Hydropower dams in Myanmar: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m →Others: Clean up spacing around commas and other punctuation fixes, replaced: ; → ; |
|||
| (19 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Moe Bye Dam1.jpg|180px|thumb|Moe Bye Dam in Shan State which is the main source for [[:my:ဘီလူးချောင်း လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားပေးစက်ရုံများ (လောပိတ)|Baluchaung (Lawpita) Hydropower Plants]]]] |
[[File:Moe Bye Dam1.jpg|180px|thumb|Moe Bye Dam in Shan State which is the main source for [[:my:ဘီလူးချောင်း လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားပေးစက်ရုံများ (လောပိတ)|Baluchaung (Lawpita) Hydropower Plants]]]] |
||
There are almost 200 large [[dam]]s in [[Myanmar]].<ref name="CIB">CHINA IN BURMA: THE INCREASING INVESTMENT OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN |
There are almost 200 large [[dam]]s in [[Myanmar]].<ref name="CIB">CHINA IN BURMA: THE INCREASING INVESTMENT OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN BURMA'S HYDROPOWER, OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS [http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/China_in_Burma-ERI.pdf BURMA'S HYDROPOWER], OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS UPDATED: September 2008</ref><ref name="ID"/><ref>http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2003/enlm/Aug19_h1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050129000850/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2003/enlm/Aug19_h1.html |date=2005-01-29 }}></ref> Myanmar (Burma) has a large [[hydroelectric]] power potential of {{convert|39000|MW}}, although the economical exploitable potential is about {{convert|37000|MW}}. Between 1990 and 2002, the country tripled its installed capacity of hydro plants, increasing from {{convert|253|MW}} to {{convert|745|MW}}.<ref name="CP">{{cite web|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487|title=Country Profiles -Myanmar|work=Water Power Magazine|publisher=International Water Power and Dam Construction|access-date=10 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428035011/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487|archive-date=28 April 2011}}</ref> Total installed capacity in 2010 is at least {{convert|2449|MW}} MW, 6% of potential. Several large dams are planned to increase future hydro utilization.<ref name="Asean">{{cite web|url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/future_hydro_projects.htm|title=Myanmar -Future Projects 1. HYDRO|date=2003-01-14|publisher=[[Asean]] Centre for Energy|access-date=23 February 2010|location=Jakarta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040513115604/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/future_hydro_projects.htm|archive-date=13 May 2004}}</ref> |
||
==Background== |
==Background== |
||
Although Myanmar is underdeveloped in terms of its hydro-power potential it is not for lack of effort. |
Although Myanmar is underdeveloped in terms of its hydro-power potential it is not for lack of effort. While chairman of the [[State Peace and Development Council]], Sr-Gen [[Than Shwe]] prioritized the building of dams. A native of the [[Kyaukse]] region through which the [[Zawgyi River]] flows, Shwe was widely rumored to believe himself to be a reincarnation of [[Anawrahta|King Anawrahta]] (r. 1044-1077).<ref name="AKIMOTO"/> During his reign King Anawrahta was a prolific dam- and canal-builder, especially along the Zawgyi river. He viewed his hydro projects as atonement for killing his foster-brother [[Sokkate]].<ref name="AKIMOTO"/> |
||
The total electricity generated by Myanmar in 2002 was {{convert|6614|GWh}}, consisting of oil (612 GWh, 9%); gas (3770 GWh, 57%); and hydro (2232 GWh, 34%).<ref name="CP"/> |
The total electricity generated by Myanmar in 2002 was {{convert|6614|GWh}}, consisting of oil (612 GWh, 9%); gas (3770 GWh, 57%); and hydro (2232 GWh, 34%).<ref name="CP"/> |
||
Myanmar's hydro power development activities and plans include five-year short-term plans and a 30-year strategic plan. This involves generating power for domestic use and exporting to neighboring countries, especially China, Thailand and India. Total planned hydro power development in Myanmar is 14,600 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487 |title=Country Profiles |access-date=2010-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428035011/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487 |archive-date=2011-04-28 |
Myanmar's hydro power development activities and plans include five-year short-term plans and a 30-year strategic plan. This involves generating power for domestic use and exporting to neighboring countries, especially China, Thailand and India. Total planned hydro power development in Myanmar is 14,600 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487 |title=Country Profiles |access-date=2010-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428035011/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036487 |archive-date=2011-04-28 }}</ref> |
||
Though the twelve large planned [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] dams generating more than 1,000 MW gain much media attention, there are at least another twelve in the 100 - 1000 MW range and at least 27 smaller [[microhydro]]projects less than 100 MW. The rest of the dams are generally lower-height irrigation structures. |
Though the twelve large planned [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] dams generating more than 1,000 MW gain much media attention, there are at least another twelve in the 100 - 1000 MW range and at least 27 smaller [[microhydro]]projects less than 100 MW. The rest of the dams are generally lower-height irrigation structures. |
||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |
||
|+Exploitable Hydropower Potential of Burma<ref name="CIB"/> |
|+Exploitable Hydropower Potential of Burma<ref name="CIB"/> |
||
<ref name="Lako"> |
<ref name="Lako">{{cite book |
||
|author=P. Lako |author2=H. Eder |author3=M. de Noord |author4=H. Reisinger |
|||
{{cite book |
|||
|title=Hydropower Development with a Focus on Asia and Western Europe: Overview in the framework of VLEEM 2 |
|||
|authors=P. Lako, ECN H. Eder, Verbundplan M. de Noord, ECN H. Reisinger, Verbundplan |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
|title=HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT WITH A FOCUS ON ASIA AND WESTERN EUROPE |
|||
|date=July 2003 |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
|date=July 2003|series=Overview in the framework of VLEEM 2 |
|||
|access-date=2010-02-23 |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
|archive-date=2016-03-03 |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165656/http://www.vleem.org/PDF/11-2003/annex7.pdf |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[File:MyanmarKachin.png|14px]][[Kachin State]]|| 39|| 2,061 |
|[[File:MyanmarKachin.png|14px]][[Kachin State]]|| 39|| 2,061 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[File:MyanmarKayah.png|14px]][[ |
|[[File:MyanmarKayah.png|14px]][[Karenni State]]|| 7 ||3,909 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[File:MyanmarKayin.png|14px]][[Kayin State]] ||21|| 17,021 |
| [[File:MyanmarKayin.png|14px]][[Kayin State]] ||21|| 17,021 |
||
| Line 52: | Line 55: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
The [[Asian Development Bank]] |
The [[Asian Development Bank]]'s October 2012 assessment of the energy sector in Myanmar reported on the country's abundant hydropower potential, with 92 potential large hydropower projects already identified. |
||
<ref name=burmahp> |
<ref name=burmahp> |
||
{{Cite news |
{{Cite news |
||
| title = Increased attention to |
| title = Increased attention to Myanmar's energy sector |
||
| publisher = Investvine.com |
| publisher = Investvine.com |
||
| date = 2013-02-20 |
| date = 2013-02-20 |
||
| Line 67: | Line 70: | ||
[[image:Salawin river at Mae Sam Laep.jpg|thumb|165px|Salween River downstream of Weigyi Dam site]] |
[[image:Salawin river at Mae Sam Laep.jpg|thumb|165px|Salween River downstream of Weigyi Dam site]] |
||
[[File:Salween watershed.png|thumb|Salween River and watershed]] |
[[File:Salween watershed.png|thumb|Salween River and watershed]] |
||
Seven dams have been proposed for the Salween River. The largest of these hydro power projects is the {{convert|7100|MW}} [[Tasang Dam]] on the [[Salween River]], which is to be integrated into the [[Asian Development Bank]] |
Seven dams have been proposed for the Salween River. The largest of these hydro power projects is the {{convert|7100|MW}} [[Tasang Dam]] on the [[Salween River]], which is to be integrated into the [[Asian Development Bank]]'s [https://web.archive.org/web/20110428042115/http://www.adb.org/documents/tars/reg/39594-reg-tar.pdf Greater Mekong Sub-region Power Grid]. A groundbreaking ceremony for the Tasang Dam was held in March 2007, and China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) started preliminary construction shortly after. China's involvement in the damming of the Salween River is not limited to the Tasang project. |
