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During the [[AIDS Crisis|AIDS crisis]] in the 1980s, cities such as San Francisco<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=1984-10-10 |title=14 San Francisco Sex Clubs Told to Close to Curb AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/10/us/14-san-francisco-sex-clubs-told-to-close-to-curb-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=8 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and [[New York City|New York]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carroll |first=Maurice |date=1985-10-26 |title=State Permits Closing of Bathhouses to Cut AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/26/nyregion/state-permits-closing-of-bathhouses-to-cut-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=1 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> forcibly closed gay establishments that, accurately or not, were believed to permit [[unsafe sex]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Hank |first=Trout |date=2021-12-22 |title=The bathhouse battle of 1984 |url=https://www.sfaf.org/collections/beta/the-bathhouse-battle-of-1984/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> including fisting.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Barcelos |first=Chris A. |date=2023-05-04 |title=Adventures in fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/share/DPWUMPWCVITJDH2EKU2R?target=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |journal=[[Sex Education (journal)|Sex Education]] |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |issn=1468-1811 |s2cid=248197422 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Consequently, most venues that permitted fisting, namely [[gay bathhouses]] and [[sex club]]s, permanently closed.<ref>[[Gayle Rubin|Gayle S. Rubin]], "Elegy for the Valley of Kings: AIDS and the Leather Community in San Francisco, 1981-1996", in ''In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS'', ed. John H. Gagnon, Peter M. Nardi, and Martin P. Levine, University of Chicago Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0226278573}}, pp. 101-144.</ref><ref name=":8" /> While the closures were supported by some in the gay community (such as [[Randy Shilts]]), others—including the [[gay press]], [[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]], and [[San Francisco Human Rights Commission]]—criticized the decision as counterproductive and a violation of civil liberties.<ref name=":12" /> Many regarded the closures as a product of [[Homophobia|anti-gay]] hysteria as well as [[Antisexualism|anti-sex]] attitudes and [[Taboo|disapproval]] of gay sexual activity in particular.<ref name=":12" /> Meanwhile, [[safe sex]] advocates launched a public health campaign to promote the use of gloves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=one-2018001-p02335~01 (UC12335431) |url=https://doi.org/10.25549/one-c4-45746 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=USC Libraries |date=2021 |doi=10.25549/one-c4-45746 |via=[[ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives]]}}</ref>
During the [[AIDS Crisis|AIDS crisis]] in the 1980s, cities such as San Francisco<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=1984-10-10 |title=14 San Francisco Sex Clubs Told to Close to Curb AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/10/us/14-san-francisco-sex-clubs-told-to-close-to-curb-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=8 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and [[New York City|New York]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carroll |first=Maurice |date=1985-10-26 |title=State Permits Closing of Bathhouses to Cut AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/26/nyregion/state-permits-closing-of-bathhouses-to-cut-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=1 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> forcibly closed gay establishments that, accurately or not, were believed to permit [[unsafe sex]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Hank |first=Trout |date=2021-12-22 |title=The bathhouse battle of 1984 |url=https://www.sfaf.org/collections/beta/the-bathhouse-battle-of-1984/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> including fisting.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Barcelos |first=Chris A. |date=2023-05-04 |title=Adventures in fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/share/DPWUMPWCVITJDH2EKU2R?target=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |journal=[[Sex Education (journal)|Sex Education]] |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |issn=1468-1811 |s2cid=248197422 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Consequently, most venues that permitted fisting, namely [[gay bathhouses]] and [[sex club]]s, permanently closed.<ref>[[Gayle Rubin|Gayle S. Rubin]], "Elegy for the Valley of Kings: AIDS and the Leather Community in San Francisco, 1981-1996", in ''In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS'', ed. John H. Gagnon, Peter M. Nardi, and Martin P. Levine, University of Chicago Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0226278573}}, pp. 101-144.</ref><ref name=":8" /> While the closures were supported by some in the gay community (such as [[Randy Shilts]]), others—including the [[gay press]], [[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]], and [[San Francisco Human Rights Commission]]—criticized the decision as counterproductive and a violation of civil liberties.<ref name=":12" /> Many regarded the closures as a product of [[Homophobia|anti-gay]] hysteria as well as [[Antisexualism|anti-sex]] attitudes and [[Taboo|disapproval]] of gay sexual activity in particular.<ref name=":12" /> Meanwhile, [[safe sex]] advocates launched a public health campaign to promote the use of gloves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=one-2018001-p02335~01 (UC12335431) |url=https://doi.org/10.25549/one-c4-45746 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=USC Libraries |date=2021 |doi=10.25549/one-c4-45746 |via=[[ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives]]}}</ref>




