Pinjara: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Muslim community}} |
{{Short description|Muslim community}} |
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{{About|Muslim caste in India|film in Marathi|Pinjra (film)}} |
{{About|Muslim caste in India|film in Marathi|Pinjra (film)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} |
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[[File:Pinjara.jpg|right|thumb|250px]] |
[[File:Pinjara.jpg|right|thumb|250px]] |
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{{Infobox ethnic group| |
{{Infobox ethnic group| |
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|group= Pinjara |
| group = Pinjara |
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|poptime = |
| poptime = |
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|popplace = • India • Pakistan |
| popplace = • India • Pakistan |
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|langs = • [[Urdu language|Urdu]] • [[Hindi language|Hindi]] • [[Marwari language|Marwari]] • [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |
| langs = • [[Urdu language|Urdu]] • [[Hindi language|Hindi]] • [[Marwari language|Marwari]] • [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |
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| rels = Islam |
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|rels= • [[Image:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islam]] 100% • |
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|related= • [[Behna]] • [[Mansoori]] |
| related = • [[Behna]] • [[Mansoori]] |
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}} |
}} |
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<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saheb |first=Mr. Hazrath |title=Culture among Pinjara Muslims |url=https://www.ashwinanokha.com/resources/141.%20Culture%20among%20Pinjaras%20of%20karnataka.pdf}}</ref> |
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The '''Pinjara''' ([[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]: पिंजरा <small>([[Devanagari]])</small> {{Nastaliq|پِنجارہ}} <small>([[Perso-Arabic script|Perso-Arabic]])</small>) are a [[Muslim]] community found in the states of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Rajasthan]] in [[India]]. They are also known as [[Mansoori|Shaikh Mansoori]], especially in [[Gujarat]], where the name Pinjara is no longer used. The Pinjara is the traditional cotton carder of [[Central India]], just like the [[Behna]] are the traditional cotton carders of [[North India]].<ref>People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas pages 750 to 755 Popular Prakashan</ref><ref>People of India Maharshtra Volume XXX Part Three edited by B.V Bhanu, B.R Bhatnagar, D.K Bose, V.S Kulkarni and J Sreenath pages 1733- 1737</ref> Some members of Pinjara community have migrated to [[Pakistan]] after the independence in 1947 and have settled in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]]. |
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The '''Pinjara''' are a Muslim community found in the states of [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]] and some parts of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in India. The Pinjara Muslims form a distinctive community of Indian Muslims primarily concentrated in the western state of Maharashtra, particularly in Mumbai. Where large communities termed as [[Jama'at Khana|Jama'at Khanas]] were formed in the 1800s. |
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Originally the Pinjaras are the traditional cotton carders of [[Central India]] and the community is believed to have migrated to India from [[Central Asia]], particularly during the medieval period when many skilled artisans from [[Iran]] moved into the Indian subcontinent. Some members of Pinjara community have migrated to [[Pakistan]] and have settled in [[Karachi]], [[Larkana]], [[Umerkot]] and other regions of [[Sindh]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} |
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==History and origin== |
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They are known '''Shaikh Mansoori''' or Rangadis especially in [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]], where the name Pinjara is no longer used. The name Mansoori is derived from a [[Wali|Sufi saint]], [[Al-Hallaj|Khwaja Mansoor Al Hallaj '''Al-Hallaj''' (c. 858-922).]] as they are claimed to be the decedents of him. Pinjara Muslims often speak the local languages of the regions they inhabit, such as [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], or [[Urdu]], and their cultural practices are deeply influenced by their regional environments. The community is known for its strict adherence to Islamic practices and maintains a strong sense of social cohesion. |
