-4df5-bbd9-2585abe30fcb|date=21 May 2023|work=Financial Times|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=France's Macron wants "very special relationship" with Britain after Brexit|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-eu-britain-macron-idUSKBN1YH1IH/|date=13 December 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[France–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The real special relationship|url=https://www.ft.com/content/beff1831-8d56-4df5-bbd9-2585abe30fcb|date=21 May 2023|work=Financial Times|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=France's Macron wants "very special relationship" with Britain after Brexit|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-eu-britain-macron-idUSKBN1YH1IH/|date=13 December 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[France–United States relations]]<ref>[https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-trump-may-move-over-britain-france-is-americas-bff-now/ Move over Britain, France is America's ‘special’ friend], POlitico.eu, 4/30,2018</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[France–United States relations]]<ref>[https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-trump-may-move-over-britain-france-is-americas-bff-now/ Move over Britain, France is America's ‘special’ friend], POlitico.eu, 4/30,2018</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Germany–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/pdf/case-studies/italian-german-relationship.pdf |title=The Italian - German Relationship: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Europe |first=Dario |last=Deserri |website=www.culturaldiplomacy.org}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Germany–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/pdf/case-studies/italian-german-relationship.pdf |title=The Italian - German Relationship: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Europe |first=Dario |last=Deserri |website=www.culturaldiplomacy.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205131307/http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/pdf/case-studies/italian-german-relationship.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} [[Germany–South Korea relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/01/the-new-dynamism-in-germanys-relations-with-south-korea/|title=The New Dynamism in Germany's Relations with South Korea}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain.svg}} [[Germany–Spain relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/spain/227984 |title=Germany and Spain: Bilateral relations }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Turkey.svg}} [[Germany–Turkey relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/turkey/228290|title=Geemany and Turkey:Biliteral Relations}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Germany–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://hbr.org/2016/06/the-u-s-special-relationship-is-with-germany-not-britain|title=The U.S.'s "Special Relationship" Is with Germany, Not Britain|journal=Harvard Business Review |date=29 June 2016|via=hbr.org |last1=Berghahn |first1=Volker R. }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/germany-brexit-relationship-225000|title=Germany: America's real special relationship|first=Benjamin|last=Oreskes|website=POLITICO}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Germany–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://hbr.org/2016/06/the-u-s-special-relationship-is-with-germany-not-britain|title=The U.S.'s "Special Relationship" Is with Germany, Not Britain|journal=Harvard Business Review |date=29 June 2016|via=hbr.org |last1=Berghahn |first1=Volker R. }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/germany-brexit-relationship-225000|title=Germany: America's real special relationship|first=Benjamin|last=Oreskes|website=POLITICO}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Greece–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Pavlopoulos and Mattarella confirm the longstanding Greek-Italian friendship (Παυλόπουλος και Ματαρέλα επιβεβαίωσαν τη μακρόχρονη ελληνοϊταλική φιλία) |url=http://www.documentonews.gr/article/paylopoylos-kai-matarela-epibebaiwsan-th-makroxronh-ellhnoitalikh-filia |publisher=documentonews.gr |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pavlopoulos – Mattarella: Strong friendship and a common vision between Greece and Italy (Παυλόπουλος – Ματαρέλα: Δυνατή φιλία και κοινή οπτική μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Ιταλίας) |url=http://news247.gr/eidiseis/politiki/paylopoylos-matarela-dynath-filia-kai-koinh-optikh-metaksu-elladas-kai-italias.4482614.html |publisher=news247.gr |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-date=6 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306131743/http://news247.gr/eidiseis/politiki/paylopoylos-matarela-dynath-filia-kai-koinh-optikh-metaksu-elladas-kai-italias.4482614.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Greece-Italy alliance (Ελλάδα-Ιταλία συμμαχία) |url=http://makthes.gr/%CE%B5-%CE%B5-%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1-%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1/ |publisher=makthes.gr |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-date=6 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306134643/http://makthes.gr/%CE%B5-%CE%B5-%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1-%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A medal of honor for the Greek-Italian relations (Ενα παράσημο για τις ελληνοϊταλικές σχέσεις) |url=http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=400223 |publisher=enet.gr |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Greece–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Pavlopoulos and Mattarella confirm the longstanding Greek-Italian friendship (Παυλόπουλος και Ματαρέλα επιβεβαίωσαν τη μακρόχρονη ελληνοϊταλική φιλία) |url=http://www.documentonews.gr/article/paylopoylos-kai-matarela-epibebaiwsan-th-makroxronh-ellhnoitalikh-filia |publisher=documentonews.gr |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pavlopoulos – Mattarella: Strong friendship and a common vision between Greece and Italy (Παυλόπουλος – Ματαρέλα: Δυνατή φιλία και κοινή οπτική μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Ιταλίας) |url=http://news247.gr/eidiseis/politiki/paylopoylos-matarela-dynath-filia-kai-koinh-optikh-metaksu-elladas-kai-italias.4482614.html |publisher=news247.gr |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-date=6 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306131743/http://news247.gr/eidiseis/politiki/paylopoylos-matarela-dynath-filia-kai-koinh-optikh-metaksu-elladas-kai-italias.4482614.