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{{Short description|Diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important}}
{{orphan|date=October 2009}}
{{Other uses|Special Relationship (disambiguation)}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Synthesis| reason=No apparent reason relationships in this list are exclusively "special"; smacks of original research; ideally need a source that provides a strict definition and a specific list that meets those criteria|date=October 2018}}
{{Original research|date=September 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
[[File:NE Monaco From Cap Martin France Sep23 A7C 06556.jpg|thumb|[[Monaco]], a [[European microstates|microstate]] on the [[French Riviera]], holds a special relationship with its neighbour France. The [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Minister of State]], the [[head of government]] of Monaco, is usually a French citizen, whose appointment by the [[Monarchy of Monaco|Prince of Monaco]] is proposed by the [[Government of France]].]]
A '''special relationship''' is a diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important. This term is usually used to refer to the [[Special Relationship|relationship]] between the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. In an extended use of the term, it has also been used to describe the whole of [[European Union–United States relations]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2011/251111_eu_us_relations_en.htm|title=European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) – The EU and the US: a special relationship}}</ref> as well as the following relations:


{| class="wikitable"
The term '''special relationship''', in diplomacy, is used to describe exceptionally strong ties between nations, notably by [[Winston Churchill]] in 1946 to describe relations between the [[Anglosphere|English-speaking people]] (see [[Special Relationship (US-UK)]]). In its extended use outside [[United Kingdom–United States relations]] has also been used to describe:
! width="350" | List of relationships
*Relations between the different parts of the [[British Empire]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]<ref>'Status of the Dominions', ''The Times'' (22 November 1926), pg. 9, col. C.</ref><ref>'The Empire Reviewed', ''The Times'' (22 November 1926), pg. 14, col. A.</ref>
|-
*[[British-Canadian relations|Canada-United Kingdom relations]]<ref name="survive">Prime Minister [[Louis St. Laurent]] said: "the special nature of our relationship to the United Kingdom and the United States complicates our responsibilities..." quoted in: H.H. Herstien, L.J. Hughes, R.C. Kirbyson. ''Challenge & Survival: The History of Canada'' (Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall, 1970). p 411</ref>
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Albania.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Kosovo.svg}} [[Albania–Kosovo relations]]<ref>Sulçebe, Dritan. "Albania and Kosovo. In quest of a Common Future." (2014).</ref>
*[[South Africa-United Kingdom relations]]<ref>'The Transvaal Blue-Book', ''The Times'' (16 September 1899), pg. 3, col. C.</ref>
|-
*[[Foreign relations of Egypt|Egypt-United Kingdom relations]]<ref>'British Policy in Egypt', ''The Times'' (13 December 1929), pg. 15, col. E.</ref>
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Argentina.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Brazil.svg}} [[Argentina–Brazil relations]]<ref>[http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/special/C1148-useful-guide-for-brazilians.php Useful Guide for Brazilians] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824225713/http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/special/C1148-useful-guide-for-brazilians.php |date=24 August 2011}} Argentina – Official Promotion Portal for Argentina. Retrieved on 28 November 2010.</ref>
*[[Anglo-Egyptian Condominium|Egypt-Sudan relations]]<ref>Charles A. Seldon, 'Britain Uncertain on Trade-War Gain', ''New York Times'' (9 May 1934), pg. 3.</ref>
|-
*[[Australia–New Zealand relations]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Argentina.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Uruguay.svg}} [[Argentina–Uruguay relations]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=En qué se parecen y diferencian Argentina y Uruguay (y qué tan cierto es que "más que hermanos, son gemelos") |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49897799 |access-date=2024-08-12 |work=BBC News Mundo |language=es}}</ref>
*[[Canada–United States relations]]<ref name="survive"/><ref>[http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73495_index.html Canada in North America:
|-
Farewell to the 'Special Relationship' ],</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb009/is_200409/ai_n13336805 From special relationship to Third Option: Canada, the U.S., and the Nixon Shock.]</ref><ref>[http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2007/08/17/allan-gotlieb-bring-back-the-special-relationship.aspx Allan Gotlieb: Bring back the special relationship]</ref>
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Armenia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} [[Armenia–France relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khachatrian |first1=Haroutiun |title=French-Armenian Relations: Past and Present |url=https://evnreport.com/politics/french-armenian-relations-past-and-present/ |agency=evnreport |date=December 4, 2023}}</ref>
*[[Israel–United States relations]]
|-
*[[Pakistan-Turkey relations]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Armenia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Armenia–Russia relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khachatrian |first1=Haroutiun |title=Armenians Worry About Special Relationship with Russia |url=https://eurasianet.org/armenians-worry-about-special-relationship-with-russia |agency=[[EurasiaNet]] |date=February 15, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Demytrie |first1=Rayhan |title=Armenians challenge age-old links to Russia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37025532 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=10 August 2016 |quote=Armenia has maintained a special relationship with Russia since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kambeck |first1=Michael |title=Between the big blocs: Armenian foreign policy untangled |journal=European View |date=June 1, 2014 |volume=13 |pages=29–38 |doi=10.1007/s12290-014-0298-2 |publisher=[[Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies]] |s2cid=154016333 |quote=The author analyses the special relationship with Russia...|doi-access=free }}</ref>