Fisting's visibility and popularity has grown in the twenty-first century,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-24 |title=Exploring The Pleasures Of Fisting: A Guide To Safe And Enjoyable Fisting Sexual Experiences |url=https://www.allohealth.care/healthfeed/sex-education/fisting-sexual |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Allo Health |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beresford |first=Kaitlyn Hayes and Meka |date=2016-06-23 |title=UK sex trends: "Fisting is the new black" |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2016/06/23/uk-sex-trends-fisting-is-the-new-black/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[PinkNews]] |language=en-US}}</ref> likely due in large part to the [[Internet pornography|internet]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheves |first=Alexander |date=2019-07-10 |title=4 Perspectives On How The Internet Has Changed Kink |url=https://www.them.us/story/how-the-internet-has-changed-kink-bdsm-leather |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Them (website)|Them]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and greater [[Prevention of HIV/AIDS|HIV prevention and treatment options]]. Fisting [[pornography]] is now widely available online<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Dickson |first=E. J. |date=2014-10-21 |title=Is fisting the Internet's last taboo sex act? |url=https://cashmeremag.com/fisting-taboo-law-75692/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Cashmere Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> and fisters can easily meet via [[Social media|social media platforms]], some of which are tailored for fisting (e.g. [[Recon (app)|Recon]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Joseph |date=2016-05-10 |title=Another Day, Another Hack: Is Your Fisting Site Updating Its Forum Software? |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkjj4p/rosebuttboard-ip-board |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=Kinky Dating App {{!}} Recon Review |url=https://www.fetish.com/magazine/kinky-dating-site-reviews/recon-app-review/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Fetish.com |language=en}}</ref> Gay bathhouses have made a comeback, with some even advertising fisting parties and live demonstrations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-24 |title=IML 2017: International Mr. Leather in Chicago |url=https://www.windycitytimes.com/lgbt/IML-2017-International-Mr-Leather-in-Chicago/59220.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[Windy City Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":15" />[[File:Self Fisting.jpg|thumb|Anal self-fisting|180x180px|alt=Anal fisting performed by a man on himself]]
Fisting's visibility and popularity has grown in the twenty-first century,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-24 |title=Exploring The Pleasures Of Fisting: A Guide To Safe And Enjoyable Fisting Sexual Experiences |url=https://www.allohealth.care/healthfeed/sex-education/fisting-sexual |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Allo Health |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beresford |first=Kaitlyn Hayes and Meka |date=2016-06-23 |title=UK sex trends: "Fisting is the new black" |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2016/06/23/uk-sex-trends-fisting-is-the-new-black/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[PinkNews]] |language=en-US}}</ref> likely due in large part to the [[Internet pornography|internet]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheves |first=Alexander |date=2019-07-10 |title=4 Perspectives On How The Internet Has Changed Kink |url=https://www.them.us/story/how-the-internet-has-changed-kink-bdsm-leather |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Them (website)|Them]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and greater [[Prevention of HIV/AIDS|HIV prevention and treatment options]]. Fisting [[pornography]] is now widely available online<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Dickson |first=E. J. |date=2014-10-21 |title=Is fisting the Internet's last taboo sex act? |url=https://cashmeremag.com/fisting-taboo-law-75692/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Cashmere Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> and fisters can easily meet via [[Social media|social media platforms]], some of which are tailored for fisting (e.g. [[Recon (app)|Recon]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Joseph |date=2016-05-10 |title=Another Day, Another Hack: Is Your Fisting Site Updating Its Forum Software? |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkjj4p/rosebuttboard-ip-board |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=Kinky Dating App {{!}} Recon Review |url=https://www.fetish.com/magazine/kinky-dating-site-reviews/recon-app-review/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Fetish.com |language=en}}</ref> Gay bathhouses have made a comeback, with some even advertising fisting parties and live demonstrations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-24 |title=IML 2017: International Mr. Leather in Chicago |url=https://www.windycitytimes.com/lgbt/IML-2017-International-Mr-Leather-in-Chicago/59220.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[Windy City Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":15" />[[File:Self Fisting.jpg|thumb|Anal self-fisting|180x180px|alt=Anal fisting performed by a man on himself]]
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=== Art ===
=== Art ===
* The [[San Francisco South of Market Leather History Alley]], opened in 2017, is art that honors [[leather subculture|leather culture]] and community members including Steve McEachern (owner of the [[Catacombs (sex club)|Catacombs]], a now defunct gay and lesbian [[sadomasochism|S/M]] [[Leather subculture|leather]] fisting club in the South of Market area of San Francisco<ref name="occupytampa.org"/>) and Bert Herrman (a fisting community leader, author, and publisher).<ref name="A&A">{{cite web |author=Cindy |date=July 17, 2017 |title=Reginold Alley's Leather Memoir |url=http://www.artandarchitecture-sf.com/ringold-alleys-leather-memoir.html |access-date=July 7, 2018 |website=Public Art and Architecture from Around the World |publisher=Art and Architecture}}</ref><ref name="Jewish">{{cite news |last=Paull |first=Laura |date=June 21, 2018 |title=Honoring gay leather culture with art installation in SoMa alleyway |url=https://www.jweekly.com/2018/06/21/honoring-gay-leather-culture-with-art-installation-in-soma-alleyway/ |access-date=June 23, 2018 |newspaper=[[J. The Jewish News of Northern California]] |publisher=}}</ref>