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Greece-Italy alliance (Ελλάδα-Ιταλία συμμαχία) |url=http://makthes.gr/%CE%B5-%CE%B5-%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1-%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1/ |publisher=makthes.gr |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-date=6 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306134643/http://makthes.gr/%CE%B5-%CE%B5-%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1-%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A medal of honor for the Greek-Italian relations (Ενα παράσημο για τις ελληνοϊταλικές σχέσεις) |url=http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=400223 |publisher=enet.gr |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Greece–Portugal relations|Greece–Portugal relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://atenas.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/en/the-embassy/message-from-the-ambassador}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain.svg}} [[Greece–Spain relations|Greece–Spain relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/spain-wants-best-possible-relationship-with-greece-rajoy-says-1425502036 |title=Spain wants best possible relationship with Greece Rajoy says}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Greece–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite web|title= How Greece Became One of America's—and Israel's—Closest Allies |date= 18 June 2019 |url= https://washingtonmonthly.com/2019/06/18/how-greece-became-one-of-americas-and-israels-closest-allies/ |publisher= washingtonmonthly.com |access-date=13 December 2021}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Vatican City.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Holy See–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgRXYUErAc4C&q=Relazioni+Vaticano-Italia&pg=PT203|title=I corvi del Vaticano|isbn=9788873397939|last1=Frattini|first1=Eric|date=12 March 2013|publisher=Sperling & Kupfer }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813092149/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html|url-status=dead|title=Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri|archive-date=13 August 2013|website=www.vatican.va}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Vatican City.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Holy See–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgRXYUErAc4C&q=Relazioni+Vaticano-Italia&pg=PT203|title=I corvi del Vaticano|isbn=9788873397939|last1=Frattini|first1=Eric|date=12 March 2013|publisher=Sperling & Kupfer }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813092149/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html|url-status=dead|title=Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri|archive-date=13 August 2013|website=www.vatican.va}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Iceland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} [[Iceland–Norway relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.efta-studies.org/a-special-relationship |title=A 'special relationship' built on a patchwork }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Iceland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} [[Iceland–Norway relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.efta-studies.org/a-special-relationship |title=A 'special relationship' built on a patchwork }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Iceland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Sweden.svg}} [[Iceland–Sweden relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.norden.org/en/information/history-nordic-region |title=The history of the Nordic Region | Nordic cooperation }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} [[India–Israel relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lKEJBadmAQC&q=india+israel+relations+%22special+relationship%22&pg=PA337|title=Indian Foreign Policy|year=2007|isbn=9788171885930|last1=Sinha |first1=Atish |last2=Mohta |first2=Madhup |publisher=Academic Foundation }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} [[India–Israel relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lKEJBadmAQC&q=india+israel+relations+%22special+relationship%22&pg=PA337|title=Indian Foreign Policy|year=2007|isbn=9788171885930|last1=Sinha |first1=Atish |last2=Mohta |first2=Madhup |publisher=Academic Foundation }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[India–Russia relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |website=Embassy of India, Moscow (Russia) |title=Bilateral Relations: India-Russia |url=http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/bilateral-relations/bilateral-relations-india-russia |access-date=2022-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727103251/http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/bilateral-relations/bilateral-relations-india-russia |archive-date=27 July 2018 }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[India–Russia relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |website=Embassy of India, Moscow (Russia) |title=Bilateral Relations: India-Russia |url=http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/bilateral-relations/bilateral-relations-india-russia |access-date=2022-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727103251/http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/bilateral-relations/bilateral-relations-india-russia |archive-date=27 July 2018 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} [[India–South Korea relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indembassyseoul.gov.in/india-rok-bilateral-relations}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[India–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-india-announce-new-era-in-bilateral-relationship |website=HM Government |title=UK and India announce new era in bilateral relationship}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[India–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-india-announce-new-era-in-bilateral-relationship |website=HM Government |title=UK and India announce new era in bilateral relationship}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[India–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/weekinreview/07yardley.html |first1= Jim |last1=Yardley |date= Nov 6, 2010 |website=The New York Times |title=America and India: The Almost-Special Relationship|access-date=2010-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipe.com/joseph-mariathasan-india-and-the-us-a-new-special-relationship/10033286.article |url-access=limited |website=IPE |first1= Joseph |last1=Mariathasan |date=24 September 2019 |title=India and the US – a new special relationship?