*[[Pakistan-Saudi Arabia relations]]
|-
*[[Pakistan–United States relations]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} [[Australia–New Zealand relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/aussies-name-nz-as-their-new-best-friend-as-uncle-sams-allure-fades/DIPIJO5KFYH6NA4JPFOGTTGKYU/|title=Kiwis and Aussies, best friends forever?|website=NZ Herald|date=10 May 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poll.lowyinstitute.org/charts/feelings-towards-other-nations/|title=Feelings towards other nations - Lowy Institute Poll|first=Lowy|last=Institute|website=Lowy Institute Poll 2022}}</ref>
*[[Saudi Arabia–United States relations]]
|-
*[[Georgia–United States relations]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Australia–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/aussies-name-nz-as-their-new-best-friend-as-uncle-sams-allure-fades/DIPIJO5KFYH6NA4JPFOGTTGKYU/|title=PARTNERS IN CRIMES? THE UK/AUSTRALIA SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP|date=5 November 2021|website=Declassified UK|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
*[[Franco-German relations]]
|-
*[[Foreign relations of France|Franco-Algerian relations]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Australia–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-times-view-of-us-australian-ties-a-new-special-relationship-k9sbtxgqs|title=The Times views of US-Australian ties a new Special Relationahips}}</ref>
*[[Foreign relations of India|India-Soviet Union relations]]
|-
*[[Cuba–Soviet Union relations]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Turkey.svg}} [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kardas|first=Saban|title=Turkey Develops Special Relationship with Azerbaijan|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=34116|publisher=Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume|access-date=6 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Katik|first=Mevlut|title=Azerbaijan and Turkey Coordinate Nagorno-Karabakh Negotiation Position|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav042304.shtml|publisher=EurasiaNet|access-date=6 October 2012}}</ref>
*[[Sino-Soviet relations|Sino-Soviet Union relations]]
|-
*[[Sino-Burmese relations]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Bhutan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[Bhutan–India relations]]<ref>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/edit/handle-with-care-bhutan-is-a-friend.html Handle with care, Bhutan is a friend]</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-leaves-for-bhutan-on-his-first-foreign-visit-as-pm/articleshow/36585307.cms|title=Narendra Modi leaves for Bhutan on his first foreign visit as PM|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>
*[[Sino-Pakistani relations]]
|-
*[[Sino–Sudanese relations]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Brazil.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[Brazil–Portugal relations]]<ref name="mne">{{cite web |url=http://www.mne.gov.pt/mne/en/infopolitica/polexternas/ |title=Foreign policy – Americas |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lisbon |access-date=18 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226010155/http://www.mne.gov.pt/mne/en/infopolitica/polexternas |archive-date=26 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Sino-American relations]] or [[G-2]]
|-
*Cooperation between [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]] and [[Iceland]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} [[Canada–France relations]]<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780773575882-013/html?lang=en | doi=10.1515/9780773575882-013 | chapter=A Special Relationship? The Importance of France in Canadian Foreign Policy | title=Canada Among Nations, 2008 | date=2009 | last1=Massie | first1=Justin | pages=235–270 | isbn=978-0-7735-7588-2 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Canada–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web |
url = https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/united_kingdom-royaume_uni/relations.aspx?lang=eng| title = Canada-United Kingdom relations {{!}} Government of Canada| date = 19 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Canada–United States relations]]<ref name="survive">Prime Minister [[Louis St. Laurent]] said: "the special nature of our relationship to the United Kingdom and the United States complicates our responsibilities..." quoted in: H.H. Herstien, L.J. Hughes, R.C. Kirbyson. ''Challenge & Survival: The History of Canada'' (Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall, 1970). p 411</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20100830035506/http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73495_index.html Canada in North America: Farewell to the 'Special Relationship'],</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb009/is_200409/ai_n13336805|title=FindArticles.com – CBSi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2007/08/17/allan-gotlieb-bring-back-the-special-relationship.aspx |title=Allan Gotlieb: Bring back the special relationship |access-date=17 January 2008 }} {{dead link|date=March 2021|fix-attempted=yes}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[China–North Korea relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |title='Special relationship' in focus as China's Xi visits North Korea |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/relationship-focus-china-xi-visits-north-korea-190620054134706.