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{{Short description|Soviet high-bypass turbofan}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
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|image=Engine D-18T.jpg
|image=Engine D-18T.jpg
|caption=D-18T engine installed on an Antonov An-124 "Ruslan" prototype
|caption=D-18T engine installed on an Antonov An-124 "Ruslan" prototype
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Engine
}}{{Infobox aircraft engine
|type=[[Turbofan]]
|type=[[Turbofan]]
|national origin =[[Soviet Union]]/[[Ukraine]]
|national origin =[[Soviet Union]]/[[Ukraine]]
|designer = [[Ivchenko-Progress]]
|designer = [[Ivchenko-Progress]]
|manufacturer = [[Motor Sich]]
|manufacturer = [[Motor Sich]]
|first run={{avyear|1980}}
|first run=1980
|major applications=[[Antonov An-124]]<br />[[Antonov An-225]]
|major applications=[[Antonov An-124 Ruslan]]<br />[[Antonov An-225 Mriya]]
|number built =188<ref>[http://www.deagel.com/Turbofan-Engines/D-18T_a000901001.aspx D18T] at deagel.com</ref>
|number built =188<ref>[http://www.deagel.com/Turbofan-Engines/D-18T_a000901001.aspx D18T] at deagel.com</ref>
|program cost =
|unit cost =
|developed from =
|developed from =
|developed into =
|developed into =
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|}
|}


The '''Progress D-18T''' (or '''Lotarev D-18T''') is a triple-shaft, {{cvt|51,500|lbf|kN}} [[high-bypass turbofan]], powering the [[Antonov An-124]] and [[Antonov An-225|An-225]] large freighters.
The '''Progress D-18T''' (or '''Lotarev D-18T''') is a {{cvt|51,500|lbf|kN}} [[high-bypass turbofan]] that powers the [[Antonov An-124 Ruslan]] and [[Antonov An-225 Mriya|An-225]] large freighters.


==Design and development==
==Design and development==


The engine was developed in the early 1980s by the Ukrainian [[Ivchenko-Progress]] design bureau.<ref name=AvWeek10oct2018/> It is manufactured by the [[Motor Sich]] factory in [[Zaporizhia]], [[Ukraine]]. It was the first engine in the USSR that could deliver more than 20,000 kgf (~196&nbsp;kN or ~44,000&nbsp;lbf) of thrust.
The engine was developed in the second half of the 1970s by the then Soviet [[Ivchenko-Progress]] design bureau.<ref name=AvWeek10oct2018/> It is manufactured by the [[Motor Sich]] factory in [[Zaporizhzhia]], [[Ukraine]]. It was the first engine in the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] that could deliver more than 20,000 kgf (~196&nbsp;kN or ~44,000&nbsp;lbf) of thrust.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Progress|first=Ivchenko|date=2020|title=Engines of the third millennium|url=https://kuwait.mfa.gov.ua/storage/app/sites/46/uploaded-files/ivchenko-engines.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=19 December 2020|website=Ukraine Defence industry leaflet}}</ref>
The first start of a full-scale engine occurred on September 19, 1980, the An-124 maiden flight on December 24, 1982 and the engine passed official bench tests on December 19, 1985.
The first start of a full-scale engine occurred on September 19, 1980, the An-124 maiden flight on December 24, 1982 and the engine passed official bench tests on December 19, 1985.


An upgraded 3M version was developed to reduce emissions and increase the life of the hot section to 14,000 h, and is introduced on [[An-124]]s of [[Antonov Airlines]].<ref name=AvWeek10oct2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/propulsion/freighter-growth-and-possible-124-reengining-boost-cf6-prospects#comment-1081811 |title= Freighter Growth And Possible An-124 Reengining Boost CF6 Prospects |date= Oct 10, 2018 |author= Guy Norris |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>
An upgraded 3M version was developed to reduce emissions and increase the life of the hot section to 14,000 h, and is introduced on [[An-124]]s of [[Antonov Airlines]].<ref name=AvWeek10oct2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/propulsion/freighter-growth-and-possible-124-reengining-boost-cf6-prospects#comment-1081811 |title= Freighter Growth And Possible An-124 Reengining Boost CF6 Prospects |date= Oct 10, 2018 |author= Guy Norris |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>
Currently 188 D-18T engines are in operation with a total flight time of over 1 million hours.
Currently 188 D-18T engines are in operation with a total flight time of over 1 million hours.

