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[[File:Moe Bye Dam1.jpg|180px|thumb|Moe Bye Dam in Shan State which is the main source for [[:my:ဘီလူးချောင်း လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားပေးစက်ရုံများ (လောပိတ)|Baluchaung (Lawpita) Hydropower Plants]]]]
There are almost 200 large '''[[Dam]]s in [[Myanmar]]'''.<ref name="CIB">CHINA IN BURMA: THE INCREASING INVESTMENT OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN BURMA’S HYDROPOWER, OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS [http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/China_in_Burma-ERI.pdf BURMA’S HYDROPOWER], OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS UPDATED: September 2008</ref><ref name="ID"/><ref>http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2003/enlm/Aug19_h1.html></ref> Myanmar (Burma) has a large [[hydroelectric]] power potential of {{convert|39000|MW}}, although the economical exploitable potential is about {{convert|37000|MW}}. Between 1990 and 2002, the country tripled its installed capacity of hydro plants, increasing from {{convert|253|MW}} to {{convert|745|MW}}.<ref name="CP">{{cite web|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487|title=Country Profiles -Myanmar|work=Water Power Magazine|publisher=International Water Power and Dam Construction|accessdate=10 February 2010}}</ref> Total installed capacity in 2010 is at least {{convert|2449|MW}} MW, 6% of potential. Several large dams are planned to increase future hydro utilization.<ref name="Asean">{{cite web|url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/future_hydro_projects.htm|title=Myanmar -Future Projects 1. HYDRO |date=2003-01-14 |publisher=[[Asean]] Centre for Energy|accessdate=23 February 2010|location=Jakarta}}</ref>
There are almost 200 large [[dam]]s in [[Myanmar]].<ref name="CIB">CHINA IN BURMA: THE INCREASING INVESTMENT OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN BURMA'S HYDROPOWER, OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS [http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/China_in_Burma-ERI.pdf BURMA'S HYDROPOWER], OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS UPDATED: September 2008</ref><ref name="ID"/><ref>http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2003/enlm/Aug19_h1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050129000850/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2003/enlm/Aug19_h1.html |date=2005-01-29 }}></ref> Myanmar (Burma) has a large [[hydroelectric]] power potential of {{convert|39000|MW}}, although the economical exploitable potential is about {{convert|37000|MW}}. Between 1990 and 2002, the country tripled its installed capacity of hydro plants, increasing from {{convert|253|MW}} to {{convert|745|MW}}.<ref name="CP">{{cite web|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487|title=Country Profiles -Myanmar|work=Water Power Magazine|publisher=International Water Power and Dam Construction|access-date=10 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428035011/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487|archive-date=28 April 2011}}</ref> Total installed capacity in 2010 is at least {{convert|2449|MW}} MW, 6% of potential. Several large dams are planned to increase future hydro utilization.<ref name="Asean">{{cite web|url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/future_hydro_projects.htm|title=Myanmar -Future Projects 1. HYDRO|date=2003-01-14|publisher=[[Asean]] Centre for Energy|access-date=23 February 2010|location=Jakarta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040513115604/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/future_hydro_projects.htm|archive-date=13 May 2004}}</ref>


==Background==
==Background==
Although Myanmar is underdeveloped in terms of its hydro-power potential it is not for lack of trying. The agency charged with expanding Hydro project is the [[State Peace and Development Council]] and the current chairman of Sr-Gen [[Than Shwe]] strives to build more dams. Shwe who hails from the [[Kyaukse]] region, through which the [[Zawgyi River]] flows is widely rumored to believe himself a reincarnation of [[Anawrahta|King Anawrahta]] (r. 1044-1077).<ref name="AKIMOTO"/> During his reign King Anawrahta was a prolific dam- and canal-builder, especially along the Zawgyi river. He viewed his hydro projects as atonement for killing his foster-brother [[Sokkate]].<ref name="AKIMOTO"/>
Although Myanmar is underdeveloped in terms of its hydro-power potential it is not for lack of effort. While chairman of the [[State Peace and Development Council]], Sr-Gen [[Than Shwe]] prioritized the building of dams. A native of the [[Kyaukse]] region through which the [[Zawgyi River]] flows, Shwe was widely rumored to believe himself to be a reincarnation of [[Anawrahta|King Anawrahta]] (r. 1044-1077).<ref name="AKIMOTO"/> During his reign King Anawrahta was a prolific dam- and canal-builder, especially along the Zawgyi river. He viewed his hydro projects as atonement for killing his foster-brother [[Sokkate]].<ref name="AKIMOTO"/>


The total electricity generated by Myanmar in 2002 was {{convert|6614|GWh}}, consisting of oil (612 GWh, 9%); gas (3770 GWh, 57%); and hydro (2232 GWh, 34%).<ref name="CP"/>
The total electricity generated by Myanmar in 2002 was {{convert|6614|GWh}}, consisting of oil (612 GWh, 9%); gas (3770 GWh, 57%); and hydro (2232 GWh, 34%).<ref name="CP"/>


Myanmar's hydro power development activities and plans include five-year short term plans and a 30-year strategic plan. This involves generating power for domestic use and exporting to neighboring countries, especially China, Thailand and India. Total planned hydro power development in Myanmar is 14,600 MW.<ref>[http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487 Country Profiles]</ref>
Myanmar's hydro power development activities and plans include five-year short-term plans and a 30-year strategic plan. This involves generating power for domestic use and exporting to neighboring countries, especially China, Thailand and India. Total planned hydro power development in Myanmar is 14,600 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487 |title=Country Profiles |access-date=2010-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428035011/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487 |archive-date=2011-04-28 }}</ref>


Though the twelve large planned [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectic]] dams larger than 1,000 MW get much media attention, there are at least another twelve in the 100 - 1000 MW range and at least 27 smaller [[microhydro]]projects smaller than 100 MW. The rest of the dams are generally lower height irrigation structures.
Though the twelve large planned [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] dams generating more than 1,000 MW gain much media attention, there are at least another twelve in the 100 - 1000 MW range and at least 27 smaller [[microhydro]]projects less than 100 MW. The rest of the dams are generally lower-height irrigation structures.


At least 45 Chinese Multi-National Corporations have been involved in approximately 63 hydropower projects in Myanmar, including several related substation and transmission line projects. The country's [[State Peace and Development Council]] Chairman [[Than Shwe]] met with Chinese representatives at the [[Shweli I Dam]].<ref name="CIB"/>
At least 45 Chinese multinational corporations have been involved in approximately 63 hydropower projects in Myanmar, including several related substation and transmission line projects. The country's [[State Peace and Development Council]] Chairman [[Than Shwe]] met with Chinese representatives at the [[Shweli I Dam]].<ref name="CIB"/>
[[File:Myanmar-outline-map.png|thumb|350px|Map outlining the states and regions of Myanmar]]
[[File:Myanmar-outline-map.png|thumb|350px|Map outlining the states and regions of Myanmar]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|+Exploitable Hydropower Potential of Burma<ref name="CIB"/>
|+Exploitable Hydropower Potential of Burma<ref name="CIB"/>
<ref name="Lako">
<ref name="Lako">{{cite book
|author=P. Lako |author2=H. Eder |author3=M. de Noord |author4=H. Reisinger
{{cite book
|title=Hydropower Development with a Focus on Asia and Western Europe: Overview in the framework of VLEEM 2
|authors=P. Lako, ECN H. Eder, Verbundplan M. de Noord, ECN H. Reisinger, Verbundplan
⚫
|publisher=ECN Policy Studies
|title=HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT WITH A FOCUS ON ASIA AND WESTERN EUROPE
|date=July 2003
⚫
|publisher=ECN Policy Studies
⚫
|url=http://www.vleem.org/PDF/11-2003/annex7.pdf
|date=July 2003|series=Overview in the framework of VLEEM 2
|access-date=2010-02-23
⚫
|url=http://www.vleem.org/PDF/11-2003/annex7.pdf}}
|archive-date=2016-03-03
⚫
</ref>
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165656/http://www.vleem.org/PDF/11-2003/annex7.pdf
⚫
! State/Region !! Number of Sites !! Exploitable Hydropower<br> potential [Watt#Multiples|MW]
⚫
}}</ref>
⚫
! State/Region !! Number of Sites !! Exploitable Hydropower<br /> potential [Watt#Multiples|MW
|-
|-
|[[File:MyanmarKachin.png|14px]][[Kachin State]]|| 39|| 2,061
|[[File:MyanmarKachin.png|14px]][[Kachin State]]|| 39|| 2,061
|-
|-
|[[File:MyanmarKayah.png|14px]][[Kayah State]]|| 7 ||3,909
|[[File:MyanmarKayah.png|14px]][[Karenni State]]|| 7 ||3,909
|-
|-
| [[File:MyanmarKayin.png|14px]][[Kayin State]] ||21|| 17,021
| [[File:MyanmarKayin.png|14px]][[Kayin State]] ||21|| 17,021
Line 51: Line 55:
|}
|}


An [[Asian Development Bank]]’s October 2012 assessment of the energy sector in Myanmar reported on the country’s abundant hydropower potential, with 92 potential large hydropower projects already identified.
The [[Asian Development Bank]]'s October 2012 assessment of the energy sector in Myanmar reported on the country's abundant hydropower potential, with 92 potential large hydropower projects already identified.
<ref name=burmahp>
<ref name=burmahp>
{{Cite news
{{Cite news
| title = Increased attention to Myanmar’s energy sector
| title = Increased attention to Myanmar's energy sector
| publisher = Investvine.com
| publisher = Investvine.com
| date = 2013-02-20
| date = 2013-02-20
| url= http://investvine.com/increased-attention-to-myanmars-energy-sector/
| url= http://investvine.com/increased-attention-to-myanmars-energy-sector/
| accessdate =2013-02-20}}
| access-date =2013-02-20}}
</ref>
</ref>