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727024206/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/relationship-focus-china-xi-visits-north-korea-190620054134706.html |archive-date=27 July 2019 |access-date=2019-07-25 |website=Al Jazeera |first1=Kate |last1=Mayberry |date=20 June 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan.svg}} [[China–Pakistan relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/tag/china-pakistan-relations/ |title=China-Pakistan relations |date=3 November 2013 |access-date=6 December 2013 |work=International Policy Digest |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213062624/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/tag/china-pakistan-relations/ |archive-date=13 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/10161516/China-Pakistan-friendship-sweeter-than-honey-says-Nawaz-Sharif.html|title=China-Pakistan friendship 'sweeter than honey', says Nawaz Sharif|work=The Telegraph|date=5 July 2013|access-date=6 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[China–Russia relations]]<ref>Smolchenko, Anna. [https://archive.today/20130411013534/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jI8_kZmr2INskAt4erPYLeDxW9Zw?docId=CNG.456411c08037199e9bc2690b1b0726fa.211 "Putin Welcomes China's Xi for landmark talks."] [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]. 22 March 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/22/china-russia-a-special-relationship|title=China-Russia: a special relationship|publisher=Euronews|date=22 March 2013|access-date=18 March 2014|archive-date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620023443/http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/22/china-russia-a-special-relationship|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} [[Cyprus–Greece relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kyprioscharacter.eie.gr/en/scientific-texts/details/cyprus-and-others/relations-between-athens-and-cyprus-during-classical-period |title=The relations between Athens and Cyprus during the classical period }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Cyprus–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukandeu.ac.uk/cyprus-special-ties-with-the-uk-will-determine-cypruss-final-stance/ |title=Cyprus: Special ties with the UK will determine Cyprus’s final stance}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg}} [[Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/03/06/world/middleeast/ap-ml-emirates-supporting-egypt.html|title=Emirates Forges Special Relationship With El-Sissi's Egypt|date=6 March 2015|agency=Associated Press|via=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2015/01/19/Sisi-UAE-Egypt-relations-will-always-be-special|title=Sisi: UAE-Egypt relations will always be special|date=19 January 2015|website=Al Arabiya English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uae-egypt-diplomacy-idUSBRE91G08M20130217|title=Analysis: Rise of Islamists frays strategic UAE-Egyptian relations|author=Rania El Gamal and William Maclean|date=17 February 2013|work=Reuters|access-date=2 July 2017|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924175524/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/17/us-uae-egypt-diplomacy-idUSBRE91G08M20130217|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Al_Sisis_visit_bolsters_UAE-Egypt_ties/60543.htm|title=Al Sisi's visit bolsters UAE-Egypt ties|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061640/http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Al_Sisis_visit_bolsters_UAE-Egypt_ties/60543.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} [[France–Greece relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151022-greece-hails-special-relationship-france-hollande-visit|title=france 24 – Greece hails 'special relationship' with France on Hollande visit – France 24|work=France 24|date=22 October 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[France–India relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/exploring-the-india-france-special-relationship/|title=Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'|website=ORF}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Lebanon.svg}} [[France–Lebanon relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.connexionfrance.com/news/why-france-and-lebanon-are-such-close-allies/427035 |title=Why France and Lebanon are such close allies|date=9 August 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[France–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The real special relationship|url=https://www.ft.com/content/beff1831-8d56-4df5-bbd9-2585abe30fcb|date=21 May 2023|work=Financial Times|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=France's Macron wants "very special relationship" with Britain after Brexit|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-eu-britain-macron-idUSKBN1YH1IH/|date=13 December 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[France–United States relations]]<ref>[https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-trump-may-move-over-britain-france-is-americas-bff-now/ Move over Britain, France is America's ‘special’ friend], POlitico.eu, 4/30,2018</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Germany–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/pdf/case-studies/italian-german-relationship.pdf |title=The Italian - German Relationship: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Europe |first=Dario |last=Deserri |website=www.culturaldiplomacy.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205131307/http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/pdf/case-studies/italian-german-relationship.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Germany.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Germany–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://hbr.org/2016/06/the-u-s-special-relationship-is-with-germany-not-britain|title=The U.S.'s "Special Relationship" Is with Germany, Not Britain|journal=Harvard Business Review |date=29 June 2016|via=hbr.org |last1=Berghahn |first1=Volker R. }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/germany-brexit-relationship-225000|title=Germany: America's real special relationship|first=Benjamin|last=Oreskes|website=POLITICO}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Greece–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Pavlopoulos and Mattarella confirm the longstanding Greek-Italian friendship (Παυλόπουλος και Ματαρέλα επιβεβαίωσαν τη μακρόχρονη ελληνοϊταλική φιλία) |url=http://www.documentonews.gr/article/paylopoylos-kai-matarela-epibebaiwsan-th-makroxronh-ellhnoitalikh-filia |publisher=documentonews.gr |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pavlopoulos – Mattarella: Strong friendship and a common vision between Greece and Italy (Παυλόπουλος – Ματαρέλα: Δυνατή φιλία και κοινή οπτική μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Ιταλίας) |url=http://news247.gr/eidiseis/politiki/paylopoylos-matarela-dynath-filia-kai-koinh-optikh-metaksu-elladas-kai-italias.4482614.html |publisher=news247.gr |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-date=6 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306131743/http://news247.gr/eidiseis/politiki/paylopoylos-matarela-dynath-filia-kai-koinh-optikh-metaksu-elladas-kai-italias.4482614.