||
In 2006, the government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Sinohydro for the US$1 billion, 1,200 MW [http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=227:survey-work-pressing-ahead-at-hat-gyi-dam-site&catid=34:news&Itemid=56 Hat Gyi Dam] along the Thai border. In April 2007, Farsighted Group (now known as [[Hanergy]]) and China Gold Water Resources Co. signed MoUs for an additional 2,400 MW hydropower project on the upper Salween, an area which Yunnan Power Grid Co. reportedly surveyed in 2006. |
In 2006, the government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Sinohydro for the US$1 billion, 1,200 MW [http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=227:survey-work-pressing-ahead-at-hat-gyi-dam-site&catid=34:news&Itemid=56 Hat Gyi Dam] along the Thai border. In April 2007, Farsighted Group (now known as [[Hanergy]]) and China Gold Water Resources Co. signed MoUs for an additional 2,400 MW hydropower project on the upper Salween, an area which Yunnan Power Grid Co. reportedly surveyed in 2006. |
||
| Line 73: | Line 76: | ||
In April 2008, Sinohydro, China Southern Power Grid Co., and China [[Three Gorges]] Project Co. signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement for the development of the hydro power potential of the Salween River. Despite China's involvement in these large-scale dams on the Salween, most of the electricity is destined for export to neighboring Thailand. |
In April 2008, Sinohydro, China Southern Power Grid Co., and China [[Three Gorges]] Project Co. signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement for the development of the hydro power potential of the Salween River. Despite China's involvement in these large-scale dams on the Salween, most of the electricity is destined for export to neighboring Thailand. |
||
However, In May 2009, Chinese Premier [[Wen Jiabao]] halted the construction of the [[Liuku dam]] on the Salween River in China's [[Yunnan province]], calling for more thorough [[Environmental impact assessment|impact assessment]]s.<ref name="Black">{{cite news|url=http://burmadigest.info/2009/12/22/black-day-for- |
However, In May 2009, Chinese Premier [[Wen Jiabao]] halted the construction of the [[Liuku dam]] on the Salween River in China's [[Yunnan province]], calling for more thorough [[Environmental impact assessment|impact assessment]]s.<ref name="Black">{{cite news|url=http://burmadigest.info/2009/12/22/black-day-for-burma's-irrawaddy-junta-ministers-host-myitsone-dam-"celebration"/|title=Black day for Burma's Irrawaddy: junta ministers host Myitsone dam "celebration" |date=Dec 22, 2009| work=Burma Digest|access-date=6 February 2010}}</ref> |
||
===Shweli River=== |
===Shweli River=== |
||
The {{convert|1420|MW}} [[Shweli I Dam|Shweli I]], II, III Cascade, in [[Shan State]] near the Chinese border, has also received significant Chinese support. Yunnan Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Co. (YMEC) began work on the Shweli I Hydropower Plant in February 2004 and, following the government's inability to secure funding, joined with Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Development Co. and Yunnan Power Grid Co. to create the Yunnan Joint Power Development Company (YUPD) in August 2006. For more information regarding the Salween River, see {{#tag:ref|Mon Youth Progressive Organization. 2007. In the Balance: Salween Dams Threaten Downstream Communities in Burma; Shan Sapawa. 2006. Warning Signs:An Update on Plans to Dam the Salween in |
The {{convert|1420|MW}} [[Shweli I Dam|Shweli I]], II, III Cascade, in [[Shan State]] near the Chinese border, has also received significant Chinese support. Yunnan Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Co. (YMEC) began work on the Shweli I Hydropower Plant in February 2004 and, following the government's inability to secure funding, joined with Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Development Co. and Yunnan Power Grid Co. to create the Yunnan Joint Power Development Company (YUPD) in August 2006. For more information regarding the Salween River, see {{#tag:ref|Mon Youth Progressive Organization. 2007. In the Balance: Salween Dams Threaten Downstream Communities in Burma; Shan Sapawa. 2006. Warning Signs:An Update on Plans to Dam the Salween in Burma's Shan State; Karen Rivers Watch. 2004. Damming at Gunpoint:Burma Atrocities Pave the Way for Salween Dams in Karen State; & Salween Watch, Southeast Asia Rivers Network & Center for Social Development Studies at Chulalongkorn University. 2004. The Salween Under Threat:Damming the Longest Free River in Southeast Asia. All available at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/publications.html] 25 '缅甸萨尔温江战略合作框架协议签署 (Salween River Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement Signed).' 金融界, 28 April 2008.[http://info.jrj.com.cn/news/2008-04-28/000003585891.html] 26 '激战瑞丽江——水电十四局瑞丽江电站截流施工纪实 (Shweli River Fierce Battle-Shweli Dam 14th Bureau Damming Construction).' Sinohydro Website, 26 February 2007. [http://www.sinohydro.com/portlet?pm_pl_id=7&pm_pp_id=13&COLUMNID=111111&ARTICLEID=11724607890001] For photographs of construction at the Shweli I Dam site see '瑞丽江项目部图库 (Shweli River Project Bureau Photographs).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 29 June 2007.[http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=61&id=394] 27 '中国在缅甸投资的首个水电项目成功截流 (China's First Hydropower Investment in Burma Successfully Dammed).' China Electricity Council, 13 December 2006. [http://www.cec.org.cn/news/showc.asp?id=92488]; For more information regarding the Shweli Cascade see Palaung Youth Network Group. 2007. Under the Boot. Available in English and Chinese at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/brn.html] Sinohydro's 14th Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website |group="A"}}. |
||
A few months later, YUPD assumed an 80% share in the project after creating the Shweli River I Power Station Co. together with Myanmar, turned the Shweli I dam into a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project, and increased the installed capacity from 400 to 600 MW. At least two Sinohydro subsidiaries have provided construction services for the project, and Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. and Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. have signed US$ multimillion contracts for electricity transmission cables and towers. The Shweli I Hydropower Plant is slated for completion by June 2009, and was half complete as of May 2007. |
A few months later, YUPD assumed an 80% share in the project after creating the Shweli River I Power Station Co. together with Myanmar, turned the Shweli I dam into a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project, and increased the installed capacity from 400 to 600 MW. At least two Sinohydro subsidiaries have provided construction services for the project, and Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. and Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. have signed US$ multimillion contracts for electricity transmission cables and towers. The Shweli I Hydropower Plant is slated for completion by June 2009, and was half complete as of May 2007. |
||
===N'Mai, |
===N'Mai, N'Mai, Mali and Irrawaddy Rivers=== |
||
In [[Kachin State]], several Chinese MNCs are involved in the construction of seven large dams along the [[N'Mai River| |
In [[Kachin State]], several Chinese MNCs are involved in the construction of seven large dams along the [[N'Mai River|N'Mai Hka]], [[Mali Hka]], and [[Irrawaddy River]], with a combined installed capacity of {{convert|13360|MW}} In 2007, China Power Investment Co. signed agreements with Burmese authorities to finance all seven dams, as well as with China Southern Power Grid Co. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161229144728/http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/about.htm Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co.] (YMEC) signed an MoU with Myanmar's Ministry of Electric Power in 2006 to develop the hydropower potential of the N'Mai Hka. However, details of this arrangement remain unclear. Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design & Research has also completed a feasibility study at the confluence of the N'Mai Hka and Mali Hka. |
||
===Others=== |
===Others=== |
||
| Line 90: | Line 93: | ||