==Major Dams==
==Major dams==


===Salween river===
===Salween river===
[[image:Salawin river at Mae Sam Laep.jpg|thumb|165px|Salween River downstream of Weigyi Dam site]]
[[image:Salawin river at Mae Sam Laep.jpg|thumb|165px|Salween River downstream of Weigyi Dam site]]
[[File:Salween watershed.png|thumb|Salween River and watershed]]
[[File:Salween watershed.png|thumb|Salween River and watershed]]
Seven dams have been proposed for the Salween River. The largest of these hydro power projects is the {{convert|7100|MW}} (MW) [[Tasang Dam]] on the [[Salween River]], which is to be integrated into the [[Asian Development Bank]]’s [http://www.adb.org/documents/tars/reg/39594-reg-tar.pdf Greater Mekong Sub-region Power Grid]. A ground breaking ceremony for the Tasang Dam was held in March 2007, and China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) started preliminary construction shortly after. China’s involvement in the damming of the Salween River is not limited to the Tasang project.
Seven dams have been proposed for the Salween River. The largest of these hydro power projects is the {{convert|7100|MW}} [[Tasang Dam]] on the [[Salween River]], which is to be integrated into the [[Asian Development Bank]]'s [https://web.archive.org/web/20110428042115/http://www.adb.org/documents/tars/reg/39594-reg-tar.pdf Greater Mekong Sub-region Power Grid]. A groundbreaking ceremony for the Tasang Dam was held in March 2007, and China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) started preliminary construction shortly after. China's involvement in the damming of the Salween River is not limited to the Tasang project.


In 2006, the government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Sinohydro for the US$1 billion, 1,200 MW [http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=227:survey-work-pressing-ahead-at-hat-gyi-dam-site&catid=34:news&Itemid=56 Hat Gyi Dam] along the Thai border. In April 2007, Farsighted Group, now known as [[Hanergy]], and China Gold Water Resources Co. signed MoUs for an additional 2,400 MW hydropower project on the upper Salween, an area which Yunnan Power Grid Co. reportedly surveyed in 2006.
In 2006, the government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Sinohydro for the US$1 billion, 1,200 MW [http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=227:survey-work-pressing-ahead-at-hat-gyi-dam-site&catid=34:news&Itemid=56 Hat Gyi Dam] along the Thai border. In April 2007, Farsighted Group (now known as [[Hanergy]]) and China Gold Water Resources Co. signed MoUs for an additional 2,400 MW hydropower project on the upper Salween, an area which Yunnan Power Grid Co. reportedly surveyed in 2006.


In April 2008, Sinohydro, China Southern Power Grid Co., and China [[Three Gorges]] Project Co. signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement for the development of the hydro power potential of the Salween River. Despite China’s involvement in these large-scale dams on the Salween, most of the electricity is destined for export to neighboring Thailand.
In April 2008, Sinohydro, China Southern Power Grid Co., and China [[Three Gorges]] Project Co. signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement for the development of the hydro power potential of the Salween River. Despite China's involvement in these large-scale dams on the Salween, most of the electricity is destined for export to neighboring Thailand.


However, In May 2009, Chinese Premier [[Wen Jiabao]] halted the construction of the [[Liuku dam]] on the Salween River in China’s [[Yunnan province]], calling for more thorough [[Environmental impact assessment|impact assessment]]s.<ref name="Black">{{cite news|url=http://burmadigest.info/2009/12/22/black-day-for-burma’s-irrawaddy-junta-ministers-host-myitsone-dam-“celebration”/|title=Black day for Burma's Irrawaddy: junta ministers host Myitsone dam "celebration" |date=Dec 22, 2009| work=Burma Digest|accessdate=6 February 2010}}</ref>
However, In May 2009, Chinese Premier [[Wen Jiabao]] halted the construction of the [[Liuku dam]] on the Salween River in China's [[Yunnan province]], calling for more thorough [[Environmental impact assessment|impact assessment]]s.<ref name="Black">{{cite news|url=http://burmadigest.info/2009/12/22/black-day-for-burma's-irrawaddy-junta-ministers-host-myitsone-dam-"celebration"/|title=Black day for Burma's Irrawaddy: junta ministers host Myitsone dam "celebration" |date=Dec 22, 2009| work=Burma Digest|access-date=6 February 2010}}</ref>


===Shweli River===
===Shweli River===
The {{convert|1420|MW}} [[Shweli I Dam|Shweli I]], II, III Cascade, in [[Shan State]] near the Chinese border, has also received significant Chinese support. Yunnan Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Co. (YMEC) began work on the Shweli I Hydropower Plant in February 2004 and, following the government's inability to secure funding, joined with Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Development Co. and Yunnan Power Grid Co. to create the Yunnan Joint Power Development Company (YUPD) in August 2006. For more information regarding the Salween River, see {{#tag:ref|Mon Youth Progressive Organization. 2007. In the Balance: Salween Dams Threaten Downstream Communities in Burma; Shan Sapawa. 2006. Warning Signs:An Update on Plans to Dam the Salween in Burma’s Shan State; Karen Rivers Watch. 2004. Damming at Gunpoint:Burma Atrocities Pave the Way for Salween Dams in Karen State; & Salween Watch, Southeast Asia Rivers Network & Center for Social Development Studies at Chulalongkorn University. 2004. The Salween Under Threat:Damming the Longest Free River in Southeast Asia. All available at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/publications.html] 25 ‘缅甸萨尔温江战略合作框架协议签署 (Salween River Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement Signed).’ 金融界, 28 April 2008.[http://info.jrj.com.cn/news/2008-04-28/000003585891.html] 26 ‘激战瑞丽江——水电十四局瑞丽江电站截流施工纪实 (Shweli River Fierce Battle-Shweli Dam 14th Bureau Damming Construction).’ Sinohydro Website, 26 February 2007. [http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=11724607890001] For photographs of construction at the Shweli I Dam site see ‘瑞丽江项目部图库 (Shweli River Project Bureau Photographs).’ Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 29 June 2007.[http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=61&id=394] 27 ‘中国在缅甸投资的首个水电项目成功截流 (China’s First Hydropower Investment in Burma Successfully Dammed).’ China Electricity Council, 13 December 2006. [http://www.cec.org.cn/news/showc.asp?id=92488]; For more information regarding the Shweli Cascade see Palaung Youth Network Group. 2007. Under the Boot. Available in English and Chinese at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/brn.html] Sinohydro’s 14th Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website |group="A"}}
The {{convert|1420|MW}} [[Shweli I Dam|Shweli I]], II, III Cascade, in [[Shan State]] near the Chinese border, has also received significant Chinese support. Yunnan Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Co. (YMEC) began work on the Shweli I Hydropower Plant in February 2004 and, following the government's inability to secure funding, joined with Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Development Co. and Yunnan Power Grid Co. to create the Yunnan Joint Power Development Company (YUPD) in August 2006. For more information regarding the Salween River, see {{#tag:ref|Mon Youth Progressive Organization. 2007. In the Balance: Salween Dams Threaten Downstream Communities in Burma; Shan Sapawa. 2006. Warning Signs:An Update on Plans to Dam the Salween in Burma's Shan State; Karen Rivers Watch. 2004. Damming at Gunpoint:Burma Atrocities Pave the Way for Salween Dams in Karen State; & Salween Watch, Southeast Asia Rivers Network & Center for Social Development Studies at Chulalongkorn University. 2004. The Salween Under Threat:Damming the Longest Free River in Southeast Asia. All available at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/publications.html] 25 '缅甸萨尔温江战略合作框架协议签署 (Salween River Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement Signed).' 金融界, 28 April 2008.[http://info.jrj.com.cn/news/2008-04-28/000003585891.html] 26 '激战瑞丽江——水电十四局瑞丽江电站截流施工纪实 (Shweli River Fierce Battle-Shweli Dam 14th Bureau Damming Construction).' Sinohydro Website, 26 February 2007. [http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=11724607890001] For photographs of construction at the Shweli I Dam site see '瑞丽江项目部图库 (Shweli River Project Bureau Photographs).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 29 June 2007.[http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=61&id=394] 27 '中国在缅甸投资的首个水电项目成功截流 (China's First Hydropower Investment in Burma Successfully Dammed).' China Electricity Council, 13 December 2006. [http://www.cec.org.cn/news/showc.asp?id=92488]; For more information regarding the Shweli Cascade see Palaung Youth Network Group. 2007. Under the Boot. Available in English and Chinese at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/brn.html] Sinohydro's 14th Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website |group="A"}}.


A few months later, YUPD assumed an 80% share in the project after creating the Shweli River I Power Station Co. together with Myanmar, turned the Shweli I dam into a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project, and increased the installed capacity from 400 to 600 MW. At least two Sinohydro subsidiaries have provided construction services for the project, and Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. and Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. have signed US$ multimillion contracts for electricity transmission cables and towers. The Shweli I Hydropower Plant is slated for completion by June 2009, and was half complete as of May 2007.
A few months later, YUPD assumed an 80% share in the project after creating the Shweli River I Power Station Co. together with Myanmar, turned the Shweli I dam into a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project, and increased the installed capacity from 400 to 600 MW. At least two Sinohydro subsidiaries have provided construction services for the project, and Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. and Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. have signed US$ multimillion contracts for electricity transmission cables and towers. The Shweli I Hydropower Plant is slated for completion by June 2009, and was half complete as of May 2007.