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Greece-Italy alliance (Ελλάδα-Ιταλία συμμαχία) |url=http://makthes.gr/%CE%B5-%CE%B5-%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1-%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1/ |publisher=makthes.gr |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-date=6 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306134643/http://makthes.gr/%CE%B5-%CE%B5-%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1-%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A medal of honor for the Greek-Italian relations (Ενα παράσημο για τις ελληνοϊταλικές σχέσεις) |url=http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=400223 |publisher=enet.gr |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Vatican City.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Holy See–Italy relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgRXYUErAc4C&q=Relazioni+Vaticano-Italia&pg=PT203|title=I corvi del Vaticano|isbn=9788873397939|last1=Frattini|first1=Eric|date=12 March 2013|publisher=Sperling & Kupfer }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813092149/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html|url-status=dead|title=Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri|archive-date=13 August 2013|website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Iceland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} [[Iceland–Norway relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.efta-studies.org/a-special-relationship |title=A 'special relationship' built on a patchwork }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} [[India–Israel relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lKEJBadmAQC&q=india+israel+relations+%22special+relationship%22&pg=PA337|title=Indian Foreign Policy|year=2007|isbn=9788171885930|last1=Sinha |first1=Atish |last2=Mohta |first2=Madhup |publisher=Academic Foundation }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Nepal.svg}} [[India–Nepal relations]]<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/will-strive-to-take-india-nepal-ties-to-himalayan-heights-says-modi-11685633832852.html|title=Will strive to take India-Nepal ties to Himalayan heights, says Modi |publisher= The Mint|date=1 June 2023|access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[India–Russia relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |website=Embassy of India, Moscow (Russia) |title=Bilateral Relations: India-Russia |url=http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/bilateral-relations/bilateral-relations-india-russia |access-date=2022-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727103251/http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/bilateral-relations/bilateral-relations-india-russia |archive-date=27 July 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[India–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-india-announce-new-era-in-bilateral-relationship |website=HM Government |title=UK and India announce new era in bilateral relationship}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[India–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/weekinreview/07yardley.html |first1= Jim |last1=Yardley |date= Nov 6, 2010 |website=The New York Times |title=America and India: The Almost-Special Relationship|access-date=2010-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipe.com/joseph-mariathasan-india-and-the-us-a-new-special-relationship/10033286.article |url-access=limited |website=IPE |first1= Joseph |last1=Mariathasan |date=24 September 2019 |title=India and the US – a new special relationship?|access-date=2019-09-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201122150/https://www.ipe.com/joseph-mariathasan-india-and-the-us-a-new-special-relationship/10033286.article |archive-date= Dec 1, 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Indonesia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Netherlands.svg}} [[Indonesia–Netherlands relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/02/indonesia-and-netherlands-a-special-relationship.html |title=Indonesia and the Netherlands: A special relationship|last=Marsudi|first=Retno|date=April 2, 2012|website=[[The Jakarta Post]]|access-date=29 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Indonesia.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Suriname.svg}} [[Indonesia–Suriname relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/03/19/indonesia-suriname-set-stronger-cooperation.html |title=Indonesia, Suriname set for stronger cooperation|date=March 19, 2013|website=The Jakarta Post|access-date=10 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ireland.