China CAMC Engineering Co. has been involved in the surveying and implementation of hydropower projects in the region. The 790 MW [[Yeywa Dam]] in Mandalay Region, which began construction in 2006, is also being financed and constructed by several Chinese MNCs, including China Gezhouba Group Co., Sinohydro, China International Trust and Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co., ChinaNational Electric Equipment Co., China National Heavy Machinery Co., and Hunan Savoo Oversea Water and Electric Engineering Co. Additional financial backing for the project is being provided by the China EXIM Bank. |
China CAMC Engineering Co. has been involved in the surveying and implementation of hydropower projects in the region. The 790 MW [[Yeywa Dam]] in Mandalay Region, which began construction in 2006, is also being financed and constructed by several Chinese MNCs, including China Gezhouba Group Co., Sinohydro, China International Trust and Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co., ChinaNational Electric Equipment Co., China National Heavy Machinery Co., and Hunan Savoo Oversea Water and Electric Engineering Co. Additional financial backing for the project is being provided by the China EXIM Bank. |
||
In addition to the Yeywa, Shweli and Hat Gyi projects, Sinohydro China's largest dam company and its subsidiaries have been involved in the [https://archive. |
In addition to the Yeywa, Shweli and Hat Gyi projects, Sinohydro China's largest dam company and its subsidiaries have been involved in the [https://archive.today/20070822213342/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2004/Oct04/enlm/Oct05_rg3.html Kun Creek-2], [[Kyauk-aik|Kyauk]], [[Monechaung]], [http://www.maplandia.com/burma/shan/hsipaw/nam-hkam/ Nam Hkam Hka], [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lower-and-upper-paunglaung.html Paunglaung (upper & lower)], [[Tarpein]] I, [[Thapanseik I, II, III]], and [[Zawgyi River|Zawgyi]] I Dams. As with the Yeywa project, both CITIC and China EXIM Bank provided investment and financial backing for the Thapanseik Dam. |
||
The Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) has been one of the most active Chinese companies in Myanmar's hydropower sector. Since the 1990s, YMEC has been involved in more than 25 projects of varying size, including the |
The Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) has been one of the most active Chinese companies in Myanmar's hydropower sector. Since the 1990s, YMEC has been involved in more than 25 projects of varying size, including the Ching Hkran, [[Chinshwehaw]], [[Dattawgyaing]], [[Hopin]], [[Kunhein]], [[Kunlon]], [[Kyaing Ton]], [[Kyaukme Dam|Kyaukme]], [[Laiva]], [[Mepan]], [[Nam Hkam Hka]], [[Nam Myaw]], [[Nam Wop]], [[Nancho]], Paunglaung, Upper Paunglaung, Shweli I, II, III Cascade, [[Watwon]], Zaungtu, Zawgyi I and II, [[Zichaung]], and N'Mai Hka River hydropower projects, as well as the Rangoon Dagon Substation. The extent of YMEC involvement in these projects, several of which are completed, is unclear, but appears to involve construction and some financing.{{#tag:ref|'瑞丽江电站胜利实现截流 (Shweli River Hydropower Station Triumphantly Blocks Water).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 11 December 2006. [http://www.fcbdl.com/bencandy.php?fid=3&id=26] 29 'Myanmar Installs More Transmission Lines for New Power Plant.' Xinhua General News Service, 5 July 2007; 'About Huyong.' Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. Website.[http://www.hydl-cn.com/en/aboutus.htm] [Thanks toCourier Research Associates for providing this link.]; & '缅甸瑞丽江一级电站工程总承建包合同在昆签字 (ContractsSigned in Kunming for Shweli I Dam).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Website, 5 July 2007. 30 For more information, see Kachin Development Network Group. 2007. Damming the Irrawaddy. Available at [http://www.salweenwatch.org/brn.html]|group="A"}} |
||
==Lists of dams== |
==Lists of dams== |
||
| Line 106: | Line 109: | ||
|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network |
|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network |
||
|access-date=10 February 2010}} |
|access-date=10 February 2010}} |
||
</ref> || 1 || [[Shweli River]] ||600 ||2008-12 ||Shan State, near Man Tat village<br>([[Palaung people|Palaung]]){{coord|23|39|11|N|97|28|52|E}}<ref name="electrical">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs2/myanmar-elec.pdf|title=ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY OF BURMA/MYANMAR ON-LINE COMPENDIUM |publisher=BurmaLibrary.org|access-date=16 February 2010}}</ref> |
</ref> || 1 || [[Shweli River]] ||600 ||2008-12 ||Shan State, near Man Tat village<br />([[Palaung people|Palaung]]){{coord|23|39|11|N|97|28|52|E}}<ref name="electrical">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs2/myanmar-elec.pdf|title=ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY OF BURMA/MYANMAR ON-LINE COMPENDIUM |publisher=BurmaLibrary.org|access-date=16 February 2010}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/NLM1997-06-01-text.pdf Zawgyi I Dam] || 2 ||[[Zawgyi River]] ||18 || 1997-5-31 ||[[Shan State]], [[Lawksawk Township|Yaksauk Township]] {{coord|21.5646|N|96.8735|E|dim:5000_region:MM|display=inline}} |
|[http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/NLM1997-06-01-text.pdf Zawgyi I Dam] || 2 ||[[Zawgyi River]] ||18 || 1997-5-31 ||[[Shan State]], [[Lawksawk Township|Yaksauk Township]] {{coord|21.5646|N|96.8735|E|dim:5000_region:MM|display=inline}} |
||
| Line 112: | Line 115: | ||
| Zawgyi II Dam || 3 ||[[Zawgyi River]] ||12 || 1998-11 || [[Shan State]] |
| Zawgyi II Dam || 3 ||[[Zawgyi River]] ||12 || 1998-11 || [[Shan State]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Yeywa Dam]]<ref name="YHP">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/burmese/images/stories/documents/yeywaoverview.pdf|title=Yeywa Hydropower Project, an Overview| |
| [[Yeywa Dam]]<ref name="YHP">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/burmese/images/stories/documents/yeywaoverview.pdf|title=Yeywa Hydropower Project, an Overview|author=U. Win Kyaw |author2=U. Myint Zaw |author3=Alan Dredge |author4=Paul Fischer |author5=K. Steiger |publisher=Vietnam National Commission On Large Dams |access-date=9 February 2010}}</ref> ||4 ||[[Myitnge River]] ||790||2010 ||{{coord|21|41|20|N|96|25|17|E}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/tarpeindapein.html Dapein I] || 5 || [[Dapein River]] ||168 ||2005 || |
|[http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/tarpeindapein.html Dapein I] || 5 || [[Dapein River]] ||168 ||2005 || |
||
| Line 124: | Line 127: | ||
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070707035024/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Article/Article2001/Oct/oct14.html Zaungtu Dam] || 9 ||Bago River ||20 ||2000-3 ||[[Bago Region]] |
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070707035024/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Article/Article2001/Oct/oct14.html Zaungtu Dam] || 9 ||Bago River ||20 ||2000-3 ||[[Bago Region]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[http:// |
|[http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2002/5/0510.html II] || 10 || ||48 ||1960, 1992-8 || [[Karenni State]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20110428042122/http://www.adb.org/Documents/PCRs/MYA/36112-MYA-PCR.pdf Sedawgyi] ||11 ||[[Chaungmagyi River]]|| 25 ||1989-6 || Mandalay Region, [[Mogok]] |
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20110428042122/http://www.adb.org/Documents/PCRs/MYA/36112-MYA-PCR.pdf Sedawgyi] ||11 ||[[Chaungmagyi River]]|| 25 ||1989-6 || Mandalay Region, [[Mogok]] |
||
| Line 136: | Line 139: | ||
|Hopin Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 15|| || 1.26 ||yes || |
|Hopin Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 15|| || 1.26 ||yes || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Kunhing]]<ref name="ASEAN"/>||16 || || .15 || yes || Shan State<br>{{coord|21|18|0|N|98|26|0|E}} |
|[[Kunhing]]<ref name="ASEAN"/>||16 || || .15 || yes || Shan State<br />{{coord|21|18|0|N|98|26|0|E}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Namlat (Kyaington)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||17 || ||.48 ||yes || Shan State |
|Namlat (Kyaington)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||17 || ||.48 ||yes || Shan State |
||
| Line 142: | Line 145: | ||
| Chinshwehaw Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 18 ||||0.1 || yes || Shan State |
| Chinshwehaw Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 18 ||||0.1 || yes || Shan State |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [ |
| [https://www.angelfire.com/rock3/shanyouth/body/status-of-salween-dam-plans.html Kinda Dam]<ref name="ASEAN"/><ref> |
||
[http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2002/pdf/069_full.pdf Nyauggyat (Kinda) Dam Multipurpose Project ] |