|access-date=2019-09-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201122150/https://www.ipe.com/joseph-mariathasan-india-and-the-us-a-new-special-relationship/10033286.article |archive-date= Dec 1, 2021 }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[India–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/weekinreview/07yardley.html |first1= Jim |last1=Yardley |date= Nov 6, 2010 |website=The New York Times |title=America and India: The Almost-Special Relationship|access-date=2010-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipe.com/joseph-mariathasan-india-and-the-us-a-new-special-relationship/10033286.article |url-access=limited |website=IPE |first1= Joseph |last1=Mariathasan |date=24 September 2019 |title=India and the US – a new special relationship?|access-date=2019-09-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201122150/https://www.ipe.com/joseph-mariathasan-india-and-the-us-a-new-special-relationship/10033286.article |archive-date= Dec 1, 2021 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Indonesia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Netherlands.svg}} [[Indonesia–Netherlands relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/02/indonesia-and-netherlands-a-special-relationship.html |title=Indonesia and the Netherlands: A special relationship|last=Marsudi|first=Retno|date=April 2, 2012|website=[[The Jakarta Post]]|access-date=29 May 2013}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Indonesia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Suriname.svg}} [[Indonesia–Suriname relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/03/19/indonesia-suriname-set-stronger-cooperation.html |title=Indonesia, Suriname set for stronger cooperation|date=March 19, 2013|website=The Jakarta Post|access-date=10 June 2013}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ireland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Ireland–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/editorials/2023/04/15/the-irish-times-view-on-ireland-and-the-united-states-the-special-relationship/ |title=The Irish Times view on Ireland and the United States: The special relationship |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ireland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Ireland–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/editorials/2023/04/15/the-irish-times-view-on-ireland-and-the-united-states-the-special-relationship/ |title=The Irish Times view on Ireland and the United States: The special relationship |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} [[Israel–Philippines relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last=dela Cruz |first=Roderick |date=March 12, 2016 |title=Why Israel offers visa-free access to Filipino tourists |url=http://thestandard.com.ph/business/201576/why-israel-offers-visa-free-access-to-filipino-tourists.html |newspaper=[[Manila Standard]] |location=Philippines |access-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-date=December 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225131222/http://thestandard.com.ph/business/201576/why-israel-offers-visa-free-access-to-filipino-tourists.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hoffman |first=Carl |date=April 11, 2007 |title=The ties that bind: Filipinos and Jews, the Philippines and Israel |url=http://www.jpost.com/Features/The-ties-that-bind-Filipinos-and-Jews-the-Philippines-and-Israel |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |location=Israel |access-date=February 23, 2017}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Israel–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/raw-truth-about-uks-special-relationship-israel |first1=Mark |last1=Curtis |title=The raw truth about the UK's special relationship with Israel|date=10 August 2018|website=Middle East Eye|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Israel–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/raw-truth-about-uks-special-relationship-israel |first1=Mark |last1=Curtis |title=The raw truth about the UK's special relationship with Israel|date=10 August 2018|website=Middle East Eye|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Israel–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://open.salon.com/blog/ted_frier/2013/04/28/the_us-israeli_special_relationship |title=The US-Israeli "Special Relationship" |date=April 28, 2013 |first1=Ted |last1=Frier |website=Open Salon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610152210/http://www.open.salon.com/blog/ted_frier/2013/04/28/the_us-israeli_special_relationship |archive-date=10 June 2013 }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Israel–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://open.salon.com/blog/ted_frier/2013/04/28/the_us-israeli_special_relationship |title=The US-Israeli "Special Relationship" |date=April 28, 2013 |first1=Ted |last1=Frier |website=Open Salon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610152210/http://www.open.salon.com/blog/ted_frier/2013/04/28/the_us-israeli_special_relationship |archive-date=10 June 2013 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Italy–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=O. J. |title=Great Britain and the Unifying of Italy: A Special Relationship? |date=2019 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-59396-2 |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-59397-9 |language=en |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330055756}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain.svg}} [[Italy–Spain relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/commentaries/italy-and-spain-a-tale-of-two-countries/ |title=Italy and Spain: A tale of two countries }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Italy–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330055756}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Italy–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/the-u-s-italy-relationship/}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} [[Japan–Philippines relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cervantes |first1=Filane Mikee |title=House adopts reso enhancing PH-Japan parliamentary ties |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1206845 |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=[[Philippine News Agency]] |date=1 August 2023 |quote=It also said that with the accession of Japan as a dialogue partner to the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, "the special relationship of the Philippines and Japan is further developed, and the regional cooperation towards perpetual peace, everlasting amity, and collaboration among the peoples in ASEAN is enhanced." |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208222717/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1206845 |archive-date= Dec 8, 2023 }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} [[Japan–Philippines relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cervantes |first1=Filane Mikee |title=House adopts reso enhancing PH-Japan parliamentary ties |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1206845 |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=[[Philippine News Agency]] |date=1 August 2023 |quote=It also said that with the accession of Japan as a dialogue partner to the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, "the special relationship of the Philippines and Japan is further developed, and the regional cooperation towards perpetual peace, everlasting amity, and collaboration among the peoples in ASEAN is enhanced." |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208222717/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1206845 |archive-date= Dec 8, 2023 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Laos.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Vietnam.svg}} [[Laos–Vietnam relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA184240|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327233850/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA184240|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 March 2014|title=Vietnam and Laos: The Special Relationship | last=Zagioff | first=Joseph J | publisher=Department of State Washington DC Office of External Research | date=March 1987 |website=DTIC OAI | access-date=1 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=China and Vietnam square off in Laos|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JH30Ae01.html |first1=Brian |last1=McCartan |date= Aug 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202102356/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JH30Ae01.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2 December 2008|work=Asia Times Online|access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A New Role for an Old Tale: Vietnam as a Donor to Laos |work=A Safari Towards Aid Effectiveness? |url=http://www.norrag.org/es/publications/boletin-norrag/online-version/a-safari-towards-aid-effectiveness/detail/a-new-role-for-an-old-tale-vietnam-as-a-donor-to-laos.html |publisher=NORRAG |date=June 2009 |first1=Manynooch |last1=Faming |access-date=26 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327204104/http://www.norrag.org/es/publications/boletin-norrag/online-version/a-safari-towards-aid-effectiveness/detail/a-new-role-for-an-old-tale-vietnam-as-a-donor-to-laos.html |archive-date= Mar 27, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dialogue on Laos and Vietnam|url=http://fpif.org/dialogue_on_laos_and_vietnam/ |date=December 28, 2006 |website=FPIF |first1=John |last1=Feffer |first2=Ronald Bruce |last2=St John |first3=Andrew |last3=Wells-Dang |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Laos.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Vietnam.svg}} [[Laos–Vietnam relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA184240|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327233850/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA184240|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 March 2014|title=Vietnam and Laos: The Special Relationship | last=Zagioff | first=Joseph J | publisher=Department of State Washington DC Office of External Research | date=March 1987 |website=DTIC OAI | access-date=1 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=China and Vietnam square off in Laos|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JH30Ae01.html |first1=Brian |last1=McCartan |date= Aug 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202102356/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JH30Ae01.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2 December 2008|work=Asia Times Online|access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A New Role for an Old Tale: Vietnam as a Donor to Laos |work=A Safari Towards Aid Effectiveness? |url=http://www.norrag.org/es/publications/boletin-norrag/online-version/a-safari-towards-aid-effectiveness/detail/a-new-role-for-an-old-tale-vietnam-as-a-donor-to-laos.html |publisher=NORRAG |date=June 2009 |first1=Manynooch |last1=Faming |access-date=26 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327204104/http://www.norrag.org/es/publications/boletin-norrag/online-version/a-safari-towards-aid-effectiveness/detail/a-new-role-for-an-old-tale-vietnam-as-a-donor-to-laos.html |archive-date= Mar 27, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dialogue on Laos and Vietnam|url=http://fpif.org/dialogue_on_laos_and_vietnam/ |date=December 28, 2006 |website=FPIF |first1=John |last1=Feffer |first2=Ronald Bruce |last2=St John |first3=Andrew |last3=Wells-Dang |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Liechtenstein.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Switzerland.svg}} [[Liechtenstein–Switzerland relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.llv.li/en/national-administration/diplomatic-representations/berne-ch/bilateral-relations-liechtenstein---switzerland}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Moldova.