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Ireland–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/editorials/2023/04/15/the-irish-times-view-on-ireland-and-the-united-states-the-special-relationship/ |title=The Irish Times view on Ireland and the United States: The special relationship |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Israel–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/raw-truth-about-uks-special-relationship-israel |first1=Mark |last1=Curtis |title=The raw truth about the UK's special relationship with Israel|date=10 August 2018|website=Middle East Eye|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Israel–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://open.salon.com/blog/ted_frier/2013/04/28/the_us-israeli_special_relationship |title=The US-Israeli "Special Relationship" |date=April 28, 2013 |first1=Ted |last1=Frier |website=Open Salon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610152210/http://www.open.salon.com/blog/ted_frier/2013/04/28/the_us-israeli_special_relationship |archive-date=10 June 2013 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Italy–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=O. J. |title=Great Britain and the Unifying of Italy: A Special Relationship? |date=2019 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-59396-2 |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-59397-9 |language=en |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330055756}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} [[Japan–Philippines relations]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cervantes |first1=Filane Mikee |title=House adopts reso enhancing PH-Japan parliamentary ties |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1206845 |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=[[Philippine News Agency]] |date=1 August 2023 |quote=It also said that with the accession of Japan as a dialogue partner to the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, "the special relationship of the Philippines and Japan is further developed, and the regional cooperation towards perpetual peace, everlasting amity, and collaboration among the peoples in ASEAN is enhanced." |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208222717/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1206845 |archive-date= Dec 8, 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Japan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Japan–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite news |title= U.S.-Japanese Friendship: 70 Remarkable Years {{!}} Commentary |url= http://www.rollcall.com/news/us_japanese_friendship_70_remarkable_years_commentary-240406-1.html |first1=J. Dennis |last1=Hastert |date=Feb 27, 2015 |newspaper= Roll Call |access-date= 2016-02-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303133653/http://www.rollcall.com/news/us_japanese_friendship_70_remarkable_years_commentary-240406-1.html |archive-date= Mar 3, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= The United States & Japan: The Perfect Model of Forgiveness in International Relations|url= http://www.cennamology.com/home/the-united-states-japan-the-perfect-model-of-forgiveness-in-international-relations|website= Cennamology.com |first1=Steven |last1=Cenname |date=May 29, 2014 |access-date= 2016-02-22|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303072720/http://www.cennamology.com/home/the-united-states-japan-the-perfect-model-of-forgiveness-in-international-relations|archive-date= 3 March 2016|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= U.S.-Japan Relations a Model of Reconciliation, Obama Says |url= https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2015/09/03/u-s-japan-relations-a-model-of-reconciliation-obama-says |website= WSJ Blogs – Japan Real Time |access-date= 2016-02-22 |first= Jun |last= Hongo |url-access=subscription |date=Sep 3, 2015 |archive-date= 1 July 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180701193940/https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2015/09/03/u-s-japan-relations-a-model-of-reconciliation-obama-says/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= 5 facts to help understand the U.S.-Japan relationship |url= http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/07/5-facts-to-help-understand-the-u-s-japan-relationship |first1=Bruce |last1=Stokes |date=April 7, 2015 |website= Pew Research Center |access-date= 2016-02-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203152205/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/07/5-facts-to-help-understand-the-u-s-japan-relationship/ |archive-date= Dec 3, 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Laos.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Vietnam.svg}} [[Laos–Vietnam relations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA184240|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327233850/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA184240|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 March 2014|title=Vietnam and Laos: The Special Relationship | last=Zagioff | first=Joseph J | publisher=Department of State Washington DC Office of External Research | date=March 1987 |website=DTIC OAI | access-date=1 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=China and Vietnam square off in Laos|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JH30Ae01.html |first1=Brian |last1=McCartan |date= Aug 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202102356/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JH30Ae01.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2 December 2008|work=Asia Times Online|access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A New Role for an Old Tale: Vietnam as a Donor to Laos |work=A Safari Towards Aid Effectiveness? |url=http://www.norrag.org/es/publications/boletin-norrag/online-version/a-safari-towards-aid-effectiveness/detail/a-new-role-for-an-old-tale-vietnam-as-a-donor-to-laos.html |publisher=NORRAG |date=June 2009 |first1=Manynooch |last1=Faming |access-date=26 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327204104/http://www.norrag.org/es/publications/boletin-norrag/online-version/a-safari-towards-aid-effectiveness/detail/a-new-role-for-an-old-tale-vietnam-as-a-donor-to-laos.html |archive-date= Mar 27, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dialogue on Laos and Vietnam|url=http://fpif.org/dialogue_on_laos_and_vietnam/ |date=December 28, 2006 |website=FPIF |first1=John |last1=Feffer |first2=Ronald Bruce |last2=St John |first3=Andrew |last3=Wells-Dang |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Moldova.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}} [[Moldova–Romania relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chisinau.mae.ro/node/221|title=Relații bilaterale - Scurt istoric|work=AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Republica Moldova}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Sweden.svg}} [[Norway–Sweden relations]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183pz3k |jstor=j.ctt183pz3k |title=Norway-Sweden |last1=Lindgren |first1=Raymond E. |date=10 May 2024 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-05138-3 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[New Zealand–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-uk-and-new-zealand-a-special-relationship-for-the-21st-century/|title=The UK and New Zwaland a Special Relationship for the 21st century|date=17 January 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Oman.