* The [[San Francisco South of Market Leather History Alley]], opened in 2017, is art that honors [[leather subculture|leather culture]] and community members including Steve McEachern (owner of the [[Catacombs (sex club)|Catacombs]], a now defunct gay and lesbian [[sadomasochism|S/M]] [[Leather subculture|leather]] fisting club in the South of Market area of San Francisco<ref name="occupytampa.org"/>) and Bert Herrman (a fisting community leader, author, and publisher).<ref name="A&A">{{cite web |author=Cindy |date=July 17, 2017 |title=Reginold Alley's Leather Memoir |url=http://www.artandarchitecture-sf.com/ringold-alleys-leather-memoir.html |access-date=July 7, 2018 |website=Public Art and Architecture from Around the World |publisher=Art and Architecture}}</ref><ref name="Jewish">{{cite news |last=Paull |first=Laura |date=June 21, 2018 |title=Honoring gay leather culture with art installation in SoMa alleyway |url=https://www.jweekly.com/2018/06/21/honoring-gay-leather-culture-with-art-installation-in-soma-alleyway/ |access-date=June 23, 2018 |newspaper=[[J. The Jewish News of Northern California]] |publisher=}}</ref>
* [[Erotic photography]] by [[Robert Mapplethorpe]], including "Double Fist Fuck" (1977) and "Fist Fuck / Full Body" (1978)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Double Fist Fuck (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection) |url=https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/109GDQ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[J. Paul Getty Museum|The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fist Fuck / Full Body |url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/2233389 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[Los Angeles County Museum of Art|LACMA Collections]]}}</ref>
* [[Erotic photography]] by [[Robert Mapplethorpe]], including "Double Fist Fuck" (1977) and "Fist Fuck / Full Body" (1978)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Double Fist Fuck (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection) |url=https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/109GDQ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[J. Paul Getty Museum|The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fist Fuck / Full Body |url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/2233389 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[Los Angeles County Museum of Art|LACMA Collections]]}}</ref> and “Helmut and Brooks, NYC, 1978”.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/254559/robert-mapplethorpe-helmut-and-brooks-nyc-american-1978/ |title=Helmut and Brooks, N.Y.C. (Getty Museum) |publisher=Getty.edu |date= |accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref><ref name="independent1998">{{cite news|author=Jason Bennetto |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/mapplethorpe-images-cleared-1175348.html%3famp |title=Mapplethorpe images cleared |publisher=The Independent |date=1998-10-01 |accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1999">{{cite web |url=http://www.uce.ac.uk/mapplethorpe/ |title=UCE pages on the Mapplethorpe controversy |accessdate=12 November 2002 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990209055420/http://www.uce.ac.uk/mapplethorpe/ |archivedate=February 9, 1999 }}</ref>
* [[Erotica]] by [[Tom of Finland]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-03-21 |title=Tom of Finland - The Gay Icon Who Changed Pop Culture Forever |url=https://fistfy.com/tom-of-finland-the-gay-icon-who-changed-pop-culture-forever/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Fistfy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Street |first=Mikelle |date=2021-01-04 |title=Your Favorite (Explicit) Tom of Finland Art Is Now a Set of Magnets |url=https://www.out.com/art/2021/1/04/your-favorite-explicit-tom-finland-art-now-set-magnets#toggle-gdpr |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[Out (magazine)|Out]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Dom Orejudos]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom of Finland Foundation Galleries, Galleries of Artists: Etienne/Stephen |url=https://www.tomoffinland.org/toff-gallery/ |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=Tom of Finland Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> [[The Hun (cartoonist)|Bill Schmeling]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poster of Leatherman/Biker in Chaps fisting a bound nude man with can of Crisco at feet #1/10 by The Hun [Bill Schmeling] - 1981 |url=https://biblio.com.au/book/poster-leatherman-biker-chaps-fisting-bound/d/1397088558 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[Biblio.com|Biblio]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Chuck Arnett]],<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Red Star Saloon S.F. (UC1STO551521) |url=https://doi.org/10.25549/one-c4-46788 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=USC Libraries |date=2021 |doi=10.25549/one-c4-46788 |via=[[ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chuck Arnett collection |url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c82z1cb6/entire_text/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=[[Online Archive of California]] |series=Collection Number: 1997-42}}</ref> [[Gengoroh Tagame]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bayly |first=Zac |date=2024-08-22 |title=Gengoroh Tagame: Japanese Author of Brutal Sadomasochistic Comics Is Actually a Big Softy |url=https://buttmagazine.com/interviews/gengoroh-tagame/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Butt (magazine)|Butt Magazine]] |series=Issue 33 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Drubskin]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-17 |title=Artworks |url=https://www.drubskin.com/2023/,%20https://www.drubskin.com/2023/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[Drubskin]] |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Erotica]] by [[Tom of Finland]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-03-21 |title=Tom of Finland - The Gay Icon Who Changed Pop Culture Forever |url=https://fistfy.com/tom-of-finland-the-gay-icon-who-changed-pop-culture-forever/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Fistfy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Street |first=Mikelle |date=2021-01-04 |title=Your Favorite (Explicit) Tom of Finland Art Is Now a Set of Magnets |url=https://www.out.com/art/2021/1/04/your-favorite-explicit-tom-finland-art-now-set-magnets#toggle-gdpr |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[Out (magazine)|Out]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Dom Orejudos]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom of Finland Foundation Galleries, Galleries of Artists: Etienne/Stephen |url=https://www.tomoffinland.org/toff-gallery/ |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=Tom of Finland Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> [[The Hun (cartoonist)|Bill Schmeling]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poster of Leatherman/Biker in Chaps fisting a bound nude man with can of Crisco at feet #1/10 by The Hun [Bill Schmeling] - 1981 |url=https://biblio.com.au/book/poster-leatherman-biker-chaps-fisting-bound/d/1397088558 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[Biblio.com|Biblio]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Chuck Arnett]],<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Red Star Saloon S.F. (UC1STO551521) |url=https://doi.org/10.25549/one-c4-46788 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=USC Libraries |date=2021 |doi=10.25549/one-c4-46788 |via=[[ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chuck Arnett collection |url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c82z1cb6/entire_text/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=[[Online Archive of California]] |series=Collection Number: 1997-42}}</ref> [[Gengoroh Tagame]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bayly |first=Zac |date=2024-08-22 |title=Gengoroh Tagame: Japanese Author of Brutal Sadomasochistic Comics Is Actually a Big Softy |url=https://buttmagazine.com/interviews/gengoroh-tagame/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Butt (magazine)|Butt Magazine]] |series=Issue 33 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Drubskin]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-17 |title=Artworks |url=https://www.drubskin.com/2023/,%20https://www.drubskin.com/2023/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[Drubskin]] |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''[[Hanky Panky (painting)|Hanky Panky]]'' (2020) by [[Kent Monkman]]
* ''[[Hanky Panky (painting)|Hanky Panky]]'' (2020) by [[Kent Monkman]]
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==== Performance art ====
==== Performance art ====
* In ''Solar Anus'' (1999), [[Ron Athey]] challenged the [[Feminization (activity)|feminization]] and [[Gay sex roles|sexual roles]] associated with male penetration by both giving and receiving penetration through self-fisting.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gallego |first1=Julia R. |date=2014 |title=The Dissector's Cut, the Wound and the Orifice: Seeing Ron Athey's performances through a cultural anatomy of the vagina |journal=Performance Research |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=74–84 |doi=10.1080/13528165.2014.947124 |s2cid=191537518}}</ref>
* In ''Solar Anus'' (1999), [[Ron Athey]] challenged the [[Feminization (activity)|feminization]] and [[Gay sex roles|sexual roles]] associated with male penetration by both giving and receiving penetration through self-fisting.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gallego |first1=Julia R. |date=2014 |title=The Dissector's Cut, the Wound and the Orifice: Seeing Ron Athey's performances through a cultural anatomy of the vagina |journal=Performance Research |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=74–84 |doi=10.1080/13528165.2014.947124 |s2cid=191537518}}</ref>
* In ''Being Green'' (2009), [[Jess Dobkin]] was fisted while dressed as the [[hand puppet]] [[Kermit the Frog]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Being Green |url=https://www.jessdobkin.com/jd_work/being-green/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=[[Jess Dobkin]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dupuis |first=Chris |date=2021-09-16 |title=Jess Dobkin, a Performance Artist With a Unique Sense of Humor |url=http://hyperallergic.com/677439/jess-dobkin-a-performance-artist-with-a-unique-sense-of-humor/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=[[Hyperallergic]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* In ''Being Green'' (2009), [[Jess Dobkin]] was fisted while dressed as the [[hand puppet]] [[Kermit the Frog]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Being Green |url=https://www.jessdobkin.com/jd_work/being-green/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=[[Jess Dobkin]] |language=en-US |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114222122/https://www.jessdobkin.com/jd_work/being-green/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dupuis |first=Chris |date=2021-09-16 |title=Jess Dobkin, a Performance Artist With a Unique Sense of Humor |url=http://hyperallergic.com/677439/jess-dobkin-a-performance-artist-with-a-unique-sense-of-humor/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=[[Hyperallergic]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* In 2013, [[Detroit]]-based artist Jerry Vile placed a 4-ft. tall can of Crisco in front of the fist-shaped ''[[Monument to Joe Louis]]'' for "helping to ease the pain of [[Detroit bankruptcy|Detroit's bankruptcy]]."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-08 |title=Detroit's massive jar of Crisco up for sale on eBay |url=https://www.michiganradio.org/offbeat/2013-08-08/detroits-massive-jar-of-crisco-up-for-sale-on-ebay |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[Michigan Radio|Michigan Public Media]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olshansky |first=Clara |date=2013-07-31 |title=Artist Gives Detroit Crisco, "To Ease the Pain" |url=http://artfcity.com/2013/07/31/artist-gives-detroit-crisco-to-ease-the-pain/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Art F City |language=en-US}}</ref>
* In 2013, [[Detroit]]-based artist Jerry Vile placed a 4-ft. tall can of Crisco in front of the fist-shaped ''[[Monument to Joe Louis]]'' for "helping to ease the pain of [[Detroit bankruptcy|Detroit's bankruptcy]]."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-08 |title=Detroit's massive jar of Crisco up for sale on eBay |url=https://www.michiganradio.org/offbeat/2013-08-08/detroits-massive-jar-of-crisco-up-for-sale-on-ebay |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=[[Michigan Radio|Michigan Public Media]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olshansky |first=Clara |date=2013-07-31 |title=Artist Gives Detroit Crisco, "To Ease the Pain" |url=http://artfcity.com/2013/07/31/artist-gives-detroit-crisco-to-ease-the-pain/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Art F City |language=en-US}}</ref>