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}} [[Moldova–Romania relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chisinau.mae.ro/node/221|title=Relații bilaterale - Scurt istoric|work=AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Republica Moldova}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Moldova.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}} [[Moldova–Romania relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chisinau.mae.ro/node/221|title=Relații bilaterale - Scurt istoric|work=AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Republica Moldova}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Sweden.svg}} [[Norway–Sweden relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183pz3k |jstor=j.ctt183pz3k |title=Norway-Sweden |last1=Lindgren |first1=Raymond E. |date=10 May 2024 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-05138-3 }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Sweden.svg}} [[Norway–Sweden relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183pz3k |jstor=j.ctt183pz3k |title=Norway-Sweden |last1=Lindgren |first1=Raymond E. |date=10 May 2024 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-05138-3 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg}} [[New Zealand–Singapore relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/asia/singapore}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} [[New Zealand–South Korea relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/09/better-late-than-never-south-korea-and-new-zealand-in-the-south-pacific/}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} [[New Zealand–South Africa relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://sahighcommission.co.nz/bilateral-relations}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[New Zealand–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-uk-and-new-zealand-a-special-relationship-for-the-21st-century/|title=The UK and New Zwaland a Special Relationship for the 21st century|date=17 January 2020 }}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[New Zealand–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-uk-and-new-zealand-a-special-relationship-for-the-21st-century/|title=The UK and New Zwaland a Special Relationship for the 21st century|date=17 January 2020 }}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of United States.svg}} [[New Zealand–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-new-zealand-relationship/}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Oman.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Oman–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain and Oman: Will their growing special relationship survive succession?|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/britain-and-oman-will-their-growing-special-relationship-survive-succession|date=17 June 2019|access-date=4 December 2023|website=Middle East Eye|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain's Dangerous and Ignored Special Relationship With Oman|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mark-curtis/britain-oman_b_11426144.html|date=11 August 2016|access-date=4 December 2023|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Oman.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Oman–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain and Oman: Will their growing special relationship survive succession?|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/britain-and-oman-will-their-growing-special-relationship-survive-succession|date=17 June 2019|access-date=4 December 2023|website=Middle East Eye|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain's Dangerous and Ignored Special Relationship With Oman|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mark-curtis/britain-oman_b_11426144.html|date=11 August 2016|access-date=4 December 2023|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg}} [[Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/giorgio-cafiero/saudi-arabia-and-pakistan_b_8617868.html|title=Saudi Arabia and Pakistan's Evolving Alliance|work=Huffington Post|date=23 November 2015|access-date=27 January 2016|first1=Giorgio|last1=Cafiero|first2=Daniel|last2=Wagner}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inss.org.il/index.aspx?id=4538&articleid=11441|title=Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: How Special are the "Special Relations"?|work=The Institute for National Security Studies|first=Yoel|last=Guzansky|date=16 February 2016|access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Chaos in the Middle East: 2014–2016|first=Neville|last=Teller|page=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TsuADAAAQBAJ&pg=PA246|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|date=2016|isbn=9781785892820}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg}} [[Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/giorgio-cafiero/saudi-arabia-and-pakistan_b_8617868.html|title=Saudi Arabia and Pakistan's Evolving Alliance|work=Huffington Post|date=23 November 2015|access-date=27 January 2016|first1=Giorgio|last1=Cafiero|first2=Daniel|last2=Wagner}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inss.org.il/index.aspx?id=4538&articleid=11441|title=Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: How Special are the "Special Relations"?|work=The Institute for National Security Studies|first=Yoel|last=Guzansky|date=16 February 2016|access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Chaos in the Middle East: 2014–2016|first=Neville|last=Teller|page=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TsuADAAAQBAJ&pg=PA246|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|date=2016|isbn=9781785892820}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain.svg}} [[Philippines–Spain relations]]<ref> |
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{{cite web|url = http://terranoticias.terra.es/articulo/html/av21681396.htm|title = Baler recuerda a los 'últimos de Filipinas' en Día Amistad Hispano-filipina|date = June 30, 2007|publisher = Terra Noticias (noticias.terra.es)|location = Spain|language = Spanish |
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|trans-title=Baler remembers the "Last ones of the Philippines" in Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Portugal–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-portugal-celebrate-the-worlds-longest-diplomatic-alliance |title=UK and Portugal celebrate the world's longest diplomatic alliance }}</ref> |