== Incidents ==
{{seealso|Volga-Dnepr Airlines Flight 4066}}
In March 2020 Ukrainian authorities ordered a one time inspection of all D-18T engine intermediate pressure compressor disks following an [[uncontained engine failure]]. Inspections were required to be carried out within six months.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaminski-Morrow|first=David|date=23 March 2020|title=An-124 disk inspection ordered after uncontained failure|url=https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/freighter-operator/an-124-disk-inspection-ordered-after-uncontained-failure/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=13 November 2020|website=Aircargo News}}</ref> On 13 November 2020 a [[Volga-Dnepr Airlines]] An-124 had an uncontained failure of the inboard left (number 2) D-18T engine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 November 2020|title=An124 runway excursion|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20201113-0|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=13 November 2020|website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>


==Applications==
==Applications==
[[File:An-225 D-18T.jpg|thumb|right|Three D-18T engines on [[Antonov An-225]] ''Mriya'']]
[[File:An-225 D-18T.jpg|thumb|right|Three of the six D-18T engines on [[Antonov An-225]] ''Mriya'']]
* [[Antonov An-124]]
* [[Antonov An-124]]
* [[Antonov An-225]]
* [[Antonov An-225]] (destroyed 2022)


==Specifications (D-18T)==
==Specifications (D-18T)==
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|ref=''forecastinternational.com''<ref>[http://ram-home.com/ram-old/eng_d-18.html D-18 by Lotarev]</ref>
|ref=''forecastinternational.com''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ram-home.com/ram-old/eng_d-18.html |title=D-18 by Lotarev |access-date=2009-08-13 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227190844/http://ram-home.com/ram-old/eng_d-18.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|type=Three-spool high bypass turbofan engine with a single-stage fan
|type=Three-spool high bypass turbofan engine with a single-stage fan
|length=5.4 m (212.6 in)
|length=5.4 m (212.6 in)
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* '''Fan diameter''': 2.33 m (91.73 in)
* '''Fan diameter''': 2.33 m (91.73 in)
|weight=4,100 kg (9,039 lb)
|weight=4,100 kg (9,039 lb)
|compressor=Seven-stage IP compressor, seven-stage axial HP compressor
|compressor=Seven-stage IP compressor, seven-stage HP [[axial compressor]]
|combustion=Annular combustion system
|combustion=Annular combustion system
|turbine=Single-stage HP turbine, single-stage IP turbine, four‑stage LP turbine
|turbine=Single-stage HP turbine, single-stage IP turbine, four‑stage LP turbine
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|oilsystem=
|oilsystem=
|power=
|power=
|thrust=''Takeoff'': {{cvt|23430|kgf|lbf kN}}; ''Cruise'': {{cvt|4860|kgf|lbf kN}}<ref name="PerformanceSpecs"/>
|thrust=23,430 Kgf; {{convert|229.85|kN|abbr=on}}
|compression=27.5
|compression=27.5
* '''Bypass ratio''': 5.7
* '''Bypass ratio''': 5.7
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|turbinetemp=1,600 K (1,327 °C; 2,420 °F)
|turbinetemp=1,600 K (1,327 °C; 2,420 °F)
|fuelcon=
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon=''Takeoff'': {{cvt|0.345|tsfc|order=flip}}; ''Cruise'': {{cvt|0.546|tsfc|order=flip}}<ref name="PerformanceSpecs">{{cite web |website=SE Ivchenko Progress |title=D-18T turbofan |url=http://ivchenko-progress.com/?portfolio=d18t&lang=en#tab-1441259435721-0-1 |department=Performance |access-date=December 9, 2019}}</ref>
|specfuelcon=
|power/weight=
|power/weight=
|thrust/weight=Approx 5.7:1
|thrust/weight=5.72
}}
}}