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Oman–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain and Oman: Will their growing special relationship survive succession?|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/britain-and-oman-will-their-growing-special-relationship-survive-succession|date=17 June 2019|access-date=4 December 2023|website=Middle East Eye|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain's Dangerous and Ignored Special Relationship With Oman|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mark-curtis/britain-oman_b_11426144.html|date=11 August 2016|access-date=4 December 2023|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg}} [[Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/giorgio-cafiero/saudi-arabia-and-pakistan_b_8617868.html|title=Saudi Arabia and Pakistan's Evolving Alliance|work=Huffington Post|date=23 November 2015|access-date=27 January 2016|first1=Giorgio|last1=Cafiero|first2=Daniel|last2=Wagner}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inss.org.il/index.aspx?id=4538&articleid=11441|title=Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: How Special are the "Special Relations"?|work=The Institute for National Security Studies|first=Yoel|last=Guzansky|date=16 February 2016|access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Chaos in the Middle East: 2014–2016|first=Neville|last=Teller|page=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TsuADAAAQBAJ&pg=PA246|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|date=2016|isbn=9781785892820}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain.svg}} [[Philippines–Spain relations]]<ref>
{{cite web|url = http://terranoticias.terra.es/articulo/html/av21681396.htm|title = Baler recuerda a los 'últimos de Filipinas' en Día Amistad Hispano-filipina|date = June 30, 2007|publisher = Terra Noticias (noticias.terra.es)|location = Spain|language = Spanish
|trans-title=Baler remembers the "Last ones of the Philippines" in Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111007214652/http://terranoticias.terra.es/articulo/html/av21681396.htm
|archivedate = October 7, 2011
|url-status = dead
|accessdate = July 20, 2010
}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Philippines–United States relations]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salans |first1=Carl F. |last2=Belmans |first2=Murray J. |title=An Appraisal of the United States—Philippines' Special Relationship |journal=[[Washington Law Review]] |date=1 August 1965 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=447–476 |url=https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol40/iss3/5 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sen |first1=Rabindra |title=PHILIPPINES – U.S. SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP: COLD WAR AND BEYOND |journal=Jadavpur Journal of International Relations |date=June 2005 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=85–92 |doi=10.1177/0973598405110005 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0973598405110005?journalCode=jnra |access-date=4 November 2023 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain.svg}} [[Portugal–Spain relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/work-document/spain-and-portugal-from-distant-neighbours-to-uneasy-associates/ |title=Spain and Portugal: From Distant Neighbours to Uneasy Associates }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} {{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Russia–Serbia relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samorukov |first=Maxim |title=Last Friend in Europe: How Far Will Russia Go to Preserve Its Alliance With Serbia? |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/politika/87303 |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK-Saudi Arabia: the new special relationship|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/defence-and-security-blog/2015/oct/07/uk-saudi-arabia-the-new-special-relationship|date=7 October 2015|access-date=4 December 2023|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UK AND SAUDI ARABIA|url=https://therealnews.com/rm0802asmith|date=6 August 2017|access-date=4 December 2023|website=The Real News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[South Africa–United Kingdom relations]]<ref>'The Transvaal Blue-Book', ''The Times'' (16 September 1899), pg. 3, col. C.</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Korea.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[South Korea–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=What does the Korean War reveal about the 'special relationship'? |url=https://www.churchillarchiveforschools.com/themes/the-themes/anglo-american-relations/what-does-the-korean-war-reveal-about-the-special-relationship |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=Churchill Archive for Schools}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of China.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Taiwan–United States relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/press-release/chairman-royce-meets-president-tsai-taiwan/|title=Chairman Royce Meets with President Tsai in Taiwan|date=2017-09-01|website=[[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|Committee on Foreign Affairs]]|publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>
|}


==See also==
== See also ==
* ''[[A History of the English-Speaking Peoples]]''
*[[North Atlantic triangle]]
* [[Atlanticism]]
* [[North Atlantic triangle]]


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


[[Category:International relations terminology]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Special Relationship (International Relations)}}
[[Category:English phrases]]
[[Category:Diplomacy]]
[[Category:International relations terms]]


[[he:היחסים המיוחדים]]
[[he:היחסים המיוחדים]]

Latest revision as of 23:16, 21 November 2024

For other uses, see Special Relationship (disambiguation).