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The community gets its name from the word ''pinjna'', which means ginning in the [[Hindi language]]. The community embraced [[Islam]] during the rule of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Aurangzeb]], and then took up the occupation of cotton ginning after their conversion to [[Islam]]. Some traditions make the community of [[Muslim Rajputs]] extraction.<ref>People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas pages 750 to 755 Popular Prakashan</ref> In [[Maharashtra]], the Pinjara have two subdivisions, the Teli Pinjara and the Ghatore. The Teli Pinjara get their name from the fact that the community took to oil pressing, an occupation associated with the [[Teli]] community. While the Ghatore are said to get their name from the Ghat area of [[Chhindwara District]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], where the community are said to have originated.<ref>People of India Maharshtra Volume XXX Part Three edited by B.V Bhanu, B.R Bhatnagar, D.K Bose, V.S Kulkarni and J Sreenath pages 1733- 1737</ref> While in [[Madhya Pradesh]], where the community is found mainly in [[Nimar District|Nimar]], and [[Sagar District|Sagar]] districts. They are further divided into a number of clans known as ''biradaris'', the main ones being the Badharia, Sarsutia and Pardesi.<ref>Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India by R.V Russel</ref> |
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Renowned for their traditional involvement in textile weaving, their name, "'''Pinjara'''," derived from [[Marathi language|Marathi]], translates to "cage," a reference to the enclosures once used for their [[weaving]] equipment. This community boasts a diverse cultural heritage shaped by influences from their Islamic faith, Marathi language and culture, as well as their unique history and traditions. |
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==Present circumstances== |
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When it comes to food habits, Pinjara Muslims have a rich culinary heritage that reflects the diverse influences of their history, culture and places they are settled in. In [[Maharashtra]] Their cuisine is a blend of Marathi and Muslim cooking styles and incorporates a range of spices and flavors that are unique to the region. Fish is also a popular food item among Pinjara Muslims, particularly in coastal areas of Maharashtra. [[Pomfret]], [[Indo-Pacific king mackerel|Surmai]], and [[Mackerel as food|Bangda]] are some of the common varieties of fish that are consumed in the community. Sweets and desserts also hold a special place in Pinjara Muslim cuisine. They have a range of traditional sweets such as [[Phirni]], [[Sheer khurma|Sheer Khurma]], and [[Laddu|Ladoo]], which are often served during festivals and special occasions. |
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In [[Rajasthan]], the Pinjara are found mainly in [[Jodhpur District|Jodhpur]], [[Jaipur District|Jaipur]], [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]], [[Alwar]] and [[Bikaner]] districts. They speak a variety of [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], and have a working knowledge of [[Urdu]]. The community are divided into two major [[exogamy|exogamous]] groups, the Baone and Terpane, the former is further divided into fifty two clans, and the latter is divided into fifty three clans. Some of their major clans are the Sherani, Asan, Galhot, Bhati, Chauhan, Aravalli, Tak, Aguan, Khokhar, Ajmeria, Bhulta, Bahaleem, Chitta and Multani. These clans are exogamous in nature...<ref>People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas pages 750 to 755 Popular Prakashan</ref> The main situated area of clan sherani's is a town "kanore" near Udaipur.Wasim Ahamad sherani is a teenager in Sherani clan. |
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In [[Maharashtra]], the community is found mainly in the districts of [[Bhandara District|Bhandara]], [[Nagpur District|Nagpur]], [[Amravati District|Amravati]] and [[Wardha District|Wardha]]. They speak [[Marathi language|Marathi]], although most also speak [[Dakhani]]. Unlike the Rajasthan Pinjara, the Maharashtra Pinjara do not practice clan [[exogamy]]. Most prefer marrying close kin, and practice parallel cousin marriage. The Pinjara are [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s, although they incporporate a number of folk beliefs.<ref>People of India Maharshtra Volume XXX Part Three edited by B.V Bhanu, B.R Bhatnagar, D.K Bose, V.S Kulkarni and J Sreenath pages 1733- 1737</ref> |
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Their traditional occupation of cotton carding was eliminated by [[Industrialisation|industrialization]]. Few continued to work as cotton carders or traders. Many turned towards manufacturing or other sectors. Marriages with members of other castes of the same status are occasionally permitted. Mansoori's are mostly active in business or in engineering or accounting.{{cn|date=September 2024}} |
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In [[Rajasthan]], the Pinjara are a landless community, and live by cotton ginning and making quilt and pillows. The Pinjara purchase cotton from the villages in their neighbourhood. They also started selling quilts in the local towns. A small minority of the Pinjara are now cultivators. The community is [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] and perceives itself of [[Shaikhs in South Asia|Shaikh]] status.<ref>People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas pages 750 to 755 Popular Prakashan</ref> |