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=== United Kingdom ===
=== United Kingdom ===
In the [[United Kingdom]], performing fisting<ref name="extreme-porn-trial">{{cite news|author=[[Myles Jackman]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/aug/08/extreme-porn-trial-simon-walsh |title=Extreme porn trial: consensual sex and the state |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 8, 2012 |access-date=January 4, 2013 |location=London}}</ref> and fisting pornography are both legal.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Matilda |date=2019-01-31 |title=Ban on fetish porn including BDSM overturned in England in landmark ruling |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/violent-porn-including-bdsm-no-longer-illegal-uk-long-performers-consenting-155930303.html |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=[[Yahoo News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> However, until 2019, the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (CPS) considered publication of fisting material to be grounds for prosecution under the [[Obscene Publications Act 1959]]<ref name=":9">{{cite web |title=Obscene publications: Legal Guidance |url=http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/obscene_publications/#a05 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215064811/http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/obscene_publications/#a05 |archive-date=2016-12-15 |access-date=April 20, 2023 |website=[[Crown Prosecution Service]]}}{{void|comment|Fabrickator|Evidently, fisting had been removed from the website by about 2019, claim may need to be reviewed and updated}}</ref> and [[Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008]], the latter of which prohibits so-called "extreme pornography."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extreme Pornography |url=https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/extreme-pornography |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=[[Crown Prosecution Service]] |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118000008/https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/extreme-pornography |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1998, the [[Birmingham City University|University of Central England]] was involved in a controversy when a library book by [[Robert Mapplethorpe]] was confiscated from a student by the police, who informed the university that two photographs in the book (including one involving fisting) would have to be removed. If the university agreed to the removal (which it did not) the book would be returned. The two photographs, which were deemed possibly prosecutable as obscenity, included “Helmut and Brooks, NYC, 1978”, which shows anal fisting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/254559/robert-mapplethorpe-helmut-and-brooks-nyc-american-1978/ |title=Helmut and Brooks, N.Y.C. (Getty Museum) |publisher=Getty.edu |date= |accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref><ref name="independent1998">{{cite news|author=Jason Bennetto |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/mapplethorpe-images-cleared-1175348.html%3famp |title=Mapplethorpe images cleared |publisher=The Independent |date=1998-10-01 |accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1999">{{cite web |url=http://www.uce.ac.uk/mapplethorpe/ |title=UCE pages on the Mapplethorpe controversy |accessdate=12 November 2002 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990209055420/http://www.uce.ac.uk/mapplethorpe/ |archivedate=February 9, 1999 }}</ref> However, after a delay of about six months, the affair came to an end when Peter Knight, the Vice-Chancellor of the university, was informed that no legal action would be taken.<ref name="independent1998"/><ref name="autogenerated1999"/> The book was returned to the university library without removal of the photos.<ref name="Smartt2011">{{cite book|author=Ursula Smartt|title=Media and Entertainment Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qCLR5fyc7N0C&pg=PA277|date=19 April 2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-73641-4|pages=277–}}</ref> In ''[[R v Peacock]]'' (2012), the jury found Michael Peacock not guilty of breaching the Obscene Publications Act for selling [[DVD]]s containing anal fisting.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |last2=Hodgson |first2=Nichi |date=2012-01-07 |title=Obscenity law in doubt after jury acquits distributor of gay pornography |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/jan/07/obscene-publications-act-future-doubt |access-date=2012-01-07 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> That same year, a jury took less than 90 minutes<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Caroline |date=2012-08-08 |title=Former Boris Johnson aide cleared of possession of 'extreme pornography' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/08/boris-johnson-aide-extreme-pornography-cleared |access-date=2024-01-17 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008#2012 test case|to acquit Simon Walsh]] for possession of images of anal fisting that the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (CPS) alleged constituted illegal, extreme pornography.<ref name="extreme-porn-trial" /> In 2019, the CPS declared it would no longer prosecute pornography produced by consenting adults engaging in legal acts,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=2019-01-31 |title=Pornography of adult consensual sex no longer taboo, says CPS |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/jan/31/pornography-of-adult-consensual-sex-no-longer-taboo-says-cps |access-date=2024-01-18 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> including fisting.<ref name=":10" />
In the [[United Kingdom]], performing fisting<ref name="extreme-porn-trial">{{cite news|author=[[Myles Jackman]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/aug/08/extreme-porn-trial-simon-walsh |title=Extreme porn trial: consensual sex and the state |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 8, 2012 |access-date=January 4, 2013 |location=London}}</ref> and fisting pornography are both legal.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Matilda |date=2019-01-31 |title=Ban on fetish porn including BDSM overturned in England in landmark ruling |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/violent-porn-including-bdsm-no-longer-illegal-uk-long-performers-consenting-155930303.html |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=[[Yahoo News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> However, until 2019, the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (CPS) considered publication of fisting material to be grounds for prosecution under the [[Obscene Publications Act 1959]]<ref name=":9">{{cite web |title=Obscene publications: Legal Guidance |url=http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/obscene_publications/#a05 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215064811/http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/obscene_publications/#a05 |archive-date=2016-12-15 |access-date=April 20, 2023 |website=[[Crown Prosecution Service]]}}{{void|comment|Fabrickator|Evidently, fisting had been removed from the website by about 2019, claim may need to be reviewed and updated}}</ref> and [[Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008]], the latter of which prohibits so-called "extreme pornography."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extreme Pornography |url=https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/extreme-pornography |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=[[Crown Prosecution Service]] |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118000008/https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/extreme-pornography |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1998, the [[Birmingham City University|University of Central England]] was involved in a controversy when a library book by [[Robert Mapplethorpe]] was confiscated from a student by the police, who informed the university that two photographs in the book (including one involving fisting) would have to be removed. If the university agreed to the removal (which it did not) the book would be returned. The two photographs, which were deemed possibly prosecutable as obscenity, included “Helmut and Brooks, NYC, 1978”, which shows anal fisting.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="independent1998"/><ref name="autogenerated1999"/> However, after a delay of about six months, the affair came to an end when Peter Knight, the Vice-Chancellor of the university, was informed that no legal action would be taken.<ref name="independent1998"/><ref name="autogenerated1999"/> The book was returned to the university library without removal of the photos.<ref name="Smartt2011">{{cite book|author=Ursula Smartt|title=Media and Entertainment Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qCLR5fyc7N0C&pg=PA277|date=19 April 2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-73641-4|pages=277–}}</ref> In ''[[R v Peacock]]'' (2012), the jury found Michael Peacock not guilty of breaching the Obscene Publications Act for selling [[DVD]]s containing anal fisting.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |last2=Hodgson |first2=Nichi |date=2012-01-07 |title=Obscenity law in doubt after jury acquits distributor of gay pornography |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/jan/07/obscene-publications-act-future-doubt |access-date=2012-01-07 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> That same year, a jury took less than 90 minutes<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Caroline |date=2012-08-08 |title=Former Boris Johnson aide cleared of possession of 'extreme pornography' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/08/boris-johnson-aide-extreme-pornography-cleared |access-date=2024-01-17 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008#2012 test case|to acquit Simon Walsh]] for possession of images of anal fisting that the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (CPS) alleged constituted illegal, extreme pornography.<ref name="extreme-porn-trial" /> In 2019, the CPS declared it would no longer prosecute pornography produced by consenting adults engaging in legal acts,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=2019-01-31 |title=Pornography of adult consensual sex no longer taboo, says CPS |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/jan/31/pornography-of-adult-consensual-sex-no-longer-taboo-says-cps |access-date=2024-01-18 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> including fisting.<ref name=":10" />