Monaco, a microstate on the French Riviera, holds a special relationship with its neighbour France. The Minister of State, the head of government of Monaco, is usually a French citizen, whose appointment by the Prince of Monaco is proposed by the Government of France.

A special relationship is a diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important. This term is usually used to refer to the relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom. In an extended use of the term, it has also been used to describe the whole of European Union–United States relations,[1] as well as the following relations:

List of relationships
Albania–Kosovo relations[2]
Argentina–Brazil relations[3]
Argentina–Uruguay relations[4]
Armenia–France relations[5]
Armenia–Russia relations[6][7][8]
Australia–New Zealand relations[9][10]
Australia–United Kingdom relations[11]
Australia–United States relations[12]
Azerbaijan–Turkey relations[13][14]
Bhutan–India relations[15][16]
Brazil–Portugal relations[17]
Canada–France relations[18]
Canada–United Kingdom relations[19]
Canada–United States relations[20][21][22][23]
China–North Korea relations[24]
China–Pakistan relations[25][26]
China–Russia relations[27][28]
Cyprus–Greece relations[29]
Cyprus–United Kingdom relations[30]
Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations[31][32][33][34]
France–Greece relations[35]
France–India relations[36]
France–Lebanon relations[37]
France–United Kingdom relations[38][39]
France–United States relations[40]
Germany–Italy relations[41]
Germany–United States relations[42][43]
Greece–Italy relations[44][45][46][47]
Holy See–Italy relations[48][49]
Iceland–Norway relations[50]
India–Israel relations[51]
India–Nepal relations[52]
India–Russia relations[53]
India–United Kingdom relations[54]
India–United States relations[55][56]
Indonesia–Netherlands relations[57]
Indonesia–Suriname relations[58]
Ireland–United States relations[59]
Israel–United Kingdom relations[60]
Israel–United States relations[61]
Italy–United Kingdom relations[62]
Japan–Philippines relations[63]
Japan–United States relations[64][65][66][67]
Laos–Vietnam relations[68][69][70][71]
Moldova–Romania relations[72]
Norway–Sweden relations[73]
New Zealand–United Kingdom relations[74]
Oman–United Kingdom relations[75][76]
Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations[77][78][79]
Philippines–Spain relations[80]
Philippines–United States relations[81][82]
Portugal–Spain relations[83]
Russia Serbia Russia–Serbia relations[84]
Saudi Arabia United Kingdom Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations[85][86]
South Africa–United Kingdom relations[87]
South Korea–United States relations[88]
Taiwan–United States relations[89]

See also

References

  1. ^ "European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) – The EU and the US: a special relationship".
  2. ^ Sulçebe, Dritan. "Albania and Kosovo. In quest of a Common Future." (2014).
  3. ^ Useful Guide for Brazilians Archived 24 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Argentina – Official Promotion Portal for Argentina. Retrieved on 28 November 2010.
  4. ^ "En qué se parecen y diferencian Argentina y Uruguay (y qué tan cierto es que "más que hermanos, son gemelos")". BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  5. ^ Khachatrian, Haroutiun (4 December 2023). "French-Armenian Relations: Past and Present". evnreport.
  6. ^ Khachatrian, Haroutiun (15 February 2001). "Armenians Worry About Special Relationship with Russia". EurasiaNet.
  7. ^ Demytrie, Rayhan (10 August 2016). "Armenians challenge age-old links to Russia". BBC News. Armenia has maintained a special relationship with Russia since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991...
  8. ^ Kambeck, Michael (1 June 2014). "Between the big blocs: Armenian foreign policy untangled". European View. 13. Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies: 29–38. doi:10.1007/s12290-014-0298-2. S2CID 154016333. The author analyses the special relationship with Russia...
  9. ^ "Kiwis and Aussies, best friends forever?". NZ Herald. 10 May 2024.
  10. ^ Institute, Lowy. "Feelings towards other nations - Lowy Institute Poll". Lowy Institute Poll 2022.