===N'Mai, N’Mai, Mali and Irrawaddy Rivers===
===N'Mai, N'Mai, Mali and Irrawaddy Rivers===
In [[Kachin State]], several Chinese MNCs are involved in the construction of seven large dams along the [[N'Mai River|N’Mai Hka]], [[Mali Hka]], and [[Irrawaddy River]], with a combined installed capacity of {{convert|13360|MW}} In 2007, China Power Investment Co. signed agreements with Burmese authorities to finance all seven dams, as well as with China Southern Power Grid Co. [http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/about.htm Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co.] (YMEC) signed an MoU with Myanmar's Ministry of Electric Power in 2006 to develop the hydropower potential of the N’Mai Hka; however details about this arrangement remain unclear. Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning,Design & Research has also completed a feasibility study at the confluence of the N’Mai Hka and Mali Hka.
In [[Kachin State]], several Chinese MNCs are involved in the construction of seven large dams along the [[N'Mai River|N'Mai Hka]], [[Mali Hka]], and [[Irrawaddy River]], with a combined installed capacity of {{convert|13360|MW}} In 2007, China Power Investment Co. signed agreements with Burmese authorities to finance all seven dams, as well as with China Southern Power Grid Co. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161229144728/http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/about.htm Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co.] (YMEC) signed an MoU with Myanmar's Ministry of Electric Power in 2006 to develop the hydropower potential of the N'Mai Hka. However, details of this arrangement remain unclear. Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design & Research has also completed a feasibility study at the confluence of the N'Mai Hka and Mali Hka.


===Others===
===Others===
In western Myanmar, just inside the Indian border, runs the [[Chindwin River]], where several potential dam sites have been identified that are likely to service export-oriented hydro-power plants. The sites include [[Thamanthi]], [[Mawlaik]], [[Homalin]], and [[Shwezaye]] ([http://www.fallingrain.com/world/BM/10/Shwezaye.html]).
In western Myanmar, just inside the Indian border, runs the [[Chindwin River]], where several potential dam sites have been identified that are likely to service export-oriented hydro-power plants. The sites include [[Thamanthi]], [[Mawlaik]], [[Homalin]], and [[Shwezaye]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Shwezaye, Burma|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/BM/10/Shwezaye.html|website=Fallingrain|access-date=2020-05-23}}</ref>


In August 2001, the Kansai Electric Power Company, or KEPCO, contracted with Myanmar to provide technical assistance for developing 12 hydro-power plants, including at least five sites on the [[Sittang River]] Yenwe, Khabaung, Pyu, Bogata and Shwe Gin.<ref name="AKIMOTO"/>
In August 2001, the Kansai Electric Power Company, or KEPCO, contracted with Myanmar to provide technical assistance for developing 12 hydro-power plants, including at least five sites on the [[Sittang River]] Yenwe, Khabaung, Pyu, Bogata and Shwe Gin.<ref name="AKIMOTO"/>


China CAMC Engineering Co. has been involved in the surveying and implementation of hydropower projects in the region. The 790 MW [[Yeywa Dam]] in Mandalay Region, which began construction in 2006, is also being financed and constructed by several Chinese MNCs, including China Gezhouba Group Co.,Sinohydro, China International Trust and Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co., ChinaNational Electric Equipment Co., China National Heavy Machinery Co., and Hunan Savoo Oversea Water and Electric Engineering Co. Additional financial backing for the project is being provided by the China EXIM Bank.
China CAMC Engineering Co. has been involved in the surveying and implementation of hydropower projects in the region. The 790 MW [[Yeywa Dam]] in Mandalay Region, which began construction in 2006, is also being financed and constructed by several Chinese MNCs, including China Gezhouba Group Co., Sinohydro, China International Trust and Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co., ChinaNational Electric Equipment Co., China National Heavy Machinery Co., and Hunan Savoo Oversea Water and Electric Engineering Co. Additional financial backing for the project is being provided by the China EXIM Bank.


In addition to the Yeywa, Shweli and Hat Gyi projects, Sinohydro China’s largest dam company and its subsidiaries have been involved in the [http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2004/Oct04/enlm/Oct05_rg3.html Kun Creek-2], [[Kyauk-aik|Kyauk]], [[Monechaung]],[http://www.maplandia.com/burma/shan/hsipaw/nam-hkam/ Nam Hkam Hka],[http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lower-and-upper-paunglaung.html Paunglaung (upper & lower)], [[Tarpein]] I, [[Thapanseik I, II, III]], and [[Zawgyi River|Zawgyi]] I Dams. As with the Yeywa project, both CITIC and China EXIM Bank provided investment and financial backing for the Thapanseik Dam.
In addition to the Yeywa, Shweli and Hat Gyi projects, Sinohydro China's largest dam company and its subsidiaries have been involved in the [https://archive.today/20070822213342/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2004/Oct04/enlm/Oct05_rg3.html Kun Creek-2], [[Kyauk-aik|Kyauk]], [[Monechaung]], [http://www.maplandia.com/burma/shan/hsipaw/nam-hkam/ Nam Hkam Hka], [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lower-and-upper-paunglaung.html Paunglaung (upper & lower)], [[Tarpein]] I, [[Thapanseik I, II, III]], and [[Zawgyi River|Zawgyi]] I Dams. As with the Yeywa project, both CITIC and China EXIM Bank provided investment and financial backing for the Thapanseik Dam.


The Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) has been one of the most active Chinese companies in Myanmar's hydropower sector. Since the 1990s, YMEC has been involved in more than 25 projects of varying size, including the [[Ching Hkran]], [[Chinshwehaw]], [[Dattawgyaing]], [[Hopin]], [[Kunhein]], [[Kunlon]], [[Kyaing Ton]], [[Kyaukme Dam|Kyaukme]], [[Laiva]], [[Mepan]], [[Nam Hkam Hka]], [[Nam Myaw]], [[Nam Wop]], [[Nancho]], Paunglaung, Upper Paunglaung, Shweli I, II, III Cascade, [[Watwon]], Zaungtu, Zawgyi I and II, [[Zichaung]], and N’Mai Hka River hydropower projects, as well as the Rangoon Dagon Substation. The extent of YMEC involvement in these projects, several of which are completed, is unclear, but appears to involve construction and some financing.{{#tag:ref|‘瑞丽江电站胜利实现截流 (Shweli River Hydropower Station Triumphantly Blocks Water).’ Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 11 December 2006. [http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=3&id=26] 29 ‘Myanmar Installs More Transmission Lines for New Power Plant.’ Xinhua General News Service, 5 July 2007; ‘About Huyong.’ Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. Website.[http://www.hydl-cn.com/en/aboutus.htm] [Thanks toCourier Research Associates for providing this link.] ; & ‘缅甸瑞丽江一级电站工程总承建包合同在昆签字 (ContractsSigned in Kunming for Shweli I Dam).’ Sinohydro’s 14th Engineering Bureau Website, 5 July 2007. 30 For more information, see Kachin Development Network Group. 2007. Damming the Irrawaddy. Available at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/brn.html]|group="A"}}
The Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) has been one of the most active Chinese companies in Myanmar's hydropower sector. Since the 1990s, YMEC has been involved in more than 25 projects of varying size, including the Ching Hkran, [[Chinshwehaw]], [[Dattawgyaing]], [[Hopin]], [[Kunhein]], [[Kunlon]], [[Kyaing Ton]], [[Kyaukme Dam|Kyaukme]], [[Laiva]], [[Mepan]], [[Nam Hkam Hka]], [[Nam Myaw]], [[Nam Wop]], [[Nancho]], Paunglaung, Upper Paunglaung, Shweli I, II, III Cascade, [[Watwon]], Zaungtu, Zawgyi I and II, [[Zichaung]], and N'Mai Hka River hydropower projects, as well as the Rangoon Dagon Substation. The extent of YMEC involvement in these projects, several of which are completed, is unclear, but appears to involve construction and some financing.{{#tag:ref|'瑞丽江电站胜利实现截流 (Shweli River Hydropower Station Triumphantly Blocks Water).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 11 December 2006. [http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=3&id=26] 29 'Myanmar Installs More Transmission Lines for New Power Plant.' Xinhua General News Service, 5 July 2007; 'About Huyong.' Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. Website.[http://www.hydl-cn.com/en/aboutus.htm] [Thanks toCourier Research Associates for providing this link.]; & '缅甸瑞丽江一级电站工程总承建包合同在昆签字 (ContractsSigned in Kunming for Shweli I Dam).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Website, 5 July 2007. 30 For more information, see Kachin Development Network Group. 2007. Damming the Irrawaddy. Available at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/brn.html]|group="A"}}