=== United States ===
=== United States ===

Latest revision as of 09:16, 22 November 2024

An illustration of a woman fisting her own vagina
Vaginal self-fisting

Fisting—also known as fist fucking (FF),[1] handballing, and brachioproctic or brachiovaginal insertion[2]—is a sexual activity that involves inserting one or more hands into the rectum (anal fisting) or the vagina (vaginal fisting).[1] Fisting may be performed on oneself (self-fisting)[3] or performed on one person by another. People who engage in fisting are often called "fisters".[1][4]

History

Fisting's emergence as a sexual practice is commonly attributed to gay male culture.[5][6] However, its precise origin is disputed. Some claim fisting began in the twentieth century,[7][8][9] whereas others assert the practice dates back to the eighteenth century or earlier.[5][10] Sex educator Robert Morgan Lawrence, for example, claimed the practice dates back thousands of years.[11][12]

A patch for The Catacombs, a gay and lesbian S/M leather fisting club, from the Leather Archives & Museum's collection

Fisting became more visible and popular around the time of the gay liberation movement, during which sex clubs partly or entirely dedicated to the practice emerged. The hanky code allowed fisters to surreptitiously solicit partners in public by wearing red handkerchiefs.[13] By 1973, gay bars, bathhouses and clubs such as the Red Star Saloon in South of Market, San Francisco were openly advertising fisting.[14] The most famous fisting club was the Catacombs, a gay and lesbian S/M leather fisting club in San Francisco that operated from 1975 to 1984.[15] The Handball Express was another notable fisting club.[16] Crisco was commonly used as a lubricant—prominently featured in pornographic films like Erotic Hands (1980)[17]—before specialized products became available.[18][6]

During the AIDS crisis in the 1980s, cities such as San Francisco[19] and New York[20] forcibly closed gay establishments that, accurately or not, were believed to permit unsafe sex,[21] including fisting.[18] Consequently, most venues that permitted fisting, namely gay bathhouses and sex clubs, permanently closed.[22][6] While the closures were supported by some in the gay community (such as Randy Shilts), others—including the gay press, San Francisco AIDS Foundation, and San Francisco Human Rights Commission—criticized the decision as counterproductive and a violation of civil liberties.[21] Many regarded the closures as a product of anti-gay hysteria as well as anti-sex attitudes and disapproval of gay sexual activity in particular.[21] Meanwhile, safe sex advocates launched a public health campaign to promote the use of gloves.[23]

Fisting's visibility and popularity has grown in the twenty-first century,[24][25] likely due in large part to the internet[26] and greater HIV prevention and treatment options. Fisting pornography is now widely available online[27] and fisters can easily meet via social media platforms, some of which are tailored for fisting (e.g. Recon).[28][29] Gay bathhouses have made a comeback, with some even advertising fisting parties and live demonstrations.[30][18]

Anal fisting performed by a man on himself
Anal self-fisting

Techniques

Hands

A common technique, particularly for beginners, is to extend four fingers straight with thumb tucked beneath. Some refer to this technique as the "silent duck" or "duck-billing", because the hand position resembles a duck beak.[2][3]

"Silent duck" hand position

In more vigorous forms of fisting, often referred to as "punching" or "punchfisting", the hand is partly or fully clenched into a fist before, during, and/or after insertion.[31]

Taking two hands at once is referred to as "double fisting".[4][6] In the case of double fisting, pleasure may be derived more from the stretching of the anus or vagina than from the in-and-out movement of hands.[2]

Oftentimes, hands are inserted up to the wrist.[5] Some experienced fisters enjoy deeper penetration, sometimes referred to as "depth play",[32] in which hands may be inserted as far as the elbow.[5][4]

Sometimes a penetrative partner may insert their penis or a sex toy at the same time as their hand(s), to masturbate inside the receptive partner's rectum or vagina.