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|similar engines=
|similar engines=
*[[General Electric TF39]]
* [[General Electric CF6]]
* [[General Electric CF6]]
* [[General Electric GEnx|General Electric GEnx-2B]]
* [[Pratt & Whitney JT9D]]
* [[Pratt & Whitney JT9D]]
* [[Pratt & Whitney PW4000]]
* [[Pratt & Whitney PW4000]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RB211|Rolls-Royce RB211-524]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RB211|Rolls-Royce RB211-524]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Trent 500]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Trent 500]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Trent 900]]


|lists=
|lists=
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[[Category:Ivchenko-Progress aircraft engines]]
[[Category:Ivchenko-Progress aircraft engines]]
[[Category:High-bypass turbofan engines]]
[[Category:High-bypass turbofan engines]]
[[Category:Turbofan engines 1980–1989]]
[[Category:1980s turbofan engines]]
[[Category:Three-spool turbofan engines]]
[[Category:Three-spool turbofan engines]]

Latest revision as of 03:56, 22 November 2024

D-18T
D-18T engine installed on an Antonov An-124 "Ruslan" prototype
Type Turbofan
National origin Soviet Union/Ukraine
Manufacturer Motor Sich
Designer Ivchenko-Progress
First run 1980
Major applications Antonov An-124 Ruslan
Antonov An-225 Mriya
Number built 188[1]

The Progress D-18T (or Lotarev D-18T) is a 51,500 lbf (229 kN) high-bypass turbofan that powers the Antonov An-124 Ruslan and An-225 large freighters.

Design and development

[edit]

The engine was developed in the second half of the 1970s by the then Soviet Ivchenko-Progress design bureau.[2] It is manufactured by the Motor Sich factory in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. It was the first engine in the USSR that could deliver more than 20,000 kgf (~196 kN or ~44,000 lbf) of thrust.[3] The first start of a full-scale engine occurred on September 19, 1980, the An-124 maiden flight on December 24, 1982 and the engine passed official bench tests on December 19, 1985.

An upgraded 3M version was developed to reduce emissions and increase the life of the hot section to 14,000 h, and is introduced on An-124s of Antonov Airlines.[2] Currently 188 D-18T engines are in operation with a total flight time of over 1 million hours.

Incidents

[edit]
See also: Volga-Dnepr Airlines Flight 4066

In March 2020 Ukrainian authorities ordered a one time inspection of all D-18T engine intermediate pressure compressor disks following an uncontained engine failure. Inspections were required to be carried out within six months.[4] On 13 November 2020 a Volga-Dnepr Airlines An-124 had an uncontained failure of the inboard left (number 2) D-18T engine.[5]

Applications

[edit]
Three of the six D-18T engines on Antonov An-225 Mriya

Specifications (D-18T)

[edit]
One of the four D-18T of an Antonov An-124

Data from forecastinternational.com[6]

General characteristics

  • Type: Three-spool high bypass turbofan engine with a single-stage fan
  • Length: 5.4 m (212.6 in)
  • Width: 2.93 m (115.6 in)
  • Height: 2.79 m (109.9 in)
  • Fan diameter: 2.33 m (91.73 in)
  • Diameter:
  • Dry weight: 4,100 kg (9,039 lb)

Components

  • Compressor: Seven-stage IP compressor, seven-stage HP axial compressor
  • Combustors: Annular combustion system
  • Turbine: Single-stage HP turbine, single-stage IP turbine, four‑stage LP turbine

Performance

See also

[edit]

Comparable engines

Related lists

References

[edit]
  1. ^ D18T at deagel.com
  2. ^ a b Guy Norris (Oct 10, 2018). "Freighter Growth And Possible An-124 Reengining Boost CF6 Prospects". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
  3. ^ Progress, Ivchenko (2020). "Engines of the third millennium" (PDF). Ukraine Defence industry leaflet. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  4. ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (23 March 2020). "An-124 disk inspection ordered after uncontained failure". Aircargo News. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  5. ^ "An124 runway excursion". Aviation Safety Network. 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  6. ^ "D-18 by Lotarev". Archived from the original on 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
  7. ^ a b "D-18T turbofan". Performance. SE Ivchenko Progress. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
[edit]
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