==Lists of dams==
==Lists of dams==
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|url=http://burmariversnetwork.org/news/11-news/268-myanmar-biggest-hydropower-plant-to-be-put-on-test-run.html|title= Myanmar biggest hydropower plant to be put on test run|date=2009-11-22
|url=http://burmariversnetwork.org/news/11-news/268-myanmar-biggest-hydropower-plant-to-be-put-on-test-run.html|title= Myanmar biggest hydropower plant to be put on test run|date=2009-11-22
|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network
|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network
|accessdate=10 February 2010}}
|access-date=10 February 2010}}
</ref> || 1 || [[Shweli River]] ||600 ||2008-12 ||Shan State, near Man Tat village<br>([[Palaung people|Palaung]]){{coord|23|39|11|N|97|28|52|E}}<ref name="electrical">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs2/myanmar-elec.pdf|title=ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY OF BURMA/MYANMAR ON-LINE COMPENDIUM |publisher=BurmaLibrary.org|accessdate=16 February 2010}}</ref>
</ref> || 1 || [[Shweli River]] ||600 ||2008-12 ||Shan State, near Man Tat village<br />([[Palaung people|Palaung]]){{coord|23|39|11|N|97|28|52|E}}<ref name="electrical">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs2/myanmar-elec.pdf|title=ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY OF BURMA/MYANMAR ON-LINE COMPENDIUM |publisher=BurmaLibrary.org|access-date=16 February 2010}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/NLM1997-06-01-text.pdf Zawgyi I Dam] || 2 ||[[Zawgyi River]] ||18 || 1997-5-31 ||[[Shan State]], [[Lawksawk Township|Yaksauk Township]] {{coord|21.5646|N|96.8735|E|dim:5000_region:MM|display=inline}}
|[http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/NLM1997-06-01-text.pdf Zawgyi I Dam] || 2 ||[[Zawgyi River]] ||18 || 1997-5-31 ||[[Shan State]], [[Lawksawk Township|Yaksauk Township]] {{coord|21.5646|N|96.8735|E|dim:5000_region:MM|display=inline}}
Line 111: Line 115:
| Zawgyi II Dam || 3 ||[[Zawgyi River]] ||12 || 1998-11 || [[Shan State]]
| Zawgyi II Dam || 3 ||[[Zawgyi River]] ||12 || 1998-11 || [[Shan State]]
|-
|-
| [[Yeywa Dam]]<ref name="YHP">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/burmese/images/stories/documents/yeywaoverview.pdf|title=Yeywa Hydropower Project, an Overview|authors=U. Win Kyaw, U. Myint Zaw, Alan Dredge, Paul Fischer, K. Steiger|publisher=Vietnam National Commission On Large Dams |accessdate=9 February 2010}}</ref> ||4 ||[[Myitnge River]] ||790||2010 ||{{coord|21|41|20|N|96|25|17|E}}
| [[Yeywa Dam]]<ref name="YHP">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/burmese/images/stories/documents/yeywaoverview.pdf|title=Yeywa Hydropower Project, an Overview|author=U. Win Kyaw |author2=U. Myint Zaw |author3=Alan Dredge |author4=Paul Fischer |author5=K. Steiger |publisher=Vietnam National Commission On Large Dams |access-date=9 February 2010}}</ref> ||4 ||[[Myitnge River]] ||790||2010 ||{{coord|21|41|20|N|96|25|17|E}}
|-
|-
|[http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/tarpeindapein.html Dapein I] || 5 || [[Dapein River]] ||168 ||2005 ||
|[http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/tarpeindapein.html Dapein I] || 5 || [[Dapein River]] ||168 ||2005 ||
Line 117: Line 121:
| Dapein II || 6 ||Dapein River ||240 ||2006 ||
| Dapein II || 6 ||Dapein River ||240 ||2006 ||
|-
|-
|[[Upper Paunglaung Dam]]<ref name="burmariversnetwork.org.lower-and-upper-paunglaung">{{cite web |ref=harv|year= 2010|url = http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lower-and-upper-paunglaung.html|title = Upper and Lower Paunglaung Dams |publisher = burmariversnetwork.org| accessdate = March 9, 2010 | last=| first= |quote=}}</ref>|| 7 || [[Paunglaung River]] ||140|| 2009-12 ||
|[[Upper Paunglaung Dam]]<ref name="burmariversnetwork.org.lower-and-upper-paunglaung">{{cite web |year= 2010|url = http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lower-and-upper-paunglaung.html|title = Upper and Lower Paunglaung Dams |publisher = burmariversnetwork.org| access-date = March 9, 2010 }}</ref>|| 7 || [[Paunglaung River]] ||140|| 2009-12 ||
|-
|-
| [[Lower Paunglaung Dam]] || 8 || Paunglaung River ||280|| 2005 ||
| [[Lower Paunglaung Dam]] || 8 || Paunglaung River ||280|| 2005 ||
|-
|-
|[http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Article/Article2001/Oct/oct14.html Zaungtu Dam] || 9 ||Bago River ||20 ||2000-3 ||[[Bago Region]]
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070707035024/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Article/Article2001/Oct/oct14.html Zaungtu Dam] || 9 ||Bago River ||20 ||2000-3 ||[[Bago Region]]
|-
|-
|[http://google.com/search?q=cache:5lzY2mNuoO0J:www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2002/5/0510.html+Baluchaung+II&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=safariBaluchaung II] || 10 || ||48 ||1960, 1992-8 || [[Karenni State]]
|[http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2002/5/0510.html II] || 10 || ||48 ||1960, 1992-8 || [[Karenni State]]
|-
|-
|[http://www.adb.org/Documents/PCRs/MYA/36112-MYA-PCR.pdf Sedawgyi] ||11 ||[[Chaungmagyi River]]|| 25 ||1989-6 || Mandalay Region, [[Mogok]]
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20110428042122/http://www.adb.org/Documents/PCRs/MYA/36112-MYA-PCR.pdf Sedawgyi] ||11 ||[[Chaungmagyi River]]|| 25 ||1989-6 || Mandalay Region, [[Mogok]]
|-
|-
|[http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Article/Article2005/Feb/Feb13.htm Mogok]<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 12 || || 4 || yes ||[[Mandalay Region]]
|[http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Article/Article2005/Feb/Feb13.htm Mogok]<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 12 || || 4 || yes ||[[Mandalay Region]]
Line 135: Line 139:
|Hopin Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 15|| || 1.26 ||yes ||
|Hopin Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 15|| || 1.26 ||yes ||
|-
|-
|[[Kunhing]]<ref name="ASEAN"/>||16 || || .15 || yes || Shan State<br>{{coord|21|18|0|N|98|26|0|E}}
|[[Kunhing]]<ref name="ASEAN"/>||16 || || .15 || yes || Shan State<br />{{coord|21|18|0|N|98|26|0|E}}
|-
|-
|Namlat (Kyaington)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||17 || ||.48 ||yes || Shan State
|Namlat (Kyaington)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||17 || ||.48 ||yes || Shan State
Line 141: Line 145:
| Chinshwehaw Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 18 ||||0.1 || yes || Shan State
| Chinshwehaw Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 18 ||||0.1 || yes || Shan State
|-
|-
| [http://www.angelfire.com/rock3/shanyouth/body/status-of-salween-dam-plans.html Kinda Dam]<ref name="ASEAN"/><ref>
| [https://www.angelfire.com/rock3/shanyouth/body/status-of-salween-dam-plans.html Kinda Dam]<ref name="ASEAN"/><ref>
[http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2002/pdf/069_full.pdf Nyauggyat (Kinda) Dam Multipurpose Project ]
[http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2002/pdf/069_full.pdf Nyauggyat (Kinda) Dam Multipurpose Project ]
]</ref>|| 19 ||Panlaung river|| 56 || 1985 ||Mandalay Reg.. [[Thazi Township]]
]</ref>|| 19 ||Panlaung river|| 56 || 1985 ||Mandalay Reg.. [[Thazi Township]]
Line 153: Line 157:
|Maing Lar<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 23 || ||.06 || ||Shan State
|Maing Lar<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 23 || ||.06 || ||Shan State
|-
|-
|Baluchaung I <ref name="ASEAN">{{cite web|url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm |title=Completed and On-Going Projects |date=2006-05-09 |publisher=ASEAN Centre for Energy |accessdate=13 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114804/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm |archivedate=December 4, 2008 }}</ref>||24 || ||28 || || [[Kayah State]]
|Baluchaung I <ref name="ASEAN">{{cite web|url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm |title=Completed and On-Going Projects |date=2006-05-09 |publisher=ASEAN Centre for Energy |access-date=13 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114804/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm |archive-date=December 4, 2008 }}</ref>||24 || ||28 || || [[Karenni State]]
|-
|-
| Ching Hkran Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 25 || ||2.52 || || Kachin State
| Ching Hkran Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 25 || ||2.52 || || Kachin State
Line 169: Line 173:
| Zi Chaung Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 31 || ||1.26 || || [[Sagaing Region]]
| Zi Chaung Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 31 || ||1.26 || || [[Sagaing Region]]
|-
|-
| [[Nam Hkam Hka Dam]] <br>(Mogaung)<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 32 || || 5 || ||Kachin State ({{coord|22|17|0|N|97|40|0|E}})
| [[Nam Hkam Hka Dam]] <br />(Mogaung)<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 32 || || 5 || ||Kachin State ({{coord|22|17|0|N|97|40|0|E}})
|-
|-
| Nam Suang Ngaung <br>(Kyaukme)<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 33 || ||4 || ||Shan State
| Nam Suang Ngaung <br />(Kyaukme)<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 33 || ||4 || ||Shan State
|-
|-
| Lahe<ref name="ASEAN"/>||34 || || .05 || || Sagaing Region
| Lahe<ref name="ASEAN"/>||34 || || .05 || || Sagaing Region
|-
|-
| Tui swang <br>(Tonzang)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||35 || ||.2 || || [[Chin State]]
| Tui swang <br />(Tonzang)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||35 || ||.2 || || [[Chin State]]
|-
|-
| Che Chaung<br>(Mindat)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||36 || ||.2 || ||
| Che Chaung<br />(Mindat)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||36 || ||.2 || ||
|-
|-
| Thapanseik Dam ||37 || ||30|| 2002-6 || [[Sagaing Region]]
| Thapanseik Dam ||37 || ||30|| 2002-6 || [[Sagaing Region]]
|-
|-
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Lawpita Dam] || 39 || || 192 || 1992 || Kayah state
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Lawpita Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119003720/http://burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html |date=2010-01-19 }} || 39 || || 192 || 1992 || Karenni state
|-
|-
| Monechaung<ref name="electrical"/>||40 || || 75|| 2004 |||[[Magway Region]] ({{coord|20.4786|N|94.254|E}})
| Monechaung<ref name="electrical"/>||40 || || 75|| 2004 |||[[Magway Region]] ({{coord|20.4786|N|94.254|E}})
Line 194: Line 198:
! Name !! # !! Impounds !! Capacity ([[Megawatt|MW]]) !! Commission !! Location
! Name !! # !! Impounds !! Capacity ([[Megawatt|MW]]) !! Commission !! Location
|-
|-
| [[Myitsone Dam]]|| 1 ||[[Irawaddy River]] || 3600 ||2017 est.||{{coord|25|41|23|N|97|31|4|E}}
| [[Myitsone Dam]]|| 1 ||[[Irawaddy River]] || 6000 ||2017 est.||{{coord|25|41|23|N|97|31|4|E}}
|-
|-
| Chibwe Dam<ref name="electrical"/>|| 2|| [[N'Mai River]] || 2000 || ||{{coord|25|53|36|N|98|7|49|E}}
| Chibwe Dam<ref name="electrical"/>|| 2|| [[N'Mai River]] || 3400 || ||{{coord|25|55|46|N|98|8|21|E}}
|-
|-
| Pashe Dam<ref name="electrical"/>|| 3|| N'Mai River || 1600 || || {{coord|26|29|0|N|98|18|59|E}}
| Pashe Dam<ref name="electrical"/>|| 3|| N'Mai River || 1600 || || {{coord|26|29|0|N|98|18|59|E}}
Line 210: Line 214:
| [[Chibwe Creek Dam]]<ref name="electrical"/>|| 8 ||N'Mai River (Chibwe Creek) || 99 || ||{{coord|25|53|40|N|98|8|40|E}}
| [[Chibwe Creek Dam]]<ref name="electrical"/>|| 8 ||N'Mai River (Chibwe Creek) || 99 || ||{{coord|25|53|40|N|98|8|40|E}}
|-
|-
| [http://www.ssig.kpkk.gov.my/ssig/news/fullnews.php?news_id=86631&news_cat=fp Shwe Kyin Dam]|| 10 || Shwe Kyin Chaung<br>(Stream) || 75|| ||{{coord|17|58|24|N|96|56|15|E}}
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034847/http://www.ssig.kpkk.gov.my/ssig/news/fullnews.php?news_id=86631&news_cat=fp Shwe Kyin Dam]|| 10 || Shwe Kyin Chaung<br />(Stream) || 75|| ||{{coord|17|58|24|N|96|56|15|E}}
|-
|-
| Tarpein I <ref>Dam</ref>[http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/business/560/biz56003.html Tarpien I] <ref>[http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=14360 Chinese Dam Incurs KIO Wrath]</ref>|| 13 || [[Tarpein River]] ||240 || ||
| Tarpein I <ref>Dam</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045953/http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/business/560/biz56003.html Tarpien I]<ref>[http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=14360 Chinese Dam Incurs KIO Wrath]</ref>|| 13 || [[Tarpein River]] ||240 || ||
|-
|-
| Tarpein II Dam || 14 || Tarpein River||168 || ||
| Tarpein II Dam || 14 || Tarpein River||168 || ||
Line 222: Line 226:
| Shweli III Dam || 18 || Shweli River ||360 || ||
| Shweli III Dam || 18 || Shweli River ||360 || ||
|-
|-
| [[Kunlong Dam|Upper Thanlwin-<br>Kunlong Dams]] || 19 || Salween River ||2400 || ||{{coord|23|31|54|N|98|36|40|E}}
| [[Kunlong Dam|Upper Thanlwin-<br />Kunlong Dams]] || 19 || Salween River ||2400 || ||{{coord|23|31|54|N|98|36|40|E}}
|-
|-
| Mepan (Meipan) Dam || 22 || ||1.26 || ||
| Mepan (Meipan) Dam || 22 || ||1.26 || ||
Line 254: Line 258:
| Kapaung Dam ||47 || ||30 || || Bago Region
| Kapaung Dam ||47 || ||30 || || Bago Region
|-
|-
| Kunchaung Dam || 48 || ||60 || || Bago Region
| Kunchaung Dam || 48 || ||60 || || Bago Region
|-
|-
| Yenwe Dam || 49 || ||25 || || Bago Region
| Yenwe Dam || 49 || ||25 || || Bago Region
Line 260: Line 264:
| Kyauk Naga Dam || 51 || ||75 || ||
| Kyauk Naga Dam || 51 || ||75 || ||
|-
|-
| [[Hatgyi Dam]]<ref name="agree">{{cite web|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2033031 |title=News Thailand and Myanmar agree Salween investment |publisher=Water Power and Dam Construction |accessdate=10 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034920/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2033031 |archivedate=28 April 2011 |df= }}</ref> || 52 ||Salween River ||1360 || ||
| [[Hatgyi Dam]]<ref name="agree">{{cite web|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2033031 |title=News Thailand and Myanmar agree Salween investment |publisher=Water Power and Dam Construction |access-date=10 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034920/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2033031 |archive-date=28 April 2011 }}</ref> || 52 ||Salween River ||1360 || ||
|-
|-
| Dagwin dam<ref name="AKIMOTO"/><ref name="Dagwin">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/salween-dams/dagwin.html|title=Dagwin Dam, Dam Specifications |year=2010|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network|accessdate=7 February 2010}}</ref>
| Dagwin dam<ref name="AKIMOTO"/><ref name="Dagwin">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/salween-dams/dagwin.html|title=Dagwin Dam, Dam Specifications |year=2010|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network|access-date=7 February 2010}}</ref>
|| 53|| Salween River || 792 || ||
|| 53|| Salween River || 792 || ||
|-
|-
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/tamanthi.html Tamanthi]<ref name="MT"/><ref name="BHEL">
| [https://archive.today/20130414094823/http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/tamanthi.html Tamanthi]<ref name="MT"/><ref name="BHEL">
{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/news/news-archives/162-bhel-nhpc-in-joint-bid-to-bring-myanmar-project-back-on-track.html|title= Bhel, NHPC in joint bid to bring Myanmar project back on track|date=2009-02-13|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network|accessdate=8 February 2010}}</ref> || 54 || [[Chindwin River]] ||1200|| ||
{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/news/news-archives/162-bhel-nhpc-in-joint-bid-to-bring-myanmar-project-back-on-track.html|title= Bhel, NHPC in joint bid to bring Myanmar project back on track|date=2009-02-13|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network|access-date=8 February 2010}}</ref> || 54 || [[Chindwin River]] ||1200|| ||
|-
|-
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/salween-dams/weigyi.html Weigyi]<ref name="AKIMOTO">{{cite news|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3757 |title=Hydro-powering the Regime |last=Akimoto |first=Yuki |date=June 2004 |work=The Irawaddy, Vol. 12, No. 6 |publisher=Irrawaddy Publishing Group |accessdate=6 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920063727/http://irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3757 |archivedate=20 September 2010 |df= }}</ref> || 56 ||Salween River||4540 || ||{{coord|18|37|47|N|97|21|39|E}}
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/salween-dams/weigyi.html Weigyi]<ref name="AKIMOTO">{{cite news|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3757 |title=Hydro-powering the Regime |last=Akimoto |first=Yuki |date=June 2004 |work=The Irawaddy, Vol. 12, No. 6 |publisher=Irrawaddy Publishing Group |access-date=6 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920063727/http://irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3757 |archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref> || 56 ||Salween River||4540 || ||{{coord|18|37|47|N|97|21|39|E}}
|-
|-
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Mobye Dam] || 57 || [[Balu Chaung River]] || 168 || ||
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Mobye Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119003720/http://burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html |date=2010-01-19 }} || 57 || [[Balu Chaung River]] || 168 || ||
|-
|-
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Datawcha Dam] || 58 || Balu Chaung River|| 28 || ||
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Datawcha Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119003720/http://burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html |date=2010-01-19 }} || 58 || Balu Chaung River|| 28 || ||
|-
|-
|Tha Htay Chaung<ref name="BNI">{{cite web|url=http://www.bnionline.net/news/narinjara/5684-hydro-power-projects-to-produce-over-600-mw-in-arakan-state.html |title=Hydro-power projects to produce over 600 MW in Arakan state |date=2009-01-14 |work=Burma News International |accessdate=8 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612200338/http://bnionline.net/news/narinjara/5684-hydro-power-projects-to-produce-over-600-mw-in-arakan-state.html |archivedate=12 June 2010 |df= }}</ref> || 59 || ||111 || || [[Thandwe Township]]
|Tha Htay Chaung<ref name="BNI">{{cite web|url=http://www.bnionline.net/news/narinjara/5684-hydro-power-projects-to-produce-over-600-mw-in-arakan-state.html |title=Hydro-power projects to produce over 600 MW in Arakan state |date=2009-01-14 |work=Burma News International |access-date=8 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612200338/http://bnionline.net/news/narinjara/5684-hydro-power-projects-to-produce-over-600-mw-in-arakan-state.html |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> || 59 || ||111 || || [[Thandwe Township]]
|-
|-
|Ann Chaung<ref name="BNI"/> || 60 ||Ann River ||10 || ||[[Ann Township]]
|Ann Chaung<ref name="BNI"/> || 60 ||Ann River ||10 || ||[[Ann Township]]
|-
|-
| [http://www.arakanrivers.net/?page_id=184 Sai Din Dam]<ref name="BNI"/><ref name="SDH">{{cite web|url=http://democracyforburma.wordpress.com/2009/04/03/sai-din-hydropower-project-resumes-the-project-has-already-started-with-the-help-of-the-chinese-government-and-it-is-a-five-year-project-set-to-complete-in-2014/|title=Sai Din Hydropower Project Resumes|work=Burma News|publisher=Democracy for Burma|accessdate=8 February 2010}}</ref> ||61 || [[Sai Din]] Waterfall ||76.5||2014 est. ||[[Buthidaung]]
| [http://www.arakanrivers.net/?page_id=184 Sai Din Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430064626/http://www.arakanrivers.net/?page_id=184 |date=2011-04-30 }}<ref name="BNI"/><ref name="SDH">{{cite web|url=http://democracyforburma.wordpress.com/2009/04/03/sai-din-hydropower-project-resumes-the-project-has-already-started-with-the-help-of-the-chinese-government-and-it-is-a-five-year-project-set-to-complete-in-2014/|title=Sai Din Hydropower Project Resumes|work=Burma News|date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Democracy for Burma|access-date=8 February 2010}}</ref> ||61 || [[Sai Din]] Waterfall ||76.5||2014 est. ||[[Buthidaung]]
|-
|-
| Laymro Dam<ref name="BNI"/>||62 || [[Laymro River]] || 500 || ||
| Laymro Dam<ref name="BNI"/>||62 || [[Laymro River]] || 500 || ||
|-
|-
|Shwesayay Dam<ref name="MT">{{cite news |url=http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180:myanmar-india-sign-hydro-deal&catid=34:news&Itemid=56 |title=Myanmar, India sign hydro deal Mo |date=2008-11-22 |work=The Myanmar Times |publisher=Salween Watch |accessdate=8 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727233353/http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180%3Amyanmar-india-sign-hydro-deal&catid=34%3Anews&Itemid=56 |archivedate=27 July 2011 |df= }}</ref> ||63 || Chindwin River ||600 || ||
|Shwesayay Dam<ref name="MT">{{cite news |url=http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180:myanmar-india-sign-hydro-deal&catid=34:news&Itemid=56 |title=Myanmar, India sign hydro deal Mo |date=2008-11-22 |work=The Myanmar Times |publisher=Salween Watch |access-date=8 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727233353/http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180%3Amyanmar-india-sign-hydro-deal&catid=34%3Anews&Itemid=56 |archive-date=27 July 2011 }}</ref> ||63 || Chindwin River ||600 || ||
|-
|-
|Taninthayi<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Taninthayi">{{cite web|ref=harv |date=October 15, 2008 |year=2010 |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051219 |title=Myanmar plans Taninthayi, sees Yeywa two-thirds complete |format= |publisher=waterpowermagazine.com |accessdate=March 9, 2010 |last=waterpowermagazine.com |first= |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034941/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051219 |archivedate=April 28, 2011 |df= }}</ref>
|Taninthayi<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Taninthayi">{{cite web|title=Myanmar plans Taninthayi, sees Yeywa two-thirds complete|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051219|last=waterpowermagazine.com|date=October 15, 2008|website=waterpowermagazine.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034941/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051219|archive-date=April 28, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2010}}</ref>
|| 65 || || 600|| ||
|| 65 || || 600|| ||
|-
|-
|Htamanthi<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Htamanthi">{{cite web|ref=harv |date=September 23, 2008 |year=2010 |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051004 |title=NHPC signs major hydro MoU with Myanmar |format= |publisher=waterpowermagazine.com |accessdate=March 9, 2010 |last=waterpowermagazine.com |first= |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034958/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051004 |archivedate=April 28, 2011 |df= }}</ref>
|Htamanthi<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Htamanthi">{{cite web|title=NHPC signs major hydro MoU with Myanmar|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051004|last=waterpowermagazine.com|date=September 23, 2008|website=waterpowermagazine.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034958/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051004|archive-date=April 28, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2010}}</ref>
|| 66 || ||1200 || ||
|| 66 || ||1200 || ||
|-
|-
|Tajan<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Tajan">{{cite web|ref=harv |date=April 5, 2007 |year=2010 |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2043491 |title=China Gezhouba set for Mombela, Tajan and delivers at Busan |format= |publisher=waterpowermagazine.com |accessdate=March 9, 2010 |last=waterpowermagazine.com |first= |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034901/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2043491 |archivedate=April 28, 2011 |df= }}</ref>||67 || || || ||
|Tajan<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Tajan">{{cite web|title=China Gezhouba set for Mombela, Tajan and delivers at Busan|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2043491|date=April 5, 2007|website=waterpowermagazine.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034901/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2043491|archive-date=April 28, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2010}}</ref>||67 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Nam Kok ||68 || ||42,100 to 150|| ||
| Nam Kok ||68 || ||42,100 to 150|| ||
Line 307: Line 311:
|+ List of Hydroelectric Dams in Myanmar
|+ List of Hydroelectric Dams in Myanmar
! Name !! # !! impounds !! irrigated area !! Coordinates
! Name !! # !! impounds !! irrigated area !! Coordinates
| Pa Del Dam ( ပဒဲေရေလွာင္တမံ) || 1 || || irrigation || Aung Lan Township , Magway Division
| Pa Del Dam ( ပဒဲေရေလွာင္တမံ) || 1 || || irrigation || Aung Lan Township, Magway Division
| Chaungmagyi Dam || 1 || || {{convert|3,000|acre|km2}}
| Chaungmagyi Dam || 1 || || {{convert|3,000|acre|km2}}
|-
|-
| [[Kataik Dam]]|| 2 || || irrigation ||
| [[Kataik Dam]]|| 2 || || irrigation ||
|-
|-
| [[Ngalaik Dam]] || 3 || ||irrigation &<br> industrial water || [[Pyinmana Township]]
| [[Ngalaik Dam]] || 3 || ||irrigation &<br /> industrial water || [[Pyinmana Township]]
|-
|-
| Yezin Dam || 4 || || irrigation ||{{coord|19|51|54|N|96|16|59|E}}
| Yezin Dam || 4 || || irrigation ||{{coord|19|51|54|N|96|16|59|E}}
|}
|}