While rare, some experienced fisters are capable of taking three hands.[33]

A man inserts his hand into a vagina
A man fisting a woman with the duck-beak method

Lubricants

Lubricants designed specifically for fisting or with fisting as an intended use are widely available in some countries.[34]

Sex toys

Fisters commonly use dildos to loosen the vagina or anus before or during a fisting session.[4][35]

Terminology

Common fisting-related terms include:

  • Fist; fist fuck: "the practice of inserting the hand (and part of the arm) into a partner's anus (or vagina) for the sexual pleasure of all involved."[1]
  • Fister; fist-fucker: a practitioner of fisting; or, depending on context, a penetrative partner in a fisting session involving two or more people.[1][4]
  • Fistee: a receptive partner in a session involving two or more people.[4]
    Picture of a red rose
    A blooming rose is a common symbol and metaphor for fisting
  • Punch fisting: fisting in which the hand is partly or fully clenched into a fist before, during, and/or after insertion.[31]
  • Double fisting: fisting in which two hands are inserted into the anus or vagina.[4][6]
  • Rosebud or rectal prolapse: when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus. Can be induced by fisting or other ass play (named due to the prolapse's resemblance to a rose flower).[36][37][38]
  • Bloom: "bloom" is used as a verb (e.g. "blooming") to describe the act of inducing a rosebud or prolapse, or the moment when a rosebud or prolapse becomes visible.[36]

According to The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English, "fisting" and "fist fuck" entered the American slang lexicon no later than 1969.[1]

Risks

Fisting can cause laceration or perforation of the vagina, perineum, rectum, or colon, resulting in serious injury[39] and even death.[40][41][42][43][6] As anal fisting may cause damage to the rectal mucosa, it may increase the likelihood of transmission of sexually transmitted infections.[44] In addition, sexual activities that force air into the vagina can lead to a fatal air embolism, predominantly during pregnancy.[45][6]

A 2021 study found that men who practiced anal fisting were more likely to experience fecal incontinence than men who engaged in other forms of anal sex. 18.1% of men who engaged in fisting experienced some form of fecal incontinence in the last month, compared to 7.2% of men who did not engage in fisting.[46][47][48] However, more research is required to establish a causal link, and whether or not this is temporary or has a long-term impact.[48][47]

A 2022 report published in the journal Sex Education found that "clinical and forensic research has over-inflated the ‘dangers’ of fisting without an understanding of contexts in which fisting takes place."[18] It also found that anal and vaginal fisting present "low to no risk" of sexually transmitted infections.[18]

Gloves, lubricant, and fingernail trimming can help reduce risk.[49][34][35]

Fisting has been depicted or referenced in art, music, cinema and other forms of popular culture. Examples include:

Art

Performance art

Music

The Monument to Joe Louis, which made headlines in 2013 for what was widely considered a fisting joke

Film

Pornographic films

Television

Literature

La Fistinière, a fisting club in France

Clubs

Other

In the handkerchief code, the color red signifies interest in fisting.
  • In 2011, adult performers Jiz Lee and Courtney Trouble proclaimed October 21 as "International Fisting Day," which Lee described as "a day of international celebration and education" intended in part to combat censorship.[27][18]
  • In the handkerchief code, the color red signifies interest in fisting.[92]

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, performing fisting[93] and fisting pornography are both legal.[94] However, until 2019, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) considered publication of fisting material to be grounds for prosecution under the Obscene Publications Act 1959[95] and Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, the latter of which prohibits so-called "extreme pornography."[96] In 1998, the University of Central England was involved in a controversy when a library book by Robert Mapplethorpe was confiscated from a student by the police, who informed the university that two photographs in the book (including one involving fisting) would have to be removed. If the university agreed to the removal (which it did not) the book would be returned. The two photographs, which were deemed possibly prosecutable as obscenity, included “Helmut and Brooks, NYC, 1978”, which shows anal fisting.[54][55][56] However, after a delay of about six months, the affair came to an end when Peter Knight, the Vice-Chancellor of the university, was informed that no legal action would be taken.[55][56] The book was returned to the university library without removal of the photos.[97] In R v Peacock (2012), the jury found Michael Peacock not guilty of breaching the Obscene Publications Act for selling DVDs containing anal fisting.[98] That same year, a jury took less than 90 minutes[99] to acquit Simon Walsh for possession of images of anal fisting that the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) alleged constituted illegal, extreme pornography.[93] In 2019, the CPS declared it would no longer prosecute pornography produced by consenting adults engaging in legal acts,[100] including fisting.[94]