  11. ^ "PARTNERS IN CRIMES? THE UK/AUSTRALIA SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP". Declassified UK. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  12. ^ "The Times views of US-Australian ties a new Special Relationahips".
  13. ^ Kardas, Saban. "Turkey Develops Special Relationship with Azerbaijan". Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  14. ^ Katik, Mevlut. "Azerbaijan and Turkey Coordinate Nagorno-Karabakh Negotiation Position". EurasiaNet. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  15. ^ Handle with care, Bhutan is a friend
  16. ^ "Narendra Modi leaves for Bhutan on his first foreign visit as PM". The Economic Times.
  17. ^ "Foreign policy – Americas". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lisbon. Archived from the original on 26 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  18. ^ Massie, Justin (2009). "A Special Relationship? The Importance of France in Canadian Foreign Policy". Canada Among Nations, 2008. pp. 235–270. doi:10.1515/9780773575882-013. ISBN 978-0-7735-7588-2.
  19. ^ "Canada-United Kingdom relations | Government of Canada". 19 December 2019.
  20. ^ Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent said: "the special nature of our relationship to the United Kingdom and the United States complicates our responsibilities..." quoted in: H.H. Herstien, L.J. Hughes, R.C. Kirbyson. Challenge & Survival: The History of Canada (Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall, 1970). p 411
  21. ^ Canada in North America: Farewell to the 'Special Relationship',
  22. ^ "FindArticles.com – CBSi".
  23. ^ "Allan Gotlieb: Bring back the special relationship". Retrieved 17 January 2008. [permanent dead link‍]
  24. ^ Mayberry, Kate (20 June 2019). "'Special relationship' in focus as China's Xi visits North Korea". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  25. ^ "China-Pakistan relations". International Policy Digest. 3 November 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  26. ^ "China-Pakistan friendship 'sweeter than honey', says Nawaz Sharif". The Telegraph. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  27. ^ Smolchenko, Anna. "Putin Welcomes China's Xi for landmark talks." AFP. 22 March 2013.
  28. ^ "China-Russia: a special relationship". Euronews. 22 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  29. ^ "The relations between Athens and Cyprus during the classical period".
  30. ^ "Cyprus: Special ties with the UK will determine Cyprus's final stance".
  31. ^ "Emirates Forges Special Relationship With El-Sissi's Egypt". Associated Press. 6 March 2015 – via The New York Times.
  32. ^ "Sisi: UAE-Egypt relations will always be special". Al Arabiya English. 19 January 2015.
  33. ^ Rania El Gamal and William Maclean (17 February 2013). "Analysis: Rise of Islamists frays strategic UAE-Egyptian relations". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  34. ^ "Al Sisi's visit bolsters UAE-Egypt ties". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  35. ^ "france 24 – Greece hails 'special relationship' with France on Hollande visit – France 24". France 24. 22 October 2015.
  36. ^ "Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'". ORF.
  37. ^ "Why France and Lebanon are such close allies". 9 August 2020.
  38. ^ "The real special relationship". Financial Times. 21 May 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  39. ^ "France's Macron wants "very special relationship" with Britain after Brexit". Reuters. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  40. ^ Move over Britain, France is America's ‘special’ friend, POlitico.eu, 4/30,2018
  41. ^ Deserri, Dario. "The Italian - German Relationship: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Europe" (PDF). www.culturaldiplomacy.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2012.
  42. ^ Berghahn, Volker R. (29 June 2016). "The U.S.'s "Special Relationship" Is with Germany, Not Britain". Harvard Business Review – via hbr.org.
  43. ^ Oreskes, Benjamin. "Germany: America's real special relationship". POLITICO.
  44. ^ "Pavlopoulos and Mattarella confirm the longstanding Greek-Italian friendship (Παυλόπουλος και Ματαρέλα επιβεβαίωσαν τη μακρόχρονη ελληνοϊταλική φιλία)". documentonews.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  45. ^ "Pavlopoulos – Mattarella: Strong friendship and a common vision between Greece and Italy (Παυλόπουλος – Ματαρέλα: Δυνατή φιλία και κοινή οπτική μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Ιταλίας)". news247.gr. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  46. ^ "Greece-Italy alliance (Ελλάδα-Ιταλία συμμαχία)". makthes.gr. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  47. ^ "A medal of honor for the Greek-Italian relations (Ενα παράσημο για τις ελληνοϊταλικές σχέσεις)". enet.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  48. ^ Frattini, Eric (12 March 2013). I corvi del Vaticano. Sperling & Kupfer. ISBN 9788873397939.
  49. ^ "Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013.
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