In addition there were at least 10 major irrigation dams completed during the period between 1962 and 1988.<ref name="ID">{{cite web|url=http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/between1962and1988.html|title=Irrigation Works in Myanmar|year=2004|publisher=Irrigation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation|accessdate=6 February 2010}}</ref>
In addition there were at least 10 major irrigation dams completed during the period between 1962 and 1988.<ref name="ID">{{cite web|url=http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/between1962and1988.html|title=Irrigation Works in Myanmar|year=2004|publisher=Irrigation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation|access-date=6 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709164126/http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/between1962and1988.html|archive-date=9 July 2009}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 331: Line 335:
==External sources==
==External sources==
*[http://www.burmariversnetwork.org Map of dams]
*[http://www.burmariversnetwork.org Map of dams]
*[http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/gallery.html#02 Photo Gallery of Dams from 1961 to 2004]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100927190802/http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/gallery.html#02 Photo Gallery of Dams from 1961 to 2004]
*[http://www.yangoncity.com.mm/ministry/ministry_of_electric_power.asp historical background of the Ministry of Electric Power]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100418193129/http://www.yangoncity.com.mm/ministry/ministry_of_electric_power.asp historical background of the Ministry of Electric Power]
*[http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/future_hydro_projects.htm Myanmar Future Projects 1. HYDRO]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040513115604/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/future_hydro_projects.htm Myanmar Future Projects 1. HYDRO]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114804/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm Completed and On-Going Projects - Hydropower]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114804/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm Completed and On-Going Projects - Hydropower]