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|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111007214652/http://terranoticias.terra.es/articulo/html/av21681396.htm |
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|archivedate = October 7, 2011 |
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|accessdate = July 20, 2010 |
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}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Philippines–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salans |first1=Carl F. |last2=Belmans |first2=Murray J. |title=An Appraisal of the United States—Philippines' Special Relationship |journal=[[Washington Law Review]] |date=1 August 1965 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=447–476 |url=https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol40/iss3/5 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sen |first1=Rabindra |title=PHILIPPINES – U.S. SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP: COLD WAR AND BEYOND |journal=Jadavpur Journal of International Relations |date=June 2005 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=85–92 |doi=10.1177/0973598405110005 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0973598405110005?journalCode=jnra |access-date=4 November 2023 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]]}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Philippines–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salans |first1=Carl F. |last2=Belmans |first2=Murray J. |title=An Appraisal of the United States—Philippines' Special Relationship |journal=[[Washington Law Review]] |date=1 August 1965 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=447–476 |url=https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol40/iss3/5 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sen |first1=Rabindra |title=PHILIPPINES – U.S. SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP: COLD WAR AND BEYOND |journal=Jadavpur Journal of International Relations |date=June 2005 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=85–92 |doi=10.1177/0973598405110005 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0973598405110005?journalCode=jnra |access-date=4 November 2023 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]]}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain.svg}} [[Portugal–Spain relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/work-document/spain-and-portugal-from-distant-neighbours-to-uneasy-associates/ |title=Spain and Portugal: From Distant Neighbours to Uneasy Associates }}</ref> |
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|{{Flagicon|Qatar}} {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Qatar–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK ALLOWS KEY HAMAS FUNDER TO HAVE MILITARY BASE IN NORTHERN ENGLAND|url=https://www.declassifieduk.org/uk-allows-key-hamas-funder-to-have-military-base-in-northern-england/|date=9 October 2023|access-date=4 December 2023|website=Desclassified UK|language=en}}</ref> |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} {{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Russia–Serbia relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samorukov |first=Maxim |title=Last Friend in Europe: How Far Will Russia Go to Preserve Its Alliance With Serbia? |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/politika/87303 |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref> |
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} {{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Russia–Serbia relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samorukov |first=Maxim |title=Last Friend in Europe: How Far Will Russia Go to Preserve Its Alliance With Serbia? |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/politika/87303 |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref> |
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|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK-Saudi Arabia: the new special relationship|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/defence-and-security-blog/2015/oct/07/uk-saudi-arabia-the-new-special-relationship|date=7 October 2015|access-date=4 December 2023|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UK AND SAUDI ARABIA|url=https://therealnews.com/rm0802asmith|date=6 August 2017|access-date=4 December 2023|website=The Real News|language=en}}</ref> |
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK-Saudi Arabia: the new special relationship|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/defence-and-security-blog/2015/oct/07/uk-saudi-arabia-the-new-special-relationship|date=7 October 2015|access-date=4 December 2023|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UK AND SAUDI ARABIA|url=https://therealnews.com/rm0802asmith|date=6 August 2017|access-date=4 December 2023|website=The Real News|language=en}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Singapore–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-uk-elevate-ties-strategic-partnership-pm-lee-hsien-loong-rishi-sunak-3758241}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Singapore–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://sg.usembassy.gov/u-s-singapore-relations/}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of Singapore.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of China.svg}} [[Singapore–Taiwan relations]]<ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/52bb620e-b601-11e6-ba85-95d1533d9a62}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[South Africa–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>'The Transvaal Blue-Book', ''The Times'' (16 September 1899), pg. 3, col. C.</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[South Africa–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>'The Transvaal Blue-Book', ''The Times'' (16 September 1899), pg. 3, col. C.