United States

Fisting is on the Cambria List, meant to be a list of sex acts that carry risk of prosecution under U.S. obscenity law, created by Paul Cambria in 2001 to help producers avoid obscenity lawsuits.[27] However, as of 2019, the Cambria List is generally regarded as obsolete within the American pornography industry.[101]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Dalzell, Tom, ed. (2018). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781351765206.
  2. ^ a b c d Herrman, Bert (1991). Trust—the Hand Book: A Guide to the Sensual and Spiritual Art of Handballing. San Francisco: Alamo Square Press. pp. 46–47, 58. ISBN 978-0-9624751-5-3. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
  3. ^ a b "The Ultimate Anal Fisting Guide". Fistfy. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Cheves, Alexander (February 12, 2016). "30 Kinky Terms Every Gay Man Needs to Know". The Advocate. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d Martin, Jarred H (April 3, 2023). "Fisting intimacy: The sexual scripting of intimacy in gay men's anal fisting". Psychology & Sexuality. 14 (2): 416–431. doi:10.1080/19419899.2022.2148119. hdl:2263/88857. ISSN 1941-9899. S2CID 253530400.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Fisting, also called handballing, fist-fucking, brachiovaginal, or brachioproctic insertion". Leatherpedia. 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  7. ^ Damousi, Joy; Reynolds, Robert (2003). History on the Couch: Essays in History and Psychoanalysis. Melbourne University. p. 57. ISBN 052285057X. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
  8. ^ David Bergman (2004). The Violet Hour: The Violet Quill and the Making of Gay Culture. Columbia University Press. pp. 206–207. ISBN 0231503830. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
  9. ^ Piontek, Thomas (January 2006). Queering Gay and Lesbian Studies. University of Illinois Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-252-03031-4. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
  10. ^ a b Smith, Jonathan (August 15, 2011). "A Hand in the Bush - An Interview with Deborah Addington". Vice. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  11. ^ Taormino, Tristan (1998). The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women. Cleis Press. p. 103. ISBN 9781573440288.
  12. ^ Gayle Rubin, "The Catacombs: A Triumph of the Butthole", in Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice, Alyson Press, 1992, ISBN 1555831877, pp. 119-141; reprinted in Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader, Duke University Press, 2011, ISBN 0822349868, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), retrieved September 30, 2014.
  13. ^ Gremore, Graham (May 19, 2016). "Levi's Is Bringing Back The Hanky Code Just In Time For Pride". Queerty. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
  14. ^ a b "Red Star Saloon S.F. (UC1STO551521)". USC Libraries. 2021. doi:10.25549/one-c4-46788. Retrieved July 8, 2024 – via ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives.
  15. ^ a b Rubin, Gayle (1992). "The Catacombs: A Temple of the Butthole". Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice. Alyson Press. pp. 119–141. ISBN 1555831877.; reprinted in Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader (PDF). Duke University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0822349860. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  16. ^ Rofes, Eric (2005). "The Handball Express, 975 Harrison Street". A Walking Tour of South of Market in the 1970s (PDF). San Francisco. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ^ a b "Erotic Hands". AEBN. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g Barcelos, Chris A. (May 4, 2023). "Adventures in fisting". Sex Education. 23 (3): 279–286. doi:10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441. ISSN 1468-1811. S2CID 248197422.
  19. ^ "14 San Francisco Sex Clubs Told to Close to Curb AIDS". The New York Times. October 10, 1984. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  20. ^ Carroll, Maurice (October 26, 1985). "State Permits Closing of Bathhouses to Cut AIDS". The New York Times. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  21. ^ a b c Hank, Trout (December 22, 2021). "The bathhouse battle of 1984". San Francisco AIDS Foundation. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  22. ^ Gayle S. Rubin, "Elegy for the Valley of Kings: AIDS and the Leather Community in San Francisco, 1981-1996", in In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS, ed. John H. Gagnon, Peter M. Nardi, and Martin P. Levine, University of Chicago Press, 1997, ISBN 0226278573, pp. 101-144.
  23. ^ "one-2018001-p02335~01 (UC12335431)". USC Libraries. 2021. doi:10.25549/one-c4-45746. Retrieved July 8, 2024 – via ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives.
  24. ^ "Exploring The Pleasures Of Fisting: A Guide To Safe And Enjoyable Fisting Sexual Experiences". Allo Health. July 24, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  25. ^ Beresford, Kaitlyn Hayes and Meka (June 23, 2016). "UK sex trends: "Fisting is the new black"". PinkNews. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  26. ^ Cheves, Alexander (July 10, 2019). "4 Perspectives On How The Internet Has Changed Kink". Them. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  27. ^ a b c Dickson, E. J. (October 21, 2014). "Is fisting the Internet's last taboo sex act?". Cashmere Magazine. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  28. ^ Cox, Joseph (May 10, 2016). "Another Day, Another Hack: Is Your Fisting Site Updating Its Forum Software?". Vice. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
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  • Addington, D (1998). A Hand in the Bush, The Fine Art of Vaginal Fisting. Greenery Press.
  • Donovan B; Tindall B; Cooper D. Brachioproctic eroticism and transmission of retrovirus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Genitourin Med. 1986 Dec;62(6):390-2.
  • Herrman, Bert (1991). Trust, the Hand Book: A Guide to the Sensual and Spiritual Art of Handballing. San Francisco: Alamo Square Press. ISBN 0-9624751-5-7.
  • Inciardi, James A.; Surratt, Hilary L.; Telles, Paulo R. (November 1, 2000). Sex, Drugs, and HIV/AIDS in Brazil. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-3424-1.
  • Medical terminology and some information on risks were taken from The Intelligent Man's Guide To Handball, a guide to man-on-man fisting.
  • Media related to Fisting at Wikimedia Commons
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