Line 341: Line 345:
[[Category:Dams in Myanmar| ]]
[[Category:Dams in Myanmar| ]]
[[Category:Lists of dams and reservoirs by country|Myanmar]]
[[Category:Lists of dams and reservoirs by country|Myanmar]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Myanmar|Dams]]

Latest revision as of 02:04, 22 November 2024

Moe Bye Dam in Shan State which is the main source for Baluchaung (Lawpita) Hydropower Plants

There are almost 200 large dams in Myanmar.[1][2][3] Myanmar (Burma) has a large hydroelectric power potential of 39,000 megawatts (52,000,000 hp), although the economical exploitable potential is about 37,000 megawatts (50,000,000 hp). Between 1990 and 2002, the country tripled its installed capacity of hydro plants, increasing from 253 megawatts (339,000 hp) to 745 megawatts (999,000 hp).[4] Total installed capacity in 2010 is at least 2,449 megawatts (3,284,000 hp) MW, 6% of potential. Several large dams are planned to increase future hydro utilization.[5]

Background

[edit]

Although Myanmar is underdeveloped in terms of its hydro-power potential it is not for lack of effort. While chairman of the State Peace and Development Council, Sr-Gen Than Shwe prioritized the building of dams. A native of the Kyaukse region through which the Zawgyi River flows, Shwe was widely rumored to believe himself to be a reincarnation of King Anawrahta (r. 1044-1077).[6] During his reign King Anawrahta was a prolific dam- and canal-builder, especially along the Zawgyi river. He viewed his hydro projects as atonement for killing his foster-brother Sokkate.[6]

The total electricity generated by Myanmar in 2002 was 6,614 gigawatt-hours (23,810 TJ), consisting of oil (612 GWh, 9%); gas (3770 GWh, 57%); and hydro (2232 GWh, 34%).[4]

Myanmar's hydro power development activities and plans include five-year short-term plans and a 30-year strategic plan. This involves generating power for domestic use and exporting to neighboring countries, especially China, Thailand and India. Total planned hydro power development in Myanmar is 14,600 MW.[7]

Though the twelve large planned hydroelectric dams generating more than 1,000 MW gain much media attention, there are at least another twelve in the 100 - 1000 MW range and at least 27 smaller microhydroprojects less than 100 MW. The rest of the dams are generally lower-height irrigation structures.