</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[South Korea–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=What does the Korean War reveal about the 'special relationship'? |url=https://www.churchillarchiveforschools.com/themes/the-themes/anglo-american-relations/what-does-the-korean-war-reveal-about-the-special-relationship |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=Churchill Archive for Schools}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Turkey.svg}} [[South Korea–Turkey relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/02/120_4062.html|title=Turkey, Korea Blood Brothers|date=3 June 2007|website=koreatimes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey and South Korea: Blood brothers for 60 years |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/turkey-and-south-korea-blood-brothers-for-60-years/475359 |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and the Republic of Korea|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-republic-of-korea.en.mfa |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=www.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[South Korea–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=What's Next for the South Korea-UK Relationship?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/12/whats-next-for-the-south-korea-u-k-relationship/}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[South Korea–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=What does the Korean War reveal about the 'special relationship'? |url=https://www.churchillarchiveforschools.com/themes/the-themes/anglo-american-relations/what-does-the-korean-war-reveal-about-the-special-relationship |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=www.churchillarchiveforschools.com}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of China.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Taiwan–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/press-release/chairman-royce-meets-president-tsai-taiwan/|title=Chairman Royce Meets with President Tsai in Taiwan|date=2017-09-01|website=[[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|Committee on Foreign Affairs]]|publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of China.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Taiwan–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/press-release/chairman-royce-meets-president-tsai-taiwan/|title=Chairman Royce Meets with President Tsai in Taiwan|date=2017-09-01|website=[[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|Committee on Foreign Affairs]]|publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> |
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| {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/news-comment/the-other-special-relationship-the-uae-and-the-uk|title=The other special relationship: the UAE and the UK|author=Sultan Al Qassemi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/politics/sheikh-khalifas-trip-will-strengthen-uk-uae-ties|title=Sheikh Khalifa's trip will strengthen UK-UAE ties|author=Colin Simpson|date=25 April 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sheikhmohammed.com/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=15e504ee11a11310VgnVCM1000004d64a8c0RCRD|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231054104/http://www.sheikhmohammed.com/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=15e504ee11a11310VgnVCM1000004d64a8c0RCRD|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-12-31|title=الرئيسية – صاحب السمو الشيخ محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 23:16, 21 November 2024
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A special relationship is a diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important. This term is usually used to refer to the relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom. In an extended use of the term, it has also been used to describe the whole of European Union–United States relations,[1] as well as the following relations:
See also
References
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- ^ Demytrie, Rayhan (10 August 2016). "Armenians challenge age-old links to Russia". BBC News.
Armenia has maintained a special relationship with Russia since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991...
- ^ Kambeck, Michael (1 June 2014). "Between the big blocs: Armenian foreign policy untangled". European View. 13. Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies: 29–38. doi:10.1007/s12290-014-0298-2. S2CID 154016333.
The author analyses the special relationship with Russia...
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- ^ Massie, Justin (2009). "A Special Relationship? The Importance of France in Canadian Foreign Policy". Canada Among Nations, 2008. pp. 235–270. doi:10.1515/9780773575882-013. ISBN 978-0-7735-7588-2.
- ^ "Canada-United Kingdom relations | Government of Canada". 19 December 2019.
- ^ Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent said: "the special nature of our relationship to the United Kingdom and the United States complicates our responsibilities..." quoted in: H.H. Herstien, L.J. Hughes, R.C. Kirbyson. Challenge & Survival: The History of Canada (Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall, 1970). p 411
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- ^ "Cyprus: Special ties with the UK will determine Cyprus's final stance".
- ^ "Emirates Forges Special Relationship With El-Sissi's Egypt". Associated Press. 6 March 2015 – via The New York Times.
- ^ "Sisi: UAE-Egypt relations will always be special". Al Arabiya English. 19 January 2015.
- ^ Rania El Gamal and William Maclean (17 February 2013). "Analysis: Rise of Islamists frays strategic UAE-Egyptian relations". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ^ "Al Sisi's visit bolsters UAE-Egypt ties". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ "france 24 – Greece hails 'special relationship' with France on Hollande visit – France 24". France 24. 22 October 2015.
- ^ "Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'". ORF.
- ^ "Why France and Lebanon are such close allies". 9 August 2020.
- ^ "The real special relationship". Financial Times. 21 May 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "France's Macron wants "very special relationship" with Britain after Brexit". Reuters. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Move over Britain, France is America's ‘special’ friend, POlitico.eu, 4/30,2018
- ^ Deserri, Dario. "The Italian - German Relationship: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Europe" (PDF). www.culturaldiplomacy.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2012.
- ^ Berghahn, Volker R. (29 June 2016). "The U.S.'s "Special Relationship" Is with Germany, Not Britain". Harvard Business Review – via hbr.org.
- ^ Oreskes, Benjamin. "Germany: America's real special relationship". POLITICO.