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Celebrating Islamic festivals such as [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Eid al-Adha]], and [[Muharram]], their cultural practices are deeply intertwined with their religious beliefs. |
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In [[Maharashtra]], the Pinjara have abandoned their traditional occupation of cotton gining and the manufacture of quilts and pillows. A process that began in the 19th Century, when many members of the community took to agriculture has accelerated. Most Pinjara are now small and medium sized farmers. Most live in multi-caste villages which they share with the [[Maratha]], [[Mang (caste)|Mang]], [[Gond]] and Bandha communities. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Indian Muslim}} |
{{Indian Muslim}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Muslim communities of Pakistan]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Maharashtra]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]] |
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[[Category:Muslim communities of India]] |
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]] |
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[[Category:Muhajir communities]] |
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[[Category:Shaikh clans]] |
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[[Category:Muslim communities of Rajasthan]] |
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[[Category:Muslim communities of Maharashtra]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:43, 22 November 2024
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| • India • Pakistan | |
| Languages | |
| • Urdu • Hindi • Marwari • Marathi | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| • Behna • Mansoori |
[1] The Pinjara are a Muslim community found in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and some parts of Madhya Pradesh in India. The Pinjara Muslims form a distinctive community of Indian Muslims primarily concentrated in the western state of Maharashtra, particularly in Mumbai. Where large communities termed as Jama'at Khanas were formed in the 1800s.
Originally the Pinjaras are the traditional cotton carders of Central India and the community is believed to have migrated to India from Central Asia, particularly during the medieval period when many skilled artisans from Iran moved into the Indian subcontinent. Some members of Pinjara community have migrated to Pakistan and have settled in Karachi, Larkana, Umerkot and other regions of Sindh.[citation needed]
They are known Shaikh Mansoori or Rangadis especially in Gujarat and Maharashtra, where the name Pinjara is no longer used. The name Mansoori is derived from a Sufi saint, Khwaja Mansoor Al Hallaj Al-Hallaj (c. 858-922). as they are claimed to be the decedents of him. Pinjara Muslims often speak the local languages of the regions they inhabit, such as Marathi, Gujarati, or Urdu, and their cultural practices are deeply influenced by their regional environments. The community is known for its strict adherence to Islamic practices and maintains a strong sense of social cohesion.
Renowned for their traditional involvement in textile weaving, their name, "Pinjara," derived from Marathi, translates to "cage," a reference to the enclosures once used for their weaving equipment. This community boasts a diverse cultural heritage shaped by influences from their Islamic faith, Marathi language and culture, as well as their unique history and traditions.
When it comes to food habits, Pinjara Muslims have a rich culinary heritage that reflects the diverse influences of their history, culture and places they are settled in. In Maharashtra Their cuisine is a blend of Marathi and Muslim cooking styles and incorporates a range of spices and flavors that are unique to the region. Fish is also a popular food item among Pinjara Muslims, particularly in coastal areas of Maharashtra. Pomfret, Surmai, and Bangda are some of the common varieties of fish that are consumed in the community. Sweets and desserts also hold a special place in Pinjara Muslim cuisine. They have a range of traditional sweets such as Phirni, Sheer Khurma, and Ladoo, which are often served during festivals and special occasions.
Their traditional occupation of cotton carding was eliminated by industrialization. Few continued to work as cotton carders or traders. Many turned towards manufacturing or other sectors. Marriages with members of other castes of the same status are occasionally permitted. Mansoori's are mostly active in business or in engineering or accounting.[citation needed]
Celebrating Islamic festivals such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, and Muharram, their cultural practices are deeply intertwined with their religious beliefs.
References
[edit]- ^ Saheb, Mr. Hazrath. "Culture among Pinjara Muslims" (PDF).