At least 45 Chinese multinational corporations have been involved in approximately 63 hydropower projects in Myanmar, including several related substation and transmission line projects. The country's State Peace and Development Council Chairman Than Shwe met with Chinese representatives at the Shweli I Dam.[1]

Map outlining the states and regions of Myanmar
Exploitable Hydropower Potential of Burma[1] [8]
State/Region Number of Sites MW
Kachin State 39 2,061
Karenni State 7 3,909
Kayin State 21 17,021
Chin State 22 1,312
Sagaing Region 21 2,399
Tanintharyi Region 14 692
Bago Region 11 387
Magwe Region 8 123
Mandalay Region 17 3,482
Mon State 10 292
Rakhine State 14 247
Shan State 83 7,699
Total: 12 267 39,624

The Asian Development Bank's October 2012 assessment of the energy sector in Myanmar reported on the country's abundant hydropower potential, with 92 potential large hydropower projects already identified. [9]

Major dams

[edit]

Salween river

[edit]
Salween River downstream of Weigyi Dam site
Salween River and watershed

Seven dams have been proposed for the Salween River. The largest of these hydro power projects is the 7,100 megawatts (9,500,000 hp) Tasang Dam on the Salween River, which is to be integrated into the Asian Development Bank's Greater Mekong Sub-region Power Grid. A groundbreaking ceremony for the Tasang Dam was held in March 2007, and China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) started preliminary construction shortly after. China's involvement in the damming of the Salween River is not limited to the Tasang project.

In 2006, the government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Sinohydro for the US$1 billion, 1,200 MW Hat Gyi Dam along the Thai border. In April 2007, Farsighted Group (now known as Hanergy) and China Gold Water Resources Co. signed MoUs for an additional 2,400 MW hydropower project on the upper Salween, an area which Yunnan Power Grid Co. reportedly surveyed in 2006.

In April 2008, Sinohydro, China Southern Power Grid Co., and China Three Gorges Project Co. signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement for the development of the hydro power potential of the Salween River. Despite China's involvement in these large-scale dams on the Salween, most of the electricity is destined for export to neighboring Thailand.

However, In May 2009, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao halted the construction of the Liuku dam on the Salween River in China's Yunnan province, calling for more thorough impact assessments.[10]

Shweli River

[edit]

The 1,420 megawatts (1,900,000 hp) Shweli I, II, III Cascade, in Shan State near the Chinese border, has also received significant Chinese support. Yunnan Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Co. (YMEC) began work on the Shweli I Hydropower Plant in February 2004 and, following the government's inability to secure funding, joined with Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Development Co. and Yunnan Power Grid Co. to create the Yunnan Joint Power Development Company (YUPD) in August 2006. For more information regarding the Salween River, see [A 1].

A few months later, YUPD assumed an 80% share in the project after creating the Shweli River I Power Station Co. together with Myanmar, turned the Shweli I dam into a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project, and increased the installed capacity from 400 to 600 MW. At least two Sinohydro subsidiaries have provided construction services for the project, and Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. and Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. have signed US$ multimillion contracts for electricity transmission cables and towers. The Shweli I Hydropower Plant is slated for completion by June 2009, and was half complete as of May 2007.

N'Mai, N'Mai, Mali and Irrawaddy Rivers

[edit]

In Kachin State, several Chinese MNCs are involved in the construction of seven large dams along the N'Mai Hka, Mali Hka, and Irrawaddy River, with a combined installed capacity of 13,360 megawatts (17,920,000 hp) In 2007, China Power Investment Co. signed agreements with Burmese authorities to finance all seven dams, as well as with China Southern Power Grid Co. Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) signed an MoU with Myanmar's Ministry of Electric Power in 2006 to develop the hydropower potential of the N'Mai Hka. However, details of this arrangement remain unclear. Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design & Research has also completed a feasibility study at the confluence of the N'Mai Hka and Mali Hka.

Others

[edit]

In western Myanmar, just inside the Indian border, runs the Chindwin River, where several potential dam sites have been identified that are likely to service export-oriented hydro-power plants. The sites include Thamanthi, Mawlaik, Homalin, and Shwezaye.[11]

In August 2001, the Kansai Electric Power Company, or KEPCO, contracted with Myanmar to provide technical assistance for developing 12 hydro-power plants, including at least five sites on the Sittang River Yenwe, Khabaung, Pyu, Bogata and Shwe Gin.[6]

China CAMC Engineering Co. has been involved in the surveying and implementation of hydropower projects in the region. The 790 MW Yeywa Dam in Mandalay Region, which began construction in 2006, is also being financed and constructed by several Chinese MNCs, including China Gezhouba Group Co., Sinohydro, China International Trust and Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co., ChinaNational Electric Equipment Co., China National Heavy Machinery Co., and Hunan Savoo Oversea Water and Electric Engineering Co. Additional financial backing for the project is being provided by the China EXIM Bank.

In addition to the Yeywa, Shweli and Hat Gyi projects, Sinohydro China's largest dam company and its subsidiaries have been involved in the Kun Creek-2, Kyauk, Monechaung, Nam Hkam Hka, Paunglaung (upper & lower), Tarpein I, Thapanseik I, II, III, and Zawgyi I Dams. As with the Yeywa project, both CITIC and China EXIM Bank provided investment and financial backing for the Thapanseik Dam.

The Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) has been one of the most active Chinese companies in Myanmar's hydropower sector. Since the 1990s, YMEC has been involved in more than 25 projects of varying size, including the Ching Hkran, Chinshwehaw, Dattawgyaing, Hopin, Kunhein, Kunlon, Kyaing Ton, Kyaukme, Laiva, Mepan, Nam Hkam Hka, Nam Myaw, Nam Wop, Nancho, Paunglaung, Upper Paunglaung, Shweli I, II, III Cascade, Watwon, Zaungtu, Zawgyi I and II, Zichaung, and N'Mai Hka River hydropower projects, as well as the Rangoon Dagon Substation. The extent of YMEC involvement in these projects, several of which are completed, is unclear, but appears to involve construction and some financing.[A 2]

Lists of dams

[edit]

Hydroelectric

[edit]
List of operating hydroelectric dams in Myanmar
Name # Impounds MW rating Commission Location
Shweli I Dam[12] 1 Shweli River 600 2008-12 Shan State, near Man Tat village
(Palaung)23°39′11″N 97°28′52″E / 23.65306°N 97.48111°E / 23.65306; 97.48111[13]
Zawgyi I Dam 2 Zawgyi River 18 1997-5-31 Shan State, Yaksauk Township 21°33′53″N 96°52′25″E / 21.5646°N 96.8735°E / 21.5646; 96.8735
Zawgyi II Dam 3 Zawgyi River 12 1998-11 Shan State
Yeywa Dam[14] 4 Myitnge River 790 2010 21°41′20″N 96°25′17″E / 21.68889°N 96.42139°E / 21.68889; 96.42139
Dapein I 5 Dapein River 168 2005
Dapein II 6 Dapein River 240 2006
Upper Paunglaung Dam[15] 7 Paunglaung River 140 2009-12
Lower Paunglaung Dam 8 Paunglaung River 280 2005
Zaungtu Dam 9 Bago River 20 2000-3 Bago Region
II 10 48 1960, 1992-8 Karenni State
Sedawgyi 11 Chaungmagyi River 25 1989-6 Mandalay Region, Mogok
Mogok[16] 12 4 yes Mandalay Region
Zawgyt (1)[16] 13 18 yes Shan State
Kattalu (Kyunsu)[16] 14 .15 yes Tanintharyi Region
Hopin Dam[16] 15 1.26 yes
Kunhing[16] 16 .15 yes Shan State
21°18′0″N 98°26′0″E / 21.30000°N 98.43333°E / 21.30000; 98.43333
Namlat (Kyaington)[16] 17 .48 yes Shan State
Chinshwehaw Dam[16] 18 0.1 yes Shan State
Kinda Dam[16][17] 19 Panlaung river 56 1985 Mandalay Reg.. Thazi Township
Selu[16] 20 .024 Shan State
Malikyun (Palaw)[16] 21 .192 Tanintharyi Region
Matupi (Namlaung)[16] 22 .2 Chin State
Maing Lar[16] 23 .06 Shan State
Baluchaung I [16] 24 28 Karenni State
Ching Hkran Dam[16] 25 2.52 Kachin State
Laiva Dam[16] 26 0.96 - 0.6 Chin State
Nam Wop Dam[16] 27 3 Shan State
Nammyao (Lashio) Dam[16] 28 4 Shan State
Chinshwehaw (Extension) Dam[16] 29 .2 Shan State
Kunlon Dam[16] 30 Salween River 0.5 Shan State
Zi Chaung Dam[16] 31 1.26 Sagaing Region
Nam Hkam Hka Dam
(Mogaung)[16]		 32 5 Kachin State (22°17′0″N 97°40′0″E / 22.28333°N 97.66667°E / 22.28333; 97.66667)
Nam Suang Ngaung
(Kyaukme)[16]		 33 4 Shan State
Lahe[16] 34 .05 Sagaing Region
Tui swang
(Tonzang)[16]		 35 .2 Chin State
Che Chaung
(Mindat)[16]		 36 .2
Thapanseik Dam 37 30 2002-6 Sagaing Region
Lawpita Dam Archived 2010-01-19 at the Wayback Machine 39 192 1992 Karenni state
Monechaung[13] 40 75 2004 Magway Region (20°28′43″N 94°15′14″E / 20.4786°N 94.254°E / 20.4786; 94.254)
Shwegyin Dam 41 Shwegyin River 75 2011 Bago Region
Total 40 Hydro plants 3,048.5 MW commission All Myanmar
List of Planned Hydroelectric Dams in Myanmar
Name # Impounds Capacity (MW) Commission Location
Myitsone Dam 1 Irawaddy River 6000 2017 est. 25°41′23″N 97°31′4″E / 25.68972°N 97.51778°E / 25.68972; 97.51778
Chibwe Dam[13] 2 N'Mai River 3400 25°55′46″N 98°8′21″E / 25.92944°N 98.13917°E / 25.92944; 98.13917
Pashe Dam[13] 3 N'Mai River 1600 26°29′0″N 98°18′59″E / 26.48333°N 98.31639°E / 26.48333; 98.31639
Lakin Dam[13] 4 N'Mai River 1400 Lakin26°35′45″N 98°24′22″E / 26.59583°N 98.40611°E / 26.59583; 98.40611
Phizaw Dam[13] 5 N'Mai River 1500
Kaunglanphu Dam[13] 6 N'Mai River 1700
Laiza Dam[13] 7 Mali River 1560 26°32′11″N 97°44′34″E / 26.53639°N 97.74278°E / 26.53639; 97.74278
Chibwe Creek Dam[13] 8 N'Mai River (Chibwe Creek) 99 25°53′40″N 98°8′40″E / 25.89444°N 98.14444°E / 25.89444; 98.14444
Shwe Kyin Dam 10 Shwe Kyin Chaung
(Stream)		 75 17°58′24″N 96°56′15″E / 17.97333°N 96.93750°E / 17.97333; 96.93750
Tarpein I [18]Tarpien I[19] 13 Tarpein River 240
Tarpein II Dam 14 Tarpein River 168
Nam Myaw Dam 16 4
Shweli II Dam 17 Shweli River 460
Shweli III Dam 18 Shweli River 360
Upper Thanlwin-
Kunlong Dams		 19 Salween River 2400 23°31′54″N 98°36′40″E / 23.53167°N 98.61111°E / 23.53167; 98.61111
Mepan (Meipan) Dam 22 1.26
Kunhein (Kunheng) Dam 23 0.15
Kyaing Ton (Kengtung) Dam 24 0.48
TaSang Dam 26 Salween River 7110 20°27′23″N 98°39′0″E / 20.45639°N 98.65000°E / 20.45639; 98.65000
Kengtawng Dam 27 54
Kyaukme Dam 30 4
Watwon Dam 31 0.5
Dattawgyaing Dam 33 36
Kyeeon Kyeewa Dam 39 75
Buywa Dam 40 60
Nancho Dam 41 40
Paung Laung Dam[15] 44 280
Thaukyegat I Dam 45 150 Kayin State
Thaukyegat II Dam 46 120 Kayin State
Kapaung Dam 47 30 Bago Region
Kunchaung Dam 48 60 Bago Region
Yenwe Dam 49 25 Bago Region
Kyauk Naga Dam 51 75
Hatgyi Dam[20] 52 Salween River 1360
Dagwin dam[6][21] 53 Salween River 792
Tamanthi[22][23] 54 Chindwin River 1200
Weigyi[6] 56 Salween River 4540 18°37′47″N 97°21′39″E / 18.62972°N 97.36083°E / 18.62972; 97.36083
Mobye Dam Archived 2010-01-19 at the Wayback Machine 57 Balu Chaung River 168
Datawcha Dam Archived 2010-01-19 at the Wayback Machine 58 Balu Chaung River 28
Tha Htay Chaung[24] 59 111 Thandwe Township
Ann Chaung[24] 60 Ann River 10 Ann Township
Sai Din Dam Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine[24][25] 61 Sai Din Waterfall 76.5 2014 est. Buthidaung
Laymro Dam[24] 62 Laymro River 500
Shwesayay Dam[22] 63 Chindwin River 600
Taninthayi[26] 65 600
Htamanthi[27] 66 1200
Tajan[28] 67
Nam Kok 68 42,100 to 150
Bilin 85 280 Mon State
Phyu 87 65 Bago Region
Bawgata 88 160 Kayin State
Ywathit Dam 89 600 to 4,500 Kayah State