- ^ "Pavlopoulos and Mattarella confirm the longstanding Greek-Italian friendship (Παυλόπουλος και Ματαρέλα επιβεβαίωσαν τη μακρόχρονη ελληνοϊταλική φιλία)". documentonews.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ "Pavlopoulos – Mattarella: Strong friendship and a common vision between Greece and Italy (Παυλόπουλος – Ματαρέλα: Δυνατή φιλία και κοινή οπτική μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Ιταλίας)". news247.gr. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ "Greece-Italy alliance (Ελλάδα-Ιταλία συμμαχία)". makthes.gr. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ "A medal of honor for the Greek-Italian relations (Ενα παράσημο για τις ελληνοϊταλικές σχέσεις)". enet.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ Frattini, Eric (12 March 2013). I corvi del Vaticano. Sperling & Kupfer. ISBN 9788873397939.
- ^ "Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013.
- ^ "A 'special relationship' built on a patchwork".
- ^ Sinha, Atish; Mohta, Madhup (2007). Indian Foreign Policy. Academic Foundation. ISBN 9788171885930.
- ^ Will strive to take India-Nepal ties to Himalayan heights, says Modi, The Mint, 1 June 2023, retrieved 14 July 2023
- ^ "Bilateral Relations: India-Russia". Embassy of India, Moscow (Russia). Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "UK and India announce new era in bilateral relationship". HM Government.
- ^ Yardley, Jim (6 November 2010). "America and India: The Almost-Special Relationship". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
- ^ Mariathasan, Joseph (24 September 2019). "India and the US – a new special relationship?". IPE. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ Marsudi, Retno (2 April 2012). "Indonesia and the Netherlands: A special relationship". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "Indonesia, Suriname set for stronger cooperation". The Jakarta Post. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ "The Irish Times view on Ireland and the United States: The special relationship". The Irish Times.
- ^ Curtis, Mark (10 August 2018). "The raw truth about the UK's special relationship with Israel". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Frier, Ted (28 April 2013). "The US-Israeli "Special Relationship"". Open Salon. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013.
- ^ Wright, O. J. (2019). Great Britain and the Unifying of Italy: A Special Relationship?. Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59397-9. ISBN 978-1-137-59396-2.
- ^ Cervantes, Filane Mikee (1 August 2023). "House adopts reso enhancing PH-Japan parliamentary ties". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
It also said that with the accession of Japan as a dialogue partner to the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, "the special relationship of the Philippines and Japan is further developed, and the regional cooperation towards perpetual peace, everlasting amity, and collaboration among the peoples in ASEAN is enhanced."
- ^ Hastert, J. Dennis (27 February 2015). "U.S.-Japanese Friendship: 70 Remarkable Years | Commentary". Roll Call. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
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- ^ Zagioff, Joseph J (March 1987). "Vietnam and Laos: The Special Relationship". DTIC OAI. Department of State Washington DC Office of External Research. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
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- ^ "The UK and New Zwaland a Special Relationship for the 21st century". 17 January 2020.
- ^ "Britain and Oman: Will their growing special relationship survive succession?". Middle East Eye. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "Britain's Dangerous and Ignored Special Relationship With Oman". HuffPost. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Cafiero, Giorgio; Wagner, Daniel (23 November 2015). "Saudi Arabia and Pakistan's Evolving Alliance". Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
- ^ Guzansky, Yoel (16 February 2016). "Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: How Special are the "Special Relations"?". The Institute for National Security Studies. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
- ^ Teller, Neville (2016). The Chaos in the Middle East: 2014–2016. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 246. ISBN 9781785892820.
- ^ "Baler recuerda a los 'últimos de Filipinas' en Día Amistad Hispano-filipina" [Baler remembers the "Last ones of the Philippines" in Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day] (in Spanish). Spain: Terra Noticias (noticias.terra.es). 30 June 2007. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ Salans, Carl F.; Belmans, Murray J. (1 August 1965). "An Appraisal of the United States—Philippines' Special Relationship". Washington Law Review. 40 (3): 447–476. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ Sen, Rabindra (June 2005). "PHILIPPINES – U.S. SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP: COLD WAR AND BEYOND". Jadavpur Journal of International Relations. 9 (1). Sage Publishing: 85–92. doi:10.1177/0973598405110005. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ "Spain and Portugal: From Distant Neighbours to Uneasy Associates".
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- ^ 'The Transvaal Blue-Book', The Times (16 September 1899), pg. 3, col. C.
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