[http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2002/pdf/069_full.pdf Nyauggyat (Kinda) Dam Multipurpose Project ] |
||
]</ref>|| 19 ||Panlaung river|| 56 || 1985 ||Mandalay Reg.. [[Thazi Township]] |
]</ref>|| 19 ||Panlaung river|| 56 || 1985 ||Mandalay Reg.. [[Thazi Township]] |
||
| Line 154: | Line 157: | ||
|Maing Lar<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 23 || ||.06 || ||Shan State |
|Maing Lar<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 23 || ||.06 || ||Shan State |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Baluchaung I <ref name="ASEAN">{{cite web|url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm |title=Completed and On-Going Projects |date=2006-05-09 |publisher=ASEAN Centre for Energy |access-date=13 February 2010 |
|Baluchaung I <ref name="ASEAN">{{cite web|url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm |title=Completed and On-Going Projects |date=2006-05-09 |publisher=ASEAN Centre for Energy |access-date=13 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114804/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/myanmar/completes_on_going_projects.htm |archive-date=December 4, 2008 }}</ref>||24 || ||28 || || [[Karenni State]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Ching Hkran Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 25 || ||2.52 || || Kachin State |
| Ching Hkran Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 25 || ||2.52 || || Kachin State |
||
| Line 170: | Line 173: | ||
| Zi Chaung Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 31 || ||1.26 || || [[Sagaing Region]] |
| Zi Chaung Dam<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 31 || ||1.26 || || [[Sagaing Region]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nam Hkam Hka Dam]] <br>(Mogaung)<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 32 || || 5 || ||Kachin State ({{coord|22|17|0|N|97|40|0|E}}) |
| [[Nam Hkam Hka Dam]] <br />(Mogaung)<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 32 || || 5 || ||Kachin State ({{coord|22|17|0|N|97|40|0|E}}) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Nam Suang Ngaung <br>(Kyaukme)<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 33 || ||4 || ||Shan State |
| Nam Suang Ngaung <br />(Kyaukme)<ref name="ASEAN"/>|| 33 || ||4 || ||Shan State |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Lahe<ref name="ASEAN"/>||34 || || .05 || || Sagaing Region |
| Lahe<ref name="ASEAN"/>||34 || || .05 || || Sagaing Region |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Tui swang <br>(Tonzang)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||35 || ||.2 || || [[Chin State]] |
| Tui swang <br />(Tonzang)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||35 || ||.2 || || [[Chin State]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Che Chaung<br>(Mindat)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||36 || ||.2 || || |
| Che Chaung<br />(Mindat)<ref name="ASEAN"/>||36 || ||.2 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Thapanseik Dam ||37 || ||30|| 2002-6 || [[Sagaing Region]] |
| Thapanseik Dam ||37 || ||30|| 2002-6 || [[Sagaing Region]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Lawpita Dam] || 39 || || 192 || 1992 || |
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Lawpita Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119003720/http://burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html |date=2010-01-19 }} || 39 || || 192 || 1992 || Karenni state |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Monechaung<ref name="electrical"/>||40 || || 75|| 2004 |||[[Magway Region]] ({{coord|20.4786|N|94.254|E}}) |
| Monechaung<ref name="electrical"/>||40 || || 75|| 2004 |||[[Magway Region]] ({{coord|20.4786|N|94.254|E}}) |
||
| Line 195: | Line 198: | ||
! Name !! # !! Impounds !! Capacity ([[Megawatt|MW]]) !! Commission !! Location |
! Name !! # !! Impounds !! Capacity ([[Megawatt|MW]]) !! Commission !! Location |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Myitsone Dam]]|| 1 ||[[Irawaddy River]] || |
| [[Myitsone Dam]]|| 1 ||[[Irawaddy River]] || 6000 ||2017 est.||{{coord|25|41|23|N|97|31|4|E}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Chibwe Dam<ref name="electrical"/>|| 2|| [[N'Mai River]] || |
| Chibwe Dam<ref name="electrical"/>|| 2|| [[N'Mai River]] || 3400 || ||{{coord|25|55|46|N|98|8|21|E}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Pashe Dam<ref name="electrical"/>|| 3|| N'Mai River || 1600 || || {{coord|26|29|0|N|98|18|59|E}} |
| Pashe Dam<ref name="electrical"/>|| 3|| N'Mai River || 1600 || || {{coord|26|29|0|N|98|18|59|E}} |
||
| Line 211: | Line 214: | ||
| [[Chibwe Creek Dam]]<ref name="electrical"/>|| 8 ||N'Mai River (Chibwe Creek) || 99 || ||{{coord|25|53|40|N|98|8|40|E}} |
| [[Chibwe Creek Dam]]<ref name="electrical"/>|| 8 ||N'Mai River (Chibwe Creek) || 99 || ||{{coord|25|53|40|N|98|8|40|E}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034847/http://www.ssig.kpkk.gov.my/ssig/news/fullnews.php?news_id=86631&news_cat=fp Shwe Kyin Dam]|| 10 || Shwe Kyin Chaung<br>(Stream) || 75|| ||{{coord|17|58|24|N|96|56|15|E}} |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034847/http://www.ssig.kpkk.gov.my/ssig/news/fullnews.php?news_id=86631&news_cat=fp Shwe Kyin Dam]|| 10 || Shwe Kyin Chaung<br />(Stream) || 75|| ||{{coord|17|58|24|N|96|56|15|E}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Tarpein I <ref>Dam</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045953/http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/business/560/biz56003.html Tarpien I] |
| Tarpein I <ref>Dam</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045953/http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/business/560/biz56003.html Tarpien I]<ref>[http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=14360 Chinese Dam Incurs KIO Wrath]</ref>|| 13 || [[Tarpein River]] ||240 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Tarpein II Dam || 14 || Tarpein River||168 || || |
| Tarpein II Dam || 14 || Tarpein River||168 || || |
||
| Line 223: | Line 226: | ||
| Shweli III Dam || 18 || Shweli River ||360 || || |
| Shweli III Dam || 18 || Shweli River ||360 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kunlong Dam|Upper Thanlwin-<br>Kunlong Dams]] || 19 || Salween River ||2400 || ||{{coord|23|31|54|N|98|36|40|E}} |
| [[Kunlong Dam|Upper Thanlwin-<br />Kunlong Dams]] || 19 || Salween River ||2400 || ||{{coord|23|31|54|N|98|36|40|E}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Mepan (Meipan) Dam || 22 || ||1.26 || || |
| Mepan (Meipan) Dam || 22 || ||1.26 || || |
||
| Line 261: | Line 264: | ||
| Kyauk Naga Dam || 51 || ||75 || || |
| Kyauk Naga Dam || 51 || ||75 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Hatgyi Dam]]<ref name="agree">{{cite web|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2033031 |title=News Thailand and Myanmar agree Salween investment |publisher=Water Power and Dam Construction |access-date=10 February 2010 |
| [[Hatgyi Dam]]<ref name="agree">{{cite web|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2033031 |title=News Thailand and Myanmar agree Salween investment |publisher=Water Power and Dam Construction |access-date=10 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034920/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2033031 |archive-date=28 April 2011 }}</ref> || 52 ||Salween River ||1360 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Dagwin dam<ref name="AKIMOTO"/><ref name="Dagwin">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/salween-dams/dagwin.html|title=Dagwin Dam, Dam Specifications |year=2010|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network|access-date=7 February 2010}}</ref> |
| Dagwin dam<ref name="AKIMOTO"/><ref name="Dagwin">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/salween-dams/dagwin.html|title=Dagwin Dam, Dam Specifications |year=2010|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network|access-date=7 February 2010}}</ref> |
||
|| 53|| Salween River || 792 || || |
|| 53|| Salween River || 792 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [https://archive. |
| [https://archive.today/20130414094823/http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/tamanthi.html Tamanthi]<ref name="MT"/><ref name="BHEL"> |
||
{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/news/news-archives/162-bhel-nhpc-in-joint-bid-to-bring-myanmar-project-back-on-track.html|title= Bhel, NHPC in joint bid to bring Myanmar project back on track|date=2009-02-13|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network|access-date=8 February 2010}}</ref> || 54 || [[Chindwin River]] ||1200|| || |
{{cite web|url=http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/news/news-archives/162-bhel-nhpc-in-joint-bid-to-bring-myanmar-project-back-on-track.html|title= Bhel, NHPC in joint bid to bring Myanmar project back on track|date=2009-02-13|work=LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE|publisher=Burma Rivers Network|access-date=8 February 2010}}</ref> || 54 || [[Chindwin River]] ||1200|| || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/salween-dams/weigyi.html Weigyi]<ref name="AKIMOTO">{{cite news|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3757 |title=Hydro-powering the Regime |last=Akimoto |first=Yuki |date=June 2004 |work=The Irawaddy, Vol. 12, No. 6 |publisher=Irrawaddy Publishing Group |access-date=6 February 2010 |
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/salween-dams/weigyi.html Weigyi]<ref name="AKIMOTO">{{cite news|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3757 |title=Hydro-powering the Regime |last=Akimoto |first=Yuki |date=June 2004 |work=The Irawaddy, Vol. 12, No. 6 |publisher=Irrawaddy Publishing Group |access-date=6 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920063727/http://irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3757 |archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref> || 56 ||Salween River||4540 || ||{{coord|18|37|47|N|97|21|39|E}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Mobye Dam] || 57 || [[Balu Chaung River]] || 168 || || |
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Mobye Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119003720/http://burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html |date=2010-01-19 }} || 57 || [[Balu Chaung River]] || 168 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Datawcha Dam] || 58 || Balu Chaung River|| 28 || || |
| [http://www.burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html Datawcha Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119003720/http://burmariversnetwork.org/dam-projects/lawpita-hydropower.html |date=2010-01-19 }} || 58 || Balu Chaung River|| 28 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Tha Htay Chaung<ref name="BNI">{{cite web|url=http://www.bnionline.net/news/narinjara/5684-hydro-power-projects-to-produce-over-600-mw-in-arakan-state.html |title=Hydro-power projects to produce over 600 MW in Arakan state |date=2009-01-14 |work=Burma News International |access-date=8 February 2010 |
|Tha Htay Chaung<ref name="BNI">{{cite web|url=http://www.bnionline.net/news/narinjara/5684-hydro-power-projects-to-produce-over-600-mw-in-arakan-state.html |title=Hydro-power projects to produce over 600 MW in Arakan state |date=2009-01-14 |work=Burma News International |access-date=8 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612200338/http://bnionline.net/news/narinjara/5684-hydro-power-projects-to-produce-over-600-mw-in-arakan-state.html |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> || 59 || ||111 || || [[Thandwe Township]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Ann Chaung<ref name="BNI"/> || 60 ||Ann River ||10 || ||[[Ann Township]] |
|Ann Chaung<ref name="BNI"/> || 60 ||Ann River ||10 || ||[[Ann Township]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [http://www.arakanrivers.net/?page_id=184 Sai Din Dam]<ref name="BNI"/><ref name="SDH">{{cite web|url=http://democracyforburma.wordpress.com/2009/04/03/sai-din-hydropower-project-resumes-the-project-has-already-started-with-the-help-of-the-chinese-government-and-it-is-a-five-year-project-set-to-complete-in-2014/|title=Sai Din Hydropower Project Resumes|work=Burma News|publisher=Democracy for Burma|access-date=8 February 2010}}</ref> ||61 || [[Sai Din]] Waterfall ||76.5||2014 est. ||[[Buthidaung]] |
| [http://www.arakanrivers.net/?page_id=184 Sai Din Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430064626/http://www.arakanrivers.net/?page_id=184 |date=2011-04-30 }}<ref name="BNI"/><ref name="SDH">{{cite web|url=http://democracyforburma.wordpress.com/2009/04/03/sai-din-hydropower-project-resumes-the-project-has-already-started-with-the-help-of-the-chinese-government-and-it-is-a-five-year-project-set-to-complete-in-2014/|title=Sai Din Hydropower Project Resumes|work=Burma News|date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Democracy for Burma|access-date=8 February 2010}}</ref> ||61 || [[Sai Din]] Waterfall ||76.5||2014 est. ||[[Buthidaung]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Laymro Dam<ref name="BNI"/>||62 || [[Laymro River]] || 500 || || |
| Laymro Dam<ref name="BNI"/>||62 || [[Laymro River]] || 500 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Shwesayay Dam<ref name="MT">{{cite news |url=http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180:myanmar-india-sign-hydro-deal&catid=34:news&Itemid=56 |title=Myanmar, India sign hydro deal Mo |date=2008-11-22 |work=The Myanmar Times |publisher=Salween Watch |access-date=8 February 2010 |
|Shwesayay Dam<ref name="MT">{{cite news |url=http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180:myanmar-india-sign-hydro-deal&catid=34:news&Itemid=56 |title=Myanmar, India sign hydro deal Mo |date=2008-11-22 |work=The Myanmar Times |publisher=Salween Watch |access-date=8 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727233353/http://www.salweenwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180%3Amyanmar-india-sign-hydro-deal&catid=34%3Anews&Itemid=56 |archive-date=27 July 2011 }}</ref> ||63 || Chindwin River ||600 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Taninthayi<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Taninthayi">{{cite web|title=Myanmar plans Taninthayi, sees Yeywa two-thirds complete|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051219|last=waterpowermagazine.com|date=October 15, 2008|website=waterpowermagazine.com |
|Taninthayi<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Taninthayi">{{cite web|title=Myanmar plans Taninthayi, sees Yeywa two-thirds complete|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051219|last=waterpowermagazine.com|date=October 15, 2008|website=waterpowermagazine.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034941/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051219|archive-date=April 28, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2010}}</ref> |
||
|| 65 || || 600|| || |
|| 65 || || 600|| || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Htamanthi<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Htamanthi">{{cite web|title=NHPC signs major hydro MoU with Myanmar|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051004|last=waterpowermagazine.com|date=September 23, 2008|website=waterpowermagazine.com |
|Htamanthi<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Htamanthi">{{cite web|title=NHPC signs major hydro MoU with Myanmar|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051004|last=waterpowermagazine.com|date=September 23, 2008|website=waterpowermagazine.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034958/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2051004|archive-date=April 28, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2010}}</ref> |
||
|| 66 || ||1200 || || |
|| 66 || ||1200 || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Tajan<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Tajan">{{cite web|title=China Gezhouba set for Mombela, Tajan and delivers at Busan|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2043491|date=April 5, 2007|website=waterpowermagazine.com |
|Tajan<ref name="waterpowermagazine.com.Tajan">{{cite web|title=China Gezhouba set for Mombela, Tajan and delivers at Busan|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2043491|date=April 5, 2007|website=waterpowermagazine.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428034901/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2043491|archive-date=April 28, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2010}}</ref>||67 || || || || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Nam Kok ||68 || ||42,100 to 150|| || |
| Nam Kok ||68 || ||42,100 to 150|| || |
||
| Line 313: | Line 316: | ||
| [[Kataik Dam]]|| 2 || || irrigation || |
| [[Kataik Dam]]|| 2 || || irrigation || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Ngalaik Dam]] || 3 || ||irrigation &<br> industrial water || [[Pyinmana Township]] |
| [[Ngalaik Dam]] || 3 || ||irrigation &<br /> industrial water || [[Pyinmana Township]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| Yezin Dam || 4 || || irrigation ||{{coord|19|51|54|N|96|16|59|E}} |
| Yezin Dam || 4 || || irrigation ||{{coord|19|51|54|N|96|16|59|E}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
In addition there were at least 10 major irrigation dams completed during the period between 1962 and 1988.<ref name="ID">{{cite web|url=http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/between1962and1988.html|title=Irrigation Works in Myanmar|year=2004|publisher=Irrigation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation|access-date=6 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709164126/http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/between1962and1988.html|archive-date=9 July 2009 |
In addition there were at least 10 major irrigation dams completed during the period between 1962 and 1988.<ref name="ID">{{cite web|url=http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/between1962and1988.html|title=Irrigation Works in Myanmar|year=2004|publisher=Irrigation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation|access-date=6 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709164126/http://www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/between1962and1988.html|archive-date=9 July 2009}}</ref> |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Latest revision as of 02:04, 22 November 2024
There are almost 200 large dams in Myanmar.[1][2][3] Myanmar (Burma) has a large hydroelectric power potential of 39,000 megawatts (52,000,000 hp), although the economical exploitable potential is about 37,000 megawatts (50,000,000 hp). Between 1990 and 2002, the country tripled its installed capacity of hydro plants, increasing from 253 megawatts (339,000 hp) to 745 megawatts (999,000 hp).[4] Total installed capacity in 2010 is at least 2,449 megawatts (3,284,000 hp) MW, 6% of potential. Several large dams are planned to increase future hydro utilization.[5]
Background
[edit]Although Myanmar is underdeveloped in terms of its hydro-power potential it is not for lack of effort. While chairman of the State Peace and Development Council, Sr-Gen Than Shwe prioritized the building of dams. A native of the Kyaukse region through which the Zawgyi River flows, Shwe was widely rumored to believe himself to be a reincarnation of King Anawrahta (r. 1044-1077).[6] During his reign King Anawrahta was a prolific dam- and canal-builder, especially along the Zawgyi river. He viewed his hydro projects as atonement for killing his foster-brother Sokkate.[6]
The total electricity generated by Myanmar in 2002 was 6,614 gigawatt-hours (23,810 TJ), consisting of oil (612 GWh, 9%); gas (3770 GWh, 57%); and hydro (2232 GWh, 34%).[4]
Myanmar's hydro power development activities and plans include five-year short-term plans and a 30-year strategic plan. This involves generating power for domestic use and exporting to neighboring countries, especially China, Thailand and India. Total planned hydro power development in Myanmar is 14,600 MW.[7]
Though the twelve large planned hydroelectric dams generating more than 1,000 MW gain much media attention, there are at least another twelve in the 100 - 1000 MW range and at least 27 smaller microhydroprojects less than 100 MW. The rest of the dams are generally lower-height irrigation structures.
At least 45 Chinese multinational corporations have been involved in approximately 63 hydropower projects in Myanmar, including several related substation and transmission line projects. The country's State Peace and Development Council Chairman Than Shwe met with Chinese representatives at the Shweli I Dam.[1]
| State/Region | Number of Sites | MW |
|---|---|---|
 Kachin State |
39 | 2,061 |
 Karenni State |
7 | 3,909 |
 Kayin State |
21 | 17,021 |
| Chin State | 22 | 1,312 |
 Sagaing Region |
21 | 2,399 |
 Tanintharyi Region |
14 | 692 |
 Bago Region |
11 | 387 |
 Magwe Region |
8 | 123 |
 Mandalay Region |
17 | 3,482 |
 Mon State |
10 | 292 |
 Rakhine State |
14 | 247 |
 Shan State |
83 | 7,699 |
| Total: 12 | 267 | 39,624 |
The Asian Development Bank's October 2012 assessment of the energy sector in Myanmar reported on the country's abundant hydropower potential, with 92 potential large hydropower projects already identified. [9]
Major dams
[edit]Salween river
[edit]
Seven dams have been proposed for the Salween River. The largest of these hydro power projects is the 7,100 megawatts (9,500,000 hp) Tasang Dam on the Salween River, which is to be integrated into the Asian Development Bank's Greater Mekong Sub-region Power Grid. A groundbreaking ceremony for the Tasang Dam was held in March 2007, and China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC) started preliminary construction shortly after. China's involvement in the damming of the Salween River is not limited to the Tasang project.
In 2006, the government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Sinohydro for the US$1 billion, 1,200 MW Hat Gyi Dam along the Thai border. In April 2007, Farsighted Group (now known as Hanergy) and China Gold Water Resources Co. signed MoUs for an additional 2,400 MW hydropower project on the upper Salween, an area which Yunnan Power Grid Co. reportedly surveyed in 2006.
In April 2008, Sinohydro, China Southern Power Grid Co., and China Three Gorges Project Co. signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement for the development of the hydro power potential of the Salween River. Despite China's involvement in these large-scale dams on the Salween, most of the electricity is destined for export to neighboring Thailand.
However, In May 2009, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao halted the construction of the Liuku dam on the Salween River in China's Yunnan province, calling for more thorough impact assessments.[10]
Shweli River
[edit]The 1,420 megawatts (1,900,000 hp) Shweli I, II, III Cascade, in Shan State near the Chinese border, has also received significant Chinese support. Yunnan Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Co. (YMEC) began work on the Shweli I Hydropower Plant in February 2004 and, following the government's inability to secure funding, joined with Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Development Co. and Yunnan Power Grid Co. to create the Yunnan Joint Power Development Company (YUPD) in August 2006. For more information regarding the Salween River, see [A 1].
A few months later, YUPD assumed an 80% share in the project after creating the Shweli River I Power Station Co. together with Myanmar, turned the Shweli I dam into a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project, and increased the installed capacity from 400 to 600 MW. At least two Sinohydro subsidiaries have provided construction services for the project, and Sichuan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. and Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. have signed US$ multimillion contracts for electricity transmission cables and towers. The Shweli I Hydropower Plant is slated for completion by June 2009, and was half complete as of May 2007.
N'Mai, N'Mai, Mali and Irrawaddy Rivers
[edit]In Kachin State, several Chinese MNCs are involved in the construction of seven large dams along the N'Mai Hka, Mali Hka, and Irrawaddy River, with a combined installed capacity of 13,360 megawatts (17,920,000 hp) In 2007, China Power Investment Co. signed agreements with Burmese authorities to finance all seven dams, as well as with China Southern Power Grid Co. Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) signed an MoU with Myanmar's Ministry of Electric Power in 2006 to develop the hydropower potential of the N'Mai Hka. However, details of this arrangement remain unclear. Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design & Research has also completed a feasibility study at the confluence of the N'Mai Hka and Mali Hka.
Others
[edit]In western Myanmar, just inside the Indian border, runs the Chindwin River, where several potential dam sites have been identified that are likely to service export-oriented hydro-power plants. The sites include Thamanthi, Mawlaik, Homalin, and Shwezaye.[11]
In August 2001, the Kansai Electric Power Company, or KEPCO, contracted with Myanmar to provide technical assistance for developing 12 hydro-power plants, including at least five sites on the Sittang River Yenwe, Khabaung, Pyu, Bogata and Shwe Gin.[6]
China CAMC Engineering Co. has been involved in the surveying and implementation of hydropower projects in the region. The 790 MW Yeywa Dam in Mandalay Region, which began construction in 2006, is also being financed and constructed by several Chinese MNCs, including China Gezhouba Group Co., Sinohydro, China International Trust and Investment Co. (CITIC) Technology Co., ChinaNational Electric Equipment Co., China National Heavy Machinery Co., and Hunan Savoo Oversea Water and Electric Engineering Co. Additional financial backing for the project is being provided by the China EXIM Bank.
In addition to the Yeywa, Shweli and Hat Gyi projects, Sinohydro China's largest dam company and its subsidiaries have been involved in the Kun Creek-2, Kyauk, Monechaung, Nam Hkam Hka, Paunglaung (upper & lower), Tarpein I, Thapanseik I, II, III, and Zawgyi I Dams. As with the Yeywa project, both CITIC and China EXIM Bank provided investment and financial backing for the Thapanseik Dam.
The Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC) has been one of the most active Chinese companies in Myanmar's hydropower sector. Since the 1990s, YMEC has been involved in more than 25 projects of varying size, including the Ching Hkran, Chinshwehaw, Dattawgyaing, Hopin, Kunhein, Kunlon, Kyaing Ton, Kyaukme, Laiva, Mepan, Nam Hkam Hka, Nam Myaw, Nam Wop, Nancho, Paunglaung, Upper Paunglaung, Shweli I, II, III Cascade, Watwon, Zaungtu, Zawgyi I and II, Zichaung, and N'Mai Hka River hydropower projects, as well as the Rangoon Dagon Substation. The extent of YMEC involvement in these projects, several of which are completed, is unclear, but appears to involve construction and some financing.[A 2]
Lists of dams
[edit]Hydroelectric
[edit]| Name | # | Impounds | MW rating | Commission | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shweli I Dam[12] | 1 | Shweli River | 600 | 2008-12 | Shan State, near Man Tat village (Palaung)23°39′11″N 97°28′52″E / 23.65306°N 97.48111°E[13] |
| Zawgyi I Dam | 2 | Zawgyi River | 18 | 1997-5-31 | Shan State, Yaksauk Township 21°33′53″N 96°52′25″E / 21.5646°N 96.8735°E |
| Zawgyi II Dam | 3 | Zawgyi River | 12 | 1998-11 | Shan State |
| Yeywa Dam[14] | 4 | Myitnge River | 790 | 2010 | 21°41′20″N 96°25′17″E / 21.68889°N 96.42139°E |
| Dapein I | 5 | Dapein River | 168 | 2005 | |
| Dapein II | 6 | Dapein River | 240 | 2006 | |
| Upper Paunglaung Dam[15] | 7 | Paunglaung River | 140 | 2009-12 | |
| Lower Paunglaung Dam | 8 | Paunglaung River | 280 | 2005 | |
| Zaungtu Dam | 9 | Bago River | 20 | 2000-3 | Bago Region |
| II | 10 | 48 | 1960, 1992-8 | Karenni State | |
| Sedawgyi | 11 | Chaungmagyi River | 25 | 1989-6 | Mandalay Region, Mogok |
| Mogok[16] | 12 | 4 | yes | Mandalay Region | |
| Zawgyt (1)[16] | 13 | 18 | yes | Shan State | |
| Kattalu (Kyunsu)[16] | 14 | .15 | yes | Tanintharyi Region | |
| Hopin Dam[16] | 15 | 1.26 | yes | ||
| Kunhing[16] | 16 | .15 | yes | Shan State 21°18′0″N 98°26′0″E / 21.30000°N 98.43333°E | |
| Namlat (Kyaington)[16] | 17 | .48 | yes | Shan State | |
| Chinshwehaw Dam[16] | 18 | 0.1 | yes | Shan State | |
| Kinda Dam[16][17] | 19 | Panlaung river | 56 | 1985 | Mandalay Reg.. Thazi Township |
| Selu[16] | 20 | .024 | Shan State | ||
| Malikyun (Palaw)[16] | 21 | .192 | Tanintharyi Region | ||
| Matupi (Namlaung)[16] | 22 | .2 | Chin State | ||
| Maing Lar[16] | 23 | .06 | Shan State | ||
| Baluchaung I [16] | 24 | 28 | Karenni State | ||
| Ching Hkran Dam[16] | 25 | 2.52 | Kachin State | ||
| Laiva Dam[16] | 26 | 0.96 - 0.6 | Chin State | ||
| Nam Wop Dam[16] | 27 | 3 | Shan State | ||
| Nammyao (Lashio) Dam[16] | 28 | 4 | Shan State | ||
| Chinshwehaw (Extension) Dam[16] | 29 | .2 | Shan State | ||
| Kunlon Dam[16] | 30 | Salween River | 0.5 | Shan State | |
| Zi Chaung Dam[16] | 31 | 1.26 | Sagaing Region | ||
| Nam Hkam Hka Dam (Mogaung)[16] |
32 | 5 | Kachin State (22°17′0″N 97°40′0″E / 22.28333°N 97.66667°E) | ||
| Nam Suang Ngaung (Kyaukme)[16] |
33 | 4 | Shan State | ||
| Lahe[16] | 34 | .05 | Sagaing Region | ||
| Tui swang (Tonzang)[16] |
35 | .2 | Chin State | ||
| Che Chaung (Mindat)[16] |
36 | .2 | |||
| Thapanseik Dam | 37 | 30 | 2002-6 | Sagaing Region | |
| Lawpita Dam Archived 2010-01-19 at the Wayback Machine | 39 | 192 | 1992 | Karenni state | |
| Monechaung[13] | 40 | 75 | 2004 | Magway Region (20°28′43″N 94°15′14″E / 20.4786°N 94.254°E) | |
| Shwegyin Dam | 41 | Shwegyin River | 75 | 2011 | Bago Region |
| Total | 40 | Hydro plants | 3,048.5 MW | commission | All Myanmar |
| Name | # | Impounds | Capacity (MW) | Commission | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myitsone Dam | 1 | Irawaddy River | 6000 | 2017 est. | 25°41′23″N 97°31′4″E / 25.68972°N 97.51778°E |
| Chibwe Dam[13] | 2 | N'Mai River | 3400 | 25°55′46″N 98°8′21″E / 25.92944°N 98.13917°E | |
| Pashe Dam[13] | 3 | N'Mai River | 1600 | 26°29′0″N 98°18′59″E / 26.48333°N 98.31639°E | |
| Lakin Dam[13] | 4 | N'Mai River | 1400 | Lakin26°35′45″N 98°24′22″E / 26.59583°N 98.40611°E | |
| Phizaw Dam[13] | 5 | N'Mai River | 1500 | ||
| Kaunglanphu Dam[13] | 6 | N'Mai River | 1700 | ||
| Laiza Dam[13] | 7 | Mali River | 1560 | 26°32′11″N 97°44′34″E / 26.53639°N 97.74278°E | |
| Chibwe Creek Dam[13] | 8 | N'Mai River (Chibwe Creek) | 99 | 25°53′40″N 98°8′40″E / 25.89444°N 98.14444°E | |
| Shwe Kyin Dam | 10 | Shwe Kyin Chaung (Stream) |
75 | 17°58′24″N 96°56′15″E / 17.97333°N 96.93750°E | |
| Tarpein I [18]Tarpien I[19] | 13 | Tarpein River | 240 | ||
| Tarpein II Dam | 14 | Tarpein River | 168 | ||
| Nam Myaw Dam | 16 | 4 | |||
| Shweli II Dam | 17 | Shweli River | 460 | ||
| Shweli III Dam | 18 | Shweli River | 360 | ||
| Upper Thanlwin- Kunlong Dams |
19 | Salween River | 2400 | 23°31′54″N 98°36′40″E / 23.53167°N 98.61111°E | |
| Mepan (Meipan) Dam | 22 | 1.26 | |||
| Kunhein (Kunheng) Dam | 23 | 0.15 | |||
| Kyaing Ton (Kengtung) Dam | 24 | 0.48 | |||
| TaSang Dam | 26 | Salween River | 7110 | 20°27′23″N 98°39′0″E / 20.45639°N 98.65000°E | |
| Kengtawng Dam | 27 | 54 | |||
| Kyaukme Dam | 30 | 4 | |||
| Watwon Dam | 31 | 0.5 | |||
| Dattawgyaing Dam | 33 | 36 | |||
| Kyeeon Kyeewa Dam | 39 | 75 | |||
| Buywa Dam | 40 | 60 | |||
| Nancho Dam | 41 | 40 | |||
| Paung Laung Dam[15] | 44 | 280 | |||
| Thaukyegat I Dam | 45 | 150 | Kayin State | ||
| Thaukyegat II Dam | 46 | 120 | Kayin State | ||
| Kapaung Dam | 47 | 30 | Bago Region | ||
| Kunchaung Dam | 48 | 60 | Bago Region | ||
| Yenwe Dam | 49 | 25 | Bago Region | ||
| Kyauk Naga Dam | 51 | 75 | |||
| Hatgyi Dam[20] | 52 | Salween River | 1360 | ||
| Dagwin dam[6][21] | 53 | Salween River | 792 | ||
| Tamanthi[22][23] | 54 | Chindwin River | 1200 | ||
| Weigyi[6] | 56 | Salween River | 4540 | 18°37′47″N 97°21′39″E / 18.62972°N 97.36083°E | |
| Mobye Dam Archived 2010-01-19 at the Wayback Machine | 57 | Balu Chaung River | 168 | ||
| Datawcha Dam Archived 2010-01-19 at the Wayback Machine | 58 | Balu Chaung River | 28 | ||
| Tha Htay Chaung[24] | 59 | 111 | Thandwe Township | ||
| Ann Chaung[24] | 60 | Ann River | 10 | Ann Township | |
| Sai Din Dam Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine[24][25] | 61 | Sai Din Waterfall | 76.5 | 2014 est. | Buthidaung |
| Laymro Dam[24] | 62 | Laymro River | 500 | ||
| Shwesayay Dam[22] | 63 | Chindwin River | 600 | ||
| Taninthayi[26] | 65 | 600 | |||
| Htamanthi[27] | 66 | 1200 | |||
| Tajan[28] | 67 | ||||
| Nam Kok | 68 | 42,100 to 150 | |||
| Bilin | 85 | 280 | Mon State | ||
| Phyu | 87 | 65 | Bago Region | ||
| Bawgata | 88 | 160 | Kayin State | ||
| Ywathit Dam | 89 | 600 to 4,500 | Kayah State |
Irrigation only
[edit]| Name | # | impounds | irrigated area | Coordinates | Pa Del Dam ( ပဒဲေရေလွာင္တမံ) | 1 | irrigation | Aung Lan Township, Magway Division | Chaungmagyi Dam | 1 | 3,000 acres (12 km2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kataik Dam | 2 | irrigation | |||||||||||
| Ngalaik Dam | 3 | irrigation & industrial water |
Pyinmana Township | ||||||||||
| Yezin Dam | 4 | irrigation | 19°51′54″N 96°16′59″E / 19.86500°N 96.28306°E |
In addition there were at least 10 major irrigation dams completed during the period between 1962 and 1988.[2]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Mon Youth Progressive Organization. 2007. In the Balance: Salween Dams Threaten Downstream Communities in Burma; Shan Sapawa. 2006. Warning Signs:An Update on Plans to Dam the Salween in Burma's Shan State; Karen Rivers Watch. 2004. Damming at Gunpoint:Burma Atrocities Pave the Way for Salween Dams in Karen State; & Salween Watch, Southeast Asia Rivers Network & Center for Social Development Studies at Chulalongkorn University. 2004. The Salween Under Threat:Damming the Longest Free River in Southeast Asia. All available at [1] 25 '缅甸萨尔温江战略合作框架协议签署 (Salween River Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement Signed).' 金融界, 28 April 2008.[2] 26 '激战瑞丽江——水电十四局瑞丽江电站截流施工纪实 (Shweli River Fierce Battle-Shweli Dam 14th Bureau Damming Construction).' Sinohydro Website, 26 February 2007. [3] For photographs of construction at the Shweli I Dam site see '瑞丽江项目部图库 (Shweli River Project Bureau Photographs).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 29 June 2007.[4] 27 '中国在缅甸投资的首个水电项目成功截流 (China's First Hydropower Investment in Burma Successfully Dammed).' China Electricity Council, 13 December 2006. [5]; For more information regarding the Shweli Cascade see Palaung Youth Network Group. 2007. Under the Boot. Available in English and Chinese at [6] Sinohydro's 14th Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website
- ^ '瑞丽江电站胜利实现截流 (Shweli River Hydropower Station Triumphantly Blocks Water).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Dali Sub-bureau Website, 11 December 2006. [7] 29 'Myanmar Installs More Transmission Lines for New Power Plant.' Xinhua General News Service, 5 July 2007; 'About Huyong.' Ningbo Huyong Electric Power Material Co. Website.[8] [Thanks toCourier Research Associates for providing this link.]; & '缅甸瑞丽江一级电站工程总承建包合同在昆签字 (ContractsSigned in Kunming for Shweli I Dam).' Sinohydro's 14th Engineering Bureau Website, 5 July 2007. 30 For more information, see Kachin Development Network Group. 2007. Damming the Irrawaddy. Available at [9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c CHINA IN BURMA: THE INCREASING INVESTMENT OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN BURMA'S HYDROPOWER, OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS BURMA'S HYDROPOWER, OIL AND NATURAL GAS, AND MINING SECTORS UPDATED: September 2008
- ^ a b "Irrigation Works in Myanmar". Irrigation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. 2004. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2003/enlm/Aug19_h1.html Archived 2005-01-29 at the Wayback Machine>
- ^ a b "Country Profiles -Myanmar". Water Power Magazine. International Water Power and Dam Construction. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ "Myanmar -Future Projects 1. HYDRO". Jakarta: Asean Centre for Energy. 2003-01-14. Archived from the original on 13 May 2004. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Akimoto, Yuki (June 2004). "Hydro-powering the Regime". The Irawaddy, Vol. 12, No. 6. Irrawaddy Publishing Group. Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ "Country Profiles". Archived from the original on 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ P. Lako; H. Eder; M. de Noord; H. Reisinger (July 2003). Hydropower Development with a Focus on Asia and Western Europe: Overview in the framework of VLEEM 2 (PDF). ECN Policy Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ "Increased attention to Myanmar's energy sector". Investvine.com. 2013-02-20. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
- ^ "celebration"/ "Black day for Burma's Irrawaddy: junta ministers host Myitsone dam "celebration"". Burma Digest. Dec 22, 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Shwezaye, Burma". Fallingrain. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
- ^ "Myanmar biggest hydropower plant to be put on test run". LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE. Burma Rivers Network. 2009-11-22. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY OF BURMA/MYANMAR ON-LINE COMPENDIUM" (PDF). BurmaLibrary.org. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
- ^ U. Win Kyaw; U. Myint Zaw; Alan Dredge; Paul Fischer; K. Steiger. "Yeywa Hydropower Project, an Overview" (PDF). Vietnam National Commission On Large Dams. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Upper and Lower Paunglaung Dams". burmariversnetwork.org. 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Completed and On-Going Projects". ASEAN Centre for Energy. 2006-05-09. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ Nyauggyat (Kinda) Dam Multipurpose Project ]
- ^ Dam
- ^ Chinese Dam Incurs KIO Wrath
- ^ "News Thailand and Myanmar agree Salween investment". Water Power and Dam Construction. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ "Dagwin Dam, Dam Specifications". LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE. Burma Rivers Network. 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Myanmar, India sign hydro deal Mo". The Myanmar Times. Salween Watch. 2008-11-22. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
- ^ "Bhel, NHPC in joint bid to bring Myanmar project back on track". LETTING THE RIVERS RUN FREE. Burma Rivers Network. 2009-02-13. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Hydro-power projects to produce over 600 MW in Arakan state". Burma News International. 2009-01-14. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
- ^ "Sai Din Hydropower Project Resumes". Burma News. Democracy for Burma. 3 April 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
- ^ waterpowermagazine.com (October 15, 2008). "Myanmar plans Taninthayi, sees Yeywa two-thirds complete". waterpowermagazine.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
- ^ waterpowermagazine.com (September 23, 2008). "NHPC signs major hydro MoU with Myanmar". waterpowermagazine.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
- ^ "China Gezhouba set for Mombela, Tajan and delivers at Busan". waterpowermagazine.com. April 5, 2007. Archived from the original on April 28, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2010.