Irrigation only

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List of Hydroelectric Dams in Myanmar
Name # impounds irrigated area Coordinates Pa Del Dam ( ပဒဲေရေလွာင္တမံ) 1 irrigation Aung Lan Township, Magway Division Chaungmagyi Dam 1 3,000 acres (12 km2)
Kataik Dam 2 irrigation
Ngalaik Dam 3 irrigation &
industrial water		 Pyinmana Township
Yezin Dam 4 irrigation 19°51′54″N 96°16′59″E / 19.86500°N 96.28306°E / 19.86500; 96.28306

In addition there were at least 10 major irrigation dams completed during the period between 1962 and 1988.[2]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Mon Youth Progressive Organization. 2007. In the Balance: Salween Dams Threaten Downstream Communities in Burma; Shan Sapawa. 2006. Warning Signs:An Update on Plans to Dam the Salween in Burma's Shan State; Karen Rivers Watch. 2004. Damming at Gunpoint:Burma Atrocities Pave the Way for Salween Dams in Karen State; & Salween Watch, Southeast Asia Rivers Network & Center for Social Development Studies at Chulalongkorn University. 2004. The Salween Under Threat:Damming the Longest Free River in Southeast Asia. All available at [1] 25 '缅甸萨尔温江战略合作框架协议签署 (Salween River Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement Signed).' 金融界, 28 April 2008.[2] 26 '激战瑞丽江——水电十四局瑞丽江电站截流施工纪实 (Shweli River Fierce Battle-Shweli Dam 14th Bureau Damming Construction).' Sinohydro Website, 26 February 2007. [3] For photographs of construction at the Shweli I Dam site see '瑞丽江项目部图库 (Shweli River Project Bureau Photographs).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 29 June 2007.[4] 27 '中国在缅甸投资的首个水电项目成功截流 (China's First Hydropower Investment in Burma Successfully Dammed).' China Electricity Council, 13 December 2006. [5]; For more information regarding the Shweli Cascade see Palaung Youth Network Group. 2007. Under the Boot. Available in English and Chinese at [6] Sinohydro's 14th Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website
  2. ^ '瑞丽江电站胜利实现截流 (Shweli River Hydropower Station Triumphantly Blocks Water).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 11 December 2006. [7] 29 'Myanmar Installs More Transmission Lines for New Power Plant.' Xinhua General News Service, 5 July 2007; 'About Huyong.' Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. Website.[8] [Thanks toCourier Research Associates for providing this link.]; & '缅甸瑞丽江一级电站工程总承建包合同在昆签字 (ContractsSigned in Kunming for Shweli I Dam).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Website, 5 July 2007. 30 For more information, see Kachin Development Network Group. 2007. Damming the Irrawaddy. Available at [9]

References

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  1. ^ a b c CHINA IN BURMA: THE INCREASING INVESTMENT OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN BURMA'S HYDROPOWER, OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS BURMA'S HYDROPOWER, OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS UPDATED: September 2008
  2. ^ a b "Irrigation Works in Myanmar". Irrigation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. 2004. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  3. ^ http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2003/enlm/Aug19_h1.html Archived 2005-01-29 at the Wayback Machine>
  4. ^ a b "Country Profiles -Myanmar". Water Power Magazine. International Water Power and Dam Construction. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
  5. ^ "Myanmar -Future Projects 1. HYDRO". Jakarta: Asean Centre for Energy. 2003-01-14. Archived from the original on 13 May 2004. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d e Akimoto, Yuki (June 2004). "Hydro-powering the Regime". The Irawaddy, Vol. 12, No. 6. Irrawaddy Publishing Group. Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  7. ^ "Country Profiles". Archived from the original on 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
  8. ^ P. Lako; H. Eder; M. de Noord; H. Reisinger (July 2003). Hydropower Development with a Focus on Asia and Western Europe: Overview in the framework of VLEEM 2 (PDF). ECN Policy Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
  9. ^ "Increased attention to Myanmar's energy sector". Investvine.com. 2013-02-20. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  10. ^ "celebration"/ "Black day for Burma's Irrawaddy: junta ministers host Myitsone dam "celebration"". Burma Digest. Dec 22, 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  11. ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Shwezaye, Burma". Fallingrain. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  12. ^ "Myanmar biggest hydropower plant to be put on test run". LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE. Burma Rivers Network. 2009-11-22. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i "ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY OF BURMA/MYANMAR ON-LINE COMPENDIUM" (PDF). BurmaLibrary.org. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
  14. ^ U. Win Kyaw; U. Myint Zaw; Alan Dredge; Paul Fischer; K. Steiger. "Yeywa Hydropower Project, an Overview" (PDF). Vietnam National Commission On Large Dams. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  15. ^ a b "Upper and Lower Paunglaung Dams". burmariversnetwork.org. 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Completed and On-Going Projects". ASEAN Centre for Energy. 2006-05-09. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
  17. ^ Nyauggyat (Kinda) Dam Multipurpose Project ]
  18. ^ Dam
  19. ^ Chinese Dam Incurs KIO Wrath
  20. ^ "News Thailand and Myanmar agree Salween investment". Water Power and Dam Construction. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
  21. ^ "Dagwin Dam, Dam Specifications". LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE. Burma Rivers Network. 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  22. ^ a b "Myanmar, India sign hydro deal Mo". The Myanmar Times. Salween Watch. 2008-11-22. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
  23. ^ "Bhel, NHPC in joint bid to bring Myanmar project back on track". LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE. Burma Rivers Network. 2009-02-13. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
  24. ^ a b c d "Hydro-power projects to produce over 600 MW in Arakan state". Burma News International. 2009-01-14. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
  25. ^ "Sai Din Hydropower Project Resumes". Burma News. Democracy for Burma. 3 April 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
  26. ^ waterpowermagazine.com (October 15, 2008). "Myanmar plans Taninthayi, sees Yeywa two-thirds complete". waterpowermagazine.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  27. ^ waterpowermagazine.com (September 23, 2008). "NHPC signs major hydro MoU with Myanmar". waterpowermagazine.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  28. ^ "China Gezhouba set for Mombela, Tajan and delivers at Busan". waterpowermagazine.com. April 5, 2